WO2015168989A1 - 平板阵列天线 - Google Patents

平板阵列天线 Download PDF

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WO2015168989A1
WO2015168989A1 PCT/CN2014/082788 CN2014082788W WO2015168989A1 WO 2015168989 A1 WO2015168989 A1 WO 2015168989A1 CN 2014082788 W CN2014082788 W CN 2014082788W WO 2015168989 A1 WO2015168989 A1 WO 2015168989A1
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array antenna
flat panel
waveguide
panel array
antenna
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PCT/CN2014/082788
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French (fr)
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陈志兴
杨华
云宇
杨坚
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广东盛路通信科技股份有限公司
陈志兴
杨华
云宇
杨坚
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Publication of WO2015168989A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015168989A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

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  • the present invention relates to an antenna system, and more particularly to a mobile backhaul back-haul system, and can be used for wireless WIFI point-to-point (point-point) Link)
  • An antenna is a transducer that transforms a guided wave propagating on a transmission line into an electromagnetic wave propagating in an unbounded medium, or vice versa.
  • the antennas commonly used in the world mainly have the following schemes: 1)
  • the microstrip line scheme is characterized by simple processing, low cost and small volume; but the loss is large and the bandwidth is narrow, which is an insurmountable short board of such an antenna, and thus impossible Used in E-band systems.
  • 2) Based on the slab-printed substrate integrated waveguide SIW technology, the loss and bandwidth performance of such antennas is much better than the microstrip line scheme.
  • the loss and bandwidth performance can not meet the requirements of engineering systems.
  • such antennas must adopt multi-layer printed circuit solutions and multi-layer board through-hole technology to increase the processing cost. So far, it has not been seen in the literature that such technologies are mature and feasible. sample.
  • Multilayer slab waveguide technology Multilayer slab waveguide technology.
  • the simulated telecommunication index can be very good, but the processing technology is very demanding.
  • the actual measured performance indicators, especially the loss index are poor in the literature.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a planar array antenna having low loss, simple processing and assembly, and a wide operating band range.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • a flat panel array antenna comprising: a flat reflector, a waveguide splitter connected to a signal output end of the flat reflector, and an antenna radiating unit connected to the waveguide splitter signal;
  • the flat reflector has a reflective side of a multi-point smooth transition, and the reflective side is located in the H-plane of the planar array antenna, and performs amplitude-weighted distribution on the H-plane of the planar array antenna;
  • the waveguide power splitter is connected to one end of the reflective side, and is located in the E plane of the planar array antenna, and is equally distributed for the E plane of the flat panel array antenna;
  • the antenna radiating element includes a rectangular waveguide and a dielectric grid assembled orthogonally to the rectangular waveguide.
  • the waveguide splitter is a supermode waveguide splitter having a waveguide aspect ratio of not less than 30.
  • the rectangular waveguide in the antenna radiating unit is a cavity structure formed by inserting a metal rod into the cavity wall, and the dielectric grid is orthogonally inserted into the opening of the cavity structure.
  • the rectangular waveguides are a plurality of parallel rows, and the openings of the rectangular waveguides have a flare shape.
  • the antenna radiating unit is formed by a plastic molding and a surface plating process.
  • a rectangular waveguide, a dielectric grid, and a cavity wall of a corresponding shape are formed by using a mold, and then the rectangular waveguide and the dielectric grille are formed.
  • the surface of the cavity wall is coated with a layer of metal and finally assembled.
  • each smooth transition point on the flat reflector is determined based on the phase of each power branch of the waveguide splitter, providing waves of the same phase for each power branch.
  • the array antenna is used in a frequency range of 10 GHz to 100 GHz.
  • the high frequency flat panel array antenna provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the antenna radiating element is formed by a rectangular rectangular waveguide and a dielectric grid to form a connected tree structure, so that the loss of the antenna is very low, and the antenna radiating unit itself has a large operating band width while ensuring the gain of the antenna radiating unit itself.
  • the structure of the connecting tree greatly reduces the precision of processing and assembly, and is very suitable for the plastic forming and metal plating process, which has low processing cost and light weight.
  • the waveguide power splitter is a supermode waveguide power splitter with a waveguide aspect ratio of not less than 30, the loss will be very small when used for high frequency transmission, effectively reducing the microwave transmission loss of the frequency band and ensuring the overall gain of the antenna array. .
  • the waveguide power splitter is used to divide the 1 signal into multiple signals to the antenna radiating unit at the end, and the equal amplitude distribution of the E plane of the antenna array is realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a planar array antenna provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a flat reflector
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a waveguide power divider
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of an antenna radiating unit
  • Figure 5 shows a reflection coefficient of standing wave
  • Figure 6 shows the antenna radiation pattern
  • a flat panel array antenna is used for a frequency range of 10 GHz to 100 GHz, and is composed of a flat panel reflector 1, a waveguide power divider 2, and an antenna radiating unit 3.
  • the input port of the flat panel array antenna is fed by a WR/15 standard waveguide (3.16 ⁇ 1.88mm2), the input port is connected to the flat reflector 1 to realize the amplitude distribution of the H plane, and the rear end of the flat reflector 1 is connected to the waveguide splitter 2 to realize power distribution.
  • the flat panel array antenna terminal employs an antenna radiating unit 3 of a rectangular waveguide plus a dielectric grid. Compared with the prior art, this type of antenna has low antenna loss, simple process requirements, low processing precision, good manufacturability, and is suitable for using dielectric materials to achieve low cost, which is a very good high. Frequency plate array antenna solution.
  • the flat reflector 1 has a multi-point smooth transitional reflection side 11 which is located in the H-plane of the planar array antenna and is amplitude-weighted for the H-plane of the planar array antenna.
  • the smooth transition points on the reflective side 11 are determined after phase compensation, which provides waves of the same phase for the respective power branches of the waveguide splitter 2.
  • the waveguide power divider 2 is disposed in the plane of the planar array antenna E, and has a waveguide aspect ratio of not less than 30.
  • the advantage of using such a waveguide power divider is to effectively reduce the microwave transmission loss in the frequency band and ensure the overall gain of the antenna array.
  • the waveguide power divider since the waveguide power divider is located at the rear end of the reflective side of the flat reflector, the signal is reflected and output by the reflective side, and then enters the waveguide power splitter, and the signal of one channel is divided into multiple signals to be output to the antenna radiating unit at the end.
  • the equal-amplitude distribution of the E-plane of the antenna array since the waveguide power divider is located at the rear end of the reflective side of the flat reflector, the signal is reflected and output by the reflective side, and then enters the waveguide power splitter, and the signal of one channel is divided into multiple signals to be output to the antenna radiating unit at the end.
  • the antenna radiating unit 3 is assembled by a rectangular waveguide 31 and a dielectric grating 32 into a connected tree structure, and the rectangular waveguide 31 is a cavity structure formed by inserting a metal rod into a cavity wall for mounting.
  • the opening of the cavity structure is flared; the dielectric grid 32 is orthogonally inserted into the opening of the cavity structure.
  • the antenna radiating unit adopts a connecting tree structure, which greatly reduces the precision of processing and assembly, and is particularly suitable for the plastic forming and metal plating process, the processing cost is low, and the weight is light.
  • FIG. 5 shows a test result of a standing wave reflection coefficient of the planar array antenna produced in the present embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the standing wave reflection loss is less than 4 dB in an operating frequency range of 50 GHz to 70 GHz.
  • Figure 6 shows the radiation pattern of the planar array antenna produced in the present embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the width of the main lobe does not exceed 80°, and the side lobe suppression is relatively obvious, and the whole radiation wave has good directivity and anti-interference ability. Strong.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种平板阵列天线，用于10GHz～100GHz的频率范围，其特征在于，包括：平板反射器，与平板反射器信号输出端连接的波导功分器，及与波导功分器信号连接的天线辐射单元；所述平板反射器具有多点平滑过渡的反射侧边，该反射侧边位于平板阵列天线的H面内，为平板阵列天线H面做幅度加权分布；所述波导功分器连接在反射侧边的一端，并位于平板阵列天线的E面内，为平板阵列天线E面做等幅分布；所述天线辐射单元包括矩形波导，及与矩形波导正交组装的介质格栅。与现有技术相比，本发明提供的平板阵列天线具有损耗低，工艺要求简单，加工精度要求不高，可制造性好的特点。

Description

平板阵列天线 技术领域
本发明涉及天线系统，尤其涉及一种用于移动通讯微波接力回传(back-haul)系统，同时可用于无线WIFI点对点(point-point link)基站间信号传输的平板阵列天线。
背景技术
天线是一种变换器，它把传输线上传播的导行波,变换成在无界媒介中传播的电磁波,或者进行相反的变换。在无线电设备中用来发射或接收电磁波的部件。无线电通信、广播、电视、雷达、导航、电子对抗、遥感、射电天文等工程系统，凡是利用电磁波来传递信息的，都依靠天线来进行工作。
目前世界上常用的天线主要有如下几种方案，1）微带线方案，特点是加工简单，成本低，体积小；但损耗大，带宽窄是这类天线不可克服的短板，因而不可能在E波段系统中采用。2）基于平板印刷电路的基片集成波导SIW技术，这类天线的损耗和带宽性能要比微带线方案好很多。但损耗和带宽性能还不能满足工程系统要求，同时这类天线必须采用多层印刷电路方案以及多层板通孔技术，使加工成本上升；至今还未在文献中看到这类技术成熟可行的样品。3）多层板波导技术。仿真的电讯指标可以很好，但加工工艺要求很高，在文献中看到的实际测量的性能指标，特别是损耗指标较差。
由此可见，现有的天线都不同时具备可实现的电性能和良好的可制造性。另外，在V波段和E波段也没有成熟的可借鉴的平板阵列天线设计技术。
 技术问题
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种损耗低，加工组装简单，工作频带范围宽的平板阵列天线。
技术解决方案
为达到以上目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种平板阵列天线，其特征在于，包括：平板反射器，与平板反射器信号输出端连接的波导功分器，及与波导功分器信号连接的天线辐射单元；
所述平板反射器具有多点平滑过渡的反射侧边，该反射侧边位于平板阵列天线的H面内，为平板阵列天线H面做幅度加权分布；
所述波导功分器连接在反射侧边的一端，并位于平板阵列天线的E面内，为平板阵列天线E面做等幅分布；
所述天线辐射单元包括矩形波导，及与矩形波导正交组装的介质格栅。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述波导功分器为波导长宽比不小于30的超模波导功分器。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述天线辐射单元中的矩形波导为金属棒插入腔体壁进行安装后形成的空腔结构，所述介质格栅正交插在空腔结构的开口上。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述矩形波导为平行并排的多个，各矩形波导的开口呈喇叭状。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述天线辐射单元采用塑料成型和表面镀层工艺制得，首先利用模具成型相应形状的矩形波导、介质格栅和腔体壁，然后在成型的矩形波导、介质格栅和腔体壁表面镀上一层金属，最后组装成型即可。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，平板反射器上的各平滑过渡点根据波导功分器各功分枝节的相位来确定，为各功分枝节提供相同相位的波。
作为上述方案的进一步说明，所述阵列天线用于10GHz～100GHz的频率范围。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的高频平板阵列天线具有以下有益效果：
一、天线辐射单元由正交的矩形波导和介质格栅形成连栅树结构，使得天线的损耗很低，在保证天线辐射单元本身增益的同时，也具备很大的工作频带宽度。此外，这种连栅树结构大大降低了加工和组装的精度要求，非常适合采用塑料成型加金属镀层工艺，加工成本很低，重量很轻。
二、由于波导功分器为波导长宽比不小于30的超模波导功分器，用于高频传输时，损耗会非常小，有效降低该频段的微波传输损耗，保证天线阵整体的增益。同时，利用波导功分器将1路信号分成多路信号输出给末端的天线辐射单元，实现了天线阵列E面的等幅分布。
 附图说明
图1所示为本发明提供的平板阵列天线结构示意图；
图2所示为平板反射器结构示意图；
图3所示为波导功分器结构示意图；
图4所示为天线辐射单元结构示意图；
图5所示为驻波反射系数图；
图6所示为天线辐射方向图。
附图标记说明：
1、平板反射器， 2、波导功分器， 3、天线辐射单元；
11、反射侧边；
31、矩形波导， 32、介质格栅。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
为方便本领域普通技术人员更好地理解本发明实质，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细阐述。
如图1所示，一种平板阵列天线，用于10GHz～100GHz的频率范围，由平板反射器1，波导功分器2和天线辐射单元3级联构成。平板阵列天线输入端口采用WR/15标准波导(3.16×1.88mm2)馈电，输入端口连接平板反射器1实现H面的幅度分布，平板反射器1后端连接波导功分器2实现功率分配，平板阵列天线终端采用矩形波导加介质格栅的天线辐射单元3。与已有的技术比较，这种形式的天线损耗低，工艺要求简单，加工精度要求不高，可制造性好，适于采用介质材料以达到低成本化的目的，是一种非常好的高频平板阵列天线解决方案。
其中，如图2所示，所述平板反射器1具有多点平滑过渡的反射侧边11，该反射侧边11位于平板阵列天线的H面内，为平板阵列天线H面做幅度加权分布。实际制备时，反射侧边11上各平滑过渡点是考虑了相位补偿后确定的，其为波导功分器2的各功分枝节提供相同相位的波。
如图3所示，所述波导功分器2设置在平板阵列天线E面内，其波导长宽比不小于30。采用这种波导功分器的好处是，有效降低该频段的微波传输损耗，保证天线阵整体的增益。同时，由于波导功分器位于平板反射器反射侧边的后端，信号由反射侧边反射输出后，进入波导功分器，将1路信号分成多路信号输出给末端的天线辐射单元，实现了天线阵列E面的等幅分布。
如图4所示，所述天线辐射单元3由矩形波导31和介质格栅32组装在一起成连栅树结构，所述矩形波导31为金属棒插入腔体壁进行安装后形成的空腔结构，该空腔结构的开口呈喇叭状；所述介质格栅32正交插在空腔结构的开口上。天线辐射单元采用连栅树结构，大大降低了加工和组装的精度要求，特别适合采用塑料成型加金属镀层工艺，加工成本很低，同时重量很轻。
图5所示为本实施例制得平板阵列天线的一个驻波反射系数测试结果，从图中可以看出，在50GHz～70GHz的一个工作频率范围内，驻波反射损耗低于4dB。
图6所示为本实施例制得平板阵列天线的辐射方向图，从图中可以看出：主瓣宽度不超过80°，且旁瓣抑制比较明显，整个辐射波方向性好，抗干扰能力强。
以上具体实施方式对本发明的实质进行了详细说明，但并不能以此来对本发明的保护范围进行限制。但凡依照本发明之实质，所做的简单改进、修饰或等效变换，都落在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 平板阵列天线，其特征在于，包括：平板反射器，与平板反射器信号输出端连接的波导功分器，及与波导功分器信号连接的天线辐射单元；
    所述平板反射器具有多点平滑过渡的反射侧边，该反射侧边位于平板阵列天线的H面内，为平板阵列天线H面做幅度加权分布；
    所述波导功分器连接在反射侧边的一端，并位于平板阵列天线的E面内，为平板阵列天线E面做等幅分布；
    所述天线辐射单元包括矩形波导，及与矩形波导正交组装的介质格栅。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的平板阵列天线，其特征在于，所述波导功分器为波导长宽比不小于30的超模波导功分器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的平板阵列天线，其特征在于，所述天线辐射单元中的矩形波导为金属棒插入腔体壁进行安装后形成的空腔结构，所述介质格栅正交插在空腔结构的开口上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的平板阵列天线，其特征在于，所述矩形波导为平行并排的多个，各矩形波导的开口呈喇叭状。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的平板阵列天线，其特征在于，所述天线辐射单元采用塑料成型和表面镀层工艺制得，首先利用模具成型相应形状的矩形波导、介质格栅和腔体壁，然后在成型的矩形波导、介质格栅和腔体壁表面镀上一层金属，最后组装成型即可。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的平板阵列天线，其特征在于，平板反射器上的各平滑过渡点根据波导功分器各功分枝节的相位来确定，为各功分枝节提供相同相位的波。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的平板阵列天线，其特征在于，用于10GHz～100GHz的频率范围。
PCT/CN2014/082788 2014-05-04 2014-07-23 平板阵列天线 WO2015168989A1 (zh)

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