WO2015159278A1 - Système et procédé de stockage d'énergie haute capacité avec deux fluides - Google Patents

Système et procédé de stockage d'énergie haute capacité avec deux fluides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015159278A1
WO2015159278A1 PCT/IL2014/051062 IL2014051062W WO2015159278A1 WO 2015159278 A1 WO2015159278 A1 WO 2015159278A1 IL 2014051062 W IL2014051062 W IL 2014051062W WO 2015159278 A1 WO2015159278 A1 WO 2015159278A1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
energy
colloidal
power
receptacle
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PCT/IL2014/051062
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English (en)
Inventor
Yuval Broshy
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Yuval Broshy
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Publication of WO2015159278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015159278A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/10—Kind or type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/42—Storage of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems and methods for energy storage, and more specifically, to systems and methods for using pumped fluid energy storage.
  • Pumped hydro-storage generally entails releasing water from a higher elevation to a lower elevation at times when the production of electrical power is desired.
  • the released water may be provided to a turbine generator to generate electricity.
  • water is pumped back to the higher elevation when the storage of energy is desired.
  • colloidal fluid as the energy medium with additional secondary fluid as the working medium.
  • Usage of high specific gravity colloidal fluid provides space saving, efficient and economical way for renewable energy manufacturers and power utilities to store excessive electrical energy that is generated during low demand periods, as well as supplement electricity generation capacity for use during times of peak loads. Accordingly, power utilities may make better use of renewable energy power and may avoid the financial, social, environmental and cost impacts associated with building larger water pumped storage facilities, expensive hazardous chemical batteries, new power plants and support infrastructure. Also great flexibility in construction site location allow placing the storage near the users and increase grid use flexibility and minimization of transmission losses.
  • a pumped colloidal fluid energy storage system includes at least one accumulation storage reservoir located at high elevation that includes at least one dual use inlet/outlet and at least one accumulation storage reservoir located at a same or at a lower elevation that includes at least one dual use inlet/outlet, further including fluidly communication between them, at least one energy exchange receptacle that in some embodiments of the invention have generally parallel walls with elongated shape and in other embodiments have an arbitrary shape.
  • the energy exchange receptacle may be located at a much lower elevation then the colloidal fluid storage reservoir and may have at least one inlet and one outlet.
  • receptacle Inside said receptacle, in some embodiments, may be a free, movable, suspended (having neutral buoyancy) partitioning apparatus that separates between a colloidal fluid chamber and a working fluid chamber to avoid mixing.
  • the colloidal fluid For power production the colloidal fluid is allowed to flow into one side of the receptacle and press the working fluid out of the other side towards the power producing device.
  • the working fluid completely fills the working fluid chamber and is in fluid communication with at least one apparatus which converts its pressured flow into power. Suitable conveying means output said power to consumers.
  • at least one pump to return the working fluid from its reservoir into the receptacle and presses back the colloidal fluid into its higher elevation reservoir. This is done by utilizing access external power source during low demand hours of the consumers.
  • the power producing device is assumed to be a turbine generator. It should be appreciated that other power producing devices may be used.
  • systems and methods for using pumped colloidal fluid energy storage comprises, determining the power supply capacity of the power generating apparatus and the load demanded by the power users via an energy distribution center.
  • the systems and methods also include detecting the status of the load demand and changing the power output of the generating apparatus by controlling the flow rate of the fluids or by controlling the specific gravity of the colloidal fluid or both in conjunction.
  • Colloidal fluid meaning finely divided solid particles carried, lifted and agitated by a stream of fluid or by virtue of having self- fluidity capabilities or rheological attributes.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram describing an embodiment of pumped colloidal fluid energy storage system with secondary fluid as the working fluid, in accordance with embodiments of the invention
  • Fig. 2 depicts a system for storing and producing power according to embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 3A depicts a system for storing and using stored energy using dual fluid arrangement, according to embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 3B depicts a system constructed and operative according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3C depicts a system constructed and operative according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 depicts a system constructed and operative according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 depicts an energy storage and production system according to embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 schematically depicts a system for storage and production of energy according to embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 schematically depicts a system for storing and producing power according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 depicts a system constructed and operative according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 depicts a system constructed and operative according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 depicts a preferred embodiment of a partitioning apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • Systems and methods in accordance with the present disclosure are directed to embodiments of pumped colloidal fluid energy storage having two fluids.
  • energy is accumulated using colloidal fluid by relying on its high specific gravity, to accumulate large amounts of potential energy with relatively small occupied volume.
  • Said energy accumulation is achieved by positioning a first fluid, which is a colloidal fluid, in a reservoir in a first elevation that is higher than the elevation where the stored energy is converted into another form of energy, such as mechanical energy, electrical energy and the like.
  • a power generating apparatus and a second fluid, hereinafter the working fluid may be located at the energy conversion location.
  • the working fluid may be stored in a first receptacle.
  • the colloidal fluid is released from the first elevation to the energy exchange (first) receptacle in the second elevation.
  • the potential energy stored in the colloidal fluid is converted into kinetic energy as the colloidal fluid runs to the lower elevation. That kinetic energy may be transferred to the working fluid.
  • the energized working fluid may pass through the power generating apparatus to produce power and from there the exhausted working fluid may run into a second [reservoir] receptacle.
  • the use of the colloidal fluid to store energy and the working fluid to convert the stored energy to mechanical energy prevents undesired effects of direct use of a colloidal fluid at the power generating apparatus, such as erosion of the apparatus parts, erosion of the pump, wear of the valves and of the conduits and other vital parts. This reduces the system's wear and tear while maintaining high energy density figure compared with that of water, which is widely used in hydropower plants.
  • the colloidal fluid may comprise of, but not limited to, a carrier base fluid, particles of heavy specific gravity materials and surfactant material to form a topology of uniformly dispersed particles in the fluid and prevent sinking of the heavy particles in the colloidal fluid.
  • Self-fluidly materials solids which behave like fluids when piled up
  • powders of certain elements e.g., ash, carbon black, nanotubes etc.
  • colloidal fluids are well known in the art and differ from each other by their composition and attributes.
  • such fluid can be made with kerosene as the base fluid with nanoparticles of magnetite as the heavy particles and oleic acid as the surfactant material mixed in a chemical process, 80% Kerosene with 15% magnetite and 5% Oleic acid [by volume] to create a fluid having specific gravity of 1.45, which is 75% heavier than the original base fluid.
  • a fluid having specific gravity of 1.45 which is 75% heavier than the original base fluid.
  • water based colloidal fluid comprising of 68% water with 25% magnetite and 7% surfactant will form a fluid with specific gravity of 1.99 which is 99% heavier than the original water, giving the system the capability to store 99% more potential energy per volume unit.
  • the colloidal fluid can be based on any known fluid, such as, but not limited to, water, seawater, hydrocarbons, polymer fluids, natural oils, resins, air and gases or any of their combinations thereof.
  • the heavy particles can be of any size, such as, but not limited to, single molecules, nanoparticles, micro-size particles, macro size particles or any of their combinations thereof.
  • a typical colloidal fluid for some embodiments may have particles with sizes ranging from 3 to 45 microns.
  • the heavy particles can be made from any of the elements or their compositions thereof.
  • Materials that can be readily found in nature have the advantage of price and environmental friendliness, such as, but not limited to, Hematite, Magnetite, Ilmenite and other Ferrite-oxides that are in abundance and suitable for the described embodiments.
  • Other heavy elements and compounds such as, but not limited to, copper, brass, bronze, Lead, Tungsten, Tungsten-carbide, Manganese, Chrome, Cobalt and nickel may be used with some advantages due to their high specific gravity and metallic attributes.
  • None-metallic materials such as, but not limited to, Flint rock, Granite, Silica, Basalt, glass, concrete and Quartz may show some advantages in cost and low environmental impact.
  • Ferromagnetic and paramagnetic particles may have some advantage when using magnetic fields for flow control and power production. All of the above mentioned materials or their mixtures may be used in certain embodiments of the invention as homogeneous or none homogeneous mixture of particles.
  • the working fluid may be, but not limited to, any known fluid, such as, water, seawater, hydrocarbons, polymer fluids, natural oils, resins, air and gases or any of their combinations thereof. Fluids with low specific gravity are more desirable in order to maximize efficiency of the power conversion and of output power capacity.
  • colloidal fluid In addition to space saving attributes the use of colloidal fluid have further advantages over stored water or other systems using relatively low specific gravity fluids. It enables working with higher pressure difference even at low elevation differences and reduction of the required size of the turbine or fluid motor that is used to power the generator. As will be apparent from the description hereinbelow, usage of high specific gravity fluid as the energy source may cause the working fluid to move faster per volume unit of fluid compared for example with the most used fluid- plane water in a conventional hydro plant. Smaller apparatus may achieve savings in infrastructure expenditures, apparatus's cost, installation cost, spare parts cost, ease of maintenance and smaller environmental impact. Furthermore the colloidal fluid and working fluid may be formulated in accordance with specific conditions and requirements such as, but not limited to, subzero temperatures that otherwise prevent the use of water, design of working point versus cost to meet any desired needs, etc.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram describing an embodiment of pumped colloidal fluid energy storage system 100 with secondary fluid as the working fluid, in accordance with embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is shown in its fully loaded state, where the effective potential energy is given by the formula (HI * Mcl * g) - ( H2 * Mwf * g) , where HI , H2, denote the average height of the centers of gravity between start and finish of the involved fluids in the power producing phase and Mcl and Mwf are the mass of the colloidal fluid and the working fluid, respectively.
  • the used volume of both fluids is identical but the colloidal fluid essentially has a much higher specific gravity then that of the working fluid so net power can be extracted.
  • the weight of a partitioning apparatus which will be described in details herein below, has been ignored due to its relatively small size and negligible influence.
  • Pumped fluid storage system 100 may comprise a first storage reservoir 101 having a dual mode inlet-outlet 101A and colloidal fluid 102, a second storage reservoir 103 for working fluid 104 at the same or at a lower elevation of the first reservoir, having an inlet and outlet.
  • Energy exchange receptacle 105 may comprise a free, movable partitioning apparatus 106 which is adapted to separate between the two fluids and to move along receptacle 105 as the amounts of each of the first and the second fluids in receptacle 105 changes.
  • Partitioning apparatus 106 may be in suspension (i.e., having neutral buoyancy) between the two fluids inside receptacle 105.
  • Pumped fluid storage system 100 may further comprise working fluid pressure pipe 107 in fluid communication with the outlet of energy exchange receptacle 105, with power producing apparatus 108 and with pump 109.
  • colloidal fluid may be stored in reservoir 101 and the majority of the working fluid may be stored in energy exchange receptacle 105, and all valves may be in their closed position.
  • Energy exchange receptacle 105 may comprise some residue 128 of colloidal fluid 102.
  • power distribution and control center 110 which is the main electrical power switching and transformation subsystem which is connected to the generator, pump and external power grid, gets a request for power, for example from the general external public electric grid 111 which may control power users and manufacturers 112 including renewable power sources 113.
  • Control center 110 signals colloidal fluid's main valve
  • Power producing apparatus 108 may be a turbine, hydrodynamic induction generator, or any kind of fluid motor that produces electrical, mechanical or thermodynamical power.
  • the power apparatus is shown here by way of example as a turbine coupled to an electrical generator 117 that is adapted to produce electrical power. Electrical power may be conveyed via power lines 118 to power distribution and control center 110.
  • the power produced by system 100 may be regulated by proportionally adjusting the flow of the colloidal fluid using valve 114, or, by controlling the flow of the working fluid using proportional adjustment of main valve 1 15. Exhausted working fluid 104 leaves turbine 108 to fill reservoir 103.
  • the power distribution and control unit 110 using computing unit with dedicated software, is adapted to continuously perform comparison between the external demanded for power and output power from generator 117 and to instruct the system's controlling computer 116 what the output power level should be.
  • Interchangeably controlling computer 116 compares between the external incoming excess power and the energy storage reservoir loading progress. At the end of the power producing phase all valves are closed.
  • main valve 114 may be replaced by a magnetic field valve device, having permanent magnets or live current magnets.
  • System 100 may be provided with multitude of sensors to enhance controllability.
  • the sensors may include, but not limited to, colloidal fluid reservoir level sensor 121, working fluid reservoir level sensor 122, flow meters 123, 124, pressure sensor 125, and power meter 126.
  • All sensors may be connected and may provide feedback of the system's state to controlling computer 116.
  • a subsystem may be provided, for collecting sunken particles 128, comprising shaped bottom 127 in the energy exchange receptacle and bottom connected flushing pipe 129 having a shut valve 130 which may be opened from time to time to flush clean the energy exchange receptacle and press back the recycled particles to reservoir 101.
  • an opening of receptacle 105 to the external air via additional pipe 131 may be added to communicate air between the energy exchange receptacle 105 and the surrounding atmosphere.
  • External air may enter or exit the system through filter 132 and control valve 133.
  • This arrangement may enhance the controllability and efficiency of system 100 by letting a defined quantity of colloidal fluid to enter the upper chamber of energy exchange receptacle 105 and continue the movement down by letting air in, to prevent vacuum lock or slowdown.
  • This kind of operation allows power producing profile with a fixed colloidal fluid weight load on the working fluid.
  • turbine 108, generator 117 and pump 109 may be replaced by a single dual-mode apparatus (not shown) that can function alternately as either turbine-generator or pump-motor. Then the working fluid reservoir may have only one dual mode inlet-outlet.
  • the turbine and pump may be of the constant speed type or the variable speed type.
  • mounting the turbine, the generator and the pump on a common single shaft in order to achieve minimum loss of efficiency, smaller footprint and simplification of the apparatuses may be advantageous as they all will be able to work simultaneously in what is known in the art as "hydraulic short circuit" to achieve extremely short reaction times. It may also reduce facility size, Initial cost and operational cost.
  • the system's pump may be directly coupled mechanically, hydraulically or electrically to a renewable source energy provider like, wind turbine, solar power, or wave and tidal power, in order to reduce the number of components and save cost. It will eliminate the need for devices to bring the power output of the renewable source to the standards used in the external grid and will enable to operate directly under the varied conditions often associated with renewable sources output.
  • the energy exchange receptacle can have an elongated curved tube shape to fit any required topography (for example banana like, S shaped etc.).
  • energy exchange receptacle 105 and other components can be placed in any type of surroundings 134 such as, but not limited to, underground, sunk in a body of water, part of a concrete structure or as a free standalone structure.
  • FIG. 2 depicts system 200 for storing and producing power according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • System 200 and the way it operates are generally similar to those described with reference to Fig. 1 , with the exception of having the energy exchange receptacle 205 positioned in an arbitrary angle, different from upright. This variation may increase potential energy when the available total elevation height for installing energy exchange receptacle 205 is limited so that receptacle 205 may not be installed upright. Such installation may simplify production and construction of the system by reducing the receptacle's surrounding profile height and reducing the needed structural strength and civil works.
  • An example for such positioning may be, but not limited to, putting receptacle 205 on the slope of a hill or on the sloping ocean's floor etc.
  • the horizontal arrangement may simplify the power producing and pumping apparatus, shown here for example as a dual mode turbine-generator / pump-motor and the control systems and may reduce cost.
  • FIG. 3A depicts system 300A for storing and using stored energy using dual fluid arrangement, according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • System 300A is generally similar to system 100 described hereinabove in reference to Fig. 1, with the variation of having the working fluid pressure pipe 107 connected to feed pipe 207 located within the energy exchange receptacle 305. This variation may simplify production and construction of the system by eliminating the need to drill additional holes other than the one for 305.
  • Fig. 3B depicts system 300B constructed and operative according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • System 300B is generally similar to system 100 described in reference to Fig. 1, apart from two dissimilarities, marked as A and B in the drawing.
  • Dissimilarity A presents an extended feed pipe 207 located within energy exchange receptacle 3050 and fluidly connected to the colloidal fluid reservoir 101 ;
  • dissimilarity B- shows working fluid's pressure pipe 107 that is fluidly connected to the top of the energy exchange receptacle 3050.
  • colloidal fluid 102 is located at the bottom of receptacle 3050 and working fluid 104 is located above it in receptacle 3050.
  • both “soft start” and “black start” options are desirable.
  • a system can be built with two receptacles side by side. One is built as in Fig. 3A and one is built as in Fig. 3B and both are adapted to drive the same turbine generator and pump. An operator of the combined system can choose, either manually or automatically, which of the two will produce power at any given moment. Furthermore both options could be incorporated into a single energy exchange receptacle as described with reference to Fig. 3C.
  • System 300C comprises one energy exchange receptacle 3500 that is adapted to operate in one of two modes: first mode: starting power production with low pressure and ending power production with high pressure, i.e. "soft start”; and second mode: starting power production with high pressure and ending power production with low pressure, i.e. "black start”. According to embodiments of the present invention switching from the first mode to the second mode is possible at any time during power production.
  • Energy exchange receptacle 3500 with parallel reasonably smooth walls, is provided with top chamber inlet 306 fluidly connected to proportional shut valve 307 and bottom chamber inlet feed pipe 308 fluidly connected to proportional shut valve 309. Top inlet 306 and bottom inlet 308 may be in fluid communication with reservoir 301. Energy exchange receptacle 3500 may be fitted with at least three outlets bottom outlet 311 , middle 312 and top outlet 313, which are connected to working fluid's pressure pipe 310. Each of outlets 311 , 312 and 313 may have its corresponding shut valve 314, 315, 316.
  • Working fluid pressure pipe 310 is in fluid communication with the outlets of the energy exchange receptacle 3500 and with a power producing apparatus 319 via main valve 320. It is also in fluid communication with pump 321 to enable pumping of working fluid back into receptacle 3500.
  • colloidal fluid 302 may be stored in reservoir 301 and working fluid 304 may be stored in energy exchange receptacle 3500 and all valves are closed. In the top and bottom chambers of receptacle 3500 some residues of the colloidal fluid 302 may be present.
  • power distribution and control center 322 may receive a request for power from the external public electric grid 323 which may connect power users and manufacturers 324 including renewable power sources 325.
  • signal to open is issued to one of the colloidal fluid's main valves 307 or 309 and to the working fluid's main valve 320.
  • Signal to open is also issued to one of the receptacle's outlet valves.
  • the system will open main valve 307 together with outlet valve 315.
  • valve 314 can also be used.
  • to get into "black start” mode valves 309 and 315 will be opened.
  • valve 316 can also be used.
  • All control calculations and commands may be done by controlling computer 326 that has dedicated software saved on a non- transitory storage medium, and respective control lines.
  • the colloidal fluid presses down the top partitioning apparatus 317, or, up the bottom partitioning apparatus, as the case may be, and in turn presses the working fluid 304 through the respective outlet valve, causing the rise of the working fluid in the fluidly connected pressure pipe 310.
  • the pressurized working fluid flows through main valve 320 to power producing apparatus 319.
  • Power producing apparatus 319 may be, but is not limited to, a turbine or any other kind of fluid motor that is adapted to produce electrical, mechanical or thermodynamic power.
  • the power apparatus is shown here by way of example as a turbine coupled to electrical generator 327 that produces electrical power.
  • Electrical power may be conveyed via power lines 328 to power distribution and control center 322.
  • the production of the power may be regulated by proportionally adjusting the position of valves 307 or 309, as the case may be, or by proportional adjustment of main valve 320.
  • Exhausted working fluid leaves power producing apparatus 319 to fill reservoir 303.
  • the power distribution and control center 322, using computers with dedicated software, is adapted to perform continuous comparison between the external power demand and the output power from generator 327 and to instruct controlling computer 326 what the output power level should be.
  • power distribution and control center 322 may continuously compare between the external incoming excess power and the energy storage reservoir loading progress.
  • the excess power may be directed by power distribution and control center 322 via power lines 329 to drive pump 321.
  • the working fluid's valve 320 may then be closed and simultaneously valve 307 and either valve 314 or 315 may be opened, depending on the location of the top and bottom partitioning apparatuses 317, 318.
  • Fluid 304 may be pumped from reservoir 303 through non return valve 330 to pressure pipe 310 and into the energy exchange receptacle 3500, pressing top partitioning apparatus 317 that in turn presses the colloidal fluid 302 back to its reservoir to be stored.
  • valve 307 When top partitioning apparatus 317 reaches its topmost position, valve 307 may be closed and valve 309 may be opened together with valve 316, to enable fluid 304 which is pumped into energy exchange receptacle 3500 to press bottom partitioning apparatus 318 down. It in turn presses colloidal fluid 302 from the bottom portion back to its reservoir through pipe 308 to be stored for next power production cycle. At the end of the storage phase all valves are closed.
  • System 300C may be provided with multitude of sensors to enhance controllability.
  • the sensors may include, but are not limited to, colloidal fluid reservoir level sensor 331, working fluid reservoir level sensor 332, flow meters 333,334, pressure sensor 335, and power meter 336.
  • the sensors may be connected and provide feedback of the system's state to controlling computer 326.
  • subsystem 300D may be provided, for collecting sunken particles 338, comprising a shaped bottom 337 in energy exchange receptacle 3500 and flushing pipe 339 having a shut valve 340 that may be opened from time to time to flush clean the energy exchange receptacle and press back the recycled particles to reservoir 301.
  • FIG. 4 depicts system 400, constructed and operative according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • System 400 is shown in a fully loaded state.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 may take out the constrains on shape of the energy exchange receptacle, reduce the total storage volume needed for both fluids during the system operation and may have higher energy efficiency by using working fluid also as an energy providing fluid.
  • System 400 may utilize an existing neutral or man made cavity 409 in the ground as an energy exchange receptacle.
  • System 400 may reduce site size, vessels size, amount of construction work and total required investment.
  • the effective potential energy PEEFFE C TI V E may be expressed by
  • HI, H2, H3 denote the change in average height of the centers of gravity between start and finish of the power producing phase
  • Mcl and Mwf are the mass of the colloidal fluid and working fluid, respectably.
  • the used volume of both fluids is identical but colloidal fluid 407 essentially has a much higher specific gravity then that of working fluid 408 so net power can be produced.
  • the colloidal fluid should have both, total higher specific gravity and higher base fluid specific gravity then that of the working fluid, i.e. the working fluid must be able to free float on the base fluid of the colloidal fluid even without the particles.
  • System 400 may comprise storage reservoir 401 having a top inlet 402, middle outlet 403, bottom outlet 404 and auxiliary bottom inlet 405.
  • Storage reservoir 401 may comprise a free, movable suspended (having neutral buoyancy) partitioning apparatus 406 that divides the available space of reservoir 401 to two complementary chambers - top chamber 406A and bottom chamber 406B, which may change their volume according to the actual volume of the colloidal fluid and the actual volume of the working fluid inside reservoir 401.
  • Energy exchange receptacle 409 may have arbitrary closed shape volume that may be used for exchanging energy from colloidal fluid 407 to the working fluid 408.
  • Reservoir 409 can be, but is not limited to, manmade, for example mine shaft, rigid vessel or flexible bladder, or natural cavity like a mountain cave.
  • Energy exchange receptacle 409 may comprise, or be provided with two dual mode inlet-outlet pipes 410 and 412.
  • Pipe 410 extends to just next to the bottom of reservoir 409, in fluid communication with colloidal fluid storage reservoir bottom outlet 404 through proportional valve 411.
  • Pressure pipe 412 is connected at the top point 413 of energy exchange receptacle 409 and is in fluid communication with main proportional valve 414 and with the power producing apparatus 415.
  • Unidirectional filter 416 is mounted on the pressure pipe 412 to prevent particles from reaching the power apparatus.
  • pump 417 to pump the working fluid from outlet 403 of the storage reservoir through shut valve 418 back into the energy exchange receptacle through non-return valve 419 and pipe 412.
  • colloidal fluid 407 is stored in a higher elevation in reservoir 401 and working fluid 408 is in receptacle 409. In both receptacles also present some residue of the other fluid.
  • power distribution and control center 420 may receive a request for power from the external public electric grid 421 which may connect power users and manufacturers 422 including renewable power sources 423.
  • External public electric grid 421 through power distribution and control center 420 signals main valve 411 of colloidal fluid 407 and main valve 414 of working fluid 408, via controlling computer 424, that may execute dedicated software stored thereon, and via control lines, to open and allow the colloidal fluid 407 to flow down to fill energy exchange receptacle 409.
  • colloidal fluid 407 presses up the lighter working fluid 408 which causes the rise of the working fluid in the fluidly connected pressure pipe 412.
  • the pressurized working fluid flows through main control valve 414 which is adjusted to feed power producing apparatus 415.
  • Power producing apparatus 415 is shown here by way of example, but not limited to, as a turbine coupled to electrical generator 425 that is adapted to produce electrical power.
  • Produced power may be conveyed via power lines 426 to the power distribution and control center 420.
  • the produced power may be regulated by proportionally adjusting the position of main valve 411 or by controlling the flow of the working fluid using proportional adjustment of main valve 414.
  • Exhausted working fluid that leaves turbine 415 may fill reservoir 401 top chamber 406A through inlet 402.
  • Power distribution and control unit 420 may perform continuous comparison between the external demanded for power and the actual output power produced by generator 425 and may instruct the system's controlling computer 424 what the output power level should be. Interchangeably, control unit 420 may compare between the external incoming excess power and the energy storage reservoir loading progress.
  • outlet 403 position on reservoir 401 should be above the height of the partitioning apparatus 406 when the colloidal fluid is fully loaded and some residual working fluid must be present to cover the outlet mouth at all times.
  • the upper face of the working fluid 435 will always be above the outlet because the volume of leaving working fluid always equals the volume of entering colloidal fluid.
  • System 400 may be provided with multitude of sensors to enhance controllability.
  • the sensors may include, but not limited to, colloidal fluid reservoir level sensor 428, flow meters 429, 430, pressure sensor 431 , and power meter 432. All sensors may be connected to controlling computer 424 and provide feedback of the system's state.
  • subsystem 400A may be provided, for collecting sunken particles comprising flushing pipe 433 having a shut valve 434. This valve may be opened from time to time to flush clean the energy exchange receptacle and press back the recycled particles to the reservoir through inlet 405.
  • System 400 may be used in conjunction with storage of hydrocarbon fuel which is usually stored in large vessels near power stations. It will give the power station the benefit of dual use of an already existing fluid storage.
  • Fig. 5 depicts energy storage and production system 500, according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • System 500 is shown in the loaded state.
  • System 500 may comprise the same main components and operate as described hereinabove in reference to Fig. 1, however the colloidal fluid storage reservoir and work fluid reservoir are omitted.
  • the system may make use of a fixed quantity of colloidal fluid trapped in a moveable chamber 501 within receptacle 555 that is formed between two free, movable suspended (having neutral buoyancy) partitioning apparatuses 502, 503.
  • the working fluid in the bottom chamber 504 is pressed by the weight of the colloidal fluid through pressure pipe 505 to turn the power producing apparatus 506 and then return directly to the receptacle's top chamber 507.
  • the colloidal fluid trapped in moveable chamber 501 operates as a moveable weight, the potential energy of which is usable for storing and producing power.
  • the working fluid's weight when entering to the top chamber 507 of receptacle 555 automatically compensates for the increasing working fluid' s net pressure column as the colloidal fluid moves downward.
  • pump 508 may pump the working fluid from top chamber 507 back to the bottom chamber 504 and press the partitioning apparatuses and trapped colloidal fluid in chamber 501 back to the top elevation position to be ready for another cycle of power production.
  • a small compensation tank 509 for colloidal fluid may be added to compensate for fluid loses and to enable change of the relation of quantities between the quantity of working fluid and the quantity of colloidal fluid in order to achieve better tuning of the system. This may be done by opening valve 510 and letting some colloidal fluid to flow into chamber 501 while simultaneously opening drain valve 511 and letting some work fluid out or vice versa.
  • colloidal fluids by nature have limitation on the proportions between the ingredients comprised in the fluid.
  • the limitation arises from the nature and attributes of each of the involved materials, the way the fluid is formed and the combined attributes of the mixture. Therefore, such limitation on the quantity of heavy particles in the fluid also set an upper limit on its specific gravity and thus on its capability to accumulate potential energy.
  • the minimal specific gravity of the colloidal fluid will be the specific gravity of the base fluid when the quantity of particles in it is set to zero.
  • the maximum achievable specific gravity will be the sum of each of the fluid's component volume multiplied by its respective specific gravity and divided by the total volume of the fluid.
  • This maximum achievable specific gravity will always be lower than the specific gravity of the particles themselves and the difference represents loss of energy storage potential in a given volume, i.e., loss of volumetric efficiency. This in turn may cause an increase of the required space occupied by the system and may reduce economic feasibility.
  • FIG. 6 schematically depicts system 600 for storage and production of energy, according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • System 600 enables getting closer to a theoretical maximum of stored particles mass in a given volume which comprises of only the particles themselves and the attached surfactant without base fluid. Such system will have maximum energy storage capability in a given volume and may reduce overall size and cost per-unit of stored energy.
  • a method is disclosed for dynamically controlling the specific gravity of the colloidal fluid at any given moment in order to achieve maximum efficiency of the power generating apparatus.
  • System 600 comprise storage reservoir 601 having an inlet and outlet, colloidal slurry 602 having minimal amount of base fluid, agitating mixer 603 and compensation vessel 604 with working fluid 605 (which is also the base fluid) having an inlet and two outlets.
  • Energy exchange receptacle 606 having an inlet and outlet which is at a lower elevation then reservoir 601.
  • Energy exchange receptacle 606 can be in any configuration of connections and arrangements as discussed in any of the other embodiments of the invention. For clarity Fig. 6 depicts one of the many options.
  • System 600 may further comprise, inside receptacle 606, free, movable suspended (neutral buoyancy) partitioning apparatus 607.
  • System 600 further comprising working fluid pressure pipe 608 in fluid communication with the energy exchange receptacle 606 and a power producing apparatus 609.
  • Power producing apparatus 609 may have particles filtering unit 610 and main valve 611.
  • Pump 612 is adapted to pump the working fluid back into the receptacle, on the inlet side it is in fluid communication with the first outlet 613 of the working fluid compensation vessel 604 through valve 614, on the outlet side it fiuidly communicates with pressure pipe 608 and energy exchange receptacle 606 through check valve 615.
  • a second outlet 616 of the compensation vessel 604 is in fluid communication with the colloidal fluid's pressure pipe 617 through valve 618 and check valve 619.
  • a dosing apparatus 620 is provided at the bottom outlet of the colloidal slurry reservoir 601 in fluid communication with pipe 617.
  • System 600 further comprises separation device 621 capable of separating the surfactant coated particles from the base fluid in a continuous none-destructive way, such as but not limited to, variable filter, cyclone separation tank, magnetic field separation device, centrifuge and the like.
  • Separation device 621 may comprise an inlet in fluid communication with pipe 636 through valve 622, a first outlet in fluid communication with compensation vessel 604 to provide separated work fluid and a second outlet with colloidal fluid reservoir 601 to provide separated particles.
  • colloidal slurry with minimal quantity of base fluid is stored in the higher elevation reservoir 601 and the working fluid is in energy exchange receptacle 606 and in compensation vessel 604 with all valves closed. In energy exchange receptacle 606 some residue of the colloidal fluid 623 may present.
  • a power generating phase power distribution and control center 624 may receive a request for power from an external electric grid 625 which connects power users and manufacturers 626 including renewable power sources 627.
  • the request for power may invoke issuance of a signal to working fluid's valve 618 and main valve 611, via controlling computer 628, that executes dedicated software and via respective control lines, to open and allow working fluid 605 to flow through pipe 617.
  • Simultaneously dosing apparatus 620 may be activated to dose slurry of particles into the working fluid to form a colloidal fluid and create a flow down to energy exchange receptacle 606.
  • the colloidal fluid presses up the partitioning apparatus 607 and in turn the working fluid 605 through pressure pipe 608.
  • the pressurized working fluid flows through main valve 611 to the power producing apparatus 609.
  • power producing apparatus 609 is presented as a turbine coupled to an electrical generator that produces electrical power. Power may be conveyed to the power distribution and control center 624 and from there to the grid users.
  • the power may be regulated by proportionally adjusting the dosing of colloidal slurry or by adjusting the position of main valve 611.
  • Power distribution and control center 624 may perform continuous comparison between the external demanded power and output power of system 600 and instruct the system's controlling computer 628 what the output power level should be. Interchangeably, power distribution and control center 624 may compare between the external incoming excess power and the energy storage reservoir loading progress. At the end of power producing phase all valves in the system are closed.
  • control computer 628 is directed by the power distribution and control center 624 to open valves 614, 622 and operate pump 612. Fluid 605 is then pumped from vessel 604 through non return valve 615 to pressure pipe 608 and into energy exchange receptacle 606, pressing the partitioning apparatus 607 that in turn presses the colloidal fluid 623 via pipe 636 to the separation device 621.
  • the colloidal fluid is separated to particles slurry which is directed to reservoir 601 and to working fluid which flows to vessel 604 and from there it is pumped into receptacle 606. Both fluids are stored for next power production cycle.
  • System 600 may be provided with multitude of sensors to enhance controllability.
  • the sensors may include, but not limited to, colloidal slurry reservoir level sensor 629, working fluid level sensor 629 A, flow meters 630, 631, pressure sensor 632, and power meter 633. All of the sensors may be connected to control computer 628 and may provide feedback of the system' s state. Furthermore, a subsystem 600A may be provided, for collecting sunken particles, comprising flushing pipe 634 having a shut valve 635 which may be opened from time to time to flush clean the energy exchange receptacle and press back the recycled particles to reservoir 601.
  • System 700 comprises cable 701, or alternatively one of a wire, a chain and a belt, attached inside energy exchange receptacle 755 to a freely movable suspended partitioning apparatus 702 having seals on its outer rim, so that movement of partitioning apparatus 702 causes the movement (pull or release) of cable 701.
  • Outside receptacle 755, cable 701 is adapted wound on, or unwound from cable drum 703.
  • Drum 703 may communicate, mechanically or hydraulically, with generator- motor device 704.
  • System 700 further comprise air inlet-outlet pipe 705 with valve 706 and filter 707.
  • main valve 708 may be proportionally opened and colloidal fluid is released into chamber 709. Colloidal fluid presses partitioning apparatus 702 down which in turn, pulls cable 701 from drum 703. This causes drum 703 and generator to rotate and produce power. It also compresses the air from the bottom chamber 710 through pipe 705, valve 706 and filter 707 to the surrounding atmosphere. Fine tuning of the downward rate of motion may be also achieved by changing the discharge rate of valve 706. When this phase ends all valves are closed.
  • valves 708, 706 are fully opened, external power is supplied to motor (generator) 704 which turns the cable drum in the winding direction. Cable 701 pulls the partitioning apparatus 702 upwards together with the colloidal fluid which flow to its reservoir for next power production cycle. At phase end all valves are closed.
  • air compressor may be attached to pipe 705 to assist the lifting of the colloidal fluid during energy storage phase by pressing it from below.
  • a power storage and production system may have its lower elevation equipment under sea or in a deep mine underground and may have the upper storage reservoir and its associated devices in an above-the-surface structure.
  • the system may be implemented as above ground standalone towers.
  • FIG. 8 depicts system 800, constructed and operative according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • System 800 comprises multi- functions tower 850 and colloidal fluid energy storage and production system 820 having upper elevation colloidal fluid reservoir 801 with its associated devices (not shown), lower elevation working fluid reservoir 802 with its associated devices (not shown) and supporting tall structure 803 with sufficient height for accumulation of potential energy.
  • the lower reservoir 802 is shown here for example, below sea or ground surface 804, but the embodiment is not limited to such placement, and the lower reservoir can be constructed in any surroundings and at any position.
  • Wind turbine 805 and solar power devices 806 may be mounted externally on tower 803.
  • Solar power devices 806 may be mounted pivotally, to enable both pitch 807 and yaw 808 movements to follow the sun and provide maximum power. Power may be transferred to or from users via the power grid connections as previously described with respect to other embodiments (omitted here for simplification).
  • Energy exchange receptacle 809 is shown for example at a below surface position. Energy exchange receptacle 809 communicates energy from the colloidal fluid to the working fluid as described in other embodiments hereinabove.
  • the combined energy production of system 800 may be managed according to principles described herein above with respect to previous drawings.
  • renewable energy devices may be attached to the tower such as, but not limited to, wave or tidal devices natural streams hydropower etc.
  • the tower system can function as both energy storage and city water tower.
  • fresh water as the base fluid or as working fluid and nonhazardous surfactant and particles.
  • inlet and filtered outlet to the upper reservoir externally connected by pipes to the city water system. It will function normally as any regular water tower.
  • System 900 may comprise plurality of higher elevation storage reservoirs 901, 902, 903 and centralized facility 950 at a lower elevation wherein all the main active devices, power production 904, pump 905 and controls (not shown here for simplification) may be located.
  • the upper elevation colloidal fluid reservoirs may contain in each location subsystems with the equipment as previously disclosed in the embodiments hereinabove (not shown in the drawing for simplification).
  • Each elevation may have its effective working height H e fi , H e f2, H e f3 that determines the potential energy stored therein.
  • Each of the storage locations may be connected by a feeding conduit 906, 907, 908 to main conduits that leads the colloidal fluid stream to the inlet of the energy exchange receptacle 909.
  • Working fluid coming out of the energy exchange receptacle as previously discussed in all embodiments hereinabove may power turbine generator 904 to produce power.
  • the exhausted working fluid from the turbine flows to the lower elevation reservoir facility 910 that may contain all the devices as previously disclosed in embodiments hereinabove (not shown in the drawing for simplification).
  • Pump 905 is adapted to pump the working fluid from the lower reservoir back to energy exchange receptacle 909 and press the colloidal fluid back up to each upper elevation reservoirs' locations through the individual conduit and valves 911, 912, 913 which are opened in sequence as needed.
  • the system has a controlling computer running dedicated control management software based on inputs from plurality of control sensors (not shown in the drawing for simplification).
  • a controlling computer running dedicated control management software based on inputs from plurality of control sensors (not shown in the drawing for simplification).
  • Partitioning unit 1000 is built to allow free movement inside its respective energy exchange receptacle and is generally shaped like a box, having a certain height and its cross section (marked I-I) is shaped to fit the shape of the inner cavity of the respective energy exchange receptacle. Partitioning unit 1000 is shown here for example having round cross section. It is built to be suspended between the two fluids by having neutral buoyancy. Partitioning apparatus 1000 may comprise first face 1001 and second face 1002 tightly connected by a circular ring-like wall 1003 to form a fluid proof box.
  • At least three guiding supporting structures 1004 may be fitted on each of the first face 1001 and second face 1002 with sliding pads or wheels 1005 which may be provided so as to ensure smooth running against the receptacle' s inner walls (not shown here for simplification) and provide support against skewing or flipping of apparatus 1000.
  • At least one wheel structure 1004 on each side of apparatus 1000 may have a flexible structure, either by spring mechanism 1006 as shown here for example, or by other means, e.g., flexible structural material, pneumatic cylinder etc., to provide pre-defined pressure against the inner wall of the receptacle and by that assure that all wheels are touching the walls and compensate for structural misalignments of the receptacle's walls.
  • seals and wipers 1007 mounted on the outside rim of apparatus 1000. They may be used to prevent passage of fluids from side to side of apparatus 1000 and wipe the receptacle's walls clean from colloidal particles. Seals 1007 may be made of, but not limited to, rubber, plastic, metal, fabric or any combination thereof. Upper floating adjustment boxes 1008 and bottom floating adjustment boxes 1009 may further be provided to enable fine tuning of the device buoyancy and achieve neutral suspended position between the fluids. Taking into consideration the different specific gravities of the two fluids, the boxes can be different in size, vacant, or filled with weights as conditions dictate.
  • the partitioning unit will have additional center hole with seals and wipers pressing against the outside wall of the pressure pipe.
  • magnets 1010 may be added to the device's rim to better catch runaway particles and steel debris. Magnets 1010 are shown here for example, but not limited to, arranged in a catenated arrangement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne de nouveaux systèmes et procédés de stockage d'énergie pompée, qui mettent en oeuvre un dispositif de stockage d'énergie avec fluide colloïdal comme support de stockage d'énergie haute capacité, et un fluide de travail comme milieu de transfert d'énergie. Le système assure une économie d'espace, une souplesse d'exécution et un moyen efficace et économique permettant aux producteurs d'énergies renouvelables et aux services publics d'électricité de stocker le surplus d'énergie électrique généré pendant les périodes de faible demande, ainsi que d'offrir une capacité de production d'électricité durant les périodes de charge maximale. Ainsi, les services publics d'électricité tirent un meilleur parti des systèmes d'énergies renouvelables et peuvent éviter les coûts liés aux conditions sociales et du milieu, ainsi que les impacts financiers associés aux grandes installations de stockage d'eau pompée des édifices, aux batteries chimiques onéreuses et sources de risques, aux nouvelles centrales électriques et infrastructures de l'énergie.
PCT/IL2014/051062 2014-04-13 2014-12-04 Système et procédé de stockage d'énergie haute capacité avec deux fluides WO2015159278A1 (fr)

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AU2017213583A1 (en) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-31 mukerji, saugato MR Solid Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Using Slurry
EP3489506A1 (fr) * 2017-11-23 2019-05-29 Plekorz, Bernhard Aménagement hydraulique à accumulation par pompage et procédé d'accumulation par pompage
KR20210008842A (ko) * 2018-04-16 2021-01-25 마젤란 앤드 바렌트스 에스.엘. 양수식 수력 에너지 발전 시스템 및 방법
WO2022213179A1 (fr) * 2021-04-09 2022-10-13 Hydrostor Inc. Liquide de compensation pour un système de stockage d'énergie à gaz comprimé
CN116568893A (zh) * 2020-07-17 2023-08-08 创新能源有限责任公司 用于储存或产生动力的流动密度流体置换

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GB2499007A (en) * 2012-02-02 2013-08-07 Impressive Engineering Ltd Underground energy storage well
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Cited By (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2017213583A1 (en) * 2017-07-05 2019-01-31 mukerji, saugato MR Solid Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Using Slurry
WO2019033177A1 (fr) * 2017-07-05 2019-02-21 Saugato Mukerji Hydro-pompage de solide
AU2017213583B2 (en) * 2017-07-05 2019-06-06 mukerji, saugato MR Solid Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Using Slurry
EP3489506A1 (fr) * 2017-11-23 2019-05-29 Plekorz, Bernhard Aménagement hydraulique à accumulation par pompage et procédé d'accumulation par pompage
KR20210008842A (ko) * 2018-04-16 2021-01-25 마젤란 앤드 바렌트스 에스.엘. 양수식 수력 에너지 발전 시스템 및 방법
JP2021522447A (ja) * 2018-04-16 2021-08-30 マゼラン アンド バレンツ， エス．エル．Ｍａｇｅｌｌａｎ ＆ Ｂａｒｅｎｔｓ， Ｓ．Ｌ． 揚水エネルギー貯蔵システム及び方法
JP7421814B2 (ja) 2018-04-16 2024-01-25 マゼラン アンド バレンツ， エス．エル． 揚水エネルギー貯蔵システム及び方法
KR102663650B1 (ko) * 2018-04-16 2024-05-08 마젤란 앤드 바렌트스 에스.엘. 양수식 수력 에너지 발전 시스템 및 방법
CN116568893A (zh) * 2020-07-17 2023-08-08 创新能源有限责任公司 用于储存或产生动力的流动密度流体置换
CN116568893B (zh) * 2020-07-17 2024-03-29 创新能源有限责任公司 用于储存或产生动力的流动密度流体置换
WO2022213179A1 (fr) * 2021-04-09 2022-10-13 Hydrostor Inc. Liquide de compensation pour un système de stockage d'énergie à gaz comprimé

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