WO2015157890A1 - Appareil et procédés de détection de salves spéciales en td-scdma - Google Patents

Appareil et procédés de détection de salves spéciales en td-scdma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015157890A1
WO2015157890A1 PCT/CN2014/075283 CN2014075283W WO2015157890A1 WO 2015157890 A1 WO2015157890 A1 WO 2015157890A1 CN 2014075283 W CN2014075283 W CN 2014075283W WO 2015157890 A1 WO2015157890 A1 WO 2015157890A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
special burst
snr
detection procedure
burst detection
tfci
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PCT/CN2014/075283
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English (en)
Inventor
Jia Tang
Ling Xie
Hari Sankar
Andreja RADOSEVIC
Insung Kang
Weihua YANG
Shiau-He Tsai
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Qualcomm Incorporated
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Priority to PCT/CN2014/075283 priority Critical patent/WO2015157890A1/fr
Publication of WO2015157890A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015157890A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
    • H04W52/12—Outer and inner loops
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/241—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account channel quality metrics, e.g. SIR, SNR, CIR, Eb/lo

Definitions

  • aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to apparatus and methods for special burst detection (SB) in Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA).
  • SB special burst detection
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
  • Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and so on.
  • Such networks which are usually multiple access networks, support communications for multiple users by sharing the available network resources.
  • UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • the UTRAN is the radio access network (RAN) defined as a part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a third generation (3G) mobile phone technology supported by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • the UMTS which is the successor to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies, currently supports various air interface standards, such as Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Time Division - Code Division Multiple Access (TD-CDMA), and Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA).
  • W-CDMA Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-CDMA Time Division - Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
  • the UMTS also supports enhanced 3G data communications protocols, such as High Speed Downlink Packet Data (HSDPA), which provides higher data transfer speeds and capacity to associated UMTS networks.
  • HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Data
  • SB special burst
  • CRC cyclic-redundancy-check
  • a missed SB may cause a modem to decode junk data, which results in CRC error and affects outer-loop power control (OLPC).
  • OLPC outer-loop power control
  • RLF radio-link failure
  • Some present aspects improve special burst (SB) detection in Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA). For example, some present aspects adjust SB detection based on whether there is physical channel re-configuration being performed. Also, some present aspects provide SB detection based on a modified hypothesis testing (HT). Some further aspects improve SB detection by using chip level channel impulse response (CIR) signal to noise ratio (SNR), while some alternative or additional aspects provide joint SB detection based on HT, transport format combination index (TFCI) decoding, and SNR estimation. In addition, some further aspects provide enhancements to power control once SB is detected. For example, for inner loop power control (ILPC), maximum-likelihood (ML) SNR estimation may be used, and for outer loop power control (OLPC), virtual decoding of SB may be performed.
  • ILPC inner loop power control
  • ML maximum-likelihood
  • OLPC virtual decoding of SB may be performed.
  • a method of wireless communication includes determining whether a physical channel reconfiguration is being performed for a user equipment (UE); and adjusting a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on whether the physical channel reconfiguration is being performed for the UE.
  • UE user equipment
  • a method of wireless communication includes determining a CIR SNR of received signals at a UE; and performing a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on the CIR SNR.
  • a method of wireless communication includes determining a maximum likelihood hypothesis testing threshold based on a false alarm probability or a missed detection probability of a special burst at a UE; and performing a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on a hypothesis testing with the maximum likelihood hypothesis testing threshold.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for determining whether a physical channel reconfiguration is being performed for a UE; and means for adjusting a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on whether the physical channel reconfiguration is being performed for the UE.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for determining a CIR S R of received signals at a UE; and means for performing a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on the CIR SNR.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication comprising includes means for determining a maximum likelihood hypothesis testing threshold based on a false alarm probability or a missed detection probability of a special burst at a UE; and means for performing a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on a hypothesis testing with the maximum likelihood hypothesis testing threshold.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication includes a processing system configured to determine whether a physical channel reconfiguration is being performed for a UE; and adjust a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on whether the physical channel reconfiguration is being performed for the UE.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication includes a processing system configured to determine a CIR SNR of received signals at a UE; and perform a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on the CIR SNR.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication includes a processing system configured to determine a maximum likelihood hypothesis testing threshold based on a false alarm probability or a missed detection probability of a special burst at a UE; and perform a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on a hypothesis testing with the maximum likelihood hypothesis testing threshold.
  • a computer program product for wireless communication includes a non-transitory computer readable medium including code for determining whether a physical channel reconfiguration is being performed for a UE; and adjusting a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on whether the physical channel reconfiguration is being performed for the UE.
  • a computer program product for wireless communication includes a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code for determining a CIR S R of received signals at a UE; and performing a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on the CIR SNR.
  • a computer program product for wireless communication includes a non-transitory computer readable medium including code for determining a maximum likelihood hypothesis testing threshold based on a false alarm probability or a missed detection probability of a special burst at a UE; and performing a special burst detection procedure at the UE based on a hypothesis testing with the maximum likelihood hypothesis testing threshold.
  • the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.
  • the following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system according to some present aspects
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an example conventional special burst (SB) detection method
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an SB detection method according to some present aspects
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example missed detection (MD) performance comparison between conventional hypothesis testing (HT) and false alarm-based (FA- based) HT;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example transport format combination index (TFCI) block error rate (BLER) performance using Reed-Muller (16, 5) code;
  • TFCI transport format combination index
  • BLER block error rate
  • FIGs. 6 and 7 illustrate example event probabilities based on the outcomes of HT and TFCI in some aspects
  • FIGs. 8 and 9 are example flowcharts for joint SB detection based on HT and TFCI in some aspects
  • FIGs. 10 and 11 illustrate example MD and FA rate comparisons, respectively, between SB detection by FA-based HT and SB detection by joint HT- TFCI;
  • FIG. 12 is an example flowchart for SB detection by using two thresholds for HT in some aspects
  • FIG. 13 is an example flowchart for joint SB detection by using TFCI and two thresholds for HT in some aspects
  • FIGs. 14 and 15 illustrate MD and FA performance, respectively, for joint SB detection by using TFCI and two thresholds for HT in some aspects
  • FIG. 16 shows an example flowchart of an alternative joint SB detection by using TFCI and two thresholds for HT in some aspects
  • FIG. 17 illustrates the mean-square error (MSE) for different S R estimation methods when SB is transmitted
  • FIG. 18 illustrates simulated BLER comparison between two example convolutional codes
  • FIGs. 19-28 illustrate example simulation results to compare FA-based HT with conventional HT
  • FIG. 29 illustrates an example channel impulse response (CIR) signal to interference ratio (SIR) log for an example reconfiguration Case 1 with strong neighbor interference;
  • CIR channel impulse response
  • SIR signal to interference ratio
  • FIG. 30 illustrates an example CIR SIR log for an example reconfiguration Case 2 with handover to a fake cell
  • FIG. 31 illustrates an example CIR SIR log for an example normal Case 1 with data transmission
  • FIG. 32 illustrates an example CIR SIR log for an example normal Case 2 with SB transmission
  • FIGs. 33-42 illustrate example SB FA and MD simulation results
  • FIG. 43 is a diagram of a hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system, including aspects of the wireless communications system of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating an example of a telecommunications system, including aspects of the wireless communications system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 45 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure in a telecommunications system, in aspects of the wireless communications system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 46 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Node B in communication with a UE in a telecommunications system, including aspects of the wireless communications system of FIG. 1.
  • Some present aspects improve special burst (SB) detection in Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA). For example, some present aspects adjust SB detection based on whether there is physical channel re-configuration being performed.
  • SB special burst
  • some present aspects provide SB detection based on a modified hypothesis testing (HT) which may improve missed detection (MD) performance (for example, but not limited to, by -0.5 dB in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), when false alarm (FA) rate is about 0.001).
  • HT modified hypothesis testing
  • Some further aspects provide joint SB detection based on HT, transport format combination index (TFCI) decoding, and signal to noise ratio (S R) estimation.
  • TFCI transport format combination index
  • S R signal to noise ratio
  • Wireless communications system 100 includes user equipment (UE) 102 that is communicating with first base station 104 in TD-SCDMA network 112 and that may also receive interference signals from second base station 106 in TD-SCDMA network 112.
  • UE 102 may receive data or SB from first base station 104 and/or second base station 106. Accordingly, UE 102 may determine whether a received signal corresponds to SB or data.
  • UE 102 may include SB detection component 114 that determines whether a received signal corresponds to SB or data.
  • UE 102 may include at least one of hardware, software, and firmware, which may be configured to use different SB detection aspects based on whether there is physical channel reconfiguration being performed for UE 102.
  • SB detection component 114 may include physical channel re-configuration determination component 116 that determines whether there is physical channel reconfiguration being performed for UE 102. Accordingly, in these aspects, SB detection component 114 may adjust SB detection based on whether there is physical channel re-configuration being performed for UE 102. For example, during physical channel re configuration, it may be desired to avoid SB FA, since a single FA may lead to radio link failure (RLF).
  • RLF radio link failure
  • SB FA may be improved by using a different HT depending on whether there is physical channel reconfiguration being performed for UE 102.
  • SB detection may be adaptively changed depending on whether or not there is physical channel reconfiguration being performed.
  • SB detection component 114 may include HT component 124 that adaptively changes the HT used for SB detection depending on whether or not there is physical channel reconfiguration being performed.
  • channel impulse response (CIR) SNR may provide additional information about channel conditions and signal strength, which may be used for SB detection during physical channel reconfiguration. That is, compared to symbol level SNR, CIR SNR may provide further chip level signal strength information. For example, in some aspects, if no signal is transmitted on newly assigned physical channels, SB HT may pass corresponding thresholds, while CIR SNR is weak. In some aspects, CIR SNR is calculated on the midamble shift used for the transmission of SB. In some aspects, joint SB detection may be performed based on both chip level CIR SNR and symbol level SNR.
  • SB detection component 114 may include symbol level SNR determination component 120 that determines symbol level SNR, and may alternatively or additionally include chip level CIR SNR component 122 that determines chip level CIR SNR. Accordingly, in these aspects, SB detection component 1 14 may perform joint SB detection based on one or both of chip level CIR SNR and symbol-level SNR.
  • conventional HT may be modified by changing the denominator of HT from symbol level noise variance estimate (e.g., assuming SB has been transmitted) to symbol level SNR estimate. That is, in these aspects, HT component 124 of SB detection component 114 may modify the HT used for SB detection to be the symbol level SNR estimate.
  • SB detection at UE 102 may be improved by using chip-level CIR SNR. For example, if only symbol level SNR information is used for SB detection, SB FA may be observed. However, if both chip level CIR SNR and symbol level SNR information are used for SB detection according to the present aspects, then UE 102 may determine that the serving base station 104 is not transmitting SB.
  • CP ID Cell Parameter ID
  • SB FA chip-level CIR SNR
  • SB detection is performed at UE 102 by using joint SB and TFCI detection.
  • SB detection may be based on HT of an SNR value assuming SB is transmitted. If the outcome of HT is above a certain threshold, SB is declared to be present. Otherwise, additional TFCI information is used to help making a joint decision.
  • conventional HT that is used in these aspects may not be optimal and TFCI information may not be fully utilized. For example, in a data burst, if the data pattern happens to be similar to SB pattern, conventional HT may generate a large output above the threshold, which then leads to an FA. However, such FA may be avoided if reliable TFCI is available (e.g., in high S R region), which may clearly indicate data transmission.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an example conventional SB detection method 200.
  • Method 200 starts at block 202.
  • symbol level SNR (denoted as dtxSig) is compared with zero. If symbol level SNR is less than zero, at block 214 it is declared that no SB has been detected. If symbol level SNR is greater than zero, at block 206 symbol level SNR is compared with threshold T. If symbol level SNR is less than T, at block 208 HT is compared with threshold T high, and if symbol level SNR is greater than T, at block 210 HT is compared with threshold T low.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an SB detection method 300 according to some present aspects.
  • Method 300 which may be operated by UE 102 (Fig. 1) executing SB detection component 114 defined in at least one of hardware, software, and firmware, includes blocks 302, 306, 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, and 318 which are similar to corresponding blocks in method 200 described herein.
  • method 300 differentiates between "reconfiguration" scenarios and "normal” scenarios by adaptively choosing various thresholds based on a current state, e.g., a reconfiguration state or a normal state.
  • the initial state of SB detection component 114 is the "reconfiguration" state, and the method switches to "normal” state when receiving "in-sync” indicator from layer 1 (LI) software.
  • LI software may be configured to pass an in-sync indicator to SB detection component 114, and SB detection component 114 may switch to "reconfiguration” state when receiving reconfiguration command from LI software.
  • method 300 uses CIR SNR (denoted as YC IR ) as an additional SB detection metric.
  • SB may be declared if both chip-level CIR and symbol-level SNR are good, so that FA is reduced as much as possible.
  • CIR SNR may be computed only on the mid-amble shifts used for transmitting SB. Table 1 shows different parameters that are used for SB detection in each state, when both chip-level CIR and symbol-level SNR are used.
  • HTJow and HT high are the same as T low and T high at blocks 312 and 310 of method 300, respectively.
  • dtxSig threshold is the same as T at block 308 of method 300
  • CIR SNR threshold is the same as y at block 304 of method 300.
  • CIR SNR threshold is set to - 12 dB in "reconfiguration” state and to -30 dB in "normal” state, e.g., effectively disabling this condition.
  • Table 2 shows different example parameters that are used for SB detection in each state when there is receive diversity, where, for example, CIR SNR may be the combined SNR across 2 receive diversity chains.
  • the received symbols at the symbol buffer (e.g., a buffer that includes one frame of the symbols) at UE 102 may be expressed as
  • V j + ⁇ ; where S; G ⁇ +1 ⁇ is assumed to be independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) with equally likely probability.
  • a correlation metric Y e.g., dtxSig
  • HT may compare the correlation metric Y with a certain threshold value T. If Y is above T, SB is declared to be present, and if Y is below T, a data burst is declared to be present.
  • HT may be performed based on MD.
  • MD probability can be expressed as
  • the threshold can be derived as - PMD)
  • the symbol amplitude ⁇ and noise variance ⁇ 2 may be estimated from received sample ⁇ v; ⁇ by, for example, based on symbol level S R estimation.
  • the threshold T MD can be calculated as
  • HT may be performed based on FA.
  • FA probability can be expressed as
  • the threshold T FA can be derived as [0066] When using such FA-based HT, the resulting MD rate, PM D , is
  • the threshold T FA can be calculated as
  • the denominator is the total received energy, which may be given by the micro- Kernel hardware output, and
  • the denominator is the noise variance estimation if SB is present, that is, conventional HT uses SB S R to compare with a threshold.
  • Table 3 shows various HT in the aspects described herein, and their corresponding ratio.
  • MD may cause CRC error and may cause the SIR target to move, while FA may cause packet loss. That is, the penalty from FA may be much higher than MD. Therefore, some aspects of the present apparatus and methods may perform SB detection to control FA rate in a desired range. Further, as shown in Table 3, FA-based HT, may be easier to implement compared to MD-based HT, which requires symbol amplitude and noise variance estimation.
  • Fig. 4 shows an example MD performance comparison 400 between conventional HT (denoted as "current") and FA-based HT according to an aspect of the present apparatus and methods (denoted as “new”).
  • the thresholds are tuned for the two schemes such that the resulting FA rates are kept to be 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1, respectively.
  • FA-based HT performs better than conventional HT in terms of MD rate. For instance, in one example that should not be construed as limiting, when FA rate is 0.001, the gain from FA-based HT is roughly 0.5dB.
  • SB detection uses TFCI, which may provide side information about the presence of SB, and which may be useful when TFCI is reliable. For example, if a data burst happens to be very similar to an SB pattern, then HT may not differentiate the data burst from the SB, and therefore, reliable TFCI may help in SB detection. For instance, TFCI information may be reliable in high S R, in which case one or more of the present aspects may rely more on TFCI for SB detection.
  • the MD and FA rate may be expressed as:
  • the block error rate (BLER) of TFCI decoding may be a function of SNR.
  • TFCI is coded using Reed-Muller code with either (32, 10) or (16, 5) configuration. If there are a total of N c valid code words, the TFCI BLER can be upper-bounded as:
  • d min denotes the minimum Hamming distance between any of the code words.
  • the number of valid code words Nc may affect BLER. In common TDS systems, the number of valid code words is usually less than 32.
  • Fig. 5 shows an example TFCI BLER performance 500 using Reed-Muller (16, 5) code.
  • TS 25.222 in both cases first-order Reed-Muller (16, 5) is used.
  • Fig. 5 shows that the upper-bound is tight at high SNR region.
  • Fig. 5 also shows that to achieve BLER of 0.001 or lower, SNR may be roughly higher than 2dB and 3dB, respectively.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may perform SB detection using both HT and TFCI to make a more accurate decision.
  • Table 4 shows possible combinations of the outcomes on HT and TFCI in these aspects.
  • Event- A SB is transmitted given Case 2 is observed
  • Event-B Data is transmitted given Case 2 is observed.
  • SB and data transmission are sent as being equally likely (e.g., no a priori information about SB or data is available)
  • the post-priori probability is equivalent to a-priori probability.
  • the probability that Event-A happens is proportional to
  • apparatus and methods disclosed herein may include a maximum likelihood ("ML") detector that may choose the event which has a higher probability.
  • ML maximum likelihood
  • SB detection component 114 of UE 102 may perform SB detection by choosing the event which has a higher probability.
  • Fig. 6 illustrate example Event-A and Event-B probabilities 600.
  • Fig. 6 shows that Event-B has higher probability than Event-A. Therefore, in some aspects, when case 2 happens, it is declared that data is detected.
  • Event-C SB is transmitted given Case 3 is observed
  • Event-D Data is transmitted given Case 3 is observed.
  • the ML detector may choose the event with higher probability.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates example Event-C and Event-D probabilities 700. As shown in Fig. 7, when SNR is below a threshold, Event-C is more likely, and when SNR is above the threshold, Event-D is more likely. Therefore, when case 3 happens, if SNR is below the threshold, SB detection is declared, and otherwise data transmission is declared.
  • Fig. 8 is an example flowchart 800 for the above described joint detection for an example implementation that may be programmed in UE 102 such as in hardware, software, or firmware.
  • HT threshold is denoted as T
  • SNR threshold is denoted as y 0 .
  • the flowchart of Fig. 8 may be simplified to the flowchart 900 of Fig. 9.
  • the SNR switch point is chosen to be 5dB (i.e., A A 2/E > 0.78), since the SNR estimation itself may introduce extra error and therefore the threshold needs to be conservative.
  • the TFCI is assumed to be 3 bits with a total of 8 possible code-words.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 show that the joint scheme may improve FA rate at high SNR region. Also, the MD rate becomes worse when using joint scheme but the rate is still acceptable.
  • Fig. 12 shows an example flowchart 1200 for SB detection by using two thresholds for HT.
  • FA performance may be sacrificed at low SNR region to achieve better MD performance. However, at high SNR region, both good FA and good MD may be achieved.
  • Fig. 13 shows an example flowchart 1300 for joint SB detection by using TFCI and two thresholds for HT.
  • Example performance results 1400, 1500 are illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15 which show a tradeoff.
  • Fig. 14 shows MD performance using joint detection scheme with two HT thresholds.
  • Fig. 15 shows FA performance using joint detection scheme with two HT thresholds.
  • Fig. 16 shows an alternative joint detection 1600 with two HT thresholds, which may achieve performance results similar to those shown in Figs. 14 and 15.
  • SB may be used to improve power control performance of UE 102.
  • SB since SB is a known sequence, pilot-based SNR estimation may be more accurate compared to blind SNR estimation. Accordingly, UE 102 using better SNR estimation may also improve ILPC, to thereby provide a more accurate SIRE.
  • the probability distribution function (pdf) of the received signal y is given by:
  • the maximum likelihood symbol amplitude and noise variance estimation can be expressed as:
  • Such maximum likelihood noise estimator uses ⁇ y , which may be obtained when determining symbol-level SNR, hence incurring no additional computing cost on the microkernel.
  • a differential noise variance estimator may be used according to and SNR estimation based on differential noise estimation can be written as:
  • Fig. 17 illustrates plots 1700 of the mean-square error (MSE) for different SNR estimation methods when SB is transmitted.
  • Fig. 17 shows that maximum likelihood estimator (denoted as ML) performs the best, while a differential noise estimator (denoted as DF) is slightly worse, and a blind symbol-level noise estimator (denoted as AE) is not as good, especially at low SNR region.
  • MSE mean-square error
  • the closed loop power control consists of two parts: an Inner loop power control (ILPC) and an Outer loop power control (OLPC).
  • the ILPC is used to control the UE transmitting power to meet a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) target at a Node B.
  • SIR signal-to-interference ratio
  • the ILPC can be considered a relatively fast control process (e.g., 1.5 kHz).
  • the OLPC is used to control the reception quality in terms of the SIR target.
  • the OLPC can be considered to be a relatively slow control process (e.g., when compared to ILPC) that is handled by a radio network controller (RNC).
  • RNC radio network controller
  • the OLPC adjusts the SIR target considering factors such as the bit error rate (BER) and/or block error rate (BLER) of the received data.
  • BER bit error rate
  • BLER block error rate
  • maximum- likelihood (ML) SNR estimation may be used to generate a more accurate SIR estimate (SIRE, also referred to as SIR target (SIRT)).
  • SIRT SIR target
  • SB may be treated as a pilot signal, and hence data-aided maximum likelihood SNR estimation may be performed.
  • the conventional SNR estimation (which may include symbol level amplitude and energy estimation) is a blind estimation scheme (e.g., assumes that the transmitted data sequence is random and unknown). Accordingly, the performance of the conventional (e.g., blind) SNR estimation may be worse than the performance of maximum likelihood (e.g., data-aided) SNR estimation in the present aspects. Therefore, the present aspects may achieve further system performance improvement (e.g., in ILPC) upon SB detection.
  • UE 102 may perform virtual decoding of SB, which may generate a virtual CRC that is used to drive an SIR target. For example, conventionally, SIRT is kept unchanged when a base station transmits SB. However, in the present aspects, by using virtual decoding, UE 102 may dynamically adjust SIRT when SB is transmitted. For example, UE 102 may use a Viterbi decoder to decode the all zero sequence obtained by flipping the even soft bits of the received sequence in SB. In some aspects, for example, if the all zero sequence passes CRC, SIRT is decreased, and if the all zero sequence fails CRC, SIRT is increased. Accordingly, the present aspects may achieve further system performance improvement (e.g., in OLPC) upon SB detection.
  • OLPC system performance improvement
  • UE 102 may use SB to improve OLPC.
  • SB is a known sequence of 010101
  • the even bits of the received sequence may be flipped to generate an all-zero sequence, which may be used as an all zero convolutional codeword (CC) transmitted through the channel.
  • CC convolutional codeword
  • UE 102 feeds this sequence into a Viterbi decoder, then the BLER of this CC code may be used to control OLPC.
  • Viterbi decoding may be implemented in at least one of hardware, software, and firmware.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates simulated BLER comparison between two CC codes: a randomly generated 1x148 TrCh and an all-zero sequence.
  • some present aspects of UE 102 decode TFCI and utilize TFCI information, while some alternative or additional aspects of UE 102 combine TFCI and HT results to make a more accurate SB detection decision, and when SB is detected, some further aspects of UE 102 use SB to improve power control performance. In these aspects, for example, both ILPC and OLPC may be improved.
  • Figs. 19-28 illustrate example CSFM (CDMA2000 Subscriber Identity Module) simulation results 1900-2800 to compare FA-based HT of one or more of the present aspects with conventional HT.
  • the simulation setup in these Figures is as follows:
  • ⁇ 3 base stations are used with interferer allocations being the same as the serving base station
  • ⁇ AWGN Pedestrian Type-A fading delay profile with speed 3km/h (PA3), Pedestrian Type-B fading delay profile with speed 3km/h (PB3), Vehicular type- A fading delay profile with speed 30km/h (VA30), Vehicular type- A fading delay profile with speed 120km/h (VA120).
  • LMUD Linear Multi-User Detection
  • LMMSE linear minimum mean square error
  • Figs. 19-23 illustrate MD rate comparisons 1900-2300 between FA-based
  • Figs. 19-23 illustrate FA rate comparisons 2400-2800 between FA-based HT and conventional HT in AWGN, PA3, PB3, VA30, and VA120, respectively.
  • Figs. 24-28 illustrate FA rate comparisons 2400-2800 between FA-based HT and conventional HT in AWGN, PA3, PB3, VA30, and VA120, respectively.
  • dotted lines correspond to FA- based HT and the solid lines correspond to conventional HT.
  • Figs. 19-28 show that with same threshold value, FA-based HT with conventional HT have similar MD performance, however, FA-based HT has better FA performance compared to conventional HT, especially when the threshold is larger (e.g., in the lower FA rate region).
  • a joint SB detection with two thresholds may be performed as
  • the FA performance is:
  • both good FA and good MD performance may be achieved at high SNR region.
  • log packets are provided showing SB detection and CIR SNR status in reconfiguration cases as well as in normal cases.
  • Fig. 29 illustrates an example CIR SIR log 2900 for the example reconfiguration Case 1 with strong neighbor interference, showing that CIR has no peak on the shift corresponding to SB.
  • Fig. 30 illustrates an example CIR SIR log 3000 for the example reconfiguration Case 2 with handover to a fake cell, showing that CIR has no peak on the shift corresponding to SB.
  • Fig. 31 illustrates an example CIR SIR log 3100 for the example normal Case 1 with data transmission, showing that CIR has peaks on the shift corresponding to SB.
  • Fig. 32 illustrates an example CIR SIR log 3200 for the example normal Case 2 with SB transmission, showing that CIR has peaks on the shift corresponding to SB.
  • Figs. 33-42 illustrate example SB FA and MD results 3300-4200 in Matlab simulations with the following setup
  • UE 102 may improve FA by using CIR SNR condition in SB detection. For example, when target cell has no signal (e.g., Ec/No is -20dB), good FA reduction may be expected by using CIR SNR condition. Also, using CIR SNR condition in SB detection may result in MD performance degradation. For example, in some ranges, a dB of CIR threshold increase may cause a dB of loss of MD performance. Accordingly, a conservative CIR SNR threshold may be used. However, in some aspects, a base station sends a burst of SB, and hence MD rate of missing the entire burst may be low.
  • CIR SNR condition in SB detection may result in MD performance degradation. For example, in some ranges, a dB of CIR threshold increase may cause a dB of loss of MD performance. Accordingly, a conservative CIR SNR threshold may be used. However, in some aspects, a base station sends a burst of SB, and hence MD rate of missing the entire burst may be low.
  • the described apparatus and methods operating with the presently provided HT aspects may improve FA performance, while at the same time preserving the same MD performance as in the conventional HT.
  • apparatus 4300 may be UE 102 of FIG. 1, including SB detection component 114, and may be configured to perform any functions described herein with reference to UE 102 and/or SB detection component 114.
  • the processing system 4314 may be implemented with a bus architecture, represented generally by the bus 4302.
  • the bus 4302 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system 4314 and the overall design constraints.
  • the bus 4302 links together various circuits including one or more processors, represented generally by the processor 4304, one or more communications components, such as, for example, SB detection component 114 of FIG. 1, and computer-readable media, represented generally by the computer-readable medium 4306.
  • the bus 4302 may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
  • a bus interface 4308 provides an interface between the bus 4302 and a transceiver 4310.
  • the transceiver 4310 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium.
  • a user interface 4312 e.g., keypad, display, speaker, microphone, joystick
  • a user interface 4312 e.g
  • the processor 4304 is responsible for managing the bus 4302 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 4306.
  • the software when executed by the processor 4304, causes the processing system 4314 to perform the various functions described herein for any particular apparatus.
  • the computer-readable medium 4306 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 4304 when executing software, such as, for example, software modules represented by SB detection component 114.
  • software modules e.g., any algorithms or functions that may be executed by processor 4304 to perform the described functionality
  • data used therewith e.g., inputs, parameters, variables, and/or the like
  • the modules may be software modules running in the processor 4304, resident and/or stored in the computer-readable medium 4306, one or more hardware modules coupled to the processor 4304, or some combination thereof.
  • Telecommunications system 4400 includes UEs 4410 which may be examples of UE 102 of FIG. 1 and which may include and execute SB detection component 114 to perform any functions described herein.
  • UEs 4410 may be examples of UE 102 of FIG. 1 and which may include and execute SB detection component 114 to perform any functions described herein.
  • the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented across a broad variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards.
  • the aspects of the present disclosure illustrated in FIG. 44 are presented with reference to a UMTS system employing a TD-SCDMA standard.
  • the UMTS system includes a (radio access network) RAN 4402 (e.g., UTRAN) that provides various wireless services including telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and/or other services.
  • the RAN 4402 may be divided into a number of Radio Network Subsystems (RNSs) such as an RNS 4407, each controlled by a Radio Network Controller (RNC) such as an RNC 4406.
  • RNSs Radio Network Subsystems
  • RNC Radio Network Controller
  • the RAN 4402 may include any number of RNCs and RNSs in addition to the RNC 4406 and RNS 4407.
  • the RNC 4406 is an apparatus responsible for, among other things, assigning, reconfiguring and releasing radio resources within the RNS 4407.
  • the RNC 4406 may be interconnected to other RNCs (not shown) in the RAN 4402 through various types of interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like, using any suitable transport network.
  • the geographic region covered by the RNS 4407 may be divided into a number of cells, with a radio transceiver apparatus serving each cell.
  • a radio transceiver apparatus is commonly referred to as a Node B in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base station (BS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), an access point (AP), or some other suitable terminology.
  • BS basic service set
  • ESS extended service set
  • AP access point
  • a mobile apparatus examples include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a notebook, a netbook, a smartbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, or any other similar functioning device.
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the mobile apparatus is commonly referred to as user equipment (UE) in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT), a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
  • UE user equipment
  • MS mobile station
  • AT access terminal
  • three UEs 4410 which may be the same as or similar to UE 102 of FIG.
  • DL downlink
  • UL uplink
  • the core network 4404 includes a GSM core network.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • the core network 4404 supports circuit-switched services with a mobile switching center (MSC) 4412 and a gateway MSC (GMSC) 4414.
  • MSC mobile switching center
  • GMSC gateway MSC
  • the MSC 4412 is an apparatus that controls call setup, call routing, and UE mobility functions.
  • the MSC 4412 also includes a visitor location register (VLR) (not shown) that contains subscriber-related information for the duration that a UE is in the coverage area of the MSC 4412.
  • VLR visitor location register
  • the GMSC 4414 provides a gateway through the MSC 4412 for the UE to access a circuit-switched network 4416.
  • the GMSC 4414 includes a home location register (HLR) (not shown) containing subscriber data, such as the data reflecting the details of the services to which a particular user has subscribed.
  • HLR home location register
  • the HLR is also associated with an authentication center (AuC) that contains subscriber-specific authentication data.
  • AuC authentication center
  • the core network 4404 also supports packet-data services with a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 4418 and a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 4420.
  • GPRS which stands for General Packet Radio Service, is designed to provide packet- data services at speeds higher than those available with standard GSM circuit- switched data services.
  • the GGSN 4420 provides a connection for the RAN 4402 to a packet-based network 4422.
  • the packet-based network 4422 may be the Internet, a private data network, or some other suitable packet-based network.
  • the primary function of the GGSN 4420 is to provide the UEs 4410 with packet-based network connectivity.
  • the UMTS air interface is a spread spectrum Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) system.
  • DS-CDMA Spread spectrum Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access
  • the TD-SCDMA standard is based on such direct sequence spread spectrum technology and additionally calls for a time division duplexing (TDD), rather than a frequency division duplexing (FDD) as used in many FDD mode UMTSAV -CDMA systems.
  • TDD uses the same carrier frequency for both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) between a Node B 4408 and a UE 4410, but divides uplink and downlink transmissions into different time slots in the carrier.
  • FIG. 45 shows a frame structure 4500 for a TD-SCDMA carrier, which may be used for communications between base stations 104, 106 of FIG. 1, and UE 102, also of FIG. 1.
  • the TD-SCDMA carrier as illustrated, has a frame 4502 that is 10 milliseconds (ms) in duration.
  • the frame 4502 has two 5 ms subframes 4504, and each of the subframes 4504 includes seven time slots, TS0 through TS6.
  • the first time slot, TS0 is usually allocated for downlink communication, while the second time slot, TS1, is usually allocated for uplink communication.
  • the remaining time slots, TS2 through TS6, may be used for either uplink or downlink, which allows for greater flexibility during times of higher data transmission times in either the uplink or downlink directions.
  • a downlink pilot time slot (DwPTS) 4506, a guard period (GP) 4508, and an uplink pilot time slot (UpPTS) 4510 (also known as the uplink pilot channel (UpPCH)) are located between TS0 and TS1.
  • the SYNC UL code may be transmitted through the UpPTS 4510 of FIG. 45.
  • FPACH may be received in TS0 of FIG. 45.
  • Each time slot, TS0-TS6, may allow data transmission multiplexed on a maximum of 16 code channels.
  • Data transmission on a code channel includes two data portions 4512 separated by a midamble 4514 and followed by a guard period (GP) 4516.
  • the midamble 4514 may be used for features, such as channel estimation, while the GP 4516 may be used to avoid inter-burst interference.
  • FIG. 46 is a block diagram of a Node B 4610 in communication with a UE 4650 in a RAN 4600.
  • Node B 4610 may be an example of base station 104 or base station 106 of FIG. 1
  • UE 4650 may be an example of UE 102 of FIG. 1 and may include and execute SB detection component 114 of FIG. 1 to perform any functions described herein.
  • a transmit processor 4620 may receive data from a data source 4612 and control signals from a controller/processor 4640. The transmit processor 4620 provides various signal processing functions for the data and control signals, as well as reference signals (e.g., pilot signals).
  • the transmit processor 4620 may provide cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes for error detection, coding and interleaving to facilitate forward error correction (FEC), mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), and the like), spreading with orthogonal variable spreading factors (OVSF), and multiplying with scrambling codes to produce a series of symbols.
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
  • M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
  • M-QAM M-quadrature amplitude modulation
  • OVSF orthogonal variable spreading factors
  • channel estimates may be derived from a reference signal transmitted by the UE 4650 or from feedback contained in the midamble 4514 (FIG. 45) from the UE 4650.
  • the symbols generated by the transmit processor 4620 are provided to a transmit frame processor 4630 to create a frame structure.
  • the transmit frame processor 4630 creates this frame structure by multiplexing the symbols with a midamble 4514 (FIG. 45) from the controller/processor 4640, resulting in a series of frames.
  • the frames are then provided to a transmitter 4632, which provides various signal conditioning functions including amplifying, filtering, and modulating the frames onto a carrier for downlink transmission over the wireless medium through smart antennas 4634.
  • the smart antennas 4634 may be implemented with beam steering bidirectional adaptive antenna arrays or other similar beam technologies.
  • a receiver 4654 receives the downlink transmission through an antenna 4652 and processes the transmission to recover the information modulated onto the carrier.
  • the information recovered by the receiver 4654 is provided to a receive frame processor 4660, which parses each frame, and provides the midamble 4514 (FIG. 45) to a channel processor 4694 and the data, control, and reference signals to a receive processor 4670.
  • the receive processor 4670 then performs the inverse of the processing performed by the transmit processor 4620 in the Node B 4610. More specifically, the receive processor 4670 descrambles and despreads the symbols, and then determines the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the Node B 4610 based on the modulation scheme.
  • the soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel processor 4694.
  • the soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data, control, and reference signals.
  • the CRC codes are then checked to determine whether the frames were successfully decoded.
  • the data carried by the successfully decoded frames will then be provided to a data sink 4672, which represents applications running in the UE 4650 and/or various user interfaces (e.g., display).
  • Control signals carried by successfully decoded frames will be provided to a controller/processor 4690.
  • the controller/processor 4690 may also use an acknowledgement (ACK) and/or negative acknowledgement (NACK) protocol to support retransmission requests for those frames.
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • NACK negative acknowledgement
  • a transmit processor 4680 receives data from a data source 4678 and control signals from the controller/processor 4690 and provides various signal processing functions including CRC codes, coding and interleaving to facilitate FEC, mapping to signal constellations, spreading with OVSFs, and scrambling to produce a series of symbols.
  • Channel estimates may be used to select the appropriate coding, modulation, spreading, and/or scrambling schemes.
  • the symbols produced by the transmit processor 4680 will be provided to a transmit frame processor 4682 to create a frame structure.
  • the transmit frame processor 4682 creates this frame structure by multiplexing the symbols with a midamble 4514 (FIG. 45) from the controller/processor 4690, resulting in a series of frames.
  • the frames are then provided to a transmitter 4656, which provides various signal conditioning functions including amplification, filtering, and modulating the frames onto a carrier for uplink transmission over the wireless medium through the antenna 4652.
  • the uplink transmission is processed at the Node B 4610 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 4650.
  • a receiver 4635 receives the uplink transmission through the antenna 4634 and processes the transmission to recover the information modulated onto the carrier.
  • the information recovered by the receiver 4635 is provided to a receive frame processor 4636, which parses each frame, and provides the midamble 4514 (FIG. 45) to the channel processor 4644 and the data, control, and reference signals to a receive processor 4638.
  • the receive processor 4638 performs the inverse of the processing performed by the transmit processor 4680 in the UE 4650.
  • the data and control signals carried by the successfully decoded frames may then be provided to a data sink 4639 and the controller/processor, respectively. If some of the frames were unsuccessfully decoded by the receive processor, the controller/processor 4640 may also use an acknowledgement (ACK) and/or negative acknowledgement (NACK) protocol to support retransmission requests for those frames.
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • the controller/processors 4640 and 4690 may be used to direct the operation at the Node B 4610 and the UE 4650, respectively.
  • the controller/processors 4640 and 4690 may provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions.
  • the computer readable media of memories 4642 and 4692 may store data and software for the Node B 4610 and the UE 4650, respectively.
  • a scheduler/processor 4646 at the Node B 4610 may be used to allocate resources to the UEs and schedule downlink and/or uplink transmissions for the UEs.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • CDMA2000 Evolution-Data Optimized
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
  • IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
  • IEEE 802.20 Ultra-Wideband
  • Bluetooth Bluetooth
  • the actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and/or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.
  • processors have been described in connection with various apparatuses and methods. These processors may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such processors are implemented as hardware or software will depend upon the particular application and overall design constraints imposed on the system.
  • a processor, any portion of a processor, or any combination of processors presented in this disclosure may be implemented with a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic device (PLD), a state machine, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable processing components configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • PLD programmable logic device
  • the functionality of a processor, any portion of a processor, or any combination of processors presented in this disclosure may be implemented with software being executed by a microprocessor, microcontroller, DSP, or other suitable platform.
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • the software may reside on a computer-readable medium.
  • a computer- readable medium may include, by way of example, memory such as a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip), an optical disk (e.g., compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, or a removable disk.
  • memory is shown separate from the processors in the various aspects presented throughout this disclosure, the memory may be internal to the processors (e.g., cache or register).
  • Computer-readable media may be embodied in a computer-program product.
  • a computer-program product may include a computer- readable medium in packaging materials.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne, dans certains aspects, la détection de salves spéciales (SB) en accès multiple par répartition de code synchrone à répartition temporelle (TD-SCDMA) selon qu'une reconfiguration de canal physique est en cours ou non. La présente invention concerne également, dans certains aspects, la détection de SB d'après un test d'hypothèses (HT) modifié. D'autres aspects concernent la détection conjointe de SB basée sur le HT, le décodage d'indices de combinaison de formats de transport (TFCI) et l'estimation du rapport signal-bruit (SNR). D'autres aspects concernent des améliorations apportées à la régulation de puissance une fois qu'une SB est détectée. Par exemple, pour une régulation de puissance en boucle intérieure (ILPC), une estimation du SNR au maximum de vraisemblance (ML) peut être utilisée. Pour une régulation de puissance en boucle extérieure (OLPC), un décodage virtuel de SB peut être effectué, qui peut générer un CRC virtuel utilisé pour piloter une consigne de SIR.
PCT/CN2014/075283 2014-04-14 2014-04-14 Appareil et procédés de détection de salves spéciales en td-scdma WO2015157890A1 (fr)

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JP2023517138A (ja) * 2020-04-06 2023-04-21 ヴィアサット，インコーポレイテッド 通信システムのための多段階バースト検出

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