WO2015145014A1 - Power supply circuit of an electronic circuit, and control device provided with such a power supply circuit - Google Patents

Power supply circuit of an electronic circuit, and control device provided with such a power supply circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015145014A1
WO2015145014A1 PCT/FR2015/050563 FR2015050563W WO2015145014A1 WO 2015145014 A1 WO2015145014 A1 WO 2015145014A1 FR 2015050563 W FR2015050563 W FR 2015050563W WO 2015145014 A1 WO2015145014 A1 WO 2015145014A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
power supply
control
voltage
terminal
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PCT/FR2015/050563
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Coujean
Original Assignee
Legrand France
Legrand Snc
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Application filed by Legrand France, Legrand Snc filed Critical Legrand France
Publication of WO2015145014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015145014A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/338—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/105—Controlling the light source in response to determined parameters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power supply of electronic circuits.
  • It relates more particularly to a power supply circuit of an electronic circuit and a control device equipped with such a power supply circuit.
  • the invention is particularly advantageous in the case of two-wire load control devices, to be connected between the phase of an electrical installation and the load, without connection to the neutral.
  • the patent application EP 2 552 004 describes a switching power supply circuit of an electronic circuit comprising a transformer comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, a controlled switch (switching transistor) connected in series with the primary circuit, a circuit (rectifier bridge) adapted to apply a DC voltage to the assembly formed by the primary circuit and the controlled switch, a control module adapted to control the opening or closing of the controlled switch and a control circuit ( rectifying and smoothing circuit) connected to the secondary circuit and comprising at least one supply terminal of the electronic circuit.
  • the switching transistor is controlled by an integrated control circuit which applies a PWM type signal to the gate of the transistor.
  • control devices are mounted between the phase of the electrical installation and the load; any current consumed by the control device, especially in standby mode (load not powered), therefore necessarily crosses the load, the risk of causing visible illumination (ghost effect) when the load is a low consumption lamp.
  • the present invention proposes a supply circuit as presented above, characterized in that the control module comprises an astable oscillator designed to deliver periodic control pulses to the controlled switch (made for example under form of a transistor).
  • This control circuit has a much simpler structure than the integrated circuit used in the document EP 2 552 004 and can be dimensioned to have a very low consumption (between 1.4 mW and 14 mW in the embodiment described below) .
  • the controlled switch being designed to be closed in the presence of a control pulse, provision is made in particular for this purpose that the duty cycle of the control pulses is less than or equal to 0.001, which allows to not charge energy the power supply (by closing the controlled switch) only during a very small (and, moreover, unusually low) proportion of the total operating time.
  • the astable oscillator comprises for example a capacitor and at least one diac connected between a first terminal of the capacitor and a control electrode of the controlled switch.
  • a capacitor can charge up to cause the initiation of the diac and thus generate a control pulse, as explained below.
  • a first terminal of a first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor and that said direct voltage is applied between the second terminal of the first resistor and the second terminal of the capacitor, which allows charging of the capacitor.
  • a second resistor is for example connected between the control electrode of the controlled switch and the second terminal of the capacitor, to allow the discharge of the capacitor when the diac is initiated.
  • the astable oscillator thus proposed consumes very little electrical energy for controlling the controlled switch.
  • the second resistor has for example a resistance less than or equal to 1 k ⁇ and / or the first resistor has a resistance greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ .
  • the invention also proposes a control device comprising a supply circuit as proposed above, an electronic control circuit powered by the supply circuit and a power switch controlled by the electronic control circuit.
  • Such a control device is for example of the type comprising a first connection terminal and a second connection terminal; the power switch and the supply circuit can then be connected in parallel between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal.
  • the circuit designed to apply a DC voltage may comprise a rectifier bridge and a smoothing capacitance.
  • a first input and a second input of the rectifier bridge can then be respectively connected to the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal; the smoothing ability can be mounted between a first output and a second output of the rectifier bridge, between which said DC voltage is applied.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the main elements of an example of a load control device according to the teachings of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of an energy storage circuit used in the control device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of use of the control device of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an exemplary supply circuit according to the teachings of the invention, which can be used in particular in the control device of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 1 shows the main elements of an example of a load control device 10 according to the teachings of the invention.
  • This control device 10 comprises two connection terminals A, B between which is mounted a power switch 18 designed to make open or close an electrical path between the two connection terminals A, B, that is to say to selectively isolate or electrically connect the two connection terminals A, B, as a function of a control signal CMD delivered by a electronic control circuit 16, for example a microcontroller.
  • a power switch 18 designed to make open or close an electrical path between the two connection terminals A, B, that is to say to selectively isolate or electrically connect the two connection terminals A, B, as a function of a control signal CMD delivered by a electronic control circuit 16, for example a microcontroller.
  • the electronic control circuit can transmit this control signal CMD on the basis of a command from the user (detected for example by means of a button fitted to the control device, or received from a remote control via a radiofrequency signal) or any other control logic (for example according to an infrared detection of a human presence and / or according to a delay).
  • the control device 10 comprises a first power supply circuit 12 designed to deliver a first supply voltage Ui, in particular when the load is not powered, that is to say when the power switch 18 is open. To do this, the first power supply circuit 12 is connected on the one hand to the connection terminal A and on the other hand to the connection terminal B, in parallel with the power switch 18.
  • the first power supply circuit 12 is designed to consume a low electrical power, for example less than 15 mW.
  • the control device 10 also comprises a second power supply circuit 14 designed to deliver a second supply voltage U 2 when the load is energized, that is to say when the power switch 18 is closed.
  • the second power supply circuit 14 is designed to deliver a greater power to the electronic control circuit 16 than the first power supply circuit 12, power required when the load is powered.
  • the electronic control circuit 16 can control the power off of the second power supply circuit 14 by means of an ALIM control signal (for example after controlling the power supply). opening of the power switch 18 by means of the control signal CMD).
  • the electronic control circuit 16 can for example switch to a low power operating mode, during which it consumes an electric power of less than or equal to 10 mW, when the power switch 18 is open. In this case, the electronic control circuit 16 is awakened (that is to say it leaves the low power operation mode to enter a normal operating mode) upon receipt of a command from the user (for example, as already indicated, by pressing a button or receiving a radiofrequency signal).
  • the voltages U i, U 2 generated respectively by the first power supply circuit 12 and the second power supply circuit 14 are each applied to an input of an electrical energy storage circuit 15, which outputs a third voltage.
  • supply U reg applied to the electronic control circuit 16 in order to provide for its power supply.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of such an electrical energy storage circuit.
  • the storage circuit 15 comprises a capacitor C0 whose first terminal is connected to a reference voltage R (available at the secondary of the first supply circuit 12 as explained below with reference to FIG. 4) and whose second terminal receives firstly the first supply voltage U 1 with the interposition of a diode D1 and secondly the second supply voltage L 1 with the interposition of a diode D 2.
  • the third supply voltage U reg is available on the second terminal of the capacitor C0.
  • the capacitor C0 stores the electrical energy and thus smooths the voltage present at its second terminal, which makes it possible to avoid a voltage break at the on and off times of the second supply circuit 14.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of use of the control device in an electrical installation of a dwelling.
  • a mains voltage S supplied by the domestic electrical network is present between a phase terminal L and a neutral terminal N.
  • the mains voltage S is in general an alternating voltage of between 85 VACrms and 270 VACrms with a frequency between 47 Hz and 63 Hz.
  • the charge to be controlled by the control device 10 is for example a lamp 20, such as an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp or a light-emitting diode lamp (LED lamp).
  • a lamp 20 such as an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp or a light-emitting diode lamp (LED lamp).
  • the load to be controlled could be another type of charge, for example a heater or a motor.
  • the load can be of resistive type (incandescent lamp, heating), inductive (transformer for halogen lamp, motor, fan) or electronic (fluorescent lamp or LED).
  • the lamp 20 is connected between the neutral terminal N of the electrical installation and the connection terminal B of the control device 10; the connection terminal A of the control device 10 is connected to the phase terminal L of the electrical installation.
  • FIG. 4 represents an exemplary embodiment of the first power supply circuit 12, in accordance with the teachings of the invention.
  • a first input E1 of a rectifier bridge (block B1) is connected to the connection terminal A with the interposition of a current limiting resistor R68 (block B0), here 47 ⁇ ; a second input E2 of the rectifier bridge is directly connected to the connection terminal B.
  • the rectifier bridge (block B1) comprises a diode D7 whose anode is connected to the first input E1 and whose cathode is connected to a first output S1 of the rectifier bridge.
  • the rectifier bridge also comprises a diode D8 whose cathode is connected to the first input E1 and whose anode is connected to a second output S2 of the rectifier bridge.
  • the rectifier bridge comprises a diode D9 whose cathode is connected to the second input E2 and whose anode is connected to the second output S2, and a diode D10 whose anode is connected to the second input E2 and whose cathode is connected to the first output S1.
  • the rectifier bridge (block B1) makes it possible to convert a sinusoidal signal present between the first input E1 and the second input E2 (due to the connection of these inputs respectively to the connection terminal A and to the connection terminal B) in one signal rectified double alternation between the first output S1 and the second output S2.
  • This second output S2 is used as the reference voltage point R; relative to this reference voltage R, the voltage at the first output S1 is formed on the basis of positive half cycles.
  • a capacitor C6 (which forms the block B2), mounted between the reference voltage point R and the first output S1, also makes it possible to smooth this voltage and to obtain a DC voltage.
  • a weak capacitor capacitance typically less than 1 F, here 100 nF, because of the low demand power output. It is also proposed to use a ceramic capacitor for its low leakage current (here less than 1 ⁇ , which causes a loss of less than 0.3 mW).
  • the set of blocks B0, B1 and B2 thus generates a DC voltage between the first output S1 and the reference point R from the AC voltage present between the connection terminals A, B (in particular when the power switch 18 is open).
  • This voltage is applied to an assembly formed by the primary of a transformer TX1 and a transistor M1 (here of the MOS type) connected in series: to do this, a first point T1 of the primary of the transformer TX1 is connected to the first output S1 while a second point T2 of the transformer primary TX1 is connected to the reference point R via the transistor M1.
  • the drain of the transistor M1 is connected to the second point T2 of the primary and the source of the transistor M1 is connected to the reference point R, here with the interposition of a resistor R45 used in the block B5 as described below.
  • Transformer TX1 and transistor M1 form block B4.
  • Closing the transistor M1 (here with a very low duty cycle as explained below) allows the passage of a current (here very brief) in the primary of the transformer TX1, which will cause the establishment of a current in the secondary of the transformer TX1, connected to a control circuit (block B7) as explained below.
  • the opening and the closing of the transistor M1 are controlled by a control module (block B3), realized in the form of an astable oscillator, which generates at the output a signal (intended for the gate of the transistor M1) which oscillates (due to of the construction of the circuit) between two voltages: a voltage controlling the closing of the transistor M1 (voltage greater than the switching voltage, or plateau voltage, supplied by the manufacturer of the MOS transistor) and a voltage controlling the opening of the transistor M1 (voltage lower than the defusing voltage provided by the manufacturer of the MOS transistor).
  • a control module block B3
  • an astable oscillator which generates at the output a signal (intended for the gate of the transistor M1) which oscillates (due to of the construction of the circuit) between two voltages: a voltage controlling the closing of the transistor M1 (voltage greater than the switching voltage, or plateau voltage, supplied by the manufacturer of the MOS transistor) and a voltage controlling the opening of the transistor M1 (voltage lower than the defusing voltage provided
  • the control module B3 is here made on the basis of passive components and contains no active component.
  • the control module B3 comprises a resistor R55 (here 10 ⁇ ) connected in series with a capacitor C5 (4.7 nF capacity here) between the first output S1 of the rectifier bridge B1 and the reference point R (which corresponds to the second output S2 of the rectifier bridge B1 as already indicated). Specifically, a first terminal of the capacitor C5 and a first terminal of the resistor R55 are connected together, while the second terminal of the capacitor C5 is connected to the reference point R and the second terminal of the resistor R55 is connected to the first output. S1.
  • the control module B3 furthermore comprises two diodes X1, X2 connected in series between the gate of the transistor M1 and the point of connection between the resistor R55 and the capacitor C5 (connection point which corresponds to the first terminal of the resistor R55 and at the first terminal of the capacitor C5).
  • the gate of the transistor M1 is also connected to the reference point R by a resistor R65 (here 470 ⁇ ).
  • the capacitor C5 charges through the resistor R55. Due to the large value of the resistor R55 (preferably 1 ⁇ or more, here 10 ⁇ ), the charging current is low (30 ⁇ for a rectified DC voltage of 300 V with a resistance R55 of 10 ⁇ , or about 10 mW of loss).
  • the voltage across the capacitor C5 is applied to the gate of the transistor M1, which causes it to close. Note that the number of diacs and their starting voltage are chosen so that the voltage of the assembly, once the diacs are initiated (and during the time of the discharge), is sufficient to trigger and maintain the closure of the transistor M1 (regardless of the input mains voltage S in the range indicated above).
  • the duty cycle of the signal applied to the control electrode (here the gate) of the transistor M1 is less than 0.001.
  • the period of the signals generated by the astable oscillator (which depends in particular on the capacitance of the capacitor C5 and the resistor R55) is generally between 5 ms and 50 ms (for example 37 ms for a DC voltage across the capacitor C6 of 120 V and 9 ms for a DC voltage across the capacitor C6 of 380 V), while the duration during which the diacs are on is in each period less than 2 MS.
  • the application of the signal generated by the astable oscillator B3 to the control electrode of the transistor M1 makes it possible to close the transistor M1 (and thus to draw current on the mains supply, and through the load in the case of use of Figure 3) for a very small part of the total time (less than 1/1000 th of time according to the duty ratio mentioned above).
  • the astable oscillator B3 itself has a very low consumption.
  • the supply circuit of FIG. 4 also comprises a current limiting circuit (block B5) produced as follows: as already indicated, the source of the transistor M1 is connected to the reference point R via a resistor R45 , here value of 2.15 ⁇ .
  • the source of the transistor M1 is also connected to the base of a transistor Q2 via a resistor R49 (here 1 k ⁇ ).
  • the base of the transistor Q2 is also connected to the reference point R by means of a capacitor C4 (here of capacitance 1 nF).
  • the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected (here directly) to the reference point R and the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the gate of the transistor M1 by means of a resistor R62 (here 100 k ⁇ ).
  • the current limiting circuit B5 also includes a transistor
  • the transistor Q2 becomes on, which causes the opening (i.e. blocking) of the transistor Q1 (its base being set to the reference voltage) and thus the opening of the transistor M1: the current is thus interrupted in the primary of the transformer TX1.
  • the supply circuit of FIG. 4 also comprises a transistor protection circuit (block B6) which comprises a capacitor C2 (with a capacity of 100 ⁇ F) and a resistor R48 (of 100 k ⁇ ) connected in parallel between the first output S1 of the rectifier bridge B1 and the cathode of a diode D3, whose anode is connected to the drain of transistor M1.
  • a transistor protection circuit block B6 which comprises a capacitor C2 (with a capacity of 100 ⁇ F) and a resistor R48 (of 100 k ⁇ ) connected in parallel between the first output S1 of the rectifier bridge B1 and the cathode of a diode D3, whose anode is connected to the drain of transistor M1.
  • a regulation circuit B7 recovers the voltage generated at the secondary: the regulation circuit B7 is connected between a first point T3 of the secondary of the transformer TX1 and a second point T4 of the secondary of the transformer TX1 (here connected to the reference point R).
  • the regulation circuit B7 comprises a diode D5 whose anode is connected to the first point T3 of the secondary.
  • the cathode of the diode D5 is connected to the second point T4 of the secondary through a capacitor C3 (here of capacitance 22 pF).
  • the supply voltage Ui sought is thus generated (after recovery by the diode D5 and smoothing by the capacitor C3) at the cathode of the diode D5.
  • the supply circuit finally comprises a circuit for limiting the secondary voltage (block B8) based on an optocoupler O1.
  • a light emitting diode of the optocoupler O1 is mounted between the first point T3 of the secondary and the reference point R.
  • the anode of the light emitting diode is connected to the first T3 of the secondary by means of a resistor R66 (here of 1 kQ) and the cathode of the light emitting diode is connected to the cathode of a Zener diode D6, whose anode is connected to the reference point.
  • a photoreceptor transistor of the optocoupler O1 is mounted with its emitter connected to the base of the transistor Q2 and its collector connected to the base of the transistor M1 via a resistor R67 (here 1 k ⁇ ), its base is however not connected.
  • the elements of the optocoupler 01 are activated, which causes the blocking of the transistor M1 and therefore prevents any increase in the voltage beyond this determined value.

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply circuit of an electronic circuit which comprises a transformer (TX1) comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, a controlled switch (M1) which is connected in series with the primary circuit, a circuit (B0, B1, B2) designed to apply a DC voltage to the assembly formed by the primary circuit and the controlled switch, a control module (B3) designed to control the opening or the closing of the controlled switch (M1), and an adjustment circuit (B7) which is connected to the secondary circuit and comprises at least one power supply terminal of the electronic circuit. The control module (B3) comprises an astable oscillator which is designed to deliver periodic control pulses to the controlled switch, which is designed to be closed when a control pulse is present, the duty cycle of the control pulses being less than or equal to 0.001. A control device provided with such a power supply circuit is also described.

Description

Circuit d'alimentation d'un circuit électronique et dispositif de commande équipé d'un tel circuit d'alimentation  Circuit for supplying an electronic circuit and control device equipped with such a supply circuit
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE AUQUEL SE RAPPORTE L'INVENTION La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'alimentation électrique des circuits électroniques. TECHNICAL FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES The present invention relates to the field of power supply of electronic circuits.
Elle concerne plus particulièrement un circuit d'alimentation d'un circuit électronique et un dispositif de commande équipé d'un tel circuit d'alimentation.  It relates more particularly to a power supply circuit of an electronic circuit and a control device equipped with such a power supply circuit.
L'invention s'applique particulièrement avantageusement dans le cas des dispositifs de commande de charge à deux fils, à brancher entre la phase d'une installation électrique et la charge, sans connexion au neutre.  The invention is particularly advantageous in the case of two-wire load control devices, to be connected between the phase of an electrical installation and the load, without connection to the neutral.
ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE  BACKGROUND
La demande de brevet EP 2 552 004 décrit un circuit d'alimentation à découpage d'un circuit électronique comprenant un transformateur comprenant un circuit primaire et un circuit secondaire, un interrupteur commandé (transistor de découpage) monté en série avec le circuit primaire, un circuit (pont redresseur) conçu pour appliquer une tension continue à l'ensemble formé par le circuit primaire et l'interrupteur commandé, un module de commande conçu pour commander l'ouverture ou la fermeture de l'interrupteur commandé et un circuit de régulation (circuit de redressement et de lissage) branché sur le circuit secondaire et comprenant au moins une borne d'alimentation du circuit électronique.  The patent application EP 2 552 004 describes a switching power supply circuit of an electronic circuit comprising a transformer comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit, a controlled switch (switching transistor) connected in series with the primary circuit, a circuit (rectifier bridge) adapted to apply a DC voltage to the assembly formed by the primary circuit and the controlled switch, a control module adapted to control the opening or closing of the controlled switch and a control circuit ( rectifying and smoothing circuit) connected to the secondary circuit and comprising at least one supply terminal of the electronic circuit.
Dans ce circuit, le transistor de découpage est commandé par un circuit intégré de commande qui applique un signal de type PWM à la grille du transistor.  In this circuit, the switching transistor is controlled by an integrated control circuit which applies a PWM type signal to the gate of the transistor.
L'utilisation d'un circuit intégré entraîne toutefois une consommation de courant qui n'est pas souhaitable dans certaines applications où l'on souhaite minimiser autant que possible la consommation d'énergie électrique. C'est le cas notamment des dispositifs de commande de charge à deux fils (utilisés par exemple dans les situations où une lampe est montée en série avec le dispositif de commande).  The use of an integrated circuit, however, leads to a current consumption which is undesirable in certain applications where it is desired to minimize the consumption of electrical energy as much as possible. This is particularly the case of two-wire load control devices (used for example in situations where a lamp is connected in series with the control device).
En effet, de tels dispositifs de commande sont montés entre la phase de l'installation électrique et la charge ; tout courant consommé par le dispositif de commande, notamment en mode veille (charge non alimentée), traverse donc nécessairement la charge, au risque de provoquer un éclairement visible (effet "ghost") lorsque la charge est une lampe faible consommation. OBJET DE L'INVENTION Indeed, such control devices are mounted between the phase of the electrical installation and the load; any current consumed by the control device, especially in standby mode (load not powered), therefore necessarily crosses the load, the risk of causing visible illumination (ghost effect) when the load is a low consumption lamp. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Dans ce contexte, la présente invention propose un circuit d'alimentation tel que présenté ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que le module de commande comprend un oscillateur astable conçu pour délivrer des impulsions de commande périodiques à l'interrupteur commandé (réalisé par exemple sous forme d'un transistor).  In this context, the present invention proposes a supply circuit as presented above, characterized in that the control module comprises an astable oscillator designed to deliver periodic control pulses to the controlled switch (made for example under form of a transistor).
Ce circuit de commande a une structure beaucoup plus simple que le circuit intégré utilisé dans le document EP 2 552 004 et peut être dimensionné pour avoir une consommation très faible (entre 1 ,4 mW et 14mW dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit plus loin).  This control circuit has a much simpler structure than the integrated circuit used in the document EP 2 552 004 and can be dimensioned to have a very low consumption (between 1.4 mW and 14 mW in the embodiment described below) .
L'interrupteur commandé étant conçu pour être fermé en présence d'une impulsion de commande, on prévoit en particulier pour ce faire que le rapport cyclique des impulsions de commande soit inférieur ou égal à 0,001 , ce qui permet de ne débiter de l'énergie électrique sur le secteur (par la fermeture de l'interrupteur commandé) que pendant une proportion très faible (et d'ailleurs inhabituellement faible) du temps total de fonctionnement.  The controlled switch being designed to be closed in the presence of a control pulse, provision is made in particular for this purpose that the duty cycle of the control pulses is less than or equal to 0.001, which allows to not charge energy the power supply (by closing the controlled switch) only during a very small (and, moreover, unusually low) proportion of the total operating time.
L'oscillateur astable comprend par exemple un condensateur et au moins un diac branché entre une première borne du condensateur et une électrode de commande de l'interrupteur commandé. Un tel condensateur peut se charger jusqu'à provoquer l'amorçage du diac et générer ainsi une impulsion de commande, comme expliqué ci-après.  The astable oscillator comprises for example a capacitor and at least one diac connected between a first terminal of the capacitor and a control electrode of the controlled switch. Such a capacitor can charge up to cause the initiation of the diac and thus generate a control pulse, as explained below.
On prévoit par exemple qu'une première borne d'un premier résistor soit connectée à la première borne du condensateur et que ladite tension continue soit appliquée entre la seconde borne du premier résistor et la seconde borne du condensateur, ce qui permet la charge du condensateur.  For example, it is provided that a first terminal of a first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor and that said direct voltage is applied between the second terminal of the first resistor and the second terminal of the capacitor, which allows charging of the capacitor. .
Par ailleurs, un second résistor est par exemple connecté entre l'électrode de commande de l'interrupteur commandé et la seconde borne du condensateur, afin de permettre la décharge du condensateur lorsque le diac est amorcé.  Furthermore, a second resistor is for example connected between the control electrode of the controlled switch and the second terminal of the capacitor, to allow the discharge of the capacitor when the diac is initiated.
L'oscillateur astable ainsi proposé consomme très peu d'énergie électrique pour la commande de l'interrupteur commandé.  The astable oscillator thus proposed consumes very little electrical energy for controlling the controlled switch.
Comme expliqué dans la description qui suit, le second résistor a par exemple une résistance inférieure ou égale à 1 kQ et/ou le premier résistor a une résistance supérieure ou égale à 1 ΜΩ. L'invention propose également un dispositif de commande comprenant un circuit d'alimentation comme proposé ci-dessus, un circuit électronique de commande alimenté par le circuit d'alimentation et un interrupteur de puissance commandé par le circuit électronique de commande. As explained in the description that follows, the second resistor has for example a resistance less than or equal to 1 kΩ and / or the first resistor has a resistance greater than or equal to 1 Ω. The invention also proposes a control device comprising a supply circuit as proposed above, an electronic control circuit powered by the supply circuit and a power switch controlled by the electronic control circuit.
Un tel dispositif de commande est par exemple du type comprenant une première borne de connexion et une seconde borne de connexion ; l'interrupteur de puissance et le circuit d'alimentation peuvent alors être montés en parallèle entre la première borne de connexion et la seconde borne de connexion.  Such a control device is for example of the type comprising a first connection terminal and a second connection terminal; the power switch and the supply circuit can then be connected in parallel between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal.
Selon un mode de réalisation envisageable, le circuit conçu pour appliquer une tension continue peut comprendre un pont redresseur et une capacité de lissage. Une première entrée et une seconde entrée du pont redresseur peuvent alors être respectivement reliées à la première borne de connexion et à la seconde borne de connexion ; la capacité de lissage peut quant à elle être montée entre une première sortie et une seconde sortie du pont redresseur, entre lesquelles est appliquée ladite tension continue.  According to one conceivable embodiment, the circuit designed to apply a DC voltage may comprise a rectifier bridge and a smoothing capacitance. A first input and a second input of the rectifier bridge can then be respectively connected to the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal; the smoothing ability can be mounted between a first output and a second output of the rectifier bridge, between which said DC voltage is applied.
DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉE D'UN EXEMPLE DE RÉALISATION La description qui va suivre en regard des dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, fera bien comprendre en quoi consiste l'invention et comment elle peut être réalisée.  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented.
Sur les dessins annexés :  In the accompanying drawings:
- la figure 1 représente schématiquement les principaux éléments d'un exemple de dispositif de commande d'une charge conforme aux enseignements de l'invention ;  - Figure 1 shows schematically the main elements of an example of a load control device according to the teachings of the invention;
- la figure 2 présente un exemple d'un circuit de stockage d'énergie utilisé dans le dispositif de commande de la figure 1 ;  FIG. 2 shows an example of an energy storage circuit used in the control device of FIG. 1;
- la figure 3 présente un exemple d'utilisation du dispositif de commande de la figure 1 ; et  FIG. 3 shows an example of use of the control device of FIG. 1; and
- la figure 4 est un schéma électrique d'un exemple de circuit d'alimentation conforme aux enseignements de l'invention, utilisable notamment dans le dispositif de commande de la figure 1 .  FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an exemplary supply circuit according to the teachings of the invention, which can be used in particular in the control device of FIG. 1.
La figure 1 représente les principaux éléments d'un exemple de dispositif de commande 10 d'une charge conforme aux enseignements de l'invention.  Figure 1 shows the main elements of an example of a load control device 10 according to the teachings of the invention.
Ce dispositif de commande 10 comporte deux bornes de connexion A, B entre lesquelles est monté un interrupteur de puissance 18 conçu pour rendre ouvert ou fermé un chemin électrique entre les deux bornes de connexion A,B, c'est-à-dire pour sélectivement isoler ou relier électriquement les deux bornes de connexion A,B, en fonction d'un signal de commande CMD délivré par un circuit électronique de commande 16, par exemple un microcontrôleur. This control device 10 comprises two connection terminals A, B between which is mounted a power switch 18 designed to make open or close an electrical path between the two connection terminals A, B, that is to say to selectively isolate or electrically connect the two connection terminals A, B, as a function of a control signal CMD delivered by a electronic control circuit 16, for example a microcontroller.
Selon l'application envisagée, le circuit électronique de commande peut émettre ce signal de commande CMD sur la base d'une commande de l'utilisateur (détectée par exemple au moyen d'un bouton équipant le dispositif de commande, ou reçue d'une télécommande via un signal radiofréquence) ou de toute autre logique de commande (par exemple en fonction d'une détection infrarouge d'une présence humaine et/ou en fonction d'une temporisation).  Depending on the intended application, the electronic control circuit can transmit this control signal CMD on the basis of a command from the user (detected for example by means of a button fitted to the control device, or received from a remote control via a radiofrequency signal) or any other control logic (for example according to an infrared detection of a human presence and / or according to a delay).
Le dispositif de commande 10 comprend un premier circuit d'alimentation 12 conçu pour délivrer une première tension d'alimentation Ui, en particulier lorsque la charge n'est pas alimentée, c'est-à-dire lorsque l'interrupteur de puissance 18 est ouvert. Pour ce faire, le premier circuit d'alimentation 12 est connecté d'une part à la borne de connexion A et d'autre part à la borne de connexion B, en parallèle de l'interrupteur de puissance 18.  The control device 10 comprises a first power supply circuit 12 designed to deliver a first supply voltage Ui, in particular when the load is not powered, that is to say when the power switch 18 is open. To do this, the first power supply circuit 12 is connected on the one hand to the connection terminal A and on the other hand to the connection terminal B, in parallel with the power switch 18.
Comme cela sera expliqué plus en détail dans la suite, le premier circuit d'alimentation 12 est conçu pour consommer une puissance électrique faible, par exemple inférieure à 15 mW.  As will be explained in more detail below, the first power supply circuit 12 is designed to consume a low electrical power, for example less than 15 mW.
Le dispositif de commande 10 comprend également un second circuit d'alimentation 14 conçu pour délivrer une seconde tension d'alimentation U2 lorsque la charge est alimentée, c'est-à-dire lorsque l'interrupteur de puissance 18 est fermé. The control device 10 also comprises a second power supply circuit 14 designed to deliver a second supply voltage U 2 when the load is energized, that is to say when the power switch 18 is closed.
Le second circuit d'alimentation 14 est conçu pour délivrer une puissance plus importante au circuit électronique de commande 16 que le premier circuit d'alimentation 12, puissance nécessaire lorsque la charge est alimentée.  The second power supply circuit 14 is designed to deliver a greater power to the electronic control circuit 16 than the first power supply circuit 12, power required when the load is powered.
Afin de limiter la consommation électrique lorsque la charge n'est pas alimentée, le circuit électronique de commande 16 peut commander la mise hors tension du second circuit d'alimentation 14 au moyen d'un signal de pilotage ALIM (par exemple après avoir commandé l'ouverture de l'interrupteur de puissance 18 au moyen du signal de commande CMD).  In order to limit the power consumption when the load is not powered, the electronic control circuit 16 can control the power off of the second power supply circuit 14 by means of an ALIM control signal (for example after controlling the power supply). opening of the power switch 18 by means of the control signal CMD).
Par ailleurs, le circuit électronique de commande 16 peut par exemple basculer dans un mode de fonctionnement basse consommation, au cours duquel il consomme une puissance électrique inférieure ou égale à 10 mW, lorsque l'interrupteur de puissance 18 est ouvert. Dans ce cas, le circuit électronique de commande 16 est réveillé (c'est-à-dire qu'il sort du mode de fonctionnement basse consommation pour entrer dans un mode de fonctionnement normal) à réception d'une commande de l'utilisateur (par exemple, comme déjà indiqué, par pression sur un bouton ou réception d'un signal radiofréquence). Furthermore, the electronic control circuit 16 can for example switch to a low power operating mode, during which it consumes an electric power of less than or equal to 10 mW, when the power switch 18 is open. In this case, the electronic control circuit 16 is awakened (that is to say it leaves the low power operation mode to enter a normal operating mode) upon receipt of a command from the user ( for example, as already indicated, by pressing a button or receiving a radiofrequency signal).
Les tensions Ui , U2 générées respectivement par le premier circuit d'alimentation 12 et le second circuit d'alimentation 14 sont chacune appliquées à une entrée d'un circuit de stockage d'énergie électrique 15, qui délivre en sortie une troisième tension d'alimentation Ureg appliquée au circuit électronique de commande 16 afin de subvenir à son alimentation électrique. The voltages U i, U 2 generated respectively by the first power supply circuit 12 and the second power supply circuit 14 are each applied to an input of an electrical energy storage circuit 15, which outputs a third voltage. supply U reg applied to the electronic control circuit 16 in order to provide for its power supply.
La figure 2 présente un exemple d'un tel circuit de stockage d'énergie électrique.  FIG. 2 shows an example of such an electrical energy storage circuit.
Le circuit de stockage 15 comprend un condensateur C0 dont une première borne est connectée à une tension de référence R (disponible au secondaire du premier circuit d'alimentation 12 comme expliqué plus loin en référence à la figure 4) et dont la seconde borne reçoit d'une part la première tension d'alimentation U1 avec interposition d'une diode D1 et d'autre part la seconde tension d'alimentation L^ avec interposition d'une diode D2. The storage circuit 15 comprises a capacitor C0 whose first terminal is connected to a reference voltage R (available at the secondary of the first supply circuit 12 as explained below with reference to FIG. 4) and whose second terminal receives firstly the first supply voltage U 1 with the interposition of a diode D1 and secondly the second supply voltage L 1 with the interposition of a diode D 2.
La troisième tension d'alimentation Ureg est disponible sur la seconde borne du condensateur C0. The third supply voltage U reg is available on the second terminal of the capacitor C0.
Le condensateur C0 stocke l'énergie électrique et lisse ainsi la tension présente sur sa seconde borne, ce qui permet d'éviter une rupture de tension aux moments de mise sous tension et hors tension du second circuit d'alimentation 14.  The capacitor C0 stores the electrical energy and thus smooths the voltage present at its second terminal, which makes it possible to avoid a voltage break at the on and off times of the second supply circuit 14.
La figure 3 présente un exemple d'utilisation du dispositif de commande dans une installation électrique d'une habitation.  Figure 3 shows an example of use of the control device in an electrical installation of a dwelling.
Dans cette installation électrique, une tension secteur S fournie par le réseau électrique domestique est présente entre une borne de phase L et une borne de neutre N. En pratique, la tension secteur S est en général une tension alternative de valeur comprise entre 85 VACrms et 270 VACrms avec une fréquence comprise entre 47 Hz et 63 Hz.  In this electrical installation, a mains voltage S supplied by the domestic electrical network is present between a phase terminal L and a neutral terminal N. In practice, the mains voltage S is in general an alternating voltage of between 85 VACrms and 270 VACrms with a frequency between 47 Hz and 63 Hz.
La charge à commander par le dispositif de commande 10 est par exemple une lampe 20, telle qu'une lampe à incandescence, une lampe à fluorescence ou une lampe à diodes électroluminescentes (lampe à LED).  The charge to be controlled by the control device 10 is for example a lamp 20, such as an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp or a light-emitting diode lamp (LED lamp).
En variante, la charge à commander pourrait être un autre type de charge, par exemple un chauffage ou un moteur. On remarque à cet égard que la charge peut être de type résistif (lampe à incandescence, chauffage), inductif (transformateur pour lampe halogène, moteur, ventilateur) ou électronique (lampe à fluorescence ou à LED). Alternatively, the load to be controlled could be another type of charge, for example a heater or a motor. Note in this regard that the load can be of resistive type (incandescent lamp, heating), inductive (transformer for halogen lamp, motor, fan) or electronic (fluorescent lamp or LED).
Dans cet exemple d'utilisation, la lampe 20 est branchée entre la borne de neutre N de l'installation électrique et la borne de connexion B du dispositif de commande 10 ; la borne de connexion A du dispositif de commande 10 est connectée à la borne de phase L de l'installation électrique.  In this example of use, the lamp 20 is connected between the neutral terminal N of the electrical installation and the connection terminal B of the control device 10; the connection terminal A of the control device 10 is connected to the phase terminal L of the electrical installation.
La figure 4 représente un exemple de réalisation du premier circuit d'alimentation 12, conformément aux enseignements de l'invention.  FIG. 4 represents an exemplary embodiment of the first power supply circuit 12, in accordance with the teachings of the invention.
Dans ce circuit, une première entrée E1 d'un pont redresseur (bloc B1 ) est connectée à la borne de connexion A avec interposition d'une résistance de limitation de courant R68 (bloc B0), ici de 47 Ω ; une seconde entrée E2 du pont redresseur est directement connectée à la borne de connexion B.  In this circuit, a first input E1 of a rectifier bridge (block B1) is connected to the connection terminal A with the interposition of a current limiting resistor R68 (block B0), here 47 Ω; a second input E2 of the rectifier bridge is directly connected to the connection terminal B.
Le pont redresseur (bloc B1 ) comprend une diode D7 dont l'anode est connectée à la première entrée E1 et dont la cathode est connectée à une première sortie S1 du pont redresseur. Le pont redresseur comprend également une diode D8 dont la cathode est connectée à la première entrée E1 et dont l'anode est connectée à une seconde sortie S2 du pont redresseur.  The rectifier bridge (block B1) comprises a diode D7 whose anode is connected to the first input E1 and whose cathode is connected to a first output S1 of the rectifier bridge. The rectifier bridge also comprises a diode D8 whose cathode is connected to the first input E1 and whose anode is connected to a second output S2 of the rectifier bridge.
De même, le pont redresseur comprend une diode D9 dont la cathode est connectée à la seconde entrée E2 et dont l'anode est connectée à la seconde sortie S2, ainsi qu'une diode D10 dont l'anode est connectée à la seconde entrée E2 et dont la cathode est connectée à la première sortie S1 .  Similarly, the rectifier bridge comprises a diode D9 whose cathode is connected to the second input E2 and whose anode is connected to the second output S2, and a diode D10 whose anode is connected to the second input E2 and whose cathode is connected to the first output S1.
Le pont redresseur (bloc B1 ) permet de convertir un signal sinusoïdal présent entre la première entrée E1 et la seconde entrée E2 (du fait de la connexion de ces entrées respectivement à la borne de connexion A et à la borne de connexion B) en un signal redressé double alternance entre la première sortie S1 et la seconde sortie S2. Cette seconde sortie S2 est utilisée comme point de tension de référence R ; par rapport à cette tension de référence R, la tension au niveau de la première sortie S1 est donc formée sur la base d'alternances positives.  The rectifier bridge (block B1) makes it possible to convert a sinusoidal signal present between the first input E1 and the second input E2 (due to the connection of these inputs respectively to the connection terminal A and to the connection terminal B) in one signal rectified double alternation between the first output S1 and the second output S2. This second output S2 is used as the reference voltage point R; relative to this reference voltage R, the voltage at the first output S1 is formed on the basis of positive half cycles.
Un condensateur C6 (qui forme le bloc B2), monté entre le point de tension de référence R et la première sortie S1 , permet en outre de lisser cette tension et d'obtenir une tension continue. On utilise un condensateur de faible capacité, typiquement inférieure à 1 F, ici 100 nF, du fait de la faible puissance demandée en sortie. On propose par ailleurs d'utiliser un condensateur céramique pour son faible courant de fuite (ici inférieur à 1 μΑ, ce qui occasionne une perte inférieure à 0,3 mW). A capacitor C6 (which forms the block B2), mounted between the reference voltage point R and the first output S1, also makes it possible to smooth this voltage and to obtain a DC voltage. We use a weak capacitor capacitance, typically less than 1 F, here 100 nF, because of the low demand power output. It is also proposed to use a ceramic capacitor for its low leakage current (here less than 1 μΑ, which causes a loss of less than 0.3 mW).
L'ensemble des blocs B0, B1 et B2 génère ainsi une tension continue entre la première sortie S1 et le point de référence R à partir de la tension alternative présente entre les bornes de connexion A, B (en particulier lorsque l'interrupteur de puissance 18 est ouvert).  The set of blocks B0, B1 and B2 thus generates a DC voltage between the first output S1 and the reference point R from the AC voltage present between the connection terminals A, B (in particular when the power switch 18 is open).
Cette tension est appliquée à un ensemble formé par le primaire d'un transformateur TX1 et un transistor M1 (ici de type MOS) montés en série : pour ce faire, un premier point T1 du primaire du transformateur TX1 est connecté à la première sortie S1 , tandis qu'un second point T2 du primaire du transformateur TX1 est relié au point de référence R par l'intermédiaire du transistor M1 .  This voltage is applied to an assembly formed by the primary of a transformer TX1 and a transistor M1 (here of the MOS type) connected in series: to do this, a first point T1 of the primary of the transformer TX1 is connected to the first output S1 while a second point T2 of the transformer primary TX1 is connected to the reference point R via the transistor M1.
Précisément, le drain du transistor M1 est connecté au second point T2 du primaire et la source du transistor M1 est connectée au point de référence R, ici avec interposition d'une résistance R45 utilisée dans le bloc B5 comme décrit dans la suite.  Specifically, the drain of the transistor M1 is connected to the second point T2 of the primary and the source of the transistor M1 is connected to the reference point R, here with the interposition of a resistor R45 used in the block B5 as described below.
Le transformateur TX1 et le transistor M1 forment le bloc B4.  Transformer TX1 and transistor M1 form block B4.
La fermeture du transistor M1 (ici avec un très faible rapport cyclique comme expliqué ci-après) permet donc le passage d'un courant (ici très bref) dans le primaire du transformateur TX1 , qui va provoquer l'établissement d'un courant dans le secondaire du transformateur TX1 , connecté à un circuit de régulation (bloc B7) comme expliqué plus loin.  Closing the transistor M1 (here with a very low duty cycle as explained below) allows the passage of a current (here very brief) in the primary of the transformer TX1, which will cause the establishment of a current in the secondary of the transformer TX1, connected to a control circuit (block B7) as explained below.
L'ouverture et la fermeture du transistor M1 sont commandées par un module de commande (bloc B3), réalisé sous forme d'un oscillateur astable, qui génère en sortie un signal (destiné à la grille du transistor M1 ) qui oscille (du fait de la construction du circuit) entre deux tensions : une tension commandant la fermeture du transistor M1 (tension supérieure à la tension d'enclenchement, ou tension plateau, fournie par le constructeur du transistor MOS) et une tension commandant l'ouverture du transistor M1 (tension inférieure à la tension de désamorçage fournie par le constructeur du transistor MOS).  The opening and the closing of the transistor M1 are controlled by a control module (block B3), realized in the form of an astable oscillator, which generates at the output a signal (intended for the gate of the transistor M1) which oscillates (due to of the construction of the circuit) between two voltages: a voltage controlling the closing of the transistor M1 (voltage greater than the switching voltage, or plateau voltage, supplied by the manufacturer of the MOS transistor) and a voltage controlling the opening of the transistor M1 (voltage lower than the defusing voltage provided by the manufacturer of the MOS transistor).
Le module de commande B3 est ici réalisé sur la base de composants passifs et ne contient aucun composant actif.  The control module B3 is here made on the basis of passive components and contains no active component.
Le module de commande B3 comprend une résistance R55 (ici de 10 ΜΩ) montée en série avec un condensateur C5 (ici de capacité 4,7 nF) entre la première sortie S1 du pont redresseur B1 et le point de référence R (qui correspond à la seconde sortie S2 du pont redresseur B1 comme déjà indiqué). Précisément, une première borne du condensateur C5 et une première borne de la résistance R55 sont connectées entre elles, tandis que la seconde borne du condensateur C5 est connectée au point de référence R et la seconde borne de la résistance R55 est connectée à la première sortie S1 . The control module B3 comprises a resistor R55 (here 10 ΜΩ) connected in series with a capacitor C5 (4.7 nF capacity here) between the first output S1 of the rectifier bridge B1 and the reference point R (which corresponds to the second output S2 of the rectifier bridge B1 as already indicated). Specifically, a first terminal of the capacitor C5 and a first terminal of the resistor R55 are connected together, while the second terminal of the capacitor C5 is connected to the reference point R and the second terminal of the resistor R55 is connected to the first output. S1.
Le module de commande B3 comprend par ailleurs deux diacs X1 , X2 montés en série entre la grille du transistor M1 et le point de connexion entre la résistance R55 et le condensateur C5 (point de connexion qui correspond à la première borne de la résistance R55 et à la première borne du condensateur C5).  The control module B3 furthermore comprises two diodes X1, X2 connected in series between the gate of the transistor M1 and the point of connection between the resistor R55 and the capacitor C5 (connection point which corresponds to the first terminal of the resistor R55 and at the first terminal of the capacitor C5).
La grille du transistor M1 est par ailleurs reliée au point de référence R par une résistance R65 (ici de 470 Ω).  The gate of the transistor M1 is also connected to the reference point R by a resistor R65 (here 470 Ω).
Lorsque les diacs X1 , X2 ne sont pas amorcés (c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont bloqués et forment donc un circuit ouvert), le condensateur C5 se charge à travers la résistance R55. Du fait de la valeur importante de la résistance R55 (de préférence 1 ΜΩ ou plus, ici 10 ΜΩ), le courant de charge est faible (30 μΑ pour une tension continue redressée de 300 V avec une résistance R55 de 10 ΜΩ, soit environ 10 mW de perte).  When the diacs X1, X2 are not primed (that is they are blocked and thus form an open circuit), the capacitor C5 charges through the resistor R55. Due to the large value of the resistor R55 (preferably 1 ΜΩ or more, here 10 ΜΩ), the charging current is low (30 μΑ for a rectified DC voltage of 300 V with a resistance R55 of 10 ΜΩ, or about 10 mW of loss).
Lorsque la tension aux bornes du condensateur C5 atteint la tension d'amorçage des diacs (ici 66 V, chaque diac ayant une tension d'amorçage de 33 V), ceux-ci deviennent conducteurs et la tension accumulée sur le condensateur C5 se décharge alors à travers la résistance R65, décharge qui est rapide du fait de la faible valeur de la résistance R65 (de préférence 1 Ι Ω ou moins, ici 470 Ω).  When the voltage at the terminals of the capacitor C5 reaches the starting voltage of the diacs (here 66 V, each diac having a starting voltage of 33 V), these become conductive and the voltage accumulated on the capacitor C5 is discharged then through the resistor R65, discharge which is fast because of the low value of the resistor R65 (preferably 1 Ι Ω or less, here 470 Ω).
Tant que les diacs X1 , X2 sont conducteurs, la tension aux bornes du condensateur C5 est appliquée sur la grille du transistor M1 , ce qui provoque sa fermeture. On remarque que le nombre de diacs et leur tension d'amorçage sont choisis de telle sorte que la tension de l'ensemble, une fois les diacs amorcés (et pendant le temps de la décharge), est suffisante pour déclencher et maintenir la fermeture du transistor M1 (quelle que soit la tension secteur S en entrée dans la plage indiquée ci-dessus).  As long as the diacs X1, X2 are conductive, the voltage across the capacitor C5 is applied to the gate of the transistor M1, which causes it to close. Note that the number of diacs and their starting voltage are chosen so that the voltage of the assembly, once the diacs are initiated (and during the time of the discharge), is sufficient to trigger and maintain the closure of the transistor M1 (regardless of the input mains voltage S in the range indicated above).
Lorsque la tension aux bornes de diacs X1 , X2 n'est plus suffisante (du fait de la décharge à travers la résistance R65 comme déjà expliqué) et que ceux- ci se désamorcent (ici pour une tension de 30 V, la tension de désamorçage de chaque diac étant de 15V), on se retrouve dans l'état décrit ci-dessus où les diacs X1 , X2 ne sont pas amorcés et où le condensateur C5 se charge à travers la résistance R55 : le transistor M1 est bloqué. When the voltage across diacs X1, X2 is no longer sufficient (because of the discharge through the resistor R65 as already explained) and they are defused (here for a voltage of 30 V, the defusing voltage of each diac being 15V), we find ourselves in the state described above where the diacs X1, X2 are not primed and where the capacitor C5 charges through the resistor R55: the transistor M1 is blocked.
Vu les valeurs des résistances R55, R65 utilisées, le rapport cyclique du signal appliqué à l'électrode de commande (ici la grille) du transistor M1 est inférieur à 0,001 . Ici, la période des signaux générés par l'oscillateur astable (qui dépend en particulier de la capacité du condensateur C5 et de la résistance R55) est généralement comprise entre 5 ms et 50 ms (par exemple 37 ms pour une tension continue aux bornes du condensateur C6 de 120 V et 9 ms pour une tension continue aux bornes du condensateur C6 de 380 V), tandis que la durée pendant laquelle les diacs sont passants est, dans chaque période, inférieure à 2 MS.  Given the values of the resistors R55, R65 used, the duty cycle of the signal applied to the control electrode (here the gate) of the transistor M1 is less than 0.001. Here, the period of the signals generated by the astable oscillator (which depends in particular on the capacitance of the capacitor C5 and the resistor R55) is generally between 5 ms and 50 ms (for example 37 ms for a DC voltage across the capacitor C6 of 120 V and 9 ms for a DC voltage across the capacitor C6 of 380 V), while the duration during which the diacs are on is in each period less than 2 MS.
Ainsi, l'application du signal généré par l'oscillateur astable B3 à l'électrode de commande du transistor M1 permet de fermer le transistor M1 (et donc de prélever du courant sur l'alimentation secteur, et à travers la charge dans le cas d'utilisation de la figure 3) pendant une très faible partie du temps total (moins de 1/1000eme du temps selon le rapport cyclique mentionné ci-dessus). Thus, the application of the signal generated by the astable oscillator B3 to the control electrode of the transistor M1 makes it possible to close the transistor M1 (and thus to draw current on the mains supply, and through the load in the case of use of Figure 3) for a very small part of the total time (less than 1/1000 th of time according to the duty ratio mentioned above).
Par ailleurs, du fait de sa construction, l'oscillateur astable B3 a lui-même une consommation très faible.  Moreover, because of its construction, the astable oscillator B3 itself has a very low consumption.
Le circuit d'alimentation de la figure 4 comprend également un circuit de limitation de courant (bloc B5) réalisé comme suit : comme déjà indiqué, la source du transistor M1 est reliée au point de référence R par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance R45, ici de valeur 2,15 Ω.  The supply circuit of FIG. 4 also comprises a current limiting circuit (block B5) produced as follows: as already indicated, the source of the transistor M1 is connected to the reference point R via a resistor R45 , here value of 2.15 Ω.
La source du transistor M1 est par ailleurs reliée à la base d'un transistor Q2 par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance R49 (ici de 1 kQ). La base du transistor Q2 est également connectée au point de référence R au moyen d'un condensateur C4 (ici de capacité 1 nF). L'émetteur du transistor Q2 est connecté (ici directement) au point de référence R et le collecteur du transistor Q2 est relié à la grille du transistor M1 au moyen d'une résistance R62 (ici de 100 kQ).  The source of the transistor M1 is also connected to the base of a transistor Q2 via a resistor R49 (here 1 kΩ). The base of the transistor Q2 is also connected to the reference point R by means of a capacitor C4 (here of capacitance 1 nF). The emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected (here directly) to the reference point R and the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the gate of the transistor M1 by means of a resistor R62 (here 100 kΩ).
Le circuit de limitation de courant B5 comprend également un transistor The current limiting circuit B5 also includes a transistor
Q1 dont la base est connectée au collecteur du transistor Q2, dont le collecteur est connecté à la base du transistor Q2 et donc l'émetteur est connecté à la grille du transistor M1 . Q1 whose base is connected to the collector of transistor Q2, whose collector is connected to the base of transistor Q2 and therefore the emitter is connected to the gate of transistor M1.
Ainsi, lorsque le courant dans le primaire du transformateur TX1 et dans le transistor M1 atteint un seuil déterminé (égal au rapport entre la tension seuil du transistor Q2 et la valeur de résistance R45, soit ici 325 mA), le transistor Q2 devient passant, ce qui provoque l'ouverture (c'est-à-dire le blocage) du transistor Q1 (sa base étant mise à la tension de référence) et donc l'ouverture du transistor M1 : le courant est ainsi interrompu dans le primaire du transformateur TX1 . Thus, when the current in the transformer primary TX1 and in the transistor M1 reaches a determined threshold (equal to the ratio between the threshold voltage of the transistor Q2 and the resistor value R45, ie here 325 mA), the transistor Q2 becomes on, which causes the opening (i.e. blocking) of the transistor Q1 (its base being set to the reference voltage) and thus the opening of the transistor M1: the current is thus interrupted in the primary of the transformer TX1.
Le circuit d'alimentation de la figure 4 comprend également un circuit de protection du transistor (bloc B6) qui comporte un condensateur C2 (de capacité 100 pF) et une résistance R48 (de 100 kQ) montés en parallèle entre la première sortie S1 du pont redresseur B1 et la cathode d'une diode D3, dont l'anode est connectée au drain du transistor M1 .  The supply circuit of FIG. 4 also comprises a transistor protection circuit (block B6) which comprises a capacitor C2 (with a capacity of 100 μF) and a resistor R48 (of 100 kΩ) connected in parallel between the first output S1 of the rectifier bridge B1 and the cathode of a diode D3, whose anode is connected to the drain of transistor M1.
La tension présente au niveau du drain du transistor M1 au moment de son ouverture est récupérée par ce circuit de protection B6, ce qui permet de prémunir le transistor M1 contre son claquage.  The voltage present at the drain of the transistor M1 at the moment of its opening is recovered by this protection circuit B6, which makes it possible to protect the transistor M1 against its breakdown.
Comme déjà indiqué, un circuit de régulation B7 récupère la tension générée au secondaire : le circuit de régulation B7 est connecté entre un premier point T3 du secondaire du transformateur TX1 et un second point T4 du secondaire du transformateur TX1 (ici relié au point de référence R).  As already indicated, a regulation circuit B7 recovers the voltage generated at the secondary: the regulation circuit B7 is connected between a first point T3 of the secondary of the transformer TX1 and a second point T4 of the secondary of the transformer TX1 (here connected to the reference point R).
Le circuit de régulation B7 comprend une diode D5 dont l'anode est connectée au premier point T3 du secondaire. La cathode de la diode D5 est reliée au second point T4 du secondaire à travers un condensateur C3 (ici de capacité 22 pF).  The regulation circuit B7 comprises a diode D5 whose anode is connected to the first point T3 of the secondary. The cathode of the diode D5 is connected to the second point T4 of the secondary through a capacitor C3 (here of capacitance 22 pF).
La tension d'alimentation Ui recherchée est ainsi générée (après redressement par la diode D5 et lissage par le condensateur C3) au niveau de la cathode de la diode D5.  The supply voltage Ui sought is thus generated (after recovery by the diode D5 and smoothing by the capacitor C3) at the cathode of the diode D5.
Le circuit d'alimentation comprend enfin un circuit de limitation de la tension au secondaire (bloc B8) basé sur un optocoupleur O1 .  The supply circuit finally comprises a circuit for limiting the secondary voltage (block B8) based on an optocoupler O1.
Une diode photoémettrice de l'optocoupleur O1 est montée entre le premier point T3 du secondaire et le point de référence R. Précisément, l'anode de la diode photoémettrice est reliée au premier T3 du secondaire au moyen d'une résistance R66 (ici de 1 kQ) et la cathode de la diode photoémettrice est connectée à la cathode d'une diode Zener D6, dont l'anode est connectée au point de référence.  A light emitting diode of the optocoupler O1 is mounted between the first point T3 of the secondary and the reference point R. Precisely, the anode of the light emitting diode is connected to the first T3 of the secondary by means of a resistor R66 (here of 1 kQ) and the cathode of the light emitting diode is connected to the cathode of a Zener diode D6, whose anode is connected to the reference point.
Un transistor photorécepteur de l'optocoupleur O1 est monté avec son émetteur relié à la base du transistor Q2 et son collecteur relié à la base du transistor M1 par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance R67 (ici de 1 kQ), sa base n'étant en revanche pas connectée. A photoreceptor transistor of the optocoupler O1 is mounted with its emitter connected to the base of the transistor Q2 and its collector connected to the base of the transistor M1 via a resistor R67 (here 1 kΩ), its base is however not connected.
Lorsque la tension U1 dépasse une valeur déterminée par la diode Zener D6 (ici 6 V), les éléments de l'optocoupleur 01 sont activés, ce qui provoque le blocage du transistor M1 et empêche par conséquent tout accroissement de la tension au-delà de cette valeur déterminée.  When the voltage U1 exceeds a value determined by the Zener diode D6 (here 6 V), the elements of the optocoupler 01 are activated, which causes the blocking of the transistor M1 and therefore prevents any increase in the voltage beyond this determined value.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Circuit d'alimentation d'un circuit électronique comprenant : 1. An electronic circuit power supply circuit comprising:
- un transformateur (TX1 ) comprenant un circuit primaire et un circuit secondaire, a transformer (TX1) comprising a primary circuit and a secondary circuit,
- un interrupteur commandé (M1 ) monté en série avec le circuit primaire, a controlled switch (M1) connected in series with the primary circuit,
- un circuit (B0, B1 , B2) conçu pour appliquer une tension continue à l'ensemble formé par le circuit primaire et l'interrupteur commandé, a circuit (B0, B1, B2) designed to apply a DC voltage to the assembly formed by the primary circuit and the controlled switch,
- un module de commande (B3) conçu pour commander l'ouverture ou la fermeture de l'interrupteur commandé (M1 ) ;  - a control module (B3) designed to control the opening or closing of the controlled switch (M1);
- un circuit de régulation (B7) branché sur le circuit secondaire et comprenant au moins une borne d'alimentation du circuit électronique ;  - a control circuit (B7) connected to the secondary circuit and comprising at least one power supply terminal of the electronic circuit;
caractérisé en ce que le module de commande (B3) comprend un oscillateur astable conçu pour délivrer des impulsions de commande périodiques à l'interrupteur commandé (M1 ), en ce que l'interrupteur commandé (M1 ) est conçu pour être fermé en présence d'une impulsion de commande et en ce que le rapport cyclique des impulsions de commande est inférieur ou égal à 0,001 .  characterized in that the control module (B3) comprises an astable oscillator adapted to supply periodic control pulses to the controlled switch (M1), in that the controlled switch (M1) is designed to be closed in the presence of a control pulse and that the duty cycle of the control pulses is less than or equal to 0.001.
2. Circuit d'alimentation selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel l'oscillateur astable comprend un condensateur (C5) et au moins un diac (X1 , X2) branché entre une première borne du condensateur (C5) et une électrode de commande de l'interrupteur commandé (M1 ).  2. Power supply circuit according to claim 1, in which the astable oscillator comprises a capacitor (C5) and at least one diac (X1, X2) connected between a first terminal of the capacitor (C5) and a control electrode of the capacitor (C5). controlled switch (M1).
3. Circuit d'alimentation selon la revendication 2, dans lequel une première borne d'un premier résistor (R55) est connectée à la première borne du condensateur (C5) et dans lequel ladite tension continue est appliquée entre la seconde borne du premier résistor (R55) et la seconde borne du condensateur (C5).  A power supply circuit according to claim 2, wherein a first terminal of a first resistor (R55) is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor (C5) and wherein said direct voltage is applied between the second terminal of the first resistor (R55) and the second terminal of the capacitor (C5).
4. Circuit d'alimentation selon la revendication 3, dans lequel un second résistor (R65) est connecté entre l'électrode de commande de l'interrupteur commandé (M1 ) et la seconde borne du condensateur (C5).  The power supply circuit of claim 3, wherein a second resistor (R65) is connected between the control electrode of the controlled switch (M1) and the second terminal of the capacitor (C5).
5. Circuit d'alimentation selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le second résistor (R65) a une résistance inférieure ou égale à 1 kQ.  The power supply circuit of claim 4, wherein the second resistor (R65) has a resistance of less than or equal to 1 kΩ.
6. Circuit d'alimentation selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, dans lequel le premier résistor (R55) a une résistance supérieure ou égale à 1 ΜΩ.  6. Power supply circuit according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the first resistor (R55) has a resistance greater than or equal to 1 ΜΩ.
7. Dispositif de commande (10) comprenant un circuit d'alimentation (12) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, un circuit électronique de commande (16) alimenté par le circuit d'alimentation (12) et un interrupteur de puissance (18) commandé par le circuit électronique de commande (16). 7. Control device (10) comprising a supply circuit (12) according to one of claims 1 to 6, an electronic control circuit (16) powered by the power circuit (12) and a power switch (18) controlled by the electronic control circuit (16).
8. Dispositif de commande selon la revendication 7, comprenant une première borne de connexion (A) et une seconde borne de connexion (B), dans lequel l'interrupteur de puissance (18) et le circuit d'alimentation (12) sont montés en parallèle entre la première borne de connexion (A) et la seconde borne de connexion (B).  8. Control device according to claim 7, comprising a first connection terminal (A) and a second connection terminal (B), in which the power switch (18) and the power supply circuit (12) are mounted. in parallel between the first connection terminal (A) and the second connection terminal (B).
9. Dispositif de commande selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le circuit conçu pour appliquer une tension continue comprend un pont redresseur (B1 ) et une capacité de lissage (B2), une première entrée (E1 ) et une seconde entrée (E2) du pont redresseur (B1 ) étant respectivement reliées à la première borne de connexion (A) et à la seconde borne de connexion (B), la capacité de lissage (B2) étant montée entre une première sortie (S1 ) et une seconde sortie (S2) du pont redresseur (B1 ), entre lesquelles est appliquée ladite tension continue.  The control device according to claim 8, wherein the circuit designed to apply a DC voltage comprises a rectifier bridge (B1) and a smoothing capacitance (B2), a first input (E1) and a second input (E2) of the rectifier bridge (B1) being respectively connected to the first connection terminal (A) and to the second connection terminal (B), the smoothing capacitance (B2) being connected between a first output (S1) and a second output (S2 ) of the rectifier bridge (B1), between which said DC voltage is applied.
PCT/FR2015/050563 2014-03-25 2015-03-06 Power supply circuit of an electronic circuit, and control device provided with such a power supply circuit WO2015145014A1 (en)

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FR1452496A FR3019397B1 (en) 2014-03-25 2014-03-25 CIRCUIT FOR SUPPLYING AN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT AND CONTROL DEVICE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A POWER CIRCUIT
FR1452496 2014-03-25

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EP3193438A1 (en) 2016-01-15 2017-07-19 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Electrical power supply device

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EP2552004A2 (en) 2011-07-29 2013-01-30 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Power supply system with low power standby supply for control unit
EP2634900A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-04 Legrand France Two-wire dimmer

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US3956713A (en) * 1973-12-24 1976-05-11 Sony Corporation Astable multivibrator having adjustable pulse width at constant frequency
US4862041A (en) * 1986-10-15 1989-08-29 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen M.B.H. Dimmable electronic transformer circuit
EP0682464A1 (en) * 1994-05-09 1995-11-15 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Circuit for operating electric lamps
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EP2634900A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-04 Legrand France Two-wire dimmer

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EP3193438A1 (en) 2016-01-15 2017-07-19 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Electrical power supply device
FR3046890A1 (en) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-21 Schneider Electric Ind Sas POWER SUPPLY DEVICE
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CN106981997B (en) * 2016-01-15 2020-04-24 施耐德电器工业公司 Power supply apparatus

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FR3019397A1 (en) 2015-10-02

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