WO2015155327A1

WO2015155327A1 - Heat shield

Info

Publication number: WO2015155327A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/057821
Authority: WO
Inventors: Giacomo Giaimi; Tim DANIEL; Thomas Eberle; Franz Schweiggart
Original assignee: Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh
Priority date: 2014-04-11
Filing date: 2015-04-10
Publication date: 2015-10-15
Also published as: DE112015001782T5; DE202014003108U1

Abstract

Heat shield for shielding an object against heat and/or sound with at least one metallic layer extending at least in sections with the heat shield on at least one of its surfaces comprising an intermediate body at least in sections, characterized in that the intermediate body at least in one, preferably in several connection areas being connected with the at least one metallic layer frictionally and/or positively, with the intermediate body at least outside of the connecting areas being compressible and elastic.

Description

Heat shield

[0001] The invention relates to a heat shield for shielding of an object against heat and/or sound with at least one metallic layer extending at least in sections, as well as an

arrangement of parts comprising at least one such heat shield as well as one further part. Heat shields aim for instance in engine compartments of vehicles, in particular in their exhaust line, for the protection of temperature-sensitive parts and aggregates which are situated very close to hot parts against non-admissible overheating. In most cases, the heat shields do also improve the sound protection.

[0002] Usually, such heat shields are three-dimensionally formed structural parts, which are connected via at least one, preferably however over at least two points, e.g. on a cold or heat-guiding part. Given the dense arrangement of parts in the engine and exhaust area of modern vehicles, the heat shields more and more often contact adjacent part, so that the danger occurs that the heat shield clacks against such parts or that there remains only a small gap between the heat shield and the next-lying parts, which can operate as a chimney and this way with a disadvantageous arrangement of the parts guides hot parts to temperature-sensitive parts. Both effects cause a damage at the parts affected which absolutely has to be avoided.

[0003] In the state of the art, it has been tried to avoiding this by welding wire meshes to such contact areas. Given the temperature difference between the non-operating state and the operating state and the temperature expansion of the parts related to this on the one hand and the vibrations, which cannot be avoided in the area close to the engine on the other hand, the heat shield and the other part approach each other. The wire meshes to however comprise a large sliding friction, so that the support area of the wire mesh undergoes strong abrasion and is continuously destructed.

[0004] It has further been tried to bridge such contact areas using floating elements, as is for instance the case in DE 10 2004 023 442 Al. Such a solution is very demanding with respect to production. Practice has shown that floatingly born elements cause additional acoustical problems.

[0005] It is therefore the object of the invention to provide for a heat shield which makes it possible to avoid the flow of hot areas towards undesired directions and during contact with adjacent parts on a long term avoids a destruction of their surface. The use of the heat shield for high temperature areas of more than 400°C shall continuously be possible.

[0006] This object is solved with a heat shield according to claim 1 and an arrangement of parts according to claim 23. Advantageous embodiments are given in the dependent claims.

[0007] The heat shield thus on the one hand relates to a heat shield for shielding of an object against heat and/or sound with at least one metallic section extending at least in sections, with the heat shield on at least one of its surfaces comprising an intermediate body. The intermediate body here on the one hand serves as a contact area towards other parts so that they may not clap immediately against each other and on the other hand serves as a barrier for hot gases. The intermediate body is connected frictionally and/or positively to the at least one metallic layer in at least one connection area, preferably at several connection areas. At least outside of the connection area, the intermediate body is compressible and elastic, so that the vibrations, which cannot be avoided in the vicinity of the engine, can be absorbed. Further, the intermediate body with its elasticity balances out the distance between the heat shield and the adjacent part.

[0008] Preferably, the intermediate body extends along a longitudinal direction, i.e. it is a lengthy body stretching along the heat shield. Preferably at least a section of the

intermediate body along said longitudinal direction at least partially or fully is formed as a hollow body, which is closed perpendicular to said longitudinal direction, e.g. as a tubus, cylinder etc.. Such a hollow part is compressible and may securely enclose further elements of the intermediate body.

[0009] It is preferred if the intermediate body comprises at least one outer body and at least one compressible and elastic inner body, which is arranged within the outer body, preferably at least partially at said closed hollow section. In order to avoid destructions of the surfaces contacting the intermediate body, the outer body on its outer surface preferably has a sliding friction as small as possible, in particular on an adjacent further part. In particular, the sliding friction on the outer surface of the outer body on metal sheets from steel or aluminum or on cast metallic parts is smaller than the sliding friction of the outer surface of the inner body on comparable metal sheets from steel or aluminum or on cast metallic parts or on the inner surface of the outer body.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the inner body is realized as a hollow body. It may for instance consist in a tube, with tube-shaped mesh materials, in particular knitted tubes or woven tubes being particularly suited as tube material. The inner body preferably consists in a metallic material so that the temperature-stability required for its use in areas close to the engine is given. In order to achieve the compressibility and elasticity required for the intermediate body, it is not formed from a solid metal, but preferably comprises a wire material, in particular a copper, brass or steel wire or consists in such wire materials. Circular knittings from wire in most cases have a spanned, approximately round cross-section and therefore are compressible and elastic. Welded tubes with a wire thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm and a mesh width in the expanded state of 2 to 5 mm, preferably 2.5 to 3.5 mm, are preferred in this context. For applications at lower temperatures, polymer-based materials can be used, too.

[0011] The at least one outer body of the intermediate body itself comprises at least one section with a hollow-body shape, which on its own is preferably tube-shaped, too. Thus, the hollow part of the outer body preferably is at least in sections or along the full length of the inner body or along the full length of the outer body closed in its circumferential direction perpendicular to its longitudinal extension and surrounding the inner body. This allows for the take-up of the inner body in the outer body. To this end, the width of the at least one hollow-body-shaped section of the outer body is at least as large as the width of the inner body, preferably slightly larger. In this context, the widths are determined in the flat, compressed state. In order to enable the compression of the inner body, the outer body of the intermediate body is itself also compressible, namely in that sense compressible that it can follow the compression of the inner body. It is however not required that the outer body of the intermediate body is itself resilient. Rather, it is sufficient, if the deflection of the outer body is operated by the inner body and not by the outer body on its own.

[0012] For the connection of the inner body, it is advantageous if the outer body does not only consist in a hollow-body shaped section which takes up the inner body, but also comprises a lateral section, which in first instance serves for the connection and/or fixing of the intermediate body to a further part. This lateral section is designed dependent on the way of connection chosen, but it is preferably less broad than the hollow-body-shaped section. Here again, the width in the flat, compressed state is referred to.

[0013] In order to achieve a small sliding friction, the outer body preferably consists in a fiber material, in particular a cord material, knitted material or woven material. It is advantageous with respect to temperature stability to use fiber materials, which comprise or consist of glass fiber, in particular fibers from E-glass.

[0014] The preferred materials for the inner and outer body provide the intermediate body and as a consequence the entire heat shield a permanent temperature stability of up to 450°C, preferably of up to 550°C and most preferred of up to 650°C.

[0015] In addition to its compressibility and elasticity, the intermediate body also shows flexibility in its longitudinal direction. It is particularly preferred if the inner body may be stretched from a compressed state to a stretched state by at least 20%, preferably by at least 35%. It is also advantageous, if the outer body can be elastically stretched in

longitudinal direction, too. This elasticity is however smaller than for the inner body, e.g. at least 5%, preferably at least 10%. This way, the inner body can also be installed with an extension that is not completely straight. With this, the intermediate body is particularly suited for curved outer edges or curved sections of outer edges.

[0016] The intermediate body can be fastened frictionally and/or positively to the heat shield by a connection with a separate fastening means. Rivets or fastening rails are particularly suited for this. While a direct connection to the heat shield layer(s) is generally realized with rivets, a fastening rail dependent on its shape can be installed directly or indirectly. An s-shaped fastening rail can take up sections of the intermediate body in one arc while the other arc serves for the fastening to at least one of the heat shield layers. A u- shaped fastening rail on the one hand makes it possible to take up both an edge section of the heat shield itself and a section of the intermediate body. On the other hand, only a section of the intermediate body may be taken up in the fastening rail, which in turn is fastened to the surface of the heat shield, e.g. by clinching with the heat shield or at least one of its layers. Instead of extended u- or s-shaped fastening rails, at least one, preferably at least two u- or s-shaped fastening clips may be used. It is also possible to fasten the intermediate body to the heat shield using metallic clips comparable to staples. [0017] In an alternative embodiment, the intermediate body can be fastened to the heat shield with positive fit and/or frictional connection in that at least one of the at least one metallic layers of the heat shield at least in sections reaches over the intermediate body in sections, reaches into the intermediate body in sections and/or passes through the intermediate body. In case the outer body comprises a lateral section, it is preferred if the immediate connection is realized between the at least one layer of the heat shield and at least the lateral section of the outer body.

[0018] A first variant provides that an edge section, in particular an outer edge section, of the at least one layer of the heat shield as the fastening means, reaches over the lateral section of the outer body of the intermediate body over its entire length. To this end, an edge section of the at least one layer of the heat shield is folded back to itself and clamps the intermediate body into the interspace between the layer and the folded section. An alternative variant provides that edge sections of at least one layer of the heat shield reach over the lateral section of the outer body of the intermediate body only in sections, preferably in two sections, in particular in both terminal sections. In the same way, it is possible that edge sections of the at least one layer of the heat shield reach over the intermediate body in sections relative to its longitudinal extension but over its entire width. This solution can be applied both for intermediate bodies with and without lateral section of the outer body. It is preferred if the overlap is realized in at least two sections, in particular in two terminal sections, of the intermediate body. The overlap in the terminal sections further enables a complete coverage of these terminal sections by the at least one metal sheet, so that these terminal sections are even better protected against mechanical destructions.

[0019] A variant provides that the sections of the at least one heat shield layer reaching over the sections of the intermediate body protrude over the adjacent edge, in particular outer edge of the heat shield also in the bent state, and this way enable a protrusion of the intermediate body over the edge of the heat shield. As an alternative, only those sections of the at least one heat shield layer which remain between the sections reaching over the intermediate body are recessed relative to the outer edge of the heat shield, so that the sections of the intermediate body are reached over by the sections of the at least one heat shield layer, but that the intermediate body does not encounter any further limitation by the surfaces of the heat shield. This embodiment is particularly suited if the heat shield in the area of the intermediate body rests against other parts on both its surfaces. Here, the intermediate body overlaps with the heat shield only in the connection areas.

[0020] A further variant, in which the intermediate body is reached over in sections, provides that lugs are cut free from at least one metallic layer of the heat shield, adjacent to but also distanced to the edge, and bent from the plane of the layer, in order to take up the intermediate body and deformed again after they have taken up the intermediate body, with the intermediate body being held in between.

[0021] In the same way it is possible that from the edge of at least one layer of the heat shield, several lugs protrude, with at least one pair of lugs which is only slightly distanced to each other reaching over the intermediate body alternatingly from both sides and this way keeps it in its position. Here, the free edge of the lugs is bent or kinked, so that the intermediate body, preferably its lateral section, is permanently held. These lugs can also be considered as surface of the heat shield in the meaning of the present invention.

[0022] Another variant provides that a thin fastening section is formed from at least one, preferably from exactly one metallic layer of the heat shield, in particular from its edge or in continuation of its edge, especially its outer edge, in such a way that its free end is shaped in such a manner that it is facilitated to pass it through a passage opening in the intermediate body or to immediately pass it through the material of the intermediate body, e.g. by a rounded or tipped design of the free end. This at least one fastening section is thus passed through a passage opening which has beforehand formed in the intermediate body, in particular a non-filled lateral section of the intermediate body, and is bent backward in the direction of the metallic layer of the heat shield and around the intermediate body. The free end of the fastening section may come to rest on the surface of the heat shield to which the intermediate body is applied. The free end of the fastening section may however also be passed through a passage opening given in at least one, preferably in all layers of the heat shield and deformed on the opposite surface of the heat shield in such a way that a release of the fastening section from the passage opening and therefore also a release of the intermediate body is prevented from. A comparable solution can also be achieved with a fastening means which is independent from the heat shield, e.g. with a metal strip or a wire, which passes through the heat shield and the intermediate body.

[0023] Preferably, the intermediate body longitudinally extends at least in sections along the surface of the heat shield, with the sum of the sectional lengths of the intermediate body along this surface being larger than the width of the intermediate body transverse to this longitudinal extension.

[0024] The intermediate body further preferably extends in the area of the edge of the heat shield, where it can for instance extend along the entire edge. The edge here may be the outer edge or an inner edge of the heat shield, in particular an inner edge encircling a passage opening for a functional part, e.g. a lambda probe. In this context, the inner edge is not an edge of an opening for a fixing means, e.g. fastening holes like screw holes, where substantial mounting forces are applied to the heat shield. In most cases, it is however sufficient and to be preferred for cost reasons, if only sections of the edge of the heat shield are provided with an intermediate body. These are in particular those sections, where a continuation of the flow of hot gases has to be avoided. At the contact areas between the heat shield and another part, it is sufficient in order to avoid direct contact due to the thickness of the intermediate body remaining in the compressed state, that only a small area is provided with an intermediate body. Often the intermediate body will be attached along several sections of the edge which sections are distanced to each other. In each case, the entire length of the intermediate body along the edge at which it extends - in cases in sections - is longer than its width transverse to this extension direction.

[0025] The at least one intermediate body is preferably mounted in such a way that it completely extends on one surface of the heat shield. In some cases, this is however not possible, e.g. if the outer edge of the heat shield shows a pronouncedly structured or even fissured course. In such a situation, It is advantageous if the protrusion of the intermediate body over the edge of the heat shield or of the at least one metallic layer of the heat shield is at the most as broad - in a direction transverse to the edge of the heat shield - as the overlapping area of the corresponding intermediate body with the heat shield or its at least one layer, respectively, or in some situations only with at least one lug of this layer. On the other hand, it is not mandatory that the intermediate body extends along the edge of the heat shield or of its at least one metallic layer, but it may also be recessed relative to the edge. It is however advantageous if the intermediate body is shifted inwardly relative to the outer edge only to such a degree that the edge of the intermediate body which faces the edge of the heat shield or of the heat shield layer, is at the most distanced to the edge of the heat shield or the heat shield layer by the width corresponding to the width of the intermediate body in its compressed state.

[0026] Heat shields according to the invention in one variant comprise only one metallic layer. To this end, usually a steel sheet or an aluminum sheet are used, which may adapted to the individual demands, e.g. relating to its reflection properties, using suitable coatings. In this context, steel sheets are often coated with aluminum or aluminum alloys. Often, one- layered heat shields are micro-structured, either through their entire cross-section or only on one of their surfaces, e.g. by dimples or ribs. In the same way, it is possible that a heat- shield layer comprises micro perforations over its entire area or only in sections.

[0027] In another variant, the heat shield according to the invention consists in two metallic layers, which rest one on the other over their entire area or which are distanced to each other at least in sections. In the latter case, they may comprise a filling material between them or only an air cushion. Here, at least one of the layers either through its complete thickness or only on at least one of its surfaces may be micro-structured, too. Again, in particular steel or aluminum sheets, with or without coating, is used. If both metallic layers are structured, it is preferred if the layers show a structure which is not complimentary, thus which cannot be inserted one into the other. This way, the contact area of the layers is kept small. For an improvement of the acoustic properties of the heat shield, it is preferred if at least one metallic layer - usually the one adjacent to the source of sound - is perforated, so that resonance spaces form between the layers. It is particularly preferred if perforations in one metallic layer are combined with dimples in the adjacent metallic layer, with the arrangement of the dimples and perforations being adapted one to the other.

[0028] Further, the thermal, but in particular the acoustic properties of the heat shields, can be improved when combining the at least one metallic layer with a fiber-based layer, which comprises in particular mineral fiber, glass fiber, carbon fiber and/or their blend fibers with or without an impregnation and/or chemical modification or consists in such fibers or with a layer from compressed mineral particles, which consist of or comprise mica, expanded mica, graphite or expanded graphite or a layer from temperature-stable paper, in particular fiber- reinforced paper. The fiber-based insulation materials mentioned here are preferably woven, warp knitted, crocheted, knitted, laid or a fleece.

[0029] In a heat shield with only one metallic layer, one usually combines this one layer only with fiber-based material, since with particle-based layers, there exists the risk that the particles release from one another so that crumbs result. The metallic layer here does not have to be realized over the entire area, in several cases, it may be preferably if it only spans the outer edge of the heat shield, but comprises recesses in the inner area of the respective surface of the heat shield. In these recessed areas, the heat shield in cross section thus only consists of the fiber-based layer. This kind of recess is always larger than a passage opening for a fastening means. With this construction of a heat shield, the fastening of the intermediate body is preferably realized at the metallic layer.

[0030] With heat shields with at least two metallic layers, the paper-, fiber- or particle-based layer is usually provided between the two metallic layers. Both with these heat shields and with heat shields comprising only metallic layers, the metallic layers essentially extend over the entire area of the heat shield.

[0031] The heat shield may have a one-piece, essentially planar or bowl-shaped basic shape. Then, the intermediate body fastened to the heat shield preferably comes to rest at another part. The heat shield may however also consist of several parts; this is particularly preferred if the heat shield comprises only one metallic layer and a fiber-based layer facing the heat- guiding part. Here, it can be advantageous if at least one intermediate body is fastened to one heat shield part in such a way that it comes to lie between the heat shield parts in the installed state of the heat shield parts. This is particularly preferred if, due to forming reasons, sections of the contact surface can only be approached to each other to such a degree that a gap remains. The heat shield may however also show a shape that is closed to a ring. Here, on the one hand, one-piece constructions are possible where the closure of the ring is realized by approaching two sections of the heat shield. Here again, it is advantageous if at least one intermediate body is attached to one outer edge in such a way that it seals the contact surface and/or decouples the contact surface thermally and/or acoustically.

[0032] On the other hand, the invention relates to an arrangement consisting in at least one heat shield and at least one further part, with an intermediate body being mounted to the heat shield in such a way that in the installed state of the heat shield, it rests at least in sections to the other part. In the same way, it is possible that the heat shield provided with the intermediate body is installed between two parts in such a way that the intermediate body rests on both parts at least in sections, in particular rests on both parts in such a way that in at least one point, but preferably over a larger area, a direct contact between the intermediate body and the two parts is given. The at least one further part may be a further heat shield. This is especially preferred if one of the heat shields is connected to a first element, e.g. an exhaust manifold gasket, and the other one of the heat shields is connected to a second element, e.g. a cylinder head cover. As an alternative, it is however also possible that the at least one further part is a heat-guiding part, e.g. a cylinder head or a part of an exhaust line of a combustion engine, in particular an exhaust manifold, a turbo charger, a catalyst or an exhaust pipe.

[0033] In the following, the invention is explained in detail using drawings. These drawings only serve for the explanation of preferred embodiments of the invention without the invention being limited to them. In the drawings, identical parts are referred to with identical reference numbers. The drawings in addition to the essential characteristics of the present invention laid down in the independent claims also comprise optional and advantageous enhancements in varying combinations. Each individual one of these advantageous and/or optional enhancements of the invention can vary the invention given in the independent claims, also apart from any combination with one, several or all of the optional and/or advantageous enhancements simultaneously given in the examples. In particular with respect to the layer composition of the heat shield and the number of layers of the outer body, the invention is not limited to the embodiments depicted.

[0034] The figures show schematically:

Fig. 1: A schematic illustration of a contact area of a heat shield of the state of the art with an additional part;

Fig. 2: Two schematic sketches of installation situations of a heat shield according to the invention;

Fig. 3: In eight partial drawings views of an intermediate body of heat shields according to the invention;

Fig. 4: In six partial drawings views of overlapping connections between the

intermediate body and the heat shield in heat shields according to the invention;

Fig. 5: In three partial drawings views of penetrating connections between the

Fig. 6: In five partial drawings views of connections between the intermediate body and the heat shield with separate fastening means in heat shields according to the invention;

Fig. 7: Lateral views of the installation situation of two heat shields according to the invention in the surrounding of a lambda probe; and

Fig. 8: Two top views of heat shields according to the invention.

[0035] Figure 1 shows a contact area between a heat shield 110 of the state of the art and a further part 160. The heat shield 110 and the further part 160 on the one hand are arranged in such a manner that a small distance remains between them, which in general involves the danger that hot gases may flow off through this contact area and under negative

circumstance even undergo an acceleration or a redirection towards a heat-sensitive part, which is to be avoided. On the other hand, during start-up of the engine, a temperature rise and therefore a thermal expansion of both parts occurs. With the heat shield 110 being mounted in its lower area and the adjacent part 160 in its upper area - what is not visible in the figure as the fastening areas are situated outside of the area depicted - heating up results in an upward expansion of the heat shield 110 and a downward expansion of the adjacent part 160. If there is no distance between the parts given their installation position, a sliding of the parts one on the other occurs, which in most cases is related to abrasion and therefore involves the danger of a destruction of the parts. In addition there is the problem that the operation of the engine is linked to vibrations, which spread in the parts and are transmitted between the parts. Therefore, the parts move towards each other and away from each other. Destructions caused by friction can arise in addition to deformations during impingement of the parts. Thus, with heat shields of the state of the art, no matter whether they are installed with or without a gap to the adjacent part, the danger of destruction arises.

[0036] The heat shield according to the invention faces this problem. Figure 2 in two basic outlines illustrates the installation situation of heat shields 10 according to the invention. In figure 2-a the installation situation of a three-layered heat shield 10 with two metallic outer layers 11, 54 and an insulation layer 51, which essentially consists in compressed mica, is shown. Other than in the heat shield 110 according to the state of the art shown

beforehand, this heat shield 10 comprises an additional intermediate body 20, which is arranged on the surface 18 of the heat shield 10 pointing towards the part 60 and which in its lateral section 27 is overlapped by the folded-over metallic layers 11, 54 and positively connected on the surface of the layer 11. At least outside of the lateral section 27 used for the connection, the intermediate body 20 is compressible and elastic and consists in an inner body 22 and an outer body 21. In the situation illustrated, the part 60 rests on the intermediate body 20, so that a barrier for hot gases is formed. The part 60 here significantly compresses a section of the intermediate body, which in the non-compressed state would be essentially round. Nevertheless, a small distance 68 remains between the part 60 and the metallic layer 54 of the heat shield, so that no direct friction of the parts occurs. The compressibility and elasticity of the intermediate body should be designed with respect to the possible expansion or deflection of the parts towards each other. The outer surface of the outer body 21 shows a considerably smaller sliding friction towards the surface of the part 60, than the metallic layers 54 and 11, respectively. Therefore, it is prevented that the parts during expansion or contraction caused by heating or cooling scrub one on the other. Rather a sliding with a very small friction occurs, so that no abrasion results.

[0037] Figure 2-a in addition to the heat shield 10 according to the invention also illustrates the entire arrangement of parts 80 consisting in the heat shield 10 according to the invention and the first further part 60 in sections.

[0038] Figure 2-b shows a section of an alternative arrangement of parts 80 consisting in a heat shield 10 with an intermediate body 20 as well as two further parts 60 and 65. The heat shield 10 according to the invention is arranged in such a way between the two parts 60 and 65, that both parts 60 and 65 rest against the intermediate body and this way obviate hot gases from ascending between one of the parts 60 and 65, respectively, and the heat shield 10. The intermediate body 20 consists of an inner body 22 and an outer body 21, which are immediately in contact with the parts 60, 65. Given the minimal sliding friction between the outer body 21 and the two parts 60, 65, both parts can slide along the intermediate body during temperature-dependent expansions or contractions without any problems. Further, the parts 60, 65 have such a shape that they come closest to the heat shield 10 in the area of the intermediate body 20, but that no direct contact between the parts 60, 65 and the two surfaces 18, 19 of the heat shield is given. The intermediate body 20 here only comprises a tubular section 26, but goes without a lateral section. The heat shield 10 itself here consists in two metallic outer layers 11, 54 and a layer 53 from temperature-stable fiber paper arranged between them. Although the section given in Figure 2-b is taken outside of the connection area, such a connection area 30 is indicated in its background. There the insulation layer 53 has been cut out and the intermediate body 20 is held between both metallic layers 11, 54 by compression. Doing so, the intermediate body is deformed, as is indicated with the protrusion.

[0039] The intermediate body 20 of heat shields 10 according to the invention is illustrated with several drawings in Figure 3. A first embodiment is illustrated in Figures 3-a and 3-b. Figure 3-a shows the outer body 21 of an intermediate body from glass fiber weave, which comprises a tubular section 26 with a width BA in the flat, meaning compressed state and a lateral section 27 with a width BS in the flat, meaning compressed state. Both sections are separated from each other at a separation line, which is for instance formed by a welding line or by a seam with a wire, a glass fiber or the like. The width BA of the section 26 having the shape of a hollow body here is larger than the width BS of the lateral section 27. Figure 3-b shows the same outer body 21 after insertion of the inner body 22, which is formed from a welded tube made from brass wire into the tubular section 26, it thus shows the entire intermediate body 20. The inner body 22 as such, shows an essentially round cross section when it is not compressed. With the insertion of this essentially round inner body, the width of the tubular section 26 is reduced in the projection shown and the entire tubular section shows an essentially round cross section.

[0040] In Figures 3-c and 3-d comparable outer bodies 21 are shown, however in an embodiment, which comprises no lateral section, so that the outer body 21 consists only in one tubular section 26 made from cord material from E-glass with a very smooth surface. The inner body 22, which in Figure 3-d has already been inserted into the outer body 21, consist in an essentially round knitted tube from brass wire. The internal tension of the metallic circular knitting causes the essentially round shape, compressibility and elasticity of the inner body 21. Figure 3-d thus shows the completed intermediate body 20.

[0041] Figures 3-e to 3-h show different designs for the outer body 21, which is formed from a cord material consisting in E-glass. This material is particularly suited due to its

temperature stability of up to 650°C and its excellent sliding properties of the outer surface 23 which results from the passement-like surface structure.

[0042] Figure 3-e shows an embodiment, in which a tubular section 26, where the material is wrapped twice, and a lateral section 27, in which the material has only one ply. The area of the lateral section 27 pointing away from the hollow-body section 26, forms an expanded fold, which can be particularly well held by fastening means or elements, was will also be described in the following. Again, the tubular section 26 and the lateral section 27 are separated from each other by a seam 28. The tubular section 26 is already shown with the round shape which it takes on permanently with the inner body 22 being inserted.

[0043] The embodiment of the outer body according to Figure 3-f shows a rolled-up hollow- body shaped section 26 as well as a further rolled-up terminal section 27a, which together with a section, in which the material extends ribbon-shaped, the lateral section 27. Both rolled-up sections are secured with a seam 28.

[0044] Figure 3-g illustrates an embodiment of an outer body 21 for an intermediate body of a heat shield 10, which outer body is quite easy to produce. Here, the tubular section 26 is formed as an open fold and separated from the lateral section 27 by a seam. The lateral section 27 consists only in two layers of the high-temperature resistive glass fiber material, the free ends of which point away from the tubular section 26.

[0045] In contrast, in the embodiment given in Figure 3-h, the material is used with at least two plies in all areas. As in the embodiment of Figure 3-g, the tubular section 26 is formed from an open fold. By contrast, the lateral section comprises a closed fold. A seam as such is not given, but a facial connection of the layers in the area of the lateral section, e.g. with a high-temperature resistive adhesive based on ceramic or soluble silicate. This embodiment is particularly suited for such ways of fastening at the heat shield, where the lateral section over a large part of its extension is overlapped by a fastening element, so that the lateral section encounters only view movement. As an alternative, it is possible that the layers of the lateral section 27 are kept in their position by individual clip connections.

[0046] Figure 4 shows six variants of connecting areas 30 with overlapping connections between the intermediate body 20 and the heat shield 10 in heat shields 10 according to the invention.

[0047] Figure 4-a shows an embodiment where a projection 31 of the outer edge 17a of the only layer 11 of the heat shield, namely of a metal sheet layer, is folded back in such a way that this folded area reaches over the entire lateral section 27 of the intermediate body 20. The intermediate body here as in Figure 3-f comprises a rolled-up and therefore thickened edge area, which is overlapped by the slightly enlarged section of the fold. In the flat area of the lateral section 27, the folded section 31 of the metal sheet layer 11 re-approaches the non-folded area of this metal sheet layer, so that at least the free end of the folded section 31 holds the lateral section 27 positively and frictionally.

[0048] In the embodiment given in Figure 4-b, an intermediate body 20 is shown which is connected to the two metal sheet layers 11, 54 of the heat shield 10 in two connection areas 30a, 30b. Comparable to the embodiment of Figure 4-a, the fastening elements here are formed as projecting sections protruding over the edge 17 of the heat shield 10, which projecting sections are folded back to the intermediate body and this way overlap the intermediate body 20. The connection is only realized in the terminal sections of the intermediate body. It is very clear here that the connecting lugs 31a, 31b compress the intermediate body 28 in the connecting areas 30. Outside of the connecting areas 30, the intermediate body, which here consists only in a tubular section with an inner 22 and an outer 21 body, is compressible and elastic, but in sections rest on the metal sheet layer on the surface pointing away from the spectator, so that this embodiment, as the preceding one is particularly suited for situations where the heat shield 10 only with one of its surfaces is arranged in the immediate neighborhood of a further part. The intermediate body then forms the contact area between the heat shield 10 and a further part 60. As the fastening lugs 31a, 31b also in the bent state slightly project over the remaining edge of the heat shield in the section shown, the intermediate body also protrudes over this edge. The protrusion of the intermediate body is even more pronounced than the one of the fastening lugs 31a, 31b given the compression of the intermediate body by the fastening lugs 31a, 31b.

[0049] The latter also applies for the embodiment in Figure 4-b, which to a large extent corresponds to the preceding one. However, the edge 17 of the heat shield 11 is recessed in the area between the fasting lugs 31a, 31b, so that a free space results on the side of the intermediate body 20 pointing away from the edge 17, in Figure 4-c below the intermediate body 20. This free space 14 can serve as a expansion space during the compression of the intermediate body 20. It is however even more important than this free space 14 is that the intermediate body between the two fastening areas 30a, 30b does not rest on a layer of the heat shield 10 neither on the surface of the heat shield facing the spectator nor on the side of the heat shield pointing away from the spectator. Therefore, this heat shield 10 is particularly suited for installation situations of the heat shield between two further parts 60, 65, as it has been shown in Figure 2-b. Further, the outer edge of the metallic layer 52 pointing away from the spectator is folded around the outer edge of the metallic layer 11 pointing towards the spectator 11 in the area outside of the connection area 30.

[0050] By contrast, Figure 4-d shows a section of a heat shield 10, where the intermediate body 20 is not installed immediately at the outer edge 17a, but recessed by a width BR, which essentially corresponds to the visible width of the intermediate body 20 and therefore to the width of the overlapping area of intermediate body 20 and heat shield 10. It shall however be stressed that the widths in this figure do not relate to the compressed state, as is the case for the general definition of any width in the context of this invention. If the intermediate body is compressed, it shows a larger width, namely the width BL. The width BR is thus smaller than the width BL. The embodiment given in Figure 4-d to a large extent corresponds to the one of Figure 4-b but for the lugs 32a, 32b other than the lugs 31a, 31b being immediately formed from the surface layer 22. They are cut free from this layer on three sides and comparable to the lugs 31a, 31b bent over the intermediate body 20. Figure 4-d further differs from the embodiment of Figure 4-b in that the heat shield does not only consist of two metallic layers, but that a paper based insulation layer 53 is given between them, which is visible in the area that is cut free because of the lugs being cut and formed.

[0051] The free ends of the lugs 32a, 32b in the embodiment of Figure 4-e other than in the preceding embodiment point to the outer edge 17a of the heat shield 10. As in the embodiment of Figure 4-d the lugs 32a, 32b are cut free from one metal sheet layer of the heat shield 10. They show an essentially smaller width than the lugs in the preceding example and do not overlap with the terminal sections of the intermediate body. In contrast, they are situated at about ½ of the longitudinal extension L of the intermediate body in the section shown. On the one hand, the section shown may correspond to the entire length of the intermediate body 20. On the other hand, it is also possible that the intermediate body in the same way as the heat shield 10 extends outside of the section shown and is positively connected with the remaining heat shield via further connection areas 30. The embodiment of the intermediate body 20 to the largest extent corresponds to the outer body 21 shown in Figure 3-g, where a round knitted tube made from a stainless steel knitted fabric is taken up as inner body 22. In the non-compressed state shown, the intermediate body 20 essentially until the outer edge 17a of the heat shield 10.

[0052] Figure 4-f shows a section of an embodiment of a heat shield 10 according to the invention, where in the section shown, three lug-shaped fastening elements 32a, 32b, 32c project over the outer edge 17a and this way form the connection areas 30a, 30b and 30c. the lug-shaped fastening elements 32a, 32b, 32c extend along the lateral section 27 of the intermediate body 20 with the fastening elements 32a, 32b, 32c alternating on the side facing the spectator and the side pointing away from the spectator. If the distances between these alternating fastening elements is not too large, e.g. smaller than their own width, they are able to positively hold the intermediate body 20 safely and permanently, especially if their amount is not too small, e.g. if it is at least five. However, this variant of the connection is preferably used in addition to other fastenings according to the invention. It is particularly preferred in case the intermediate body shows a considerable length, that it is fastened at or close to its ends with one of the fastenings described here and that it is additionally guided through alternating lugs in order to bridge the large distance between these connecting areas.

[0053] Both in Figure 4-a and in Figure 4-f, only one layer of the heat shield 11 is visible in the area depicted. On the one hand this can be due to the heat shield consisting only of one metallic layer 11. On the other hand, it is also possible that the heat shield in other areas shows more than one layer, but that only the layer 11 shown extends until the outer edge 17a shown.

[0054] In order to additionally securing the connection, the free ends of the lug-shaped fastening elements 32a, 32b, 32c can be bent towards the intermediate body or beyond its preferred extension plane, so that an additional tension results, with which the intermediate body 20 is held. As an alternative, it is also possible that the intermediate body 27 comprises slots, through which the lug-shaped fastening elements 32a, 32b, 32c may be guided at about half their length.

[0055] In Figure 5, embodiments of penetrating connections between the intermediate body 20 and the heat shield 10 in heat shields 10 according to the invention are shown. To this end, in each case fastening elements 33a, 33b and 37a, 37b, respectively, are formed from the unique metallic layer of the heat shield shown. The fastening elements 33a, 33b consist in lugs, which extend essentially orthogonal to the outer edge 17a of the heat shield 10. For this, a protrusion of the metal sheet layer 11 is required, which project over the outer edge 17a according to the length of the lug desired. This protrusion of the metal sheet layer is separated except for the sections to be used as lugs, e.g. by punching. The free ends may be realized with two right angles. It is however preferred that they are rounded or tipped as in Figure 5-b. In contrast, the fastening elements 37a, 37b extend essentially parallel to the outer edge 17a of the heat shield 10. Optimal production of the lugs 37a, 37b provides as well that a protrusion of the metal sheet layer is given, which does however only correspond to the width of the lugs. These are not only cut free laterally but punching off the material that is not required. Rather, a sectional cut is made between the outer edge of the heat shield and the edge of the lug which extends parallel to the outer edge while keeping a terminal connection section.

[0056] In the embodiment depicted in Figure 5-c, the lugs are bent open in the direction which enables that the intermediate body 20 is received. The corresponding bending line extends orthogonal to the outer edge 17a of the heat shield through the cutting line between the outer edge 17a and the edge of the lug adjacent to the latter. The lug is either directly pierced through the mesh material of the inner and outer body, without a passage opening being given beforehand. It is then twisted back essentially into its original position on the other surface of the intermediate body 20. The connection resembles the one which in the office is used in a plastic folder. The fastening elements 37a, 37b here only rest on the lateral section 27 of the intermediate body.

[0057] In contrast, in the embodiments shown in Figures 5-a and 5-b, the mounting elements 33a, 33b are bent around an edge, which edge essentially corresponds to a prolongation of the outer edge 17a of the heat shield 10. Here again, the mounting elements 33a, 33b are either lead through a passage opening 35a, 35b in the lateral section 27 of the intermediate body 20, or if no such passage opening is given, pierced through the mesh material. Other than in the embodiment of Figure 5-c, here, the mounting elements 33a, 33b are guided over the hollow-body section 26 of the intermediate body 20 and on the surface of the intermediate body 20 pointing away from the outer edge 17a back to the metal sheet layer 11. With a suitable material thickness and material width, it may be sufficient if the free edge of the mounting elements 33a, 33b is only guided back to the surface of the heat shield layer 11 visible in this Figure. In most cases it is however preferred, if the free edge of the mounting elements 33a, 33b are again fed through the heat shield body, or in the case given through its only metal layer 11 and secured, e.g. by folding over, on this backside, as is indicated in Figure 5-a. If the passage opening 34a, 34b, as in Figure 5-b, is realized as an oblong hole, it can be sufficient, that the arrow-like free edge on the backside is secured against a release by twisting.

[0058] The connecting areas 30 for the connection of heat shields 10 with an intermediate body 20 shown in Figure 6 other than the embodiments presented thus far each make use of at least one separate mounting element 40 for the fixation of the intermediate body 20 to at least one layer of the heat shield 10.

[0059] In Figures 6-a and 6-b, the separate mounting elements are rivets 41. Each of these rivets is guided through all heat shield layers - here only the layer 11 - and the lateral section 27 of the intermediate body 20. Although only one rivet 41 may be sufficient, in most cases it is not only one rivet 41 that is used for the connection/fixation of the intermediate body 20, but at least two, preferably at least three rivets, depending on the length of the intermediate body 20, as becomes clear from Figure 6-a. When fixing the intermediate body 20 using rivets at a large variety of positions and orientations of the rivets is possible. In Figure 6-a, the lateral section 27 of the intermediate body is arranged on top of the metallic layer 11, while the hollow body 21 is arranged adjacent to the edge 17 of the metallic layer 11 ouside the metallic layer 11. Thus, the edge 17 runs along the transition between the lateral section 27 and the hollow part 21. Further, the section of the rivet corresponding to a hollow body points to the edge 17. In Figure 6-b the hollow part 21 and most of the lateral section 27 are arranged on top of the metallic layer 11, with the lateral section 27 pointing towards the edge 17 of the metallic layer 11. Thus, the edge of the lateral section 27, which is opposite to the hollow section 21 runs along the edge 17 with the lateral section 27 being arranged at the edge 17 on the metallic layer 11 or protruding over the edge 17.

[0060] In contrast, figures 6-c and 6-d use connecting rails 42 (also termed "fastening rail") as separate mounting elements. The fastening rails 42 of the embodiment of Figure 6-c is realized as a U-shaped rail, while the one of the embodiment of Figure 6-d shows an S- shaped cross section. The embodiment in Figure 6-c resembles the one in Figure 4-a, in which the U-shaped mounting element 31 is however formed from the heat shield layer 11 itself. While the U-shaped fastening rail 42 in Figure 6-c takes up both the lateral section 27 of the intermediate body 20 and the metallic layer 11 in its unique opening enclosed by the U-shape of the fastening rail 42, both elements 27, 11 in the embodiment of Figure 6-d are taken up in two different concavities enclosed by the two U-shaped sections of the S-shaped fastening rail 42. Figure 6-d may not only represent a longitudinally extended S-shaped fastening rail, but also a shorter S-shaped fastening clip with a small longitudinal extension only.

[0061] Figure 6-e shows a further embodiment of the invention, where the separate mounting element 40 is realized as a metallic clip, comparable to a staple. This clip passes through the lateral section 27 of the intermediate body 20 and the layer 11. The

deformation of the free ends of the clip here is realized on the surface of the metal layer 11. In the same way, it would be possible that the closed side of the clip 43 rests on the surface of the metal layer 11 and the free ends on the intermediate body 20 or its lateral section 27. While the clip 43 here extends in the longitudinal direction of the intermediate body 20, other orientations are possible, too. A connection using this kind of clips is particularly preferred in such heat shields, which as the examples in Figure 7 consist of a metallic layer and a glass-fiber mat layer, in particular if these layers are also connected to each other with such clips.

[0062] Figure 7 illustrates the design of the environment of a passage opening for a lambda probe in a heat shield 10 in two different embodiments. Both heat shields are two-layered with an insulating layer 52 pointing towards the measurement area 91 of the lambda probe 90, which insulating layer 52 consists in a glass-fiber-based mat, and with a metal sheet or metal foil layer 11 facing the cable 92. In both layers 11, 52 of the heat shield 10, a passage opening for the passage of the measurement area 91 of the lambda probe is provided, which must correspond to no less than the outer dimensions of the measurement area 91, which in most cases is however realized slightly larger. If no additional measures are taken, the danger arises that hot gases ascend through the remaining passage and this way destruct the actual measurement area 91.

[0063] To prevent this, the intermediate body 20 is arranged at the corresponding inner edge 17b of the passage opening in such a way that on the one hand, during the insertion of the measurement body 91, it leaves free the edge of the passage opening and in the completely installed state, which is shown in both cases of Figure 7, forms a collar, thus forms a barrier between the lambda probe 90 and the heat shield and decouples vibrations and/or sound. In Figure 7-a, the tubular body 26 of the intermediate body 20 points towards the lower edge of the widest area of the measurement area 91 and is thus situated between this lower edge and the heat shield layer 52. In contrast, in Figure 7-b, the intermediate body is compressed between the collar-shaped section of the lambda probe 90 and the inner edge 17b or the heat shield layers 11, 52.

[0064] In Figure 8, two top views to heat shields 10 according to the invention are given. Heat shield 10 in Figure 8-a shows an essentially flat or bowl-shaped heat shield 10, two metallic outer layers 11, 54 of which are visible. The heat shield comprises two intermediate bodies 20, which are each arranged at the corners on the lower side of the heat shield. The connection of the intermediate body 20 to the heat shield is not shown here. The areas to which the intermediate bodies 20 are mounted in the installed state come to rest on an additional part 60. The intermediate body 20 here makes it possible that damages result neither from temperature-dependent shifts of the heat shield 10 relative to the part 60 nor due to vibrations of the two parts towards each other. Figure 8-a further illustrates that the length L of the intermediate body may be larger than its width B.

[0065] Figure 8-b shows a heat shield 10, which is combined from two partial shells 10a, 10b. The partial shells here each consist of one micro-structured, to be more precise micro- perforated, metallic layer 11 and one fiber-based insulating layer 52. In addition, openings 15 are provided in the metallic layers 11a, lib which enable vibrations to immediately enter into the fiber-mat material of the layer 52 in order to be absorbed there. The two partial shells are arranged around the part 90 to be shielded, e.g. a catalyst, so that the latter is enclosed to the highest degree possible so that it can reach its operation temperature as fast as possible when the engine has been started. Intermediate bodies 20 are arranged at the outer edge 17a' of the metal layer lib of the lower partial shell 10b in sections, namely almost completely surrounding the outer edge 17a'. During its installation, the outer edge 17a' does not immediately come to rest on the outer edge 17a of the upper partial shell 10a, but the intermediate body, or to be more precise the sectional intermediate bodies 20 lie in between and this way provide for a flexible sealing. In order to facilitate the installation, a flange 12 is provided in partial shell 10a, which flange 12 extends almost completely around the outer edge, which flange 12 then adjoins to the intermediate body 20. While in the example, the intermediate body is arranged in such a way that it extends along almost the entire length of the outer edge, it is of course also possible that the intermediate body or sections of intermediate bodies are provided in short sections only. This is even more preferred with heat shields of more complex shapes, where it is not possible to approach the entire interface of the two partial shells with the same distance. Here, intermediate bodies are in particular provided in those areas where the distance is larger than allowable, so that these jointings become sealed, too.

Claims

1. Heat shield (10) for shielding an object against heat and/or sound with at least one metallic layer (11) extending at least in sections

with the heat shield (10) on at least one of its surfaces (18, 19) comprising an intermediate body (20) at least in sections,

characterized in that

the intermediate body (20) at least in one, preferably in several connection areas (30) being connected with the at least one metallic layer (11) frictionally and/or positively,

with the intermediate body (20) at least outside of the connecting areas (30) being compressible and elastic.

2. Heat shield according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the intermediate body (20) extends along a longitudinal direction and comprises at least one section along said longitudinal direction, which at least partially or fully is formed as a hollow body, which hollow body is closed in its circumferential direction perpendicular to said longitudinal direction, wherein at least one section formed as a hollow body preferably is tubular.

3. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate body

(20) comprises at least one outer body (21) and at least one compressible and elastic inner body (22), wherein the elastic inner body (22) is arranged within the outer body (21).

4. Heat shield according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one outer body

(21) at its outer surface (23) has a smaller sliding friction than the inner body (22) on its outer surface.

5. Heat shield according to one of the preceding two claims, characterized in that the at least one inner body (22) is formed as a tubular body (26) with the tubular body preferably consisting in a tube, in particular in a tube made from mesh material and in particular a knitted tube.

6. Heat shield according to one of the preceding three claims, characterized in that the at least one inner body (22) comprises or consists of a metallic material, in particular a wire material and particularly preferably a copper or steel wire.

7. Heat shield according to one of the preceding four claims, characterized in that the at least one outer body (21) comprises at least one section (26) formed as a hollow body, which is preferably at least in sections or along the full length of the inner body or along the full length of the outer body closed in its circumferential direction perpendicular to its longitudinal extension and surrounding the inner body, wherein at least one section formed as a hollow body preferably is tubular.

8. Heat shield according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one outer body

(21) comprises at least one lateral section (27), which is arranged adjacent to at least one of the sections formed as a hollow body, and wherein in the compressed state, the width BS of the lateral section (27) is preferably smaller than the adjacent width (BA) of the adjacent section (26) formed as a hollow body.

9. Heat shield according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the at least one inner body

(22) consists in a fiber material, in particular in a cord material, with the fiber material preferably comprising or consisting of mineral and/or glass fibers, in particular fibers from E-glass.

10. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate body is permanently temperature-stable at temperatures of up to 450°C, in particular of up to 550°C and most preferred of up to 650°C.

11. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positive and/or frictional connection between the at least one metallic layer (11) and the at least one intermediate body (20) is realized with a fastening means, prefera bly with a separate fastening means (40), in particular with a rivet (41) or a fastening rail (42).

12. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the at least one metallic layers (11) of the heat shield (10) reaches into, overlaps with and/or passes through the intermediate body (20), preferably the lateral section (27) of the intermediate body (20) in sections.

13. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one intermediate body (20) longitudinally extends at least in sections along the surface (18, 19) of the heat shield (10), with the sum L of the sectional lengths of the intermediate body (20) along this surface (18, 19) being larger than the width B of the intermediate body (20) transverse to this longitudinal extension.

14. Heat shield according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the at least one intermediate body (20) extends at least in sections along at least one edge (17) of the heat shield (10), with the sum L of the in cases sectional lengths of the intermediate body (20) along this edge (17) being larger than the width B of the intermediate body (20) transverse to this edge (17), with the edge (17) preferably being an outer edge (17a) of the heat shield (10) or an inner edge (17b) of the heat shield (10) for guiding an additional functional part (90), which is not part of the heat shield and its fastening, through the heat shield (10) .

15. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one intermediate body (20) projects at the most with a width BU over an edge (17) of the metallic layer (11) of the heat shield (10), with the width BU being smaller or having the same size as the width of the overlapping area (BL) of the at least one intermediate body (20) with the metallic layer (11) of the heat shield (10).

16. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one intermediate body (20) being recessed relative to an edge (17) of the metallic layer (11) of the heat shield at the most by a width BR, which corresponds to the width of the overlapping area BL between the at least one intermediate body and the metallic layer (11) of the heat shield (10).

17. Heat shield according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the at least one intermediate body (20) overlaps with the metallic layer of the heat shield (10) or the rest of the heat shield (10) essentially only in the connecting areas (30).

18. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat shield (10) comprises at least one further layer (50), with the at least one further layer being

- an isolation layer (51) comprising or consisting of a particle-based insulating material, such as mica, expanded mica, graphite or expanded graphite or mixtures of several of these materials; and/or

- an isolation layer (52) comprising or consisting of a fiber-based insulating material, preferably a woven, warp knitted, crocheted, knitted, laid tread or a fleece, preferably from mineral fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers and/or mixed fibers with our without impregnation and/or chemical modification and/or

- an isolation layer (53) comprising or consisting of a temperature-stable paper

- a metallic layer (54), preferably comprising or consisting of steel or an aluminum alloy, in particular a non-structured or micro-structured, in particular micro-perforated or dimpled metal layer.

19. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one metallic layer (11) extends essentially over the entire area of at least one surface side or of both surface sides of the heat shield (10).

20. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one metallic layer (11) spans the outer edge (17) of the heat shield (10) and within the area of the heat shield enclosed by the outer edge (17) of the heat shield (10) comprises at least one recess (15).

21. Heat shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat shield (10) has a shape that is a closed ring, with the closure of the ring being realized by an approximation of two sections (17a, 17a') of the outer edge of the heat shield (10), with the intermediate body (20) at least in sections being held between the two sections (17a, 17a') of the outer edge of the heat shield (10).

22. Heat shield according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the heat shield (10) comprises or consists of at least two partial shells (10a, 10b), with the intermediate body (20) at least in sections being held between the two partial shells (10a, 10b) at the contact areas of the at least two partial shells (10a, 10b).

23. Arrangement of parts comprising at least one heat shield (10) according to one of the preceding claims as well as a first further part (60), with the intermediate body (20) at least in sections resting on the first further part (60).

24. Arrangement of parts according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the arrangement of parts comprises a second further part (65), with the intermediate body (20) at least in sections resting on the second further part (65).

25. Arrangement of parts according to one of the two preceding claims, characterized in that the first and/or second further part (60, 65) is a further heat shield and/or a heat-guiding part, for example a cylinder head or a part of an exhaust line of a combustion engine, in particular an exhaust manifold, a turbo charger, a catalyst or an exhaust pipe.

26. Arrangement of parts according to one of the three preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate body (20) seals the heat shield (10) at least in sections against the first and/or second part (60, 65) and/or shields it thermally and/or acoustically.

27. Arrangement according to one of the four preceding claim, characterized in that the

intermediate body (20) of the heat shield comprises at least one outer body (21) and at least one compressible and elastic inner body (22), wherein the at least one outer body (21) at its outer surface (23) has a smaller sliding friction on the first further part (60) and/or on the second further part (65) than the inner body (22) on its outer surface on the inner surface of the outer body (21).