WO2015146725A1 - Device and method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge - Google Patents

Device and method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015146725A1
WO2015146725A1 PCT/JP2015/057948 JP2015057948W WO2015146725A1 WO 2015146725 A1 WO2015146725 A1 WO 2015146725A1 JP 2015057948 W JP2015057948 W JP 2015057948W WO 2015146725 A1 WO2015146725 A1 WO 2015146725A1
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sludge
viscosity
digester
digestion tank
set temperature
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PCT/JP2015/057948
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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啓典 西井
直明 片岡
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水ｉｎｇ株式会社
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Priority to JP2016510270A priority Critical patent/JP6345769B2/en
Publication of WO2015146725A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015146725A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature

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  • the present invention relates to an anaerobic digester and an anaerobic digestion method for organic sludge, and is particularly suitable for the treatment of high-concentration sludge having a suspended solid concentration (TS concentration) of 3.5 wt% or more in the digestion tank.
  • TS concentration suspended solid concentration
  • the present invention relates to an anaerobic digester for organic sludge and an anaerobic digestion method.
  • anaerobic digestion methods and anaerobic digesters are known for decomposing organic sludge generated in wastewater treatment facilities and the like under anaerobic conditions using anaerobic bacteria.
  • anaerobic digestion it is desirable to appropriately stir and mix the sludge to be treated in the digester.
  • JP 2010-91481 A (Patent Document 1) pays attention to a change in current consumption of a kneader for kneading slurry supplied as fuel to a fluidized bed boiler, A method is described in which the viscosity of the slurry is judged based on the current consumption and the amount of water introduced into the kneader is adjusted.
  • Patent Document 1 In the method described in Patent Document 1 described above, it is possible to stably supply the slurry to the fluidized bed boiler by adjusting the physical properties of the slurry by hydration.
  • this slurry is merely supplied to the fluidized bed boiler as fuel, in Patent Document 1, the state of stirring in the kneader containing the slurry is not strictly controlled and does not need to be controlled.
  • an anaerobic digester unlike Patent Document 1, sludge in the tank is used to perform a relatively unstable treatment using anaerobic bacteria while stirring in the tank. It is necessary to strictly control the stirring and mixing state.
  • the present invention provides an anaerobic digester and an anaerobic digestion method for organic sludge that can stably treat high-concentration sludge under more suitable conditions.
  • the present inventors have detected the temperature and viscosity in the digestion tank in the high-concentration anaerobic digestion treatment such that the TS concentration in the tank is 3.5 wt% or more.
  • the set temperature of the digestion tank By controlling the set temperature of the digestion tank to an appropriate temperature based on the above, it is possible to stably treat high-concentration sludge under more favorable conditions without reducing the activity of anaerobic bacteria that digest sludge. I found it.
  • the present invention completed on the basis of the above knowledge is, in one aspect, in a digestion tank containing anaerobic bacteria, an organic sludge, an digestion tank for anaerobic digestion treatment with a TS concentration of 3.5 wt% or more in the tank, Heating means for heating the digestion tank, temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of sludge in the digestion tank, viscosity detection means for detecting the viscosity of sludge in the digestion tank, and detection of the temperature and viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank It is an anaerobic digester of sludge provided with the preset temperature control means which controls the preset temperature of a digester based on a result.
  • the set temperature control means warms the digestion tank at the first set temperature when the detected viscosity detected by the viscosity detection means is equal to or lower than a set upper limit value. If the detected viscosity exceeds the set upper limit value, the digestion tank set temperature is changed so that the digestion tank is heated at the second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. Including.
  • the viscosity detecting means is a viscosity measuring means for extracting the sludge from the digestion tank and measuring the viscosity, and a discharge pressure of the pump means for extracting the sludge from the digestion tank.
  • the viscosity of sludge is detected by at least one of the discharge pressure measuring means for measuring, the pump current value measuring means for measuring the current value of the pump means, and the stirring current value measuring means for measuring the current value of the stirring means for stirring the digester. Including doing.
  • the heating means includes a heat exchanger, and the viscosity detecting means measures the discharge pressure of the circulation pump connected to the heat exchanger, thereby measuring the inside of the digestion tank. Including detecting the viscosity of the sludge.
  • a digestion step in which an organic sludge is anaerobically digested at a TS concentration of 3.5 wt% or more in a digestion tank containing anaerobic bacteria, and heating to heat the digestion tank Digestion based on the detection result of the temperature, the temperature detection step of detecting the temperature of the sludge in the digestion tank, the viscosity detection step of detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank, and the temperature and viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank It is the sludge anaerobic digestion method including the preset temperature control process which controls the preset temperature of a tank.
  • the set temperature control step heats the digestion tank at the first set temperature when the detected viscosity detected by the viscosity detection step is equal to or lower than a set upper limit value. If the detected viscosity exceeds the set upper limit value, the digestion tank set temperature is changed so that the digestion tank is heated at the second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. Including.
  • the anaerobic digestion method according to the present invention includes treating organic sludge in a digestion tank with a hydraulic residence time of 20 days or less.
  • the raw material sludge before being put into the digestion tank that is, the input sludge thrown into the digestion tank is referred to as “organic sludge”.
  • organic sludge the raw material sludge before being put into the digestion tank
  • the sludge being treated after being introduced into the digestion tank is referred to as “treated sludge” or “sludge in the tank”
  • the sludge extracted from the digestion tank 1 is referred to as “drawn sludge”.
  • the solid concentration of sludge in the digestion tank treated in the digestion tank is lower than the input sludge or organic sludge because it is decomposed by anaerobic digestion and methane gasification proceeds (when the input sludge is sewage sludge)
  • the concentration is about 1 ⁇ 2).
  • an anaerobic digester for an organic sludge and an anaerobic digestion method capable of stably treating high-concentration sludge under more suitable conditions can be provided.
  • an anaerobic digester internally contains anaerobic bacteria and treats organic sludge, and heating means 2 that heats the digester 1.
  • the temperature detection means 4 for detecting the temperature of the sludge in the digestion tank 1, the viscosity detection means for detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 (discharge pressure measurement means 12 in FIG. 1), and the set temperature of the digestion tank Set temperature control means 10 for controlling.
  • organic sludge used as a raw material in the present invention, sludge discharged in the process of treating organic substances such as sewage, manure, and waste can be used.
  • the organic sludge is preferably at least one selected from primary sludge generated from the first sedimentation basin of the wastewater treatment facility and surplus sludge generated from the final sedimentation basin, and mixed sludge from both. Is more preferable.
  • the organic sludge is preferably sludge obtained by being stored in a storage tank and concentrated by gravity. It is preferable that an inorganic flocculant such as polyferric sulfate, PAC, or a sulfuric acid band or an organic polymer flocculant is added to the organic sludge alone or in combination.
  • Organic waste liquid or waste carried from outside the wastewater treatment plant can be further included as sludge.
  • the organic waste liquid or waste brought in from the outside includes at least an organic compound discharged from facilities such as factories and sewage treatment plants, and may include sludge, herbs, and the like.
  • the organic sludge has a TS (Total Solids) concentration of 4.0 to 12 wt%, preferably 6.0 to 12%, for example.
  • the digesting tank 1 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a complete mixing type digester.
  • the digesting tank 1 is provided with a stirring means 5 for homogenizing the liquid in the tank and uniforming the temperature distribution and preventing the occurrence of scum.
  • the digestion tank 1 is connected to a pump means 3 for extracting a part of the sludge in the digestion tank 1.
  • a pump means 3 for extracting a part of the sludge in the digestion tank 1.
  • the pump means 3 a single screw pump or the like can be used.
  • Discharge pressure measuring means 12 for measuring the discharge pressure of the pump means 3 is connected to the pump means 3, and this functions as a viscosity detecting means for detecting the viscosity of the treated sludge in the digester 1.
  • the discharge pressure measuring means 12 for example, a pressure switch or the like can be used, but is not limited thereto.
  • the discharge pressure measuring means 12 is electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10.
  • the heating means 2 heats the sludge temperature in the digestion tank 1 to a temperature suitable for anaerobic digestion by supplying a heating source such as steam to the inside and outside of the digestion tank 1, for example.
  • a heating source such as steam
  • efficient digestion is performed by heating to a treatment temperature of 30 to 37 ° C. (medium temperature range) or 50 to 55 ° C. (high temperature range).
  • An electromagnetic valve 11 electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10 is connected to the heating means 2, and the inside of the digestion tank 1 is kept at an appropriate temperature by opening / closing control of the electromagnetic valve 11 by the set temperature control means 10. It is supposed to be.
  • the temperature detection means 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a device capable of detecting the temperature of sludge in the digestion tank 1.
  • the set temperature control means 10 for example, a general-purpose or dedicated computer (computer) that sends a predetermined operation command can be used based on the control algorithm according to the present embodiment.
  • the set temperature control means 10 controls the digestion tank 1 based on the detection result of the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 determined from the temperature detection result by the temperature detection means 4 and the discharge pressure measurement result by the discharge pressure measurement means 12.
  • the set temperature to be heated is controlled, the set temperature is changed as necessary, and the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled to control the temperature in the digester 1.
  • the set temperature control means 10 is used when the detected viscosity (discharge pressure) detected by the viscosity detection means (discharge pressure measuring means 12 in the case of FIG. 1) is equal to or lower than a preset upper limit value.
  • the digester 1 is controlled to be heated at the first set temperature.
  • the set temperature control means 10 sets the second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. The set temperature of the digester 1 can be changed so that the digester 1 is heated.
  • the set temperature control means 10 may be connected to an abnormality warning means 13 for warning an abnormality in processing in the digester 1.
  • an abnormality warning means 13 for warning an abnormality in processing in the digester 1.
  • the sludge concentration of the sludge in the tank rises due to a temporary increase in the load in the digestion tank 1, and the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means 4 becomes equal to or higher than the limit temperature that affects the treatment using anaerobic bacteria.
  • the abnormality warning means 13 may be, for example, sound, light The operator is warned of an abnormality of the apparatus by vibration or the like, whereby the operator can detect the operation abnormality of the digester 1 at an early stage and take a countermeasure.
  • the sludge having a TS concentration (TS concentration in the tank) of 3.5 wt% or more, more specifically 4.0 wt% or more is processed.
  • the TS concentration of the sludge to be treated is 2 to 3 wt%, but in this embodiment, the sludge having a TS concentration of 3.5 wt% or higher in the tank, which is higher than the conventional one.
  • a high-concentration sludge can be introduced in a small volume, and a large amount of digestion gas can be generated from the small-capacity digestion tank 1.
  • the anaerobic digestion of sludge in the present embodiment is performed efficiently by heating to a treatment temperature of 30 to 37 ° C. (medium temperature range) or 50 to 55 ° C. (high temperature range).
  • HRT hydroaulic residence time
  • the decomposition rate of the drawn sludge obtained in this case is 50 to 60%, more specifically 55 to 58%.
  • Digestion tank 1 capacity is generally determined by the input sludge capacity and HRT. Therefore, as in this embodiment, by arranging the digester 1 that can carry out the sludge with a TS concentration of 4.0 to 12 wt% in HRT 20 days or less, the input sludge with a TS concentration of about 2 to 3 wt% can be obtained for about 30 days. Since the volume of the digestion tank 1 can be reduced to about 1/2 to 1/8 of the conventional sludge digestion digestion tank that is processed over time, the installation space can be reduced and the entire system can be downsized.
  • the viscosity increases about twice, and when the TS concentration in the tank increases to 4.5 wt%, the viscosity increases to a TS concentration of 3.5 wt%.
  • the viscosity increases by about 6 times compared to the% viscosity.
  • the set temperature control means 10 According to the anaerobic digester according to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, when the TS concentration of the sludge in the digester 1 is increased and the treatment condition is deteriorated due to the increase in viscosity, the set temperature control means 10 Thus, the treatment status can be improved by resetting the temperature in the digestion tank 1 within a temperature range that does not affect the activity of the cells and reducing the viscosity of the sludge in the tank. Thereby, the anaerobic digestion of the high-concentration sludge can be carried out stably under more suitable conditions.
  • step S1 the set temperature control means 10 sets the operating condition of the digester 1 based on the condition set by the operator.
  • the set temperature control means 10 opens the solenoid valve 11 at a first set temperature where the set lower limit value L1 in the digestion tank 1 is 35 ° C. and the set upper limit value H1 is 36 ° C., and below the temperature L1, and the temperature H1
  • the first heating means setting condition for closing the electromagnetic valve or the upper limit setting value of the discharge pressure measuring means 12 in the case of the temperatures L1 to H1 or the limit viscosity value condition indicating an abnormal viscosity is set.
  • step S2 the set temperature control means 10 determines whether or not the discharge pressure (extraction sludge pump discharge pressure) measured by the discharge pressure measuring means 12 is equal to or lower than the set upper limit.
  • the set temperature control means 10 determines that the viscosity in the digestion tank 1 is within an appropriate range, and returns to step S1.
  • the set temperature control means 10 determines that the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 is not within the appropriate range, and proceeds to step S3.
  • the set temperature control means 10 changes the operating conditions of the digester 1 based on the conditions set by the operator. For example, when the detected discharge pressure exceeds the set upper limit, the set temperature control means 10 causes the digester 1 to heat the digester 1 at a second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. Change the set temperature.
  • the set temperature control means 10 opens the solenoid valve 11 at a second set temperature where the set lower limit value L2 in the digestion tank 1 is 37 ° C. and the set upper limit value is 40 ° C., and below the temperature L2, The second heating means setting condition for closing the solenoid valve at the temperature H2, the setting condition value of the discharge pressure measuring means 12, and the like are set again.
  • step S4 the set temperature control means 10 determines again whether or not the discharge pressure (extraction sludge pump discharge pressure) measured by the discharge pressure measuring means 12 is equal to or lower than the set upper limit. If the discharge pressure is less than or equal to the set upper limit, the process returns to step S1, and the operating conditions of the digester 1 are returned to the first temperature set value again. If the detected discharge pressure exceeds the set upper limit, whether the discharge pressure measured by the set temperature control means 10 in step S4 is less than or equal to the set upper limit again in step S4 after a certain period of time has elapsed. Judging. Although illustration is omitted, when the discharge pressure detected in step S4 exceeds the set upper limit, the abnormality warning means 13 may warn the operator of an abnormality in the processing in the digestive tract 1.
  • the anaerobic digester according to the first modification includes a pump current value measuring unit 14 that measures a current value of the pump unit 3, and the pump current value measuring unit 14 is connected to the set temperature control unit 10.
  • the point which is electrically connected differs from the anaerobic digester of FIG.
  • the pump current value measuring means 14 a known current measuring means can be used.
  • the pump current value measuring unit 14 functions as a viscosity detecting unit that detects the viscosity of the sludge in the digesting tank 1.
  • the viscosity of the sludge transferred by the pump increases and the pipe resistance increases, the discharge pressure and the current value increase. Therefore, the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 can be detected from either the discharge pressure of the pump means 3 or the current value.
  • the fluctuation of the current value has higher responsiveness, and it may be possible to detect a minute and short-time fluctuation. Therefore, according to the apparatus of FIG.
  • the state of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 can be judged more accurately than the apparatus of FIG.
  • the discharge pressure measuring means 12 for measuring the discharge pressure of the pump means 3 in FIG. 1 there is an advantage that the apparatus configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
  • the anaerobic digester according to the second modification includes a stirring current value measuring unit 15 that measures the current value of the stirring unit 5 that stirs the digester 1, and the stirring current value measuring unit 15 includes The point which is electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10 is different from the anaerobic digester of FIG.
  • the stirring current value measuring means 15 a known current measuring means can be used.
  • the stirring current value measuring means 15 functions as a viscosity detecting means for detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1. Depending on the piping path to which the pump means 3 is connected, it may be preferable to detect the current based on the stirring current value. Therefore, when the stirring current value measuring means 15 detects the current value of the stirring means 5, In some cases, the state of sludge can be determined with higher accuracy.
  • the anaerobic digester according to the third modified example is different from the anaerobic apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 in that a heat exchanger 7 is provided as the heating unit 2.
  • a meandering flow path is formed in the heat exchanger 7, and a heating source such as hot water is supplied from the outside into the flow path.
  • a circulation pump 6 for circulating between the heat exchanger 7 and the digester 1 is connected to the heat exchanger 7, and a circulation for measuring the discharge pressure of the circulation pump 6 is connected to the circulation pump 6.
  • Pump discharge pressure measuring means 16 is connected.
  • the circulation pump discharge pressure measuring means 16 can be constituted by a pressure switch or the like and is electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10.
  • An electromagnetic valve 17 is connected to a flow path for adjusting the supply of hot water or the like to the heat exchanger 7, and the electromagnetic valve 17 is electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10.
  • the circulating pump discharge pressure measuring means 16 functions as a viscosity detecting means for detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1. Since the heat exchanger 7 is composed of a pipe having a relatively small diameter and a large number of curved portions, resistance when circulating the fluid increases. As a result, the resistance value of the heat exchanger 7 can accurately detect the change in the discharge pressure in accordance with the change in the viscosity of the fluid to be flown. Therefore, the indirect heating using the heat exchanger 7 as shown in FIG. In the case of the temperature method, the state of sludge in the digestion tank 1 can be determined with higher accuracy by measuring the measurement value of the circulation pump discharge pressure measuring means 16. Of course, instead of measuring the discharge pressure of the circulation pump 6, it is also possible to measure the current value of the circulation pump 6.
  • the concentration of sludge in the digestion tank 1 is determined by the discharge pressure measuring means 12, the pump current value measuring means 14, the stirring current value measuring means 15 and the circulation pump discharge pressure measuring means 16.
  • a viscosity measuring means for directly extracting sludge from the digester 1 and directly measuring its viscosity may be employed.
  • examples of such a viscosity measuring means include a method of continuous measurement using a continuous measurement viscometer, a method of manual measurement using a sewage test method or a viscometer according to JIS standards, and the like.
  • any one or more of the viscosity detection means disclosed in FIGS. 1 to 5 may be combined to detect the concentration of sludge in the digestion tank 1.
  • the digestion gas generated in the digester 1 can be supplied to the digester 1 for heating or power generation, and the extracted sludge obtained from the digester 1 is dehydrated. It is also possible to introduce into a sludge treatment system including a dehydrator for obtaining a dehydrated cake, a dryer for drying the dehydrated cake to obtain a dried sludge, and a heat supply device for supplying heat to the dryer.
  • the anaerobic digestion treatment in the digestion tank 1 can treat organic sludge having a TS concentration of 4.0 wt% or more in HRT 20 days or less, so that the sludge treatment system as a whole can be downsized.

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Abstract

Provided is a device for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge, said device comprising: a digestion tank (1) which carries anaerobic bacteria housed therein and in which the organic sludge is anaerobically digested at a TS concentration in the tank of 3.5 wt% or higher; a heating means (2) heating the digestion tank (1); a temperature detection means (4) detecting the temperature of the sludge in the digestion tank (1); viscosity detection means (12, 14, 15, 16) detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank (1); and a set temperature control means (10) controlling the set temperature in the digestion tank (1) depending on the detection results of the temperature and viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank (1). Also provided is method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge.

Description

有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置及び嫌気性消化方法Anaerobic digester and method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge
　本発明は、有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置及び嫌気性消化方法に関し、特に、消化槽内での浮遊固形物濃度（ＴＳ濃度）が３．５ｗｔ％以上となる高濃度汚泥の処理に好適な有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置及び嫌気性消化方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an anaerobic digester and an anaerobic digestion method for organic sludge, and is particularly suitable for the treatment of high-concentration sludge having a suspended solid concentration (TS concentration) of 3.5 wt% or more in the digestion tank. The present invention relates to an anaerobic digester for organic sludge and an anaerobic digestion method.
　廃水処理施設などで発生する有機性汚泥を、嫌気性細菌を用いて嫌気性条件下で分解処理するための様々な嫌気性消化方法及び嫌気性消化装置が知られている。嫌気性消化においてより反応を効率的に進めるためには、消化槽内で処理される汚泥を適切に撹拌混合することが望ましい。 Various anaerobic digestion methods and anaerobic digesters are known for decomposing organic sludge generated in wastewater treatment facilities and the like under anaerobic conditions using anaerobic bacteria. In order to advance the reaction more efficiently in anaerobic digestion, it is desirable to appropriately stir and mix the sludge to be treated in the digester.
　反応槽の撹拌制御方法の１つとして、例えば特開２０１０－９１４８１号公報（特許文献１）では、流動床ボイラに燃料として供給されるスラリーを混練する混練機の消費電流の変化に着目し、消費電流に基づいてスラリーの粘度を判断し、混練機に導入する水の量を調節する方法が記載されている。 As one of the stirring control methods for the reaction tank, for example, JP 2010-91481 A (Patent Document 1) pays attention to a change in current consumption of a kneader for kneading slurry supplied as fuel to a fluidized bed boiler, A method is described in which the viscosity of the slurry is judged based on the current consumption and the amount of water introduced into the kneader is adjusted.
特開２０１０－９１４８１号公報JP 2010-91481 A
　上述の特許文献１に記載された方法では、加水によりスラリーの物理的な性状を調整して安定して流動床ボイラにスラリーを供給することは可能である。しかしながら、このスラリーは単に燃料として流動床ボイラに供給するものであるため、特許文献１では、スラリーを収容する混練機内の撹拌状態までは厳密に制御してはいないし、制御する必要もない。一方、本発明のような嫌気性消化装置の場合は、特許文献１とは異なり、槽内で撹拌を起こしながら嫌気性細菌を用いた比較的不安定な処理を行うために、槽内の汚泥の撹拌混合状態をより厳密に制御する必要がある。 In the method described in Patent Document 1 described above, it is possible to stably supply the slurry to the fluidized bed boiler by adjusting the physical properties of the slurry by hydration. However, since this slurry is merely supplied to the fluidized bed boiler as fuel, in Patent Document 1, the state of stirring in the kneader containing the slurry is not strictly controlled and does not need to be controlled. On the other hand, in the case of an anaerobic digester as in the present invention, unlike Patent Document 1, sludge in the tank is used to perform a relatively unstable treatment using anaerobic bacteria while stirring in the tank. It is necessary to strictly control the stirring and mixing state.
　槽内の汚泥の撹拌混合状態について本発明者らが詳しく検討したところ、有機性汚泥の中でもある濃度以上に濃縮した有機性汚泥を処理する場合は、槽内汚泥の粘度が急激に増加して不十分な撹拌混合が起こりやすくなることが分かった。その結果、槽内汚泥の濃度及び温度が不均一になり、反応効率が低下する問題、或いは撹拌機やその他付帯機器の負荷上昇に伴う消費電力の上昇の問題などの様々な支障をきたす場合がある。 When the present inventors examined in detail about the stirring and mixing state of the sludge in the tank, when treating the organic sludge concentrated above a certain concentration in the organic sludge, the viscosity of the sludge in the tank increases rapidly. It has been found that insufficient stirring and mixing tends to occur. As a result, the concentration and temperature of the sludge in the tank become uneven, which may cause various problems such as a problem that the reaction efficiency is lowered, or a problem that the power consumption is increased due to an increase in the load of the stirrer and other ancillary equipment. is there.
　上記課題を鑑み、本発明は、高濃度汚泥をより好適な条件で安定的に処理可能な有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置及び嫌気性消化方法を提供する。 In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an anaerobic digester and an anaerobic digestion method for organic sludge that can stably treat high-concentration sludge under more suitable conditions.
　本発明者らは、鋭意検討の結果、槽内ＴＳ濃度が３．５ｗｔ％以上となるような高濃度嫌気性消化処理において、消化槽内の温度及び粘度を検出し、検出した温度及び粘度に基づいて消化槽の設定温度を適正な温度に制御することで、汚泥を消化する嫌気性細菌の活性を低下させることなく、高濃度汚泥をより好適な条件で安定的に処理可能であることを見出した。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have detected the temperature and viscosity in the digestion tank in the high-concentration anaerobic digestion treatment such that the TS concentration in the tank is 3.5 wt% or more. By controlling the set temperature of the digestion tank to an appropriate temperature based on the above, it is possible to stably treat high-concentration sludge under more favorable conditions without reducing the activity of anaerobic bacteria that digest sludge. I found it.
　以上の知見を基礎として完成した本発明は一側面において、嫌気性細菌を収容した消化槽内で、有機性汚泥を、槽内ＴＳ濃度３．５ｗｔ％以上で嫌気性消化処理する消化槽と、消化槽を加熱する加熱手段と、消化槽内の汚泥の温度を検出する温度検出手段と、消化槽内の汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出手段と、消化槽内の汚泥の温度及び粘度の検出結果に基づいて、消化槽の設定温度を制御する設定温度制御手段とを備える汚泥の嫌気性消化装置である。 The present invention completed on the basis of the above knowledge is, in one aspect, in a digestion tank containing anaerobic bacteria, an organic sludge, an digestion tank for anaerobic digestion treatment with a TS concentration of 3.5 wt% or more in the tank, Heating means for heating the digestion tank, temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of sludge in the digestion tank, viscosity detection means for detecting the viscosity of sludge in the digestion tank, and detection of the temperature and viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank It is an anaerobic digester of sludge provided with the preset temperature control means which controls the preset temperature of a digester based on a result.
　本発明に係る嫌気性消化装置は一実施態様において、設定温度制御手段は、粘度検出手段により検出された検出粘度が設定上限値以下である場合には消化槽を第１の設定温度で加温するように制御し、検出粘度が設定上限値を上回る場合には第１の設定温度よりも高い第２の設定温度で消化槽を加温するように、消化槽の設定温度を変更することを含む。 In one embodiment of the anaerobic digester according to the present invention, the set temperature control means warms the digestion tank at the first set temperature when the detected viscosity detected by the viscosity detection means is equal to or lower than a set upper limit value. If the detected viscosity exceeds the set upper limit value, the digestion tank set temperature is changed so that the digestion tank is heated at the second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. Including.
　本発明に係る嫌気性消化装置は別の一実施態様において、粘度検出手段は、消化槽内から汚泥を引き抜いてその粘度を測定する粘度測定手段、消化槽から汚泥を引き抜くポンプ手段の吐出圧を測定する吐出圧測定手段、ポンプ手段の電流値を測定するポンプ電流値測定手段、消化槽を撹拌する撹拌手段の電流値を測定する撹拌電流値測定手段の少なくともいずれかにより、汚泥の粘度を検出することを含む。 In another embodiment of the anaerobic digester according to the present invention, the viscosity detecting means is a viscosity measuring means for extracting the sludge from the digestion tank and measuring the viscosity, and a discharge pressure of the pump means for extracting the sludge from the digestion tank. The viscosity of sludge is detected by at least one of the discharge pressure measuring means for measuring, the pump current value measuring means for measuring the current value of the pump means, and the stirring current value measuring means for measuring the current value of the stirring means for stirring the digester. Including doing.
　本発明に係る嫌気性消化装置は別の一実施態様において、加熱手段が熱交換器を含み、粘度検出手段が、熱交換器に接続された循環ポンプの吐出圧を測定することにより消化槽内の汚泥の粘度を検出することを含む。 In another embodiment of the anaerobic digester according to the present invention, the heating means includes a heat exchanger, and the viscosity detecting means measures the discharge pressure of the circulation pump connected to the heat exchanger, thereby measuring the inside of the digestion tank. Including detecting the viscosity of the sludge.
　本発明は別の一側面において、嫌気性細菌を収容した消化槽内で、有機性汚泥を、槽内ＴＳ濃度３．５ｗｔ％以上で嫌気性消化処理する消化工程と、消化槽を加熱する加熱工程と、消化槽内の汚泥の温度を検出する温度検出工程と、消化槽内の汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出工程と、消化槽内の汚泥の温度及び粘度の検出結果に基づいて、消化槽の設定温度を制御する設定温度制御工程とを含む汚泥の嫌気性消化方法である。 In another aspect of the present invention, a digestion step in which an organic sludge is anaerobically digested at a TS concentration of 3.5 wt% or more in a digestion tank containing anaerobic bacteria, and heating to heat the digestion tank Digestion based on the detection result of the temperature, the temperature detection step of detecting the temperature of the sludge in the digestion tank, the viscosity detection step of detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank, and the temperature and viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank It is the sludge anaerobic digestion method including the preset temperature control process which controls the preset temperature of a tank.
　本発明に係る嫌気性消化方法は一実施態様において、設定温度制御工程は、粘度検出工程により検出された検出粘度が設定上限値以下である場合には消化槽を第１の設定温度で加温するように制御し、検出粘度が設定上限値を上回る場合には第１の設定温度よりも高い第２の設定温度で消化槽を加温するように、消化槽の設定温度を変更することを含む。 In one embodiment of the anaerobic digestion method according to the present invention, the set temperature control step heats the digestion tank at the first set temperature when the detected viscosity detected by the viscosity detection step is equal to or lower than a set upper limit value. If the detected viscosity exceeds the set upper limit value, the digestion tank set temperature is changed so that the digestion tank is heated at the second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. Including.
　本発明に係る嫌気性消化方法は別の一実施態様において、消化槽内で有機性汚泥を水理学的滞留時間２０日以下で処理することを含む。 In another embodiment, the anaerobic digestion method according to the present invention includes treating organic sludge in a digestion tank with a hydraulic residence time of 20 days or less.
　なお、本明細書中においては、消化槽内へ投入される前の原料汚泥、即ち消化槽へ投入される投入汚泥のことを「有機性汚泥」と称する。一方、本明細書中において消化槽内へ投入後の処理中の汚泥は「処理汚泥」又は「槽内汚泥」と称し、消化槽１から引き抜かれる汚泥のことを「引抜汚泥」と称する。一般に、消化槽内で処理される槽内汚泥の固形物濃度は、嫌気性消化処理により分解されてメタンガス化が進むために、投入汚泥又は有機性汚泥よりも低い（投入汚泥が下水汚泥の場合、濃度は約１／２程度となる）。 In the present specification, the raw material sludge before being put into the digestion tank, that is, the input sludge thrown into the digestion tank is referred to as “organic sludge”. On the other hand, in the present specification, the sludge being treated after being introduced into the digestion tank is referred to as “treated sludge” or “sludge in the tank”, and the sludge extracted from the digestion tank 1 is referred to as “drawn sludge”. In general, the solid concentration of sludge in the digestion tank treated in the digestion tank is lower than the input sludge or organic sludge because it is decomposed by anaerobic digestion and methane gasification proceeds (when the input sludge is sewage sludge) The concentration is about ½).
　本発明によれば、高濃度汚泥をより好適な条件で安定的に処理可能な有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置及び嫌気性消化方法が提供できる。 According to the present invention, an anaerobic digester for an organic sludge and an anaerobic digestion method capable of stably treating high-concentration sludge under more suitable conditions can be provided.
本発明の実施の形態に係る嫌気性消化装置の一例を表す概略図である。It is the schematic showing an example of the anaerobic digester which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 消化槽内の設定温度の制御方法の一例を表すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart showing an example of the control method of the preset temperature in a digester. 本発明の実施の形態に係る嫌気性消化装置の第１変形例を表す概略図である。It is the schematic showing the 1st modification of the anaerobic digester which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る嫌気性消化装置の第２変形例を表す概略図である。It is the schematic showing the 2nd modification of the anaerobic digester which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態に係る嫌気性消化装置の第３変形例を表す概略図である。It is the schematic showing the 3rd modification of the anaerobic digester which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
　以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施の形態を説明する。以下に示す実施の形態は、この発明の技術的思想を具体化するための装置や方法を例示するものであってこの発明の技術的思想は各装置の構造、配置等を下記のものに特定するものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments exemplify devices and methods for embodying the technical idea of the present invention. The technical idea of the present invention specifies the structure, arrangement, etc. of each device as follows. Not what you want.
　本発明の実施の形態に係る嫌気性消化装置は、図１に示すように、嫌気性細菌を内部収容し、有機性汚泥を処理する消化槽１と、消化槽１を加熱する加熱手段２と、消化槽１内の汚泥の温度を検出する温度検出手段４と、消化槽１内の汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出手段（図１では吐出圧測定手段１２）と、消化槽の設定温度を制御する設定温度制御手段１０とを備える。 As shown in FIG. 1, an anaerobic digester according to an embodiment of the present invention internally contains anaerobic bacteria and treats organic sludge, and heating means 2 that heats the digester 1. The temperature detection means 4 for detecting the temperature of the sludge in the digestion tank 1, the viscosity detection means for detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 (discharge pressure measurement means 12 in FIG. 1), and the set temperature of the digestion tank Set temperature control means 10 for controlling.
　本発明において原料となる「有機性汚泥」としては、下水、屎尿、厨芥などの有機性物質を処理する工程で排出される汚泥が利用可能である。有機性汚泥としては、廃水処理設備の最初沈殿池から発生する初沈汚泥と最終沈殿池から発生する余剰汚泥とから選択される少なくとも１種であることが好ましく、両者からの混合汚泥であることが更に好ましい。 As the “organic sludge” used as a raw material in the present invention, sludge discharged in the process of treating organic substances such as sewage, manure, and waste can be used. The organic sludge is preferably at least one selected from primary sludge generated from the first sedimentation basin of the wastewater treatment facility and surplus sludge generated from the final sedimentation basin, and mixed sludge from both. Is more preferable.
　有機性汚泥は、貯留槽に貯留され、重力濃縮されて得られた汚泥であることが好ましい。有機性汚泥には、ポリ硫酸第二鉄、ＰＡＣ、硫酸バンドなどの無機系凝集剤または有機高分子凝集剤等が単独又は組み合わせて添加されることが好ましい。廃水処理場の系外から搬入した有機性廃液又は廃棄物も、汚泥として更に含むことができる。外部から搬入した有機性廃液又は廃棄物とは、工場、下水処理場等の設備から排出される有機化合物を少なくとも含み、汚泥、草本類などを含んでもよい。有機性汚泥のＴＳ（Total Solids）濃度は、例えば４．０～１２ｗｔ％、好ましくは６．０～１２％とすることができる。 The organic sludge is preferably sludge obtained by being stored in a storage tank and concentrated by gravity. It is preferable that an inorganic flocculant such as polyferric sulfate, PAC, or a sulfuric acid band or an organic polymer flocculant is added to the organic sludge alone or in combination. Organic waste liquid or waste carried from outside the wastewater treatment plant can be further included as sludge. The organic waste liquid or waste brought in from the outside includes at least an organic compound discharged from facilities such as factories and sewage treatment plants, and may include sludge, herbs, and the like. The organic sludge has a TS (Total Solids) concentration of 4.0 to 12 wt%, preferably 6.0 to 12%, for example.
　図１の消化槽１としては、特に限定されないが、完全混合型消化槽を用いることが好ましい。消化槽１には、槽内液の均質化や温度分布の均一化とともにスカムの発生を防止するための撹拌手段５が設けられている。撹拌手段５による撹拌方法としては、機械撹拌方式を用いることが最も効果的であるが、設備環境や処理条件に応じて、ポンプ撹拌方式又はガス撹拌方式を付属させることも効果的である。これらの要件を備えた水密かつ気密な構造の消化槽１であれば、鉄筋コンクリート造または鋼板製のいずれで製造されてもよく、既設の嫌気性消化槽を処理条件に合わせて改造又は更新することによっても適用可能である。 1 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a complete mixing type digester. The digesting tank 1 is provided with a stirring means 5 for homogenizing the liquid in the tank and uniforming the temperature distribution and preventing the occurrence of scum. As the stirring method by the stirring means 5, it is most effective to use a mechanical stirring method, but it is also effective to attach a pump stirring method or a gas stirring method according to the equipment environment and processing conditions. If it is a digestion tank 1 having a watertight and airtight structure with these requirements, it may be made of either reinforced concrete or steel plate, and the existing anaerobic digester should be modified or renewed according to the processing conditions. It is also applicable.
　消化槽１には、消化槽１内の汚泥の一部を引き抜くためのポンプ手段３が接続されている。ポンプ手段３としては、一軸ねじ式ポンプ等が利用可能である。ポンプ手段３には、ポンプ手段３の吐出圧を測定するための吐出圧測定手段１２が接続されており、これが消化槽１内の処理汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出手段として機能する。吐出圧測定手段１２としては、例えば圧力スイッチ等が利用可能であるが、これに限定されない。吐出圧測定手段１２は、設定温度制御手段１０に電気的に接続されている。 The digestion tank 1 is connected to a pump means 3 for extracting a part of the sludge in the digestion tank 1. As the pump means 3, a single screw pump or the like can be used. Discharge pressure measuring means 12 for measuring the discharge pressure of the pump means 3 is connected to the pump means 3, and this functions as a viscosity detecting means for detecting the viscosity of the treated sludge in the digester 1. As the discharge pressure measuring means 12, for example, a pressure switch or the like can be used, but is not limited thereto. The discharge pressure measuring means 12 is electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10.
　加熱手段２は、例えば消化槽１の内外に蒸気などの加熱源を供給することにより消化槽１内の汚泥の温度を嫌気性消化に好適な温度に加熱する。汚泥の嫌気性消化は、処理温度３０～３７℃（中温域）又は５０～５５℃（高温域）に加温することで、効率的な消化が行われる。加熱手段２には、設定温度制御手段１０に電気的に接続された電磁弁１１が接続されており、設定温度制御手段１０による電磁弁１１の開閉制御によって、消化槽１内が適温に保たれるようになっている。温度検出手段４としては、消化槽１内の汚泥の温度を検出可能な装置であれば特に制限されない。 The heating means 2 heats the sludge temperature in the digestion tank 1 to a temperature suitable for anaerobic digestion by supplying a heating source such as steam to the inside and outside of the digestion tank 1, for example. In the anaerobic digestion of sludge, efficient digestion is performed by heating to a treatment temperature of 30 to 37 ° C. (medium temperature range) or 50 to 55 ° C. (high temperature range). An electromagnetic valve 11 electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10 is connected to the heating means 2, and the inside of the digestion tank 1 is kept at an appropriate temperature by opening / closing control of the electromagnetic valve 11 by the set temperature control means 10. It is supposed to be. The temperature detection means 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is a device capable of detecting the temperature of sludge in the digestion tank 1.
　設定温度制御手段１０としては、例えば本実施形態に係る制御アルゴリズムに基づいて、所定の動作指令を送出する汎用又は専用の計算機（コンピュータ）が利用可能である。設定温度制御手段１０は、温度検出手段４による温度検出結果と、吐出圧測定手段１２による吐出圧測定結果から判断される消化槽１内の汚泥の粘度の検出結果に基づいて、消化槽１を加温すべき設定温度を制御し、必要に応じてその設定温度を変更するとともに、電磁弁１１の開閉を制御して消化槽１内の温度を制御する。 As the set temperature control means 10, for example, a general-purpose or dedicated computer (computer) that sends a predetermined operation command can be used based on the control algorithm according to the present embodiment. The set temperature control means 10 controls the digestion tank 1 based on the detection result of the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 determined from the temperature detection result by the temperature detection means 4 and the discharge pressure measurement result by the discharge pressure measurement means 12. The set temperature to be heated is controlled, the set temperature is changed as necessary, and the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 11 is controlled to control the temperature in the digester 1.
　具体的には、設定温度制御手段１０は、粘度検出手段（図１の場合は吐出圧測定手段１２）により検出された検出粘度（吐出圧）が、予め設定された設定上限値以下である場合には、消化槽１を第１の設定温度で加温するように制御する。粘度検出手段（吐出圧測定手段１２）により検出された検出粘度（吐出圧）が設定上限値を上回る場合には、設定温度制御手段１０は、第１の設定温度よりも高い第２の設定温度で消化槽１を加温するように、消化槽１の設定温度を変更することができる。 Specifically, the set temperature control means 10 is used when the detected viscosity (discharge pressure) detected by the viscosity detection means (discharge pressure measuring means 12 in the case of FIG. 1) is equal to or lower than a preset upper limit value. The digester 1 is controlled to be heated at the first set temperature. When the detected viscosity (discharge pressure) detected by the viscosity detecting means (discharge pressure measuring means 12) exceeds the set upper limit value, the set temperature control means 10 sets the second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. The set temperature of the digester 1 can be changed so that the digester 1 is heated.
　設定温度制御手段１０には、消化槽１内の処理の異常を警告するための異常警告手段１３が接続されていてもよい。例えば、消化槽１内の負荷の一時的な増大により槽内汚泥の汚泥濃度が上昇し、温度検出手段４により検出された温度が嫌気性細菌を用いた処理に影響を及ぼす限界温度以上となった場合、或いは粘度検出手段（吐出圧測定手段１２）により検出された検出粘度が消化槽１での処理に不適な限界粘度値を超える場合には、異常警告手段１３が、例えば、音、光、振動等によって操作者に装置の異常を警告する、これにより、操作者が消化槽１の運転異常を早期に発見して対策を施すことができる。 The set temperature control means 10 may be connected to an abnormality warning means 13 for warning an abnormality in processing in the digester 1. For example, the sludge concentration of the sludge in the tank rises due to a temporary increase in the load in the digestion tank 1, and the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means 4 becomes equal to or higher than the limit temperature that affects the treatment using anaerobic bacteria. If the detected viscosity detected by the viscosity detecting means (discharge pressure measuring means 12) exceeds a limit viscosity value unsuitable for processing in the digestion tank 1, the abnormality warning means 13 may be, for example, sound, light The operator is warned of an abnormality of the apparatus by vibration or the like, whereby the operator can detect the operation abnormality of the digester 1 at an early stage and take a countermeasure.
　図１の消化槽１内では、槽内汚泥のＴＳ濃度（槽内ＴＳ濃度）が３．５ｗｔ％以上、より限定的には４．０ｗｔ％以上の汚泥が処理される。現在一般的な汚泥の嫌気性消化技術では、処理される汚泥のＴＳ濃度は２～３ｗｔ％であるが、本実施形態では、従来よりも高濃度な槽内ＴＳ濃度３．５ｗｔ％以上の汚泥を消化槽１で処理することで、高濃度の汚泥を小容量で投入でき、小容量の消化槽１から多量の消化ガスを発生させることができる。 In the digestion tank 1 in FIG. 1, the sludge having a TS concentration (TS concentration in the tank) of 3.5 wt% or more, more specifically 4.0 wt% or more, is processed. In the present general sludge anaerobic digestion technology, the TS concentration of the sludge to be treated is 2 to 3 wt%, but in this embodiment, the sludge having a TS concentration of 3.5 wt% or higher in the tank, which is higher than the conventional one. Is processed in the digestion tank 1, a high-concentration sludge can be introduced in a small volume, and a large amount of digestion gas can be generated from the small-capacity digestion tank 1.
　本実施形態における汚泥の嫌気性消化は処理温度３０～３７℃（中温域）又は５０～５５℃（高温域）に加温することで効率的な消化が行われる。本実施形態では、ＨＲＴ（水理学的滞留時間）２０日以下、より好ましくは１５日以下、更に好ましくは１２日以下で処理可能である。この場合に得られる引抜汚泥の分解率は５０～６０％であり、より具体的には５５～５８％である。 The anaerobic digestion of sludge in the present embodiment is performed efficiently by heating to a treatment temperature of 30 to 37 ° C. (medium temperature range) or 50 to 55 ° C. (high temperature range). In this embodiment, HRT (hydraulic residence time) can be processed in 20 days or less, more preferably 15 days or less, and still more preferably 12 days or less. The decomposition rate of the drawn sludge obtained in this case is 50 to 60%, more specifically 55 to 58%.
　消化槽１の容量は、一般に、投入汚泥の容量とＨＲＴにより決定される。そのため、本実施形態のようにＴＳ濃度４．０～１２ｗｔ％の投入汚泥をＨＲＴ２０日以下で実施可能な消化槽１を配置することにより、ＴＳ濃度２～３ｗｔ％程度の投入汚泥を約３０日かけて処理する従来型の汚泥消化の消化槽よりも、消化槽１の容積を１／２～１／８程度に縮小できるため、設置スペースを低減でき、システム全体の小型化が図られる。 Digestion tank 1 capacity is generally determined by the input sludge capacity and HRT. Therefore, as in this embodiment, by arranging the digester 1 that can carry out the sludge with a TS concentration of 4.0 to 12 wt% in HRT 20 days or less, the input sludge with a TS concentration of about 2 to 3 wt% can be obtained for about 30 days. Since the volume of the digestion tank 1 can be reduced to about 1/2 to 1/8 of the conventional sludge digestion digestion tank that is processed over time, the installation space can be reduced and the entire system can be downsized.
　しかしながら、上述したように、小型化された消化槽１内で高濃度の汚泥を処理する場合、槽内汚泥の粘度が急激に増加して不十分な撹拌混合が起こりやすくなる。本発明者らの知見によれば、消化槽１内での汚泥のＴＳ濃度が、一般的な処理濃度である１～３ｗｔ％程度では、ＴＳ濃度が増加するにつれて粘度が直線的（一次関数的）に増大するが、槽内汚泥のＴＳ濃度が３．５ｗｔ％を超えるとその粘度が急激に増加し始めることが分かった。例えば、槽内ＴＳ濃度が３．５ｗｔ％から４ｗｔ％へ増加するとその粘度は２倍程度に増大し、槽内ＴＳ濃度が４．５ｗｔ％に増加した場合にはその粘度はＴＳ濃度３．５ｗｔ％の粘度に比べると約６倍程度も増大する。 However, as described above, when high-concentration sludge is processed in the miniaturized digestion tank 1, the viscosity of the sludge in the tank increases rapidly and insufficient stirring and mixing easily occurs. According to the knowledge of the present inventors, when the TS concentration of sludge in the digester 1 is about 1 to 3 wt%, which is a general treatment concentration, the viscosity becomes linear (linear function-like) as the TS concentration increases. However, it was found that when the TS concentration of the sludge in the tank exceeds 3.5 wt%, the viscosity starts to increase rapidly. For example, when the TS concentration in the tank increases from 3.5 wt% to 4 wt%, the viscosity increases about twice, and when the TS concentration in the tank increases to 4.5 wt%, the viscosity increases to a TS concentration of 3.5 wt%. The viscosity increases by about 6 times compared to the% viscosity.
　このため、消化槽１内の汚泥の槽内ＴＳ濃度が３．５ｗｔ％よりも高い状態で処理する場合には、従来型の嫌気性消化に比べて特に粘度増加による消化槽１内の撹拌不良の発生がより顕著に生じ得る。 For this reason, when processing in the state where the TS concentration of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 is higher than 3.5 wt%, the stirring failure in the digestion tank 1 due to an increase in viscosity is particularly compared with the conventional anaerobic digestion. The occurrence of can be more noticeable.
　本発明の実施の形態に係る嫌気性消化装置によれば、例えば、消化槽１内の汚泥のＴＳ濃度が上昇し、粘度が上昇することによって処理状況が悪化した場合に、設定温度制御手段１０により、消化槽１内の温度を、菌体の活性に影響がでない温度範囲で設定し直して槽内汚泥の粘度を低減させることにより、処理状況を改善することができる。これにより、高濃度汚泥の嫌気性消化をより好適な条件で安定的に実施することができる。 According to the anaerobic digester according to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, when the TS concentration of the sludge in the digester 1 is increased and the treatment condition is deteriorated due to the increase in viscosity, the set temperature control means 10 Thus, the treatment status can be improved by resetting the temperature in the digestion tank 1 within a temperature range that does not affect the activity of the cells and reducing the viscosity of the sludge in the tank. Thereby, the anaerobic digestion of the high-concentration sludge can be carried out stably under more suitable conditions.
　次に、図２のフローチャートを用いて、本発明の実施の形態に係る嫌気性消化方法の一例を説明する。先ず、ステップＳ１において、操作者により設定された条件に基づいて、設定温度制御手段１０が、消化槽１の運転条件を設定する。例えば、設定温度制御手段１０が、消化槽１内の設定下限値Ｌ１を３５℃、設定上限値Ｈ１を３６℃とする第１の設定温度と、温度Ｌ１以下で電磁弁１１を開き、温度Ｈ１で電磁弁を閉じるための第１の加熱手段設定条件、或いは温度Ｌ１～Ｈ１の場合の吐出圧測定手段１２の設定上限値、或いは粘度の異常を示す限界粘度値の条件などを設定する。 Next, an example of the anaerobic digestion method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described using the flowchart of FIG. First, in step S1, the set temperature control means 10 sets the operating condition of the digester 1 based on the condition set by the operator. For example, the set temperature control means 10 opens the solenoid valve 11 at a first set temperature where the set lower limit value L1 in the digestion tank 1 is 35 ° C. and the set upper limit value H1 is 36 ° C., and below the temperature L1, and the temperature H1 The first heating means setting condition for closing the electromagnetic valve or the upper limit setting value of the discharge pressure measuring means 12 in the case of the temperatures L1 to H1 or the limit viscosity value condition indicating an abnormal viscosity is set.
　ステップＳ２において、設定温度制御手段１０は、吐出圧測定手段１２が測定した吐出圧（引抜汚泥ポンプ吐出圧）が設定上限以下であるか否かを判断する。吐出圧が設定上限以下である場合には、設定温度制御手段１０は、消化槽１内の粘度が適正範囲内であると判断し、工程Ｓ１へ戻る。検出された吐出圧が設定上限を超える場合には、設定温度制御手段１０は、消化槽１内の汚泥の粘度が適正範囲内でないと判断し、ステップＳ３へすすむ。 In step S2, the set temperature control means 10 determines whether or not the discharge pressure (extraction sludge pump discharge pressure) measured by the discharge pressure measuring means 12 is equal to or lower than the set upper limit. When the discharge pressure is equal to or lower than the set upper limit, the set temperature control means 10 determines that the viscosity in the digestion tank 1 is within an appropriate range, and returns to step S1. When the detected discharge pressure exceeds the set upper limit, the set temperature control means 10 determines that the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 is not within the appropriate range, and proceeds to step S3.
　ステップＳ３において、設定温度制御手段１０は、操作者により設定された条件に基づいて、消化槽１の運転条件を変更する。例えば、設定温度制御手段１０は、検出された吐出圧が設定上限を超える場合に、第１の設定温度よりも高い第２の設定温度で消化槽１を加温するように、消化槽１の設定温度を変更する。ここでは、例えば、設定温度制御手段１０が、消化槽１内の設定下限値Ｌ２を３７℃、設定上限値を４０℃とする第２の設定温度と、温度Ｌ２以下で電磁弁１１を開き、温度Ｈ２で電磁弁を閉じるための第２の加熱手段設定条件と、吐出圧測定手段１２の設定条件値などを再度設定する。 In step S3, the set temperature control means 10 changes the operating conditions of the digester 1 based on the conditions set by the operator. For example, when the detected discharge pressure exceeds the set upper limit, the set temperature control means 10 causes the digester 1 to heat the digester 1 at a second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. Change the set temperature. Here, for example, the set temperature control means 10 opens the solenoid valve 11 at a second set temperature where the set lower limit value L2 in the digestion tank 1 is 37 ° C. and the set upper limit value is 40 ° C., and below the temperature L2, The second heating means setting condition for closing the solenoid valve at the temperature H2, the setting condition value of the discharge pressure measuring means 12, and the like are set again.
　ステップＳ４において、設定温度制御手段１０は、吐出圧測定手段１２が測定した吐出圧（引抜汚泥ポンプ吐出圧）が設定上限以下であるか否かを再び判断する。吐出圧が設定上限以下である場合には工程Ｓ１へ戻り、消化槽１の運転条件を再び第１の温度設定値に戻す。検出された吐出圧が設定上限を超える場合には、一定の期間経過後に、再びステップＳ４において設定温度制御手段１０が、吐出圧測定手段１２が測定した吐出圧が設定上限以下であるか否かを判断する。図示を省略しているが、ステップＳ４において検出された吐出圧が設定上限を超える場合には異常警告手段１３が操作者に消化槽１内の処理の異常を警告するようにしてもよい。 In step S4, the set temperature control means 10 determines again whether or not the discharge pressure (extraction sludge pump discharge pressure) measured by the discharge pressure measuring means 12 is equal to or lower than the set upper limit. If the discharge pressure is less than or equal to the set upper limit, the process returns to step S1, and the operating conditions of the digester 1 are returned to the first temperature set value again. If the detected discharge pressure exceeds the set upper limit, whether the discharge pressure measured by the set temperature control means 10 in step S4 is less than or equal to the set upper limit again in step S4 after a certain period of time has elapsed. Judging. Although illustration is omitted, when the discharge pressure detected in step S4 exceeds the set upper limit, the abnormality warning means 13 may warn the operator of an abnormality in the processing in the digestive tract 1.
（第１変形例）
　第１変形例に係る嫌気性消化装置は、図３に示すように、ポンプ手段３の電流値を測定するポンプ電流値測定手段１４を備え、ポンプ電流値測定手段１４が設定温度制御手段１０に電気的に接続されている点が図１の嫌気性消化装置と異なる。ポンプ電流値測定手段１４としては公知の電流計測手段が利用可能である。 (First modification)
As shown in FIG. 3, the anaerobic digester according to the first modification includes a pump current value measuring unit 14 that measures a current value of the pump unit 3, and the pump current value measuring unit 14 is connected to the set temperature control unit 10. The point which is electrically connected differs from the anaerobic digester of FIG. As the pump current value measuring means 14, a known current measuring means can be used.
　図３に示す嫌気性消化装置によれば、ポンプ電流値測定手段１４が消化槽１内の汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出手段として機能する。図３に示す嫌気性消化装置では、ポンプで移送する汚泥の粘度が上がり、配管抵抗が大きくなると、吐出圧と電流値が上がる。そのため、ポンプ手段３の吐出圧及び電流値のいずれからでも、消化槽内１の汚泥の粘度を検出することはできる。一般的には、計器の特性上、電流値の変動の方が、応答性が高く、微小、短時間の変動も検出可能である場合がある。そのため、図３の装置によれば、図１の装置に比べてより消化槽１内の汚泥の状態を精度よく判断することができる場合がある。一方、図１のポンプ手段３の吐出圧を測定する吐出圧測定手段１２を用いる場合には、装置構成を単純化でき、低コスト化できるという利点もある。 3, the pump current value measuring unit 14 functions as a viscosity detecting unit that detects the viscosity of the sludge in the digesting tank 1. In the anaerobic digester shown in FIG. 3, when the viscosity of the sludge transferred by the pump increases and the pipe resistance increases, the discharge pressure and the current value increase. Therefore, the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 can be detected from either the discharge pressure of the pump means 3 or the current value. In general, due to the characteristics of the instrument, the fluctuation of the current value has higher responsiveness, and it may be possible to detect a minute and short-time fluctuation. Therefore, according to the apparatus of FIG. 3, the state of the sludge in the digestion tank 1 can be judged more accurately than the apparatus of FIG. On the other hand, when the discharge pressure measuring means 12 for measuring the discharge pressure of the pump means 3 in FIG. 1 is used, there is an advantage that the apparatus configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
（第２変形例）
　第２変形例に係る嫌気性消化装置は、図４に示すように、消化槽１を撹拌する撹拌手段５の電流値を測定する撹拌電流値測定手段１５を備え、撹拌電流値測定手段１５が設定温度制御手段１０に電気的に接続されている点が図１の嫌気性消化装置と異なる。撹拌電流値測定手段１５としては公知の電流計測手段が利用可能である。 (Second modification)
As shown in FIG. 4, the anaerobic digester according to the second modification includes a stirring current value measuring unit 15 that measures the current value of the stirring unit 5 that stirs the digester 1, and the stirring current value measuring unit 15 includes The point which is electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10 is different from the anaerobic digester of FIG. As the stirring current value measuring means 15, a known current measuring means can be used.
　図４に示す嫌気性消化装置によれば、撹拌電流値測定手段１５が消化槽１内の汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出手段として機能する。ポンプ手段３が接続される配管経路によっては撹拌電流値による電流検出の方が好ましい場合があるため、撹拌電流値測定手段１５が撹拌手段５の電流値を検出することにより、消化槽１内の汚泥の状態をより精度よく判断することができる場合がある。 4, the stirring current value measuring means 15 functions as a viscosity detecting means for detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1. Depending on the piping path to which the pump means 3 is connected, it may be preferable to detect the current based on the stirring current value. Therefore, when the stirring current value measuring means 15 detects the current value of the stirring means 5, In some cases, the state of sludge can be determined with higher accuracy.
（第３変形例）
　第３変形例に係る嫌気性消化装置は、図５に示すように、加熱手段２として熱交換器７を備える点が、図１、３及び４に示す嫌気性装置と異なる。熱交換器７内には蛇行した流路が形成されており、その流路内には外部から温水などの加熱源が供給される。熱交換器７には、熱交換器７と消化槽１との間を循環するための循環ポンプ６が接続されており、循環ポンプ６には、循環ポンプ６の吐出圧を測定するための循環ポンプ吐出圧測定手段１６が接続されている。循環ポンプ吐出圧測定手段１６は圧力スイッチ等で構成することができ、設定温度制御手段１０に電気的に接続されている。熱交換器７への温水等の供給を調節するための流路には電磁弁１７が接続されており、電磁弁１７は設定温度制御手段１０に電気的に接続されている。 (Third Modification)
As shown in FIG. 5, the anaerobic digester according to the third modified example is different from the anaerobic apparatus shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 4 in that a heat exchanger 7 is provided as the heating unit 2. A meandering flow path is formed in the heat exchanger 7, and a heating source such as hot water is supplied from the outside into the flow path. A circulation pump 6 for circulating between the heat exchanger 7 and the digester 1 is connected to the heat exchanger 7, and a circulation for measuring the discharge pressure of the circulation pump 6 is connected to the circulation pump 6. Pump discharge pressure measuring means 16 is connected. The circulation pump discharge pressure measuring means 16 can be constituted by a pressure switch or the like and is electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10. An electromagnetic valve 17 is connected to a flow path for adjusting the supply of hot water or the like to the heat exchanger 7, and the electromagnetic valve 17 is electrically connected to the set temperature control means 10.
　図５に示す嫌気性装置によれば、循環ポンプ吐出圧測定手段１６が、消化槽１内の汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出手段として機能する。熱交換器７は、径が比較的小さく曲部の多い配管で構成されるため、流体を循環させる際の抵抗が大きくなる。これにより、熱交換器７の抵抗値は、流す流体の粘度の変化に応じて吐出圧の変化を精度良く検出することができるため、図５に示すような熱交換器７を利用する間接加温方式の場合は、循環ポンプ吐出圧測定手段１６の測定値を測定することにより、消化槽１内の汚泥の状態をより精度よく判断することができる。なお、循環ポンプ６の吐出圧を測定する代わりに循環ポンプ６の電流値を測定することも可能であることは勿論である。 5, the circulating pump discharge pressure measuring means 16 functions as a viscosity detecting means for detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank 1. Since the heat exchanger 7 is composed of a pipe having a relatively small diameter and a large number of curved portions, resistance when circulating the fluid increases. As a result, the resistance value of the heat exchanger 7 can accurately detect the change in the discharge pressure in accordance with the change in the viscosity of the fluid to be flown. Therefore, the indirect heating using the heat exchanger 7 as shown in FIG. In the case of the temperature method, the state of sludge in the digestion tank 1 can be determined with higher accuracy by measuring the measurement value of the circulation pump discharge pressure measuring means 16. Of course, instead of measuring the discharge pressure of the circulation pump 6, it is also possible to measure the current value of the circulation pump 6.
　なお、図１～図５に示す例では、吐出圧測定手段１２、ポンプ電流値測定手段１４、撹拌電流値測定手段１５及び循環ポンプ吐出圧測定手段１６によって、消化槽１内の汚泥の濃度を間接的に検出する方法を紹介したが、消化槽１内から汚泥を直接引き抜いてその粘度を直接測定する粘度測定手段を採用してもよい。このような粘度測定手段としては、連続測定式粘度計などを用いて連続的に測定する方法、下水試験法又はＪＩＳ規格に準じた粘度計を用いて手動で測定する方法などが挙げられる。また、図１～５に開示された粘度検出手段のいずれか１つ以上を組み合わせて、消化槽１内の汚泥の濃度を検出するようにしても良いことは勿論である。 In the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the concentration of sludge in the digestion tank 1 is determined by the discharge pressure measuring means 12, the pump current value measuring means 14, the stirring current value measuring means 15 and the circulation pump discharge pressure measuring means 16. Although the method of detecting indirectly has been introduced, a viscosity measuring means for directly extracting sludge from the digester 1 and directly measuring its viscosity may be employed. Examples of such a viscosity measuring means include a method of continuous measurement using a continuous measurement viscometer, a method of manual measurement using a sewage test method or a viscometer according to JIS standards, and the like. Of course, any one or more of the viscosity detection means disclosed in FIGS. 1 to 5 may be combined to detect the concentration of sludge in the digestion tank 1.
　また、図１～５に示す態様を、消化槽１で発生した消化ガスを消化槽１の加温又は発電等に供給可能な消化ガス供給ラインと、消化槽１から得られた引抜汚泥を脱水して脱水ケーキを得る脱水機と、脱水ケーキを乾燥させて乾燥汚泥を得る乾燥器と、乾燥器に熱を供給する熱供給装置を備えた汚泥処理システムに導入することも可能である。消化槽１での嫌気性消化処理は、ＴＳ濃度４．０ｗｔ％以上の有機性汚泥をＨＲＴ２０日以下で処理できるため、汚泥処理システム全体の小型化が図れる。このように本発明はここでは記載していない様々な実施の形態等を含むことは勿論であり、本発明の技術的範囲は上記の説明から妥当な特許請求の範囲に係る発明特定事項によって定められる。 1-5, the digestion gas generated in the digester 1 can be supplied to the digester 1 for heating or power generation, and the extracted sludge obtained from the digester 1 is dehydrated. It is also possible to introduce into a sludge treatment system including a dehydrator for obtaining a dehydrated cake, a dryer for drying the dehydrated cake to obtain a dried sludge, and a heat supply device for supplying heat to the dryer. The anaerobic digestion treatment in the digestion tank 1 can treat organic sludge having a TS concentration of 4.0 wt% or more in HRT 20 days or less, so that the sludge treatment system as a whole can be downsized. Thus, it goes without saying that the present invention includes various embodiments and the like not described herein, and the technical scope of the present invention is determined by the invention specific matters according to the appropriate claims from the above description. It is done.
１…消化槽
２…加熱手段
３…ポンプ手段
４…温度検出手段
５…撹拌手段
６…循環ポンプ
７…熱交換器
１０…設定温度制御手段
１１…電磁弁
１２…吐出圧測定手段(粘度検出手段)
１３…異常警告手段
１４…ポンプ電流値測定手段(粘度検出手段)
１５…撹拌電流値測定手段(粘度検出手段)
１６…循環ポンプ吐出圧測定手段(粘度検出手段)
１７…電磁弁 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Digestion tank 2 ... Heating means 3 ... Pump means 4 ... Temperature detection means 5 ... Agitation means 6 ... Circulation pump 7 ... Heat exchanger 10 ... Set temperature control means 11 ... Solenoid valve 12 ... Discharge pressure measurement means (viscosity detection means) )
13. Abnormal warning means 14 ... Pump current value measuring means (viscosity detecting means)
15: Stirring current value measuring means (viscosity detecting means)
16. Circulating pump discharge pressure measuring means (viscosity detecting means)
17 ... Solenoid valve

Claims (7)

  1. 　嫌気性細菌を収容した消化槽内で、有機性汚泥を、槽内ＴＳ濃度３．５ｗｔ％以上で嫌気性消化処理する消化槽と、
    　前記消化槽を加熱する加熱手段と、
    　前記消化槽内の前記汚泥の温度を検出する温度検出手段と、
    　前記消化槽内の前記汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出手段と、
    　前記消化槽内の前記汚泥の温度及び粘度の検出結果に基づいて、前記消化槽の設定温度を制御する設定温度制御手段と
    　を備えることを含む有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置。     In a digestion tank containing anaerobic bacteria, an organic sludge is subjected to an anaerobic digestion treatment with a TS concentration of 3.5 wt% or more in the tank,
    Heating means for heating the digestion tank;
    Temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the sludge in the digestion tank;
    Viscosity detecting means for detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank;
    An anaerobic digester for organic sludge, comprising: a set temperature control means for controlling a set temperature of the digester based on a detection result of temperature and viscosity of the sludge in the digester.
  2. 　前記設定温度制御手段は、
    　前記粘度検出手段により検出された検出粘度が設定上限値以下である場合には前記消化槽を第１の設定温度で加温するように制御し、前記検出粘度が前記設定上限値を上回る場合には前記第１の設定温度よりも高い第２の設定温度で前記消化槽を加温するように、前記消化槽の設定温度を変更することを含む請求項１に記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置。     The set temperature control means includes
    When the detected viscosity detected by the viscosity detecting means is equal to or lower than a set upper limit value, the digester is controlled to be heated at a first set temperature, and when the detected viscosity exceeds the set upper limit value. The anaerobic property of the organic sludge according to claim 1, comprising changing the set temperature of the digester so that the digester is heated at a second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. Digestive equipment.
  3. 　前記粘度検出手段は、
    　前記消化槽内から前記汚泥を引き抜いてその粘度を測定する粘度測定手段、
    　前記消化槽から前記汚泥を引き抜くポンプ手段の吐出圧を測定する吐出圧測定手段、
    　前記ポンプ手段の電流値を測定するポンプ電流値測定手段、
    　前記消化槽を撹拌する撹拌手段の電流値を測定する撹拌電流値測定手段、
    の少なくともいずれかにより、前記汚泥の粘度を検出することを含む請求項１又は２に記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置。     The viscosity detecting means includes
    A viscosity measuring means for extracting the sludge from the digestion tank and measuring its viscosity;
    A discharge pressure measuring means for measuring a discharge pressure of a pump means for extracting the sludge from the digestion tank;
    A pump current value measuring means for measuring a current value of the pump means;
    Stirring current value measuring means for measuring the current value of stirring means for stirring the digestion tank,
    The anaerobic digester for organic sludge according to claim 1 or 2, comprising detecting the viscosity of the sludge by at least one of the above.
  4. 　前記加熱手段が熱交換器を含み、
    　前記粘度検出手段が、前記熱交換器に接続された循環ポンプの吐出圧を測定することにより前記消化槽内の前記汚泥の粘度を検出することを含む請求項１又は２に記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化装置。     The heating means includes a heat exchanger;
    The organic sludge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the viscosity detecting means includes detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank by measuring a discharge pressure of a circulation pump connected to the heat exchanger. Anaerobic digester.
  5. 　嫌気性細菌を収容した消化槽内で、有機性汚泥を、槽内ＴＳ濃度３．５ｗｔ％以上で嫌気性消化処理する消化工程と、
    　前記消化槽を加熱する加熱工程と、
    　前記消化槽内の前記汚泥の温度を検出する温度検出工程と、
    　前記消化槽内の前記汚泥の粘度を検出する粘度検出工程と、
    　前記消化槽内の前記汚泥の温度及び粘度の検出結果に基づいて、前記消化槽の設定温度を制御する設定温度制御工程と
    　を含む有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化方法。     In the digestion tank containing anaerobic bacteria, the organic sludge is subjected to an anaerobic digestion treatment with a TS concentration of 3.5 wt% or more in the tank,
    A heating step of heating the digestion tank;
    A temperature detection step for detecting the temperature of the sludge in the digestion tank;
    A viscosity detection step of detecting the viscosity of the sludge in the digestion tank;
    An anaerobic digestion method of organic sludge, comprising: a set temperature control step for controlling a set temperature of the digester based on a detection result of temperature and viscosity of the sludge in the digester.
  6. 　前記設定温度制御工程は、
    　前記粘度検出工程により検出された検出粘度が設定上限値以下である場合には前記消化槽を第１の設定温度で加温するように制御し、前記検出粘度が前記設定上限値を上回る場合には前記第１の設定温度よりも高い第２の設定温度で前記消化槽を加温するように、前記消化槽の設定温度を変更することを含む請求項５に記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化方法。     The set temperature control step includes:
    When the detected viscosity detected by the viscosity detection step is less than or equal to a set upper limit value, the digester is controlled to be heated at a first set temperature, and when the detected viscosity exceeds the set upper limit value. The anaerobic property of organic sludge according to claim 5, comprising changing the set temperature of the digester so as to heat the digester at a second set temperature higher than the first set temperature. Digestion method.
  7. 　前記消化槽内で有機性汚泥を水理学的滞留時間２０日以下で処理することを含む請求項５又は６に記載の有機性汚泥の嫌気性消化方法。 The method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge according to claim 5 or 6, comprising treating the organic sludge in the digestion tank with a hydraulic residence time of 20 days or less.
PCT/JP2015/057948 2014-03-27 2015-03-17 Device and method for anaerobic digestion of organic sludge WO2015146725A1 (en)

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