WO2015140368A1 - Sensor device and method for detecting the passing of the axles of trains along the tracks - Google Patents

Sensor device and method for detecting the passing of the axles of trains along the tracks Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015140368A1
WO2015140368A1 PCT/ES2015/070091 ES2015070091W WO2015140368A1 WO 2015140368 A1 WO2015140368 A1 WO 2015140368A1 ES 2015070091 W ES2015070091 W ES 2015070091W WO 2015140368 A1 WO2015140368 A1 WO 2015140368A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
coil
transmitter
wheel
transmitter coil
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PCT/ES2015/070091
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Vicente Marquez Varela
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Logistica Y Telecomunicación, S.L. (Logytel)
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Publication of WO2015140368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015140368A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/16—Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/16—Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles
    • B61L1/163—Detection devices
    • B61L1/165—Electrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/18—Railway track circuits

Definitions

  • the systems responsible for detecting the passage of axes are known as "axis detectors-counters".
  • Axis detectors are used in different tasks related to the safety of railway systems, such as: to detect the presence of trains, measure the speed of movement, count the number of axes entering and leaving a detour or section of the railway layout, among others. Therefore, it is required that they be very reliable and robust systems, since they are vital systems, whose final objective is to provide information to the evaluator, to the operator or to the interlocking of the free or occupied state of the sections of railway tracks.
  • This invention has its application within the industry dedicated to the manufacture of measuring instruments, specifically in the supervision and safety systems of the rail transport system.
  • the sensor system located on the track, must use techniques that guarantee the reliable detection of the wheel and avoid the existence of electronics on the track, in order to reduce breakdowns (the MIL standard HDBK 217 determines the probability of a greater number of failures, when electronic equipment is exposed to adverse environmental conditions, thermal variations, humidity, vibrations, electromagnetic discharges, etc.).
  • axle detector-counters there are basically two alternatives: Those that use sensors that are installed on one side of the lane, and those that have a transmitter coil on one side of the rail and a receiver coil on the other side .
  • this sensor has designed a sensor system capable of performing wheel detection, characterized by:
  • the present specification refers to a sensor device and procedure for detecting the passage of train axes through railways.
  • the procedure and the sensor device have been developed to detect the passage of the axes of a train and count the number of these to verify, among others, the integrity of the railway convoys.
  • This procedure and sensor device are characterized by achieving high reliability and robustness of detection, given the redundancy of the electronic system used in the process of detection of the induced signal in the performance of the measurements without the need for physical contact with any element of the train, high immunity to electromagnetic interference, and absence of electronic track.
  • a sensor system is made up of two coils, one transmitter (1) and one receiver (2), the transmitter coil being on one side of the rail and the receiver coil on the other, arranged as shown in the Figure 1 (located on track).
  • the physical arrangement of both coils means that in the absence of a wheel the phase difference between the signals in the transmitter and the receiver coil is 0 e , and in the presence of a wheel (wheel aligned with the coils) this difference is 1 80 Q .
  • the essence of the invention proposed here is based on the detection, following a redundant procedure in the process of detecting the induced voltage in the receiving coil, of the phase difference between the signal emitted by the transmitting coil (1) and that received in the associated receiver coil (2).
  • the signal applied to the transmitter coil is a digitally encoded and modulated signal through the use of a Kasami sequence or code.
  • the correlation (10, 1 1) of the received signal is made, prior to demodulation (9), with the original Kasami sequence and the complemented Kasami sequence (that is, changing the high logic levels to low levels and vice versa of the sequence Kasami used in the modulation of the emitted signal) (3). That is, identifying by A (k) (3) the original Kasami sequence, by B (k) (3) its complemented, by S (k) the digitized output signal of the receiving coil (8), and
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the system to be patented, associated with the pair of transmitter (1) and receiver (2) coils.
  • the different blocks used for the generation of the signal to be applied to the transmitter coil (1) and to detect the presence / absence of a wheel are represented, based on the signal induced in the receiver coil (2).
  • Block generator of the sequence Kasami A (k) and its complement B (k) (3) BPSK modulator (4); Signal output amplifier (5) to transmitter coil; cables (6) connecting the processing electronics located outside the track (technical buildings) and the coils located on the track; Receiver coil signal conditioner (7); A / D converter (8); BPSK demodulator (9); Correlator A (10) and Correlator B (1 1); Peak A detector (12), and peak B detector (13); Decision logic (14), Synchronism clock (15).
  • the part of the sensor device located on the track consists of a pair of coils, a transmitter (1) and another receiver (2), located on each side of the rail.
  • the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil (1) crosses the receiving coil (2) with a certain angle to its normal, and the voltage induced in it is in phase with the signal sent by the transmitting coil .
  • FIG 1 a block scheme for signal processing associated with a pair of transmitter / transmitter coils is shown;
  • the electronic processing system is located off the track (technical buildings, for example).
  • the generator block of the Kasami sequence A (k) and its complement B (k) (3) is responsible for generating a Kasami sequence and its complement (B (k) is obtained from A (k) by changing the logic levels high by low logical levels and vice versa).
  • the BPSK modulator (4) is responsible for carrying out the BPSK modulation of the carrier, where each symbol is formed by a carrier cycle.
  • the output signal amplifier (5) is responsible for adapting the output signal of the modulator to the excitation needs of the transmitter coil (2), keeping in mind the length of the cables (6) that join the processing electronics located outside of the track and the coils located on the track.
  • the receiver coil signal conditioner (7) is responsible for conditioning the output signal levels of the receiver coil, transmitted by the cables (6) that connect it with the electronics (located off-track), to the input levels of the A / D converter (8).
  • the A / D converter (8) is responsible for performing the digitalization of the received signal, to be subsequently processed digitally, using an algorithm implemented in an FPGA device.
  • the BPSK demodulator block (9) performs synchronous demodulation of the output signal of the A / D converter, matching the instants of time at which each symbol begins.
  • the correlator A (10) and correlator B (1 1) circuits perform the synchronous correlation of the demodulator output with the original sequence A (k) and its complementary B (k), respectively.
  • the peak detectors A (12) and B (13), are responsible for performing the thresholding of the output signals of the correlators A and B, respectively, which allows identifying the detection instants.
  • the decision logic (14) generates, from the outputs of the two peak detection blocks (12 and 13), an output that takes two different values, depending on whether or not it has been detected.
  • the Clock block (15) is responsible for generating the synchronization signal necessary to carry out the different processes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor device and method for detecting and counting the number of axles in order to detect trains on railway tracks, using a sensor system formed by two coils, one a transmitter (1) and the other a receiver (2), and a method for detecting the presence/absence of wheels (wherein all the electronics are outside the track environment), based on a redundant system, that permits the phase difference between the voltage applied to the transmitting coil and the voltage induced in the receiving coil to be detected in a highly reliable and robust manner. The detection method is characterised by applying the transmitting coil with a signal that is digitally encoded and modulated using a Kasami sequence. When receiving, the synchronous correlation of the received signal with the original Kasami sequence and the complementary sequence thereof is carried out. This double correlation permits the availability of double information in order to make a decision regarding the presence/absence of wheels.

Description

DISPOSITIVO SENSOR Y PROCEDIMIENTO PARA DETECTAR EL PASO DE LOS EJES DE LOS TRENES POR LAS VIAS  SENSOR DEVICE AND PROCEDURE TO DETECT THE PASSING OF THE TRAIN AXES BY ROADS
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
OBJETO DE LA INVENCION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Detectar y contar el número de ejes de los trenes, en diferentes puntos de las vías férreas, es una tarea de vital importancia para el correcto funcionamiento de los sistemas ferroviarios. Los sistemas encargados de detectar el paso de ejes se conocen como "detectores-contadores de ejes".  Detecting and counting the number of train axes, at different points of the railways, is a vital task for the proper functioning of the railway systems. The systems responsible for detecting the passage of axes are known as "axis detectors-counters".
Los detectores de ejes se utilizan en diferentes tareas relacionadas con la seguridad de los sistemas ferroviarios, como pueden ser: para detectar la presencia de trenes, medir la velocidad de circulación, contar el número de ejes que entran y salen de un desvío o sección del trazado ferroviario, entre otras. Por ello se requiere que sean sistemas muy fiables y robustos, ya que se trata de sistemas vitales, cuyo objetivo final es proporcionar información al evaluador, al operador o al enclavamiento del estado libre u ocupado de las secciones de vías ferroviarias.  Axis detectors are used in different tasks related to the safety of railway systems, such as: to detect the presence of trains, measure the speed of movement, count the number of axes entering and leaving a detour or section of the railway layout, among others. Therefore, it is required that they be very reliable and robust systems, since they are vital systems, whose final objective is to provide information to the evaluator, to the operator or to the interlocking of the free or occupied state of the sections of railway tracks.
SECTOR DE LA INVENCION SECTOR OF THE INVENTION
Esta invención tiene su aplicación dentro de la industria dedicada a la fabricación de instrumentos de medidas, específicamente en los sistemas de supervisión y seguridad del sistema de transporte ferroviario.  This invention has its application within the industry dedicated to the manufacture of measuring instruments, specifically in the supervision and safety systems of the rail transport system.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
En los actuales sistemas de señalización ferroviaria, los aspectos relacionados con las mejoras de fiabilidad, disponibilidad, mantenibilidad y seguridad (FDMS) se consideran de vital importancia, y en especial si estos sistemas están ligados a la seguridad de la circulación, como es el caso de los detectores-contadores de ejes.  In current railway signaling systems, aspects related to improvements in reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (FDMS) are considered of vital importance, and especially if these systems are linked to traffic safety, as is the case of axle detectors-counters.
En el caso de los detectores-contadores de ejes, para conseguir estas mejoras, se deben buscar soluciones que garanticen, una alta fiabilidad en la detección de la rueda In the case of axle detector-counters, in order to achieve these improvements, solutions that guarantee high reliability in wheel detection must be sought.
(cada rueda está asociada a un eje), incluso en condiciones ambientales ruidosas (baja relación señal/ruido) y adversas climatológicamente. Para ello el sistema sensor, ubicado en la vía, debe utilizar técnicas que garanticen la detección fiable de la rueda y evitar la existencia de electrónica en vía, con el objeto de reducir las averías (la norma MIL HDBK 217 determina la probabilidad de un mayor número de averías, cuando un equipo electrónico está expuesto a condiciones medioambientales adversas, variaciones térmicas, humedad, vibraciones, descargas electromagnéticas, etc). (each wheel is associated with an axle), even in noisy environmental conditions (low signal / noise ratio) and climatologically adverse. For this, the sensor system, located on the track, must use techniques that guarantee the reliable detection of the wheel and avoid the existence of electronics on the track, in order to reduce breakdowns (the MIL standard HDBK 217 determines the probability of a greater number of failures, when electronic equipment is exposed to adverse environmental conditions, thermal variations, humidity, vibrations, electromagnetic discharges, etc.).
Dentro de los detectores-contadores de ejes actuales existen básicamente dos alternativas: Las que utilizan sensores que se encuentran instalados a un solo lado del carril, y las que disponen de una bobina transmisora a un lado del carril y de una bobina receptora al otro lado.  Within the current axle detector-counters there are basically two alternatives: Those that use sensors that are installed on one side of the lane, and those that have a transmitter coil on one side of the rail and a receiver coil on the other side .
Dentro de las primeras (las que utilizan sensores que se encuentran instalados a un solo lado del carril); se trata de sensores inductivos que detectan la variación del campo magnético producido por el paso de la pestaña de la rueda; variaciones de campo magnético que se manifiestan en cambios de amplitud de la señal de salida de un oscilador dispuesto para tal fin en el propio sensor.  Within the former (those that use sensors that are installed on only one side of the lane); these are inductive sensors that detect the variation of the magnetic field produced by the passage of the wheel flange; magnetic field variations that are manifested in changes in amplitude of the output signal of an oscillator arranged for that purpose in the sensor itself.
Mediante un proceso de umbralización de esta señal analógica de salida del oscilador se detecta la presencia/ausencia de rueda. Dentro de esta alternativa se encuentran los comercializados por las firmas SIEMENS y FRAUSCHER.  By means of a thresholding process of this analog oscillator output signal, the presence / absence of a wheel is detected. Within this alternative are those marketed by the SIEMENS and FRAUSCHER firms.
Las soluciones que disponen de una bobina transmisora a un lado del carril y de una bobina receptora al otro lado, basan su funcionamiento en que el paso de la rueda entre las bobinas modifica la tensión o fase de la tensión inducida en la bobina receptora.  The solutions that have a transmitter coil on one side of the rail and a receiver coil on the other side, base their operation in that the passage of the wheel between the coils modifies the voltage or phase of the voltage induced in the receiver coil.
Dentro de esta alternativa se encuentran diversos productos comerciales con referencias de patentes ES 2 240 037 T3, ES 2 131 227 T3, ES 8 305 935 A1 , EP1468891 A1 y CN101939201 B. En todos estos casos la presencia/ausencia de rueda se hace bien a partir de las variaciones de amplitud o fase de la señal detectada en la bobina receptora, siendo en todos ellos necesario ubicar electrónica en vía.  Within this alternative there are several commercial products with patent references ES 2 240 037 T3, ES 2 131 227 T3, ES 8 305 935 A1, EP1468891 A1 and CN101939201 B. In all these cases the presence / absence of a wheel is well done from the variations of amplitude or phase of the signal detected in the receiving coil, being in all of them necessary to locate electronics on track.
En esta misma línea se encuentra la tesis doctoral de Patricio Gabriel Donato Abella de la Universidad de Alcalá [Sistema detector de ejes de trenes sin electrónica en vía, In this same line is the doctoral thesis of Patricio Gabriel Donato Abella of the University of Alcalá [Train axis detection system without electronic track,
Tesis doctoral, Patricio Gabriel Donato Abella, Universidad de Alcalá, 2005] en la que detección de rueda se hace a partir de un array de sensores y un puente de Maxwell. La tensión de desequilibrio del puente de Maxwell es la que se utiliza para realizar la detección de presencia/ausencia de rueda (no la tensión inducida directamente en la bobina receptora). Doctoral thesis, Patricio Gabriel Donato Abella, University of Alcalá, 2005] in which wheel detection is made from an array of sensors and a Maxwell bridge. The imbalance voltage of the Maxwell bridge is the one used to detect the presence / absence of a wheel (not the voltage induced directly on the receiving coil).
Todas estas soluciones presentan problemas por ser muy susceptibles a las interferencias electromagnéticas, por la forma en la que se realiza la detección de rueda y porque los sistemas comerciales utilizan electrónica en vía, lo que los hace muy vulnerables a las condiciones climatológicas. Todo ello hace las soluciones actuales no respondan a las exigencias de fiabilidad que demandan estos sistemas. All these solutions present problems because they are very susceptible to electromagnetic interference, because of the way in which the wheel detection is carried out and because commercial systems use electronic devices on the road, which makes them very vulnerable to weather conditions. All this makes the current solutions do not respond to the reliability requirements demanded by these systems.
Con el objetivo de dar solución a esta problemática, en esta patente se ha diseñado un sistema sensor capaz de realizar la detección de rueda, caracterizado por:  With the aim of solving this problem, this sensor has designed a sensor system capable of performing wheel detection, characterized by:
1 . Utilizar redundancia en el proceso de detección de la diferencia de fase entra la tensión o señal inducida en la bobina receptora y la emitida por la bobina transmisora. one . Using redundancy in the process of detecting the phase difference enters the voltage or signal induced in the receiving coil and that emitted by the transmitting coil.
2. Ausencia de electrónica en vía, esto es, en el entorno de la vía únicamente se ubican las bobinas transmisora y receptora, estando toda la electrónica de procesamiento ubicada en los edificios técnicos.  2. Absence of electronics on the track, that is, in the environment of the track only the transmitter and receiver coils are located, all the processing electronics being located in the technical buildings.
Estos dos aspectos hacen que la solución propuesta presenta ventajas notables sobre todas las soluciones actuales. En esta patente la presencia/ausencia de rueda se hace a partir de la detección, mediante un sistema redundante, en el proceso de detección de la diferencia de fase entre la tensión aplicada a la bobina transmisora y la inducida en la bobina receptora. Siendo esta diferencia de fase de 0e en ausencia de rueda y de 180e cuando el eje de la rueda se encuentra alineado con las bobinas. DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION. These two aspects make the proposed solution have notable advantages over all current solutions. In this patent the presence / absence of a wheel is made from the detection, by means of a redundant system, in the process of detecting the phase difference between the voltage applied to the transmitting coil and that induced in the receiving coil. This phase difference is 0 e in the absence of a wheel and 180 e when the wheel axle is aligned with the coils. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente memoria descriptiva se refiere a un Dispositivo sensor y procedimiento para detectar el paso de los ejes de los trenes por las vías férreas.  The present specification refers to a sensor device and procedure for detecting the passage of train axes through railways.
El procedimiento y el dispositivo sensor se han desarrollado para detectar el paso de los ejes de un tren y contar el número de estos para verificar, entre otros, la integridad de los convoyes ferroviarios.  The procedure and the sensor device have been developed to detect the passage of the axes of a train and count the number of these to verify, among others, the integrity of the railway convoys.
Este procedimiento y dispositivo sensor se caracterizan por conseguir una alta fiabilidad y robustez de detección, dada la redundancia del sistema electrónico utilizado en el proceso de detección de la señal inducida en la, la realización de las medidas sin necesidad de contacto físico con ningún elemento del tren, alta inmunidad a las interferencias electromagnéticas, y ausencia de electrónica en vía.  This procedure and sensor device are characterized by achieving high reliability and robustness of detection, given the redundancy of the electronic system used in the process of detection of the induced signal in the performance of the measurements without the need for physical contact with any element of the train, high immunity to electromagnetic interference, and absence of electronic track.
Para ello se hace uso de un sistema sensor formado por dos bobinas, una transmisora (1 ) y otra receptora (2), estando la bobina transmisora a un lado del carril y la bobina receptora en el otro, dispuestas tal como se muestra en la figura 1 (ubicadas en vía). La disposición física de ambas bobinas hace que en ausencia de rueda la diferencia de fase entre las señales en la bobina transmisora y la receptora sea de 0e, y en presencia de rueda (rueda alineada con las bobinas) esta diferencia es de 1 80Q. For this purpose, a sensor system is made up of two coils, one transmitter (1) and one receiver (2), the transmitter coil being on one side of the rail and the receiver coil on the other, arranged as shown in the Figure 1 (located on track). The physical arrangement of both coils means that in the absence of a wheel the phase difference between the signals in the transmitter and the receiver coil is 0 e , and in the presence of a wheel (wheel aligned with the coils) this difference is 1 80 Q .
La esencia de la invención que aquí se propone está basada en la detección, siguiendo un procedimiento redundante en el proceso de detección de la tensión inducida en la bobina receptora, de la diferencia de fase entre la señal emitida por la bobina transmisora (1 ) y la recibida en la bobina receptora asociada (2).  The essence of the invention proposed here is based on the detection, following a redundant procedure in the process of detecting the induced voltage in the receiving coil, of the phase difference between the signal emitted by the transmitting coil (1) and that received in the associated receiver coil (2).
Para llevar a cabo la detección de la diferencia de fase entre la señal aplicada a la bobina transmisora y la inducida en la bobina receptora, se utiliza el procedimiento reflejado en la figura 1 , donde toda la electrónica de procesamiento se ubica fuera de la vía (edificios técnicos).  To carry out the detection of the phase difference between the signal applied to the transmitter coil and that induced in the receiver coil, the procedure reflected in Figure 1 is used, where all the processing electronics are located outside the track ( technical buildings).
La señal aplicada a la bobina transmisora es una señal codificada y modulada digitalmente mediante el uso de una secuencia o código Kasami.  The signal applied to the transmitter coil is a digitally encoded and modulated signal through the use of a Kasami sequence or code.
En recepción se realiza la correlación (10, 1 1 ) de la señal recibida, previa demodulación (9), con la secuencia Kasami original y la secuencia Kasami complementada (esto es, cambiando los niveles lógicos altos por niveles bajos y viceversa de la secuencia Kasami utilizada en la modulación de la señal emitida) (3). Esto es, identificando por A(k) (3) a la secuencia Kasami original, por B(k) (3) su complementada, por S(k) la señal de salida digitalizada de la bobina receptora (8), y  In reception, the correlation (10, 1 1) of the received signal is made, prior to demodulation (9), with the original Kasami sequence and the complemented Kasami sequence (that is, changing the high logic levels to low levels and vice versa of the sequence Kasami used in the modulation of the emitted signal) (3). That is, identifying by A (k) (3) the original Kasami sequence, by B (k) (3) its complemented, by S (k) the digitized output signal of the receiving coil (8), and
por Z(k) la señal S(k) demodulada (9), en recepción se realiza la correlación (10, 1 1 ) de la señal Z(k) con la secuencia Kasami original y su complementada, obteniéndose R1 (k)=A(k)*Z(k) (1 0) y R2(k)=B(k)*Z(k) (1 1 ). by Z (k) the demodulated signal S (k) (9), the correlation (10, 1 1) of the signal Z (k) with the original Kasami sequence and its complement is made in reception, obtaining R 1 (k) = A (k) * Z (k) (1 0) and R 2 (k) = B (k) * Z (k) (1 1).
En ausencia de rueda, la diferencia de fase entre la señal emitida y la recibida es 0e, por tanto Ri (k) genera un pico de amplitud elevada, mientras que R2(k) presentará un pico de amplitud reducida (teóricamente nulo). In the absence of a wheel, the phase difference between the emitted and the received signal is 0 and , therefore, Ri (k) generates a peak of high amplitude, while R2 (k) will present a peak of reduced amplitude (theoretically null).
En presencia de rueda, sucede justo lo contrario cuando el eje de la rueda está alineado con las bobinas, ya que en ese caso la diferencia de fase entre la señal emitida y la recibida es de 180e. In the presence of a wheel, just the opposite happens when the wheel's axis is aligned with the coils, since in that case the phase difference between the emitted and the received signal is 180 e .
A partir de la detección de los picos de Rl (k) y R2(k) se obtiene la diferencia de fase entre la señal emitida y la recibida, y por tanto se determina la presencia/ausencia de rueda.  From the detection of the peaks of Rl (k) and R2 (k) the phase difference between the emitted and the received signal is obtained, and therefore the presence / absence of the wheel is determined.
En consecuencia, la solución que se pretende proteger, dispone de doble Información para tomar la decisión sobre la presencia/ausencia de rueda. Así, Identificando por P1 y P2 las salidas de los dos detectores de pico (12) (13), si P1 (k)=H (nivel alto) y P2(k)= L (nivel bajo) será indicativo de presencia de rueda, y si P1 (k)=L y P2(k)= H será indicativo de ausencia de rueda. Cualquier otra situación será considerada como error. Consequently, the solution to be protected has double information to make the decision on the presence / absence of a wheel. Thus, identifying by P1 and P2 the outputs of the two peak detectors (12) (13), if P1 (k) = H (high level) and P2 (k) = L (low level) will be indicative of wheel presence, and if P1 (k) = L and P2 (k) = H will be indicative of wheel absence. Any other situation will be considered as an error.
DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Para completar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma, una hoja de planos en la cual, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: En la figura 1 se muestra un esquema en bloques del sistema que se pretende patentar, asociado al par de bobinas transmisora (1 ) y receptora (2). En dicha figura se representan los diferentes bloques utilizados para la generación de la señal a aplicar a la bobina transmisora (1 ) y para realizar la detección de presencia/ausencia de rueda, a partir de la señal inducida en la bobina receptora (2). Se incluyen los siguientes bloques: bloque generador de la secuencia Kasami A(k) y su complementada B(k) (3); modulador BPSK (4); Amplificador de salida de señal (5) a bobina transmisora; cables (6) que unen la electrónica de procesamiento ubicada fuera de la vía (edificios técnicos) y las bobinas ubicadas en vía; Acondicionador de señal de bobina receptora (7); Conversor A/D (8); Demodulador BPSK (9); Correlador A (10) y Correlador B (1 1 ); Detector de pico A (12), y detector de pico B (13); Lógica de decisión (14), Reloj de sincronismo (15).  In order to complete the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a descriptive sheet is attached as an integral part thereof, with an illustrative character and non-limiting, the following has been represented: Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the system to be patented, associated with the pair of transmitter (1) and receiver (2) coils. In said figure the different blocks used for the generation of the signal to be applied to the transmitter coil (1) and to detect the presence / absence of a wheel are represented, based on the signal induced in the receiver coil (2). The following blocks are included: block generator of the sequence Kasami A (k) and its complement B (k) (3); BPSK modulator (4); Signal output amplifier (5) to transmitter coil; cables (6) connecting the processing electronics located outside the track (technical buildings) and the coils located on the track; Receiver coil signal conditioner (7); A / D converter (8); BPSK demodulator (9); Correlator A (10) and Correlator B (1 1); Peak A detector (12), and peak B detector (13); Decision logic (14), Synchronism clock (15).
REALIZACIONES PREFERENTES DE LA INVENCION. PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION.
La parte del dispositivo sensor ubicado en vía, está constituido por un par de bobinas, una transmisora (1 ) y otra receptora (2), ubicadas a cada lado del rail. The part of the sensor device located on the track, consists of a pair of coils, a transmitter (1) and another receiver (2), located on each side of the rail.
En ausencia de rueda, el campo magnético generado por la bobina transmisora (1 ) atraviesa a la bobina receptora ( 2 ) con un determinado ángulo respecto a su normal, y la tensión inducida en ella está en fase con la señal enviada por la bobina transmisora.  In the absence of a wheel, the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil (1) crosses the receiving coil (2) with a certain angle to its normal, and the voltage induced in it is in phase with the signal sent by the transmitting coil .
En presencia de rueda, el campo magnético generado por la bobina transmisora atraviesa a la bobina receptora con un ángulo distinto al de ausencia de rueda, respecto a su normal, y la tensión inducida llega a estar desfasada 180 e con la señal enviada por la bobina transmisora. In the presence of wheel, the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil through the spool at an angle different from absence wheel from its normal, and the induced voltage becomes phase - shifted 180 and with the signal sent by the coil transmitter
En función del tramo de vía (sección de vía) y de la información adicional que se desee obtener del contador de ejes (dirección de movimiento del tren, velocidad, etc.) se pueden ubicar más de un par de bobinas transmisoras/receptoras en una misma sección de vía. Depending on the track section (track section) and the additional information that you want to obtain from the axle counter (direction of train movement, speed, etc.), they can place more than one pair of transmitter / receiver coils in the same track section.
En lo referente a la parte de procesamiento del sistema sensor, (en la figuras 1 se muestra un esquema de bloques para el procesamiento de señales asociado a un par de bobinas transmisora/emisora); el sistema electrónico de procesamiento se encuentra ubicado fuera de la vía (edificios técnicos, por ejemplo).  With regard to the processing part of the sensor system, (in figure 1 a block scheme for signal processing associated with a pair of transmitter / transmitter coils is shown); The electronic processing system is located off the track (technical buildings, for example).
El bloque generador de la secuencia Kasami A(k) y su complementada B(k) (3), se encarga de generar una secuencia Kasami y su complementada (B(k) se obtiene a partir de A(k) cambiando los niveles lógicos altos por niveles lógicos bajos y viceversa).  The generator block of the Kasami sequence A (k) and its complement B (k) (3), is responsible for generating a Kasami sequence and its complement (B (k) is obtained from A (k) by changing the logic levels high by low logical levels and vice versa).
El modulador BPSK (4), se encarga de realizar la modulación BPSK de la portadora, donde cada símbolo está formado por un ciclo de la portadora.  The BPSK modulator (4) is responsible for carrying out the BPSK modulation of the carrier, where each symbol is formed by a carrier cycle.
El amplificador de señal de salida (5) se encarga de adaptar la señal de salida del modulador a las necesidades de excitación de la bobina transmisora (2), teniendo presente la longitud de los cables (6) que unen la electrónica de procesamiento ubicada fuera de la vía y las bobinas ubicadas en vía.  The output signal amplifier (5) is responsible for adapting the output signal of the modulator to the excitation needs of the transmitter coil (2), keeping in mind the length of the cables (6) that join the processing electronics located outside of the track and the coils located on the track.
El acondicionador de señal de bobina receptora (7), es el encargado de acondicionar los niveles de señal de salida de la bobina receptora, transmitidos por los cables (6) que unen a ésta con la electrónica (ubicada fuera de vía), a los niveles de entrada del conversor A/D (8).  The receiver coil signal conditioner (7), is responsible for conditioning the output signal levels of the receiver coil, transmitted by the cables (6) that connect it with the electronics (located off-track), to the input levels of the A / D converter (8).
El conversor A/D (8), es el encargado de realizar la digitalización de la señal recibida, para posteriormente ser procesada en forma digital, mediante un algoritmo implementado en un dispositivo FPGA. El bloque demodulador BPSK (9), realiza la demodulación síncrona de la señal de salida del conversor A/D, haciendo coincidir los instantes de tiempo en que comienza cada símbolo.  The A / D converter (8), is responsible for performing the digitalization of the received signal, to be subsequently processed digitally, using an algorithm implemented in an FPGA device. The BPSK demodulator block (9), performs synchronous demodulation of the output signal of the A / D converter, matching the instants of time at which each symbol begins.
Los circuitos correlador A (10) y correlador B (1 1 ), realizan la correlación síncrona de la salida del demodulador con la secuencia original A(k) y su complementaria B(k), respectivamente. Los detectores de pico A (12) y B (13), son los encargados de realizar la umbralización de las señales de salida de los correladores A y B, respectivamente, lo que permite identificar los instantes de detección.  The correlator A (10) and correlator B (1 1) circuits, perform the synchronous correlation of the demodulator output with the original sequence A (k) and its complementary B (k), respectively. The peak detectors A (12) and B (13), are responsible for performing the thresholding of the output signals of the correlators A and B, respectively, which allows identifying the detection instants.
La lógica de decisión (14), genera, a partir de las salidas de los dos bloques de detección de pico (12 y 13), una salida que toma dos valores diferentes, en función de si se ha detectado o no rueda. Finalmente, el bloque de Reloj (15), es el encargado de generar la señal de sincronismo necesaria para llevar a cabo los diferentes procesos. The decision logic (14) generates, from the outputs of the two peak detection blocks (12 and 13), an output that takes two different values, depending on whether or not it has been detected. Finally, the Clock block (15) is responsible for generating the synchronization signal necessary to carry out the different processes.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invención, así como la manera de llevarse a la práctica, debe hacerse constar que las disposiciones anteriormente indicadas y representadas en los dibujos adjuntos son susceptibles de modificaciones de detalle en cuanto no alteren sus principios fundamentales, establecidos en los párrafos anteriores y resumidos en las siguientes reivindicaciones.  Describing sufficiently the nature of the invention, as well as the way of carrying it out, it should be noted that the provisions indicated above and represented in the attached drawings are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter its fundamental principles, established in the paragraphs above and summarized in the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1a.- DISPOSITIVO SENSOR PARA DETECTAR EL PASO DE LOS EJESDE LOS TRENES POR LAS VIAS caracterizado porque el dispositivo se encuentra constituido por: 1 .- SENSOR DEVICE TO DETECT THE PASSAGE OF TRAINS BY EJESDE VIAS characterized in that the device is constituted by:
• dos bobinas:  • two coils:
- bobina transmisora (1 )  - transmitter coil (1)
- bobina receptora (2)  - receiver coil (2)
ubicadas a uno y otro lado del rail y unidas por un cable (6)  located on either side of the rail and connected by a cable (6)
· una electrónica de procesamiento constituida por:  · A processing electronics consisting of:
- Generador de secuencia Kasami A(k) y su complementada B(k) (3)  - Kasami sequence generator A (k) and its complement B (k) (3)
- Modulador BPSK (4), es el encargado de realizar la modulación BPSK de la portadora. - BPSK Modulator (4), is responsible for carrying out the BPSK modulation of the carrier.
- Amplificador de señal de salida (5) adapta la señal de salida del modulador a las necesidades de excitación de la bobina transmisora (2),teniendo presente la longitud de los cables (6) que unen la electrónica de procesamiento ubicada fuera de la vía y las bobinas ubicadas en vía - Output signal amplifier (5) adapts the output signal of the modulator to the excitation needs of the transmitter coil (2), keeping in mind the length of the cables (6) that join the processing electronics located outside the track and the coils located on track
- Acondicionador de señal de bobina receptora (7), acondiciona los niveles de señal de salida de la bobina receptora, transmitidos por los cables (6) que unen a ésta con la electrónica ubicada fuera de vía, a los niveles de entrada del conversor A/D - Receiver coil signal conditioner (7), conditions the output signal levels of the receiver coil, transmitted by the cables (6) that connect it with the electronics located off-track, to the input levels of converter A / D
- Conversor A/D (8), realiza la digitalización de la señal recibida, para posteriormente ser procesada en forma digital, mediante un algoritmo implementado en un dispositivo FPGA. - A / D converter (8), performs the digitalization of the received signal, to later be processed in digital form, by means of an algorithm implemented in an FPGA device.
- Demodulador BPSK (9), realiza la demodulación síncrona de la señal de salida del conversor A/D. Correlador A (10) y el correlador B (1 1 ), realizan la correlación síncrona de la salida del demodulador con la secuencia original- BPSK demodulator (9), performs synchronous demodulation of the output signal of the A / D converter. Correlator A (10) and correlator B (1 1), perform the synchronous correlation of the demodulator output with the original sequence
A(k) y su complementada B(k), respectivamente. A (k) and its complemented B (k), respectively.
Detectores de pico A (12) y B (13), realizan la umbralización de las señales de salida de los correladores A y B.  Peak detectors A (12) and B (13), perform the thresholding of the output signals of correlators A and B.
Lógica de decisión (14), g enera, a partir de las salidas de los dos bloques de detección de pico (12 y 13), una salida que toma dos valores diferentes, en función de si se ha detectado o no rueda.  Decision logic (14), g enera, from the outputs of the two peak detection blocks (12 and 13), an output that takes two different values, depending on whether or not it has been detected.
Reloj (15), generador de la señal de sincronismo necesaria para llevar a cabo los diferentes procesos.  Clock (15), generator of the synchronization signal necessary to carry out the different processes.
2a.- PROCEDIMIENTO PARA DETECTAR EL PASO DE LOS EJESDE LOS TRENES POR LAS VIAS caracterizado porque el procedimiento se realiza a partir de la detección de la diferencia de fase entra la tensión inducida en una bobina receptora (2) y la emitida por otra bobina transmisora (1 ) ubicadas a uno y otro lado del rail y utilizando un procesamiento electrónico redundante para la detección de la diferencia de fase entra las tensiones de ambas bobinas y porque la señal aplicada a la bobina transmisora es una señal codificada y modulada digitalmente mediante el uso de secuencias Kasami de forma que una de la señal inducida en la bobina receptora (2), con la secuencia Kasami utilizada en la modulación de la señal es enviada a la bobina transmisora (1 ) y otra, de la señal inducida en la bobina receptora (2) con la secuencia Kasami complementada, esto es, cambiando los niveles lógicos altos por niveles bajos y viceversa de la secuencia Kasami. 2 a .- PROCEDURE TO DETECT THE PASSAGE OF THE TRAIN AXES BY THE ROADS characterized in that the procedure is performed from the detection of the phase difference between the voltage induced in a receiving coil (2) and that emitted by another coil transmitter (1) located on either side of the rail and using redundant electronic processing for the detection of the phase difference between the voltages of both coils and because the signal applied to the transmitter coil is a signal encoded and digitally modulated by means of the use of Kasami sequences so that one of the signal induced in the receiving coil (2), with the Kasami sequence used in the modulation of the signal is sent to the transmitter coil (1) and another, of the signal induced in the coil receiver (2) with the Kasami sequence complemented, that is, changing the high logic levels to low levels and vice versa of the Kasami sequence.
En ausencia de rueda, el campo magnético generado por la bobina transmisora (1 ) atraviesa la bobina receptora (2) en un determinado ángulo respecto a su normal, estando la tensión inducida en ella en fase con la señal enviada por la bobina transmisora (1 )  In the absence of a wheel, the magnetic field generated by the transmitter coil (1) crosses the receiver coil (2) at a certain angle to its normal, the voltage induced in it being in phase with the signal sent by the transmitter coil (1) )
En presencia de rueda, el campo magnético generado por la bobina transmisora (l )atraviesa a la bobina receptora (2) con un ángulo distinto al de ausencia de rueda, y la tensión inducida llega a estar desfasada 180e con la señal enviada por la bobina transmisora (1 ). In the presence of wheel, the magnetic field generated by the transmitter coil (L) through the spool (2) with a different absence wheel angle, and the induced voltage becomes phase - shifted 180 and with the signal sent by the transmitter coil (1).
PCT/ES2015/070091 2014-03-18 2015-02-12 Sensor device and method for detecting the passing of the axles of trains along the tracks WO2015140368A1 (en)

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