WO2015158007A1

WO2015158007A1 - Device and method for controlling shaft pressure

Info

Publication number: WO2015158007A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/075732
Authority: WO
Inventors: 许卫平; 任红; 吴仲华; 韩来聚; 马清明; 温林荣
Original assignee: 中国石油化工集团公司; 中国石化集团胜利石油管理局钻井工艺研究院
Priority date: 2014-04-18
Filing date: 2014-04-18
Publication date: 2015-10-22

Abstract

A device and method for controlling a shaft pressure. The device comprises at least one measurement sensor and at least one pressure influence element that are mounted on a drill rod, and a controller used for controlling the pressure influence element. The measurement sensor sends a measured shaft parameter to the controller, and the controller controls the pressure influence element not to work or influence a pressure state of surrounding fluid according to the received shaft parameter. By using the method for controlling a shaft pressure by the device, first, a shaft state in the whole vertical direction can be acquired in real time according the detected shaft parameter, and then the controller controls the pressure influence element, so as to achieve unified and integrated control in the vertical direction of the shaft.

Description

Apparatus and method for controlling wellbore pressure

The present invention relates to the field of oil and gas development drilling technology, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for controlling wellbore pressure. Background technique

In order to achieve the goals of increasing the rate of mechanical drilling, reducing reservoir pollution, avoiding mud loss, increasing wellbore stability, and controlling overflow surges, controlling pressure drilling and well control technology has become a hot spot in drilling research at home and abroad.

The prior art HydroPukeTM pulse tool utilizes the opening and closing of the flow-circulating wide ceramic door to intermittently block the flow, applying an impact force to the drill bit to create a suction pressure pulse, which produces an inhalation pulse drilling effect.

In the prior art, a negative pressure pulse tool has been developed based on the principle of wall jet. The basic principle is: When the high-speed liquid flows through the nozzle to suck the liquid in the bypass, causing it to flow upward, at this time, the force of the valve is 靣Upper, the valve body is pushed downwards until it is closed, and due to the instantaneous interruption of the flow, a relatively negative pressure zone is generated near the bottom hole.

There are also Anderhammer tools in the prior art, which work on the principle that: the drilling fluid is diverted through the upper joint into the nozzle of the flow channel disc, a part of which enters the annulus of the bushing and the cylinder, and a part enters the stator bushing to drive the screw rotation. And continue down, merge with another part of the drilling fluid in the sleeve, and then enter the central shaft through the radial flow passage at the upper end of the rotating central shaft, flow to the upper disc valve, and the rotation of the upper disc ceramic makes the upper disc valve and the lower disc wide When the flow path is opened and closed, the liquid flow will be closed in this case, and the pressure will be released, thereby generating a pulse jet and a pulse pressure.

The above three tools can only affect the bottom pressure.

In recent years, more complex and more powerful controlled pressure drilling (MPD) technology and controlled drilling fluid cap (CMC) drilling have been developed for the problems that underbalanced drilling technology is difficult to solve in offshore drilling.弁 Technology. Controlled Pressure Drilling (MPD) technology is a new technology developed by underbalanced drilling (UBD) technology and power drilling technology. It uses closed drilling fluid circulation equipment to feed back data through hydraulic well simulation programs. Predicting the annulus pressure profile, allowing the automatic control of the pressure device to automatically adjust the section The flow is wide, producing a small amount of adjustment to precisely control the annulus pressure profile of the entire blink. Controlled Drilling Fluid Cap (CMC) Drill collar technology is a new development in the control of pressure drilling (MPD) technology in deepwater drill collar applications. It can be operated both as an open cycle unit and as a closed loop unit. The heavier drilling fluid adjusts the position of the drilling fluid cap in the riser through the underwater drilling fluid lift pump device to quickly and accurately adjust the bottom hole pressure.

There are three problems with these tools and equipment: First, some tools and equipment are directly driven by flowing drilling fluid. This method can only affect the bottom hole pressure. Second, it is necessary to occupy limited drilling equipment. The use of the cycle pressure, that is, while generating the pressure control effect, will inevitably lead to the reduction of the bit pressure drop, thereby affecting the bit water horsepower and hydraulic impact force, adversely affecting the rock breaking; third, once the drilling pump fails, or cycle Leakage of equipment (including marine casings), the wellbore pressure profile will change immediately, which can lead to complex conditions such as lost circulation, overflow, and collapse. Summary of the invention

As described above, the prior art has the following problems: First, the tool for controlling the pressure of the cylinder in the prior art can only affect the bottom hole pressure, and can not achieve uniform and overall control in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder; Secondly, the tools used in the prior art for controlling the pressure of the wellbore need to occupy a limited circulating pressure that can be utilized by the drilling equipment, which inevitably causes a decrease in the pressure drop of the drill bit, which adversely affects; again, once the drilling pump fails, or Leakage of circulating equipment (including marine casing), the wellbore pressure profile will change immediately, which may lead to complex conditions such as lost circulation, overflow, well collapse, etc., and the wellbore pressure control tools and methods in the prior art It is not possible to respond in a timely and effective manner.

Accordingly, the present invention proposes an apparatus for controlling the force of the cylinder which not only controls the pressure of the entire wellbore, but also does not rely on the mud circulation apparatus to function independently.

The present invention provides an apparatus for controlling wellbore pressure, comprising at least one measurement sensor mounted on a drill pipe and at least one pressure influencing element, and a controller for controlling the pressure influencing element, the measuring sensor The detected wellbore parameters are sent to the controller, and the controller controls the pressure influencing elements to be inoperative or affect the pressure state of the surrounding fluid based on the received wellbore parameters.

With the apparatus for controlling the pressure of the wellbore according to the present invention, firstly, according to the detected cylinder parameters, the state of the wellbore on the entire longitudinal side 1 can be controlled in real time, and then the pressure influencing element is controlled by the controller in the longitudinal direction of the wellbore Achieve unified, overall control. At the same time, the operation of the apparatus according to the present invention is independent of the mud circulation system, and does not require the consumption of hydraulic power to ensure the hydraulic force required for the drill bit. Preferably, the pressure influencing element comprises a first sub-portion and/or a second sub-portion capable of stopping and moving, the first sub-portion being movable in a first direction, the second sub-portion being capable of being in a second direction motion. By providing two sub-portions with different functions in the pressure influencing element, it is possible to flexibly influence the pressure state of the fluid around it. Through the coordination of the two sub-sections, the pressure can be controlled in one direction or two directions.

Preferably, when the wellbore parameter is displayed as a normal drilling B inch, the first sub-portion and/or the second sub-portion of the pressure influencing element are controlled by the controller; the wellbore parameters detected by the particular measuring sensor Displaying, as the occurrence of a lost circulation, controlling, by the controller, a first sub-portion of a pressure influencing element adjacent to the particular measurement sensor to move in a first direction; and/or a wellbore detected by a particular measurement sensor The parameter is shown to control the movement of the second sub-portion of the pressure influencing element adjacent to the particular measurement sensor in the second direction by the controller when an overflow occurs.

As can be seen, once the drill collar pump fails, or the circulation equipment leaks, the wellbore pressure profile will change immediately, which may lead to complex conditions such as occurrence of lost circulation, overflow, well collapse, etc., according to the present invention. The equipment can respond effectively and efficiently. Different solutions are adopted for different situations such as normal drilling, lost circulation and overflow. The fluid pressure is adjusted by the cooperation of the first sub-portion and the second sub-portion to counteract the damage caused by the lost circulation and overflow.

Preferably, when the first sub-portion of the pressure influencing element moves in the first direction, the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore and the formation fracture pressure is reduced, when the pressure affects the second component When the sub-portion moves in the second direction, the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore and the formation fracture pressure increases. By varying the difference, the effects caused by lost circulation or overflow can be mitigated or even eliminated.

Preferably, the first sub-portion of the pressure influencing element is adjusted by the controller according to a difference between a distance of the pressure influencing element from a point of occurrence of a leak or overflow and a flow rate of an annulus flow in the wellbore And/or the speed of movement and the time of movement of the second subsection. In order to implement more precise control, the purpose is clear, and the flexibility is flexible.

Preferably, the speed of movement of the first sub-portion and/or the second sub-portion of the pressure-influencing element is controlled by the controller as the pressure-influencing element is away from the point of occurrence of a lost or overflowed well Gradually reduce to zero. In this way, more precise control can be implemented with clear purpose and flexibility.

Preferably, the type of the sensor is a target pressure sensor, an ultrasonic sensor or a capacitive sensor. Thus, the apparatus according to the present invention can be used to detect a plurality of different wellbore parameters, which facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the wellbore state for the controller to make judgments and controls.

Preferably, the type of the first sub-portion and/or the second sub-portion of the pressure influencing element is a turbo pump, Axial flow pump, vane pump or plunger pump.

Preferably, the apparatus further includes guiding means for adjusting the direction of the drill bit, the controller issuing an instruction for the direction to the guiding device after determining the state of the wellbore based on parameters from the sensor. This also allows the entire drill pipe to be guided at the same time.

Preferably, the apparatus further includes an opening power and information transmission means for introducing external power, the apparatus being powered by the mouthpiece power and information transmission means. In this scenario, the entire plant operates with an independent power delivery system that operates unhindered even in the event of a downhole accident.

According to the present invention, the apparatus for controlling the pressure of the wellbore can not only control the pressure of the entire wellbore, but since the power of the measuring sensor and the pressure influencing element can be "into the outer bow, the operation of the apparatus according to the present invention does not depend on the mud. The cycle equipment has the deficiencies pointed out in the background art.

The invention also proposes a method of controlling wellbore pressure by means of the apparatus according to the invention, comprising the following steps:

Step a, setting the device for controlling the pressure of the wellbore;

Step b, pumping one or more muds from the mouth;

Step c, detecting the wellbore parameters by the measuring sensor;

Step d, according to the detected wellbore parameters, the controller controls the pressure influencing component to not work or affect the pressure state of the surrounding fluid.

Preferably, when the wellbore parameter is shown as being normally drilled, the first sub-portion and/or the second sub-portion of the pressure-influencing element is controlled by the controller; the wellbore parameter display detected by the particular measurement sensor For the occurrence of a lost circulation, the first sub-portion of the force-affecting element adjacent to the particular measurement sensor is controlled by the controller to move in a first direction; when the wellbore parameter detected by the particular measurement sensor is displayed as When an overflow occurs, the second sub-portion of the pressure influencing element adjacent to the particular measurement sensor is controlled by the controller to move in the second direction.

Preferably, when the first sub-portion of the pressure influencing element moves in the first direction, the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore and the formation fracture pressure is reduced, when the pressure affects the second component The sub-portion moves in the second direction, and the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore and the formation fracture pressure increases.

Preferably, the first sub-portion of the pressure influencing element is adjusted by the controller according to a difference between a distance of the pressure influencing element from a point of occurrence of a leak or overflow and a flow rate of an annulus flow in the wellbore And/or the speed of movement and the time of movement of the second subsection. Preferably, the controller controls the speed of movement of the first sub-portion and/or the second sub-portion of the pressure-influencing element as the pressure-affecting element moves away from the point of occurrence of the lost or overflowed well It gradually decreases to zero.

Preferably, in step b, at least two types of mud having different fluid densities are pumped from the wellhead to obtain at least a double gradient of fluid within the drill rod.

Preferably, in step b, the density of the fluid in the different gradients does not vary monotonically.

Preferably, in step b, the slurry is pumped in such a way that the internal pressure profile of the drill string in the entire wellbore is piecewise linear or conforms to a predetermined curve profile.

Preferably, the apparatus further includes a guide for adjusting the bit side 1, the controller issuing an instruction for the direction to the guide after determining the state of the wellbore based on parameters from the sensor.

Preferably, the apparatus further includes an opening power and information transmission means for introducing external power, the apparatus being powered by the mouthpiece power and information transmission means.

The above various technical solutions may be combined with each other in any technically feasible manner, or replaced with equivalent components, as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved and does not conflict with each other. DRAWINGS

The invention will be described in more detail below on the basis of only non-limiting examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. among them;

Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for controlling the pressure of a cartridge in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the underarm portion of the apparatus for controlling wellbore pressure according to the present invention when the cylinder pressure influencing element is not operating during normal drilling;

3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a downhole portion of an apparatus for controlling a cylinder pressure according to the present invention when a first sub-portion of a cylinder pressure influencing element moves in a first direction;

Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the downhole portion of the apparatus for controlling the pressure of the cylinder in accordance with the present invention when the second sub-portion of the cylinder pressure influencing element is moved in the second direction during overflow.

In the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. The drawings are not drawn to scale. detailed description

The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present invention provides an apparatus 20 for controlling wellbore pressure and a corresponding method. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an apparatus 20 for controlling the pressure of a cartridge in accordance with the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus 20 for controlling the pressure of the cylinder includes a measuring sensor 6 for measuring the parameters of the underarm mounted on the drill collar 5 that is driven into the earthen crust 4, and a pressure influence capable of adjusting the pressure condition of the wellbore. Element 7.

The drill pipe 5 has power and signal transmission functions. At present, the power and signal transmission in the drill pipe are basically completed by wire. However, under the premise of ensuring stable transmission of power and signals, it can also be performed wirelessly.

The mounting position and number of the measuring sensor 6 and the pressure influencing element 7 are determined by the distance at which the information transmission needs to be relayed and the distance at which the special layer needs to be encrypted.

The type of the measuring sensor 6 can be selected according to the measurement needs, and may be, for example, a pressure sensor for measuring the local pressure of the annulus, an acoustic emission sensor for measuring the ground stress, and the like. The specific form can also be a data acquisition card. Considering that it is a measure of pressure on site, a target pressure sensor is used. The measurement process of the target pressure sensor relies on the magnitude of the force of the fluid to change the position of the target. The change in the position of the target changes the magnitude of the output current, and the pressure of the downhole is measured.

In this embodiment, the measuring sensor 6 is a multi-parameter measuring sensor. The parameters measured by the measuring sensor 6 include, for example, flow rate, pressure, density, and temperature. These parameters have a role in determining and regulating the wellbore state.

Specifically, with respect to the measurement of the flow rate, two identical sensors may be provided in the flow direction of the fluid to determine the flow rate of the fluid by measuring the transit time of the fluid flow noise from the upstream sensor to the downstream sensor. Such a sensor 6 as a flow meter can be of various types, such as an ultrasonic sensor, a capacitive sensor, or the like.

The pressure influencing element 7 comprises a first sub-portion 7a and/or a second sub-portion 7b capable of stopping and moving, wherein the first sub-portion 7a is movable in a first direction and the second sub-portion 7b is movable in a second direction. The type of the first sub-portion 7a and Z or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure influencing element 7 may for example be a turbo pump or other type of pump. That is, the specific form of the first sub-portion 7a and/or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure influencing member 7 may employ a turbo pump, an axial flow pump, a vane pump, a plunger pump or the like.

The displacement of the first sub-portion 7a and/or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure-influencing element 7 at different locations can be determined by the specifics of the pressure distribution of the crust 4. Preferably, the effect on the pressure is determined by the displacement of the pumping zone and the density of the mud, and the pumping or pumping out of the first sub-portion 7a or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure-influencing element 7 (for example a turbo pump) The movement to decide. The apparatus 20 for controlling the wellbore pressure according to the present invention further includes a guide 8 for controlling the direction of the drill bit 9 and a ground for controlling the pressure influencing member 7 and connecting to the downhole portion through the power and information transmission line 3. Information processing mechanism 10 (ie controller). In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, a wellhead power and information transmission device 2 for introducing external power is also installed at the wellhead. The pressure control device 20 is mounted to a conventional drill collar device 1 for use.

When operating the apparatus 20 for controlling the pressure of the cylinder according to the present invention, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the entire wellbore is monitored in real time using the measurement sensor 6, and the obtained formation and drilling parameter information is passed through a signal transmission function. The drill pipe 5, the wellhead power and information transmission device 2, and the power and signal transmission line 3 are transmitted to the ground information processing mechanism 10. The ground information processing mechanism 10 can determine the condition of the well under the parameters such as the flow rate and direction of the liquid flow measured by the measuring sensors 6 (such as the flow sensor and the displacement sensor) at different positions, and the overflow occurred as the wall. Or the location and size of the lost circulation. The ground-based information processing mechanism 10 (ie, the controller) can control the pressure-influencing elements 7 at different positions to adjust the wellbore pressure according to the actual situation of the wellbore and the adjustment command. Specifically, for example, In the case where the first sub-portion 7a and/or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure-influencing element 为 is a turbopump, the first sub-portion 7a and Z or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure-influencing element 7 may be in different directions, respectively Movement, adjusting the pressure distribution of the annular space between the drill pipe 5 and the formation 4 to form a cylinder pressure profile control device for underbalanced, near-balanced or overbalanced drilling operations. In this embodiment, the ground information processing mechanism 10 A variety of information can be processed, multiple functions can be performed, and the ground information processing mechanism 10 can be modified at any time, such as setting different functions to perform different controls according to the same parameters, so that the wellbore pressure is controlled according to the present invention. The equipment is well adapted to different downhole environments.

Instructions from the controller can also be fed back to the downhole guide 8 to adjust the direction of the drill bit 9 to ensure safe and smooth drilling operations.

According to the present invention, the energy of the measuring sensor 6 and the pressure influencing element 7 can be supplied by an external power source provided on the ground through the mouthpiece power and information transmission device 2 and the drill pipe 5 having the power transmission function. A multi-form of power is achieved that enhances the strain capability of the apparatus for controlling the pressure of the cartridge in accordance with the present invention. Not only is it completely independent of the fluid, it does not take up and share hydraulic pressure, and it is also immune to a variety of downhole emergencies because of its independent energy supply system.

In one embodiment, the data information measured by the measurement sensor 6 can also be provided to the corresponding database via the Internet via the ground information transmission device 11 for reference by drilling engineering experts and managers. In this way, it can provide a more reliable basis for the choice of process, thereby reducing engineering risks and improving drilling. The intelligence of the well greatly optimizes the well structure and provides space conditions for subsequent completions, test mining and other operations.

In another alternative embodiment, the measuring sensor 6 is in the relay stub and as close as possible to the corresponding pressure influencing element 7. In this embodiment, the ground information processing mechanism 0 is cancelled, and the cylinder pressure influencing element 7 is instead controlled by a controller in the same relay subsection as the measurement sensor 6. In this embodiment, the operation and footprint of the entire device is streamlined.

Figures 2, 3, and 4 show cross-sectional views of the downhole portion of the apparatus 20 for controlling wellbore pressure during normal drilling, occurrence of lost circulation, and flooding.

As shown in Fig. 2, during normal drilling, the first sub-portion 7a and/or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure influencing element 7 do not operate, i.e., are in a stopped state. Since the measuring sensor 6 and the force influencing element 7 are supplied by the ground through the wellhead power and the information transmission device 2 and the drill pipe 5, they are independent of the mud circulation device, and the normal drilling is not affected even if the pressure influencing member 7 does not operate.

As shown in FIG. 3, according to the measurement information of the measurement sensor 6, when it is determined that a well leak occurs at a certain position, the ground information processing mechanism 10 (stab) directs the first sub-portion 7a of the pressure influencing element 7 according to the downhole information. The first direction (illustrated in Figure 3 as the direction of the inverted B-inch needle from the view of the wellbore) is such that the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure and the formation fracture pressure is reduced, thereby reducing the well leakage hazard.

Or in an alternative embodiment, the first sub-portion 7a of the pressure influencing element 7 in the vicinity of the control sub-segment in which the measuring sensor 6 is located is automatically operated (along the first side | motion, as illustrated in Figure 3 Observing the direction of the wellbore from the perspective of the wellbore, the difference between the pressure of the annulus hydrostatic column and the fracture pressure of the formation is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of lost circulation.

As shown in FIG. 4, according to the measurement information of the measurement sensor 6, when it is determined that overflow occurs at a certain position, the mantle information processing mechanism 10 (controller) directs the second sub-portion 7b of the component 7 according to the downhole information. Movement in the second direction (shown in the clockwise direction from the plan view of the wellbore in Figure 4) increases the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure and the formation fracture pressure, thereby reducing the flood hazard.

Or in an alternative embodiment, the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure influencing element 7 in the vicinity of the controller control spur in the relay subsection in which the measuring sensor 6 is located is automatically operated (moving in the second direction, illustrated in Figure 4 Observing the clockwise direction from the top view of the cylinder, the difference between the pressure of the annulus hydrostatic column and the fracture pressure of the formation is increased, thereby reducing the overflow hazard.

The invention also proposes a method for controlling the pressure of a cylinder:

Step a, setting up the apparatus 20 for controlling the pressure of the cylinder according to the present invention as described above. Step b: Pump the mud from the wellhead. It is, for example, at least two muds having different fluid densities, resulting in at least a double gradient of fluid within the drill pipe. In the wellbore, with respect to the density of the fluid having at least a double gradient, the density of the fluid in different gradients may be increased or decreased from top to bottom in the longitudinal direction of the wellbore, or may be non-monotonously changed; the slurry may also be pumped as follows , that is, the pressure profile in the drill string in the entire wellbore is piecewise linear or conforms to a preset curve profile.

Step c: The state parameters of the entire wellbore are monitored in real time by the measuring sensor 6. The parameters may include, for example, the flow, pressure, density, and temperature of the fluid within the wellbore. These parameters have an effect on determining and regulating the state of the wellbore.

Step c The formation and drilling parameter information obtained by the measuring sensor 6 is transmitted to the ground information processing mechanism 10 via the drill pipe 5 having the signal transmission function, the wellhead power and information transmission device 2, and the power and signal transmission line 3. The mantle information processing mechanism 0 can determine the condition of the well, such as the position and size of the overflow or leakage occurring in the well wall, based on the above-mentioned parameters measured by the measurement sensors 6 at different positions. The ground information processing mechanism 10 located on the ground can timely adjust adjustment commands according to the actual situation of the wellbore, and control the pressure influencing components 7 at different positions to adjust the wellbore pressure. In particular, for example in the case where the first sub-portion 7aheV or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure-influencing element 7 is a turbopump, the first sub-portion 7a and/or the second sub-portion of the element 7 can be influenced by the pressure The portion 7b moves in different directions, adjusts the pressure distribution of the annular space between the drill pipe 5 and the formation 4, and forms a wellbore pressure profile control system to realize underbalanced, near-balance or overbalanced drilling operations.

For the specific regulation process of the pressure influencing element 7, the first sub-portion 7a and/or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure influencing element 7 may be stopped by the controller when the wellbore parameters are shown as normal drilling; The wellbore parameters detected by the measuring sensor 6 are shown as being caused by the controller to control the first sub-portion 7a of the pressure influencing element 7 adjacent to the particular measuring sensor 6 to move in the first direction by the controller, when the pressure influencing element 7 The first sub-portion 7a moves in the first direction and the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure and the formation fracture pressure in the wellbore decreases; when the specific measurement sensor 6 detects the wellbore parameter as the occurrence of overflow flow control The second sub-portion 7b of the pressure-affecting element 7 of the adjacent measuring sensor 6 is moved in the second direction, and when the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure-influencing element is moved in the second direction, the inner ring of the wellbore is quiet The difference between the liquid column pressure and the formation fracture pressure increases.

Preferably, the controller determines the direction of the wellbore based on the parameters from the sensor 6 and issues an instruction to the guiding device 8 for the direction. With the same, power is supplied to the device 20 through the wellhead power and information transmission device 2.

In a preferred embodiment, depending on the point at which the pressure affects the element 7 from the occurrence of a leak or overflow The distance is different from the flow rate of the annulus flow in the cylinder 4, and the local velocity is controlled by the controller to adjust the velocity and motion of the first sub-portion 7a and Z or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure-influencing element 7 to control the local well The pressure of the section makes the annulus pressure as close as possible to the formation pressure, so as to reduce the accident hazard. This local adjustment is automatically performed based on the change in the position of the pressure influencing element 7 in the wellbore. If a pressure influencing element 7 has crossed the lost or overflow position as the depth of the heel increases, its first subsection 7a And/or the second sub-portion 7b will gradually reduce the speed of movement to reduce its control range, and the first sub-portion of the pressure-influencing element 7 is controlled by the controller as the pressure influences the component to move away from the point of occurrence of the lost or overflowed well The speed of movement of 7a and/or second sub-portion 7b is gradually reduced to zero until the next time it enters a certain equilibrium control pressure zone and resumes motion. The operation and departure of the first sub-portion 7a and/or the second sub-portion 7b of the pressure influencing element 7 when entering the lost circulation or overflow balancing control pressure zone are exactly the opposite.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made thereto and the components may be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical aspects falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for controlling wellbore force, including at least one measurement sensor and at least one pressure influencing element installed on the drill pipe, and a controller for controlling the pressure influencing element, the measuring sensor will The detected wellbore parameters are sent to the controller, and the controller controls the pressure influencing element to not work or to influence the pressure state of the surrounding fluid according to the received wellbore parameters.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that,

The pressure influencing element includes a first sub-part capable of stopping and moving, and a second sub-part capable of moving in a first direction, and a second sub-part capable of moving in a second direction.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that,

When the wellbore parameters indicate normal drilling, the controller is used to control the first sub-part and/or the second sub-part of the pressure-influencing element to shut down;

When the wellbore parameter detected by the specific measurement sensor indicates that a well leakage occurs, the controller controls the first sub-section of the pressure influencing element adjacent to the specific measurement sensor to move in the first direction; and /or

When the wellbore parameter detected by the specific measurement sensor indicates that overflow occurs, the second sub-section of the pressure influencing element adjacent to the specific measurement sensor is controlled by the thorn controller to move in the second direction.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that when the first sub-section of the pressure influencing element moves in the first direction, the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore and the formation fracture pressure decreases, and when the second sub-portion of the pressure influencing element moves in the second direction, the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore and the formation fracture pressure increases.

5. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, according to the distance between the pressure influencing element and the point where well leakage or overflow occurs and the flow rate of the annulus liquid flow in the wellbore, the controller to adjust the movement speed and movement time of the first sub-part and/or the second sub-part of the pressure influencing element.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, as the pressure influencing element moves away from the point where leakage or overflow occurs, the controller controls the first sub-section and the pressure influencing element of the pressure influencing element. Z or the movement speed of the second sub-section, gradually reducing it to zero.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the type of sensor is a target pressure sensor, an ultrasonic sensor or a capacitive sensor.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the type of the first sub-part and/or the second sub-part of the pressure-influencing element is a turbine pump, an axial flow pump, or a vane pump. or plunger pump.

9. The equipment according to claim 1 to 6, wherein the equipment further includes a guide device for adjusting the direction of the drill bit, and the controller determines the wellbore status based on parameters from the sensor. Directional instructions are given to the guide device.

10. The equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, the equipment further includes a wellhead power and information transmission device for introducing external power, and the wellhead power and information transmission device controls all The above equipment provides power.

11. A method of controlling wellbore pressure through a device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the following steps - step a, setting the device for controlling wellbore pressure - step b, pumping the wellbore pressure from Add one or more types of mud:

Step c, detect wellbore parameters through the measurement sensor;

Step d: According to the detected wellbore parameters, the thorn controller controls the pressure influencing element to not work or to affect the pressure state of the surrounding fluid.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that - when the wellbore parameters indicate normal drilling, the first sub-section and/or the second sub-section of the pressure influencing element are controlled by the controller to shut down;

When the wellbore parameters detected by the specific measurement sensor indicate that lost circulation occurs, control the first sub-section of the pressure influencing element adjacent to the specific measurement sensor to move in the first direction by the controller;

When the wellbore parameter detected by the specific measurement sensor indicates that overflow occurs, the second sub-section of the pressure influencing element adjacent to the specific measurement sensor is controlled by the controller to move in the second direction.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein when the first sub-portion of the pressure influencing element moves in the first direction, the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore and the formation fracture pressure decreases, and when the second sub-portion of the pressure influencing element moves in the second direction, the difference between the annulus hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore and the formation fracture pressure increases.

14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, according to the distance between the pressure influencing element and the point where well leakage or overflow occurs and the flow rate of the annulus liquid flow in the wellbore, through the control device to adjust the movement speed and movement time of the first sub-part and/or the second sub-part of the pressure influencing element.

15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, as the pressure-influencing element moves away from the point where leakage or overflow occurs, the first step of the pressure-influencing element is controlled by the controller. The speed of movement of the subsection and/or the second subsection is gradually reduced to zero.

16. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, in step b, at least two muds with different fluid densities are pumped from the wellhead to obtain at least dual gradient fluids in the drill pipe.

17. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that, in step b, the density of the fluid in different gradients changes monotonically from top to bottom.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that, in step b, mud is pumped in such a manner that the pressure profile within the drill string in the entire wellbore is piecewise linear or Conforms to preset curve contours.

19. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the equipment further includes a guide device for adjusting the direction of the drill bit, and the controller determines the wellbore status according to parameters from the sensor. Directional instructions are given to the guide device.

20. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the equipment further includes a wellhead power and information transmission device for introducing external power, and all the wellhead power and information transmission devices are transmitted through the wellhead power and information transmission device. The above equipment provides power.