WO2015140202A1

WO2015140202A1 - Device and method for biodegradation of a substrate

Info

Publication number: WO2015140202A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/055653
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mathias Schlegel; Norbert Kanswohl; Maik Orth
Original assignee: Universität Rostock
Priority date: 2014-03-18
Filing date: 2015-03-18
Publication date: 2015-09-24
Also published as: DE102014103660A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a degradation device for biodegradation of a substrate, with a reactor device which is designed for carrying out a treatment of the substrate with a hydrolysis phase and/or an acidogenesis phase in order to biodegrade the substrate; and with a solids separator which is able to separate solid material from treated substrate and/or from a substrate residue. The degradation device is designed to deliver separated solid material to the degradation device, in particular to the reactor device, for renewed degradation as substrate. Moreover, the one degradation device comprises a water separator, which is designed to separate water from substrate degraded in a reactor device and/or from a residual material separated therefrom and is further designed to separate water present in the residual material from acids and/or acid residues present in the residual material. The invention further relates to corresponding methods.

Description

Apparatus and method for biodegrading a substrate

The present invention relates to devices and methods for biodegrading a substrate.

The degradation of biological materials, for example to produce energy sources such as biogas, is becoming increasingly important. However, facilities for the degradation of biological materials can be improved in terms of cost and efficiency, in particular as regards the transport of biodegradable material to a facility and the removal of mined material.

An object of the present invention is to provide more efficient and

to show cost-saving approaches for the degradation of biological material. This object is achieved with the devices and methods of the independent claims.

Advantageous embodiments and developments emerge from the

subordinate claims.

In the context of this description, biodegradation can be a degradation of a substrate with microbiological processes, in particular by means of

Describe microorganisms and / or bacteria and / or enzymes. The biodegradation may be at least partially and / or in specific

Degradation Anaerobic process and / or fermentation denote and / or include and / or a process without supply of oxygen or oxidant. In other words, biodegradation may be aerobic, anaerobic or mixed aerobic / anaerobic. It is conceivable that the mining one or more

Includes degradation phases that perform different conversions. Degradation can be part of biogas production and / or methane production. For degradation, the substrate with water and / or the degradation-promoting additives such Acid and / or feed material such as sugars and / or enzymes and / or microorganism cultures and / or trace elements enriched or enriched. In general, biodegradation in the context of this description can include a hydrolysis phase in which degradable material of the substrate is hydrolyzed and / or polymer structures are preferably decomposed into oligomer structures and / or monomer structures. Furthermore, an acidogenesis phase may be provided in which, in particular, the oligomeric and

Monomer structures acid and / or acid residues are formed, such as propionic acid and / or lactic acid and / or succinic acid and / or acetic acid and / or corresponding radicals; it is also possible to produce gaseous constituents, for example hydrogen and carbon dioxide. It can generally be an acetogenesis phase

be provided, in which the acid portion can be converted substantially into acetic acid. In a methanogenesis phase, methane can be produced essentially from acetic acid and / or hydrogen, which can be provided as biogas. The different phases may involve different microorganisms and enzymes which are different

Ambient conditions can react, in particular with regard to temperature and / or pH and / or substrate composition. During degradation, an equilibrium of one or more phases may be adjusted and / or adjusted, for example as a function of and / or by controlling temperature and / or pH and / or feeding substrate and / or providing additives. A substrate may generally be a biodegradable substrate, particularly a substrate degradable by a degradation described herein, and / or

include appropriate material, in particular about biological waste and / or manure and / or plant material, in particular energy crop material, such as corn and / or beet material. A substrate may refer to a mixture of different materials. In particular, a substrate may include solid and / or solid material, which may include, for example, biodegradable material. One

Substrate may contain a proportion of poorly or non-degradable material, in particular lignin. In detail, the poor or non-degradable material can or more materials of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, especially lignin. A mining device may generally be configured to biodegrade substrate and include one or more devices, such as a reactor device. A reactor device may be part of a mining device. It is conceivable that a reactor device has at least one bioreactor, which generally has at least one reactor vessel for receiving a substrate and / or a substrate / water mixture and / or at least one feed and / or discharge and / or a stirring device and / or mixing device for Stirring and / or mixing of the substrate may have. It is conceivable that the reactor device is designed to carry out a hydrolysis phase and / or an acidogenesis phase. Generally, one or more

Primary reactors may be provided, which may each be provided to carry out a hydrolysis phase and / or an acidogenesis phase; It can be provided that a primary reactor is designed and / or operated or operable such that an acetogenesis phase and a methanogenesis phase in

Essentially not performed and / or substantially suppressed. In general, the degradation products of the hydrolysis phase and / or

Acidogenesis phase substantially oligomers and / or monomers and / or in particular acid structures such as acids and / or acid residues include, for example acetic acid structures and / or long-chain acid structures, in particular of succinic acid and / or propionic acid and / or lactic acid and / or acetic acid. In addition, at least one further bioreactor for performing a

Acetogenesis phase and / or a methanogenesis phase may be provided, which may be referred to as a secondary reactor. A secondary reactor may be supplied or supplied with material produced by passing through a hydrolysis phase and / or acidogenesis phase in a primary reactor. One

Secondary reactor has as desired degradation products essentially acetic acid and acetic acid structures and methane. A bioreactor may generally be associated with a device for monitoring and / or setting a temperature, which may be a control device and / or a temperature sensor device and / or a cooling device and / or a heating device, which can be arranged and / or connected or connectable for monitoring and / or adjustment of the temperature effective. As a treated substrate can generally a substrate and / or substrate mixture, in particular a

Substrate / water mixture, which has been subjected to a treatment and / or degradation in a reactor device described herein, in particular in a primary reactor. A treated substrate may generally undergo other treatment steps, such as enrichment with certain material and / or temperature adjustment. Generally, treated substrate

Contain solid material, in particular in a considerable amount, which can cause a high viscosity and / or toughness of the treated substrate, which in particular can be significantly higher than the viscosity and / or toughness of water and / or an acid mixture. A mining device and / or

Reactor device can generally be controlled by a suitable control device, in particular an electronic control device. For this purpose, suitable connected or connectable lines and / or

Valve devices, such as solenoid valves, and / or pumps and / or motors and / or stirring means and / or the like may be provided. In the context of this disclosure, an acidic moiety and / or acid moiety may generally comprise organic moieties such as especially acid and / or acids and / or acid moieties and / or oligomers and / or monomers, optionally in addition to other organic and / or inorganic moieties such as water and /or

metallic components and / or trace elements, especially in solution. A mining device for biodegrading a substrate is described. The mining device comprises a reactor device, which is intended to treat the substrate with a hydrolysis phase and / or a

Acidogenesis phase to biodegrade the substrate. Furthermore, the degradation device comprises a solids separation device which is capable of solid material made of treated substrate and / or a substrate residue separate. The removal device is designed to supply separated solid material to the degradation device, in particular the reactor device, for renewed degradation as a substrate. In other words, in the same reactor device, the quasi-same substrate may be subjected to hydrolysis and / or acidogenesis several times in succession. The term "quasi-same substrate" here means that the substrate, in particular its solids content, has undergone certain changes due to, inter alia, the hydrolysis and / or acidogenesis already undergone one or more times, but is still based on the initially introduced substrate By adjusting an unfavorable for acetogenesis and / or methanogenesis temperature value and / or pH in a primary reactor, the corresponding processes can largely and / or substantially completely For example, a temperature in the primary reactor of at least 50 ° C and / or at least and / or about and / or exactly 55 ° C can be adjusted and / or provided, which for many microorganisms and / or enzymes for acetogenesis and / or Methanogenesis less favorable than for at least some microorganisms and / or enzymes of the hydrolysis phase and / or

Acidogenesis phase, which therefore preferably run and / or the

Suppress acetogenesis phase and / or methanogenesis phase. A suitable pH for suppressing the acetogenesis phase and / or methanogenesis phase may be 5.7 or less and may be achieved by adding an acid, for example. Alternatively or additionally, a substrate can be provided and / or fed in which is readily and rapidly degradable in the hydrolysis phase and / or acidogenesis phase, for example in the form of energy crop material from maize and / or beets and / or oilseed rape. Further alternatively or additionally, sugar and / or Rübenmus be supplied or be supplied. Such rapidly degradable material is rapidly converted into oligomers and / or monomers and finally into acid and / or acid residues, so that a low pH quickly results, which is unfavorable for the acetogenesis phase and / or the methanogenesis phase, in particular in a temperature range mentioned above. However, in such a temperature range, some microorganisms and / or enzymes effective for the hydrolysis and / or acidogenesis phase may be sufficiently effective. Thus, inter alia, by suitable feeding of a primary reactor, the desired restriction to hydrolysis phase and / or acidogenesis phase can take place. These will be until the

Achieving a state of equilibrium carried out in which a certain, optionally by the substrate material and / or other conditions

certain, acidity and / or pH is reached, which may be below 5.7 and / or 5.5 and / or 5 in particular. The monomer and / or

In general, oligomer content is lower, the more efficient the acidogenesis phase is. The mining device can generally be configured to terminate the treatment and / or degradation in the reactor device, in particular in a primary reactor, in particular to terminate the process, for example by draining the treated substrate from the primary reactor and / or the reactor device, if another Fouling of the substrate in the reactor due to the pH would lead to no and / or insufficiently rapid further degradation. The Feststoffabtrenneinrichtung can be integrated into the reactor device, such as in a primary reactor, and / or such

be downstream in terms of flow, for example in and / or after removal of treated substrate. Such separated solid material may be subjected to a renewed degradation process, wherein liquid fractions may be substantially separated. In general, an intermediate treatment device can be provided, which is designed to separate the separated solid material

Undergo intermediate treatment before it is subjected to a renewed degradation process. Such an intermediate treatment can in particular for

Disrupting the solid material may be provided to give it another

Make the mining process easier to access. An intermediate treatment can be for example a thermal treatment such as heating and / or a chemical treatment and / or a mixing and / or the addition of substances such as feed material and / or new substrate and / or trace elements and / or acid and / or lye and / or organic substances such as enzymes and / or microorganisms. In particular, the solids separation device may be designed to remove the solid material from liquid components such as water and / or components contained therein and / or dissolved such as acid moieties and / or

Separate acid residue portions and / or monomer and / or oligomer proportions. The separated solid material may thus be further degraded than would be conventional, resulting in more complete degradation of degradable material. In this case, the pH of the separated solid material can be increased and / or neutralized by separation of the liquid fraction containing the acid and / or acid residues. This results in a renewed degradation process of the separated

Solid material by hydrolysis and / or Acidogenesephase favorable conditions for rapid degradation can take place. There can be several

Repetitions are carried out with substantially the same substrate and / or not yet degraded substrate proportions, wherein already degraded portions are in particular dissipated via liquid components and / or not

necessarily be fed to a renewed degradation. It can do that

Solid material then several times a degradation process in the reactor device, in particular a primary reactor, followed by subsequent solids separation, until a sufficient or complete degradation of degradable

Material is done. Thus, substrate can be more completely converted into degradation products of a primary reactor. In this case, in one variant, the material can each be supplied to the same primary reactor or can be fed. In general, the solids separation device may comprise a filter device and / or levitation tank device and / or a screen and / or a seepage device and / or a screw and / or another device which is suitable for separating solid material from treated substrate. The separated solid material may be mixed and / or miscible with water for redeposition. The water may, as described hereinafter, be separated from a liquid fraction. The mining device may be adapted to a renewed degradation Substrate to use whose solid content to a not inconsiderable proportion, in particular to a proportion of at least 10% and / or at least 20% and / or at least 30% and / or at least 40% and / or at least 50% and / or at least 60% and / or at least 70% and / or at least 80% and / or at least 90% and / or substantially completely of solid material already treated in the mining device. Thus, in particular a further degradation of the solid material is provided, less a vaccination of new substrate with microorganisms. A mixing of the separated material with another substrate, in particular with substrate, which has not undergone any degradation process can be provided.

In general, the mining device may comprise a control device and / or be connected thereto or connectable, in particular an electronic control device. The control device can be designed to during the degradation at least one of the acid development in the substrate and / or in the

Monitor reactor device and / or in the primary reactor representing parameters and / or control the mining device based on such a parameter. A parameter representing the evolution of acid may generally be a parameter which allows an acid content and / or an acid amount, such as a proportion and / or an amount of one or more specific acids, and / or a pH and / or a temporal evolution of a Acid portion and / or an amount of acid, such as a proportion and / or an amount of one or more specific acids, and / or a pH value to parameterize and / or indicate. Such a parameter may be about the pH and / or a

Indicate acid content and / or an amount of acid and / or let it close. The control device can generally comprise a corresponding sensor device and / or be connected or connectable to it, for example a pH sensor and / or an acid sensor and / or a conductivity sensor. Such a sensor device can be in direct contact with the substrate and / or arranged within a reactor. Alternatively or additionally, a Sensor device be designed to sense or sample a substrate sample and / or formed in the reactor and / or stationary gas and / or vapor. The sensor device can be used for data transmission to the

Control device may be formed, which based on data from the

Sensor device can make the monitoring and / or control.

In particular, the control device may be configured to terminate degradation when a predetermined parameter value is reached, such as a predetermined pH and / or acid level. Alternatively or additionally, upon reaching a state of equilibrium, such as when a monitored parameter representing acid evolution does not change within a predetermined period of time, the controller may be configured to terminate the degradation. Such

Monitoring can be performed independently of the material of the substrate. The termination of the degradation may generally include the removal of the treated substrate from a reactor and / or the separation of solid material by the Feststoffabtrenneinrichtung. When repeated, repeated

By going through the degradation, different limit parameter values can be used

Control, in particular for terminating the mining process, are used.

Furthermore, a method for biodegrading a substrate is described, which can be carried out in particular by means of a mining device described herein. The method provides for treating the substrate with a hydrolysis phase and / or an acidogenesis phase, in particular in a reactor device described herein and / or in a primary reactor. Furthermore, the method comprises the separation of solid material from treated substrate and / or a substrate residue, in particular by means of a solids separation device described herein. The re-treatment of the solid material as a substrate with a hydrolysis phase and / or an acidogenesis phase is provided, in particular in the reactor device and / or in the primary reactor. Thus, the solid material is degraded again as a substrate. In general, what is described herein with respect to the mining equipment applies. Generally, a substrate residue can be Mixture of materials comprising treated substrate described herein, which has been subjected to an additional treatment, in particular about a filtering and / or a withdrawal of certain materials, such as particularly large solids and / or liquid fractions. It can be provided that an acetogenesis phase and / or methanogenesis phase are not carried out and / or suppressed. There may be an intermediate treatment of the solid material before re-degradation, such as by means of an intermediate treatment device described herein. During degradation, a parameter representing acid evolution in the treated substrate may be monitored and / or the degradation, in particular the degradation device, controlled based on such a parameter. For this purpose, a control device and / or sensor device described herein can be provided.

Independently and / or additionally, a device for reducing a

be provided biological substrate, which comprises a Wasserabtrenneinrichtung. The water separation device can be configured to separate off water from solidified material in a reactor device and / or from a residual material separated therefrom (solid-liquid separation). In general, the water separator may be configured to separate water to increase the relative acid and / or acid moiety, and / or oligomer and / or monomer content in the remaining material. In addition, a

Solid separation device upstream of the Wasserabtrenneinrichtung and / or downstream. The product of the water separation device therefore comprises, on the one hand, the materials produced by the hydrolysis and / or acidogenesis phase in relatively high concentration and, on the other hand, water. Residual material may be generally described herein treated substrate from a reactor device,

in particular a primary reactor, and / or aftertreated material, such as filtered and / or separated and / or heated material. The Residual material may, in particular, be essentially liquid material, for example material which, as a liquid fraction, is one of those described herein

Solid Separator was separated from solid material. The Wasserabtrenneinrichtung may be formed to the substrate and / or the

Residual material in water and an acidic content to separate (liquid-liquid separation or water-acid separation). Due to the above-described recycling of separated solid material to the degradation device, in particular the reactor device, for renewed degradation as a substrate, can in the same

Reactor means the quasi-same substrate several times in succession a hydrolysis and / or acidogenesis and by means of the Wasserabtrenneinrichtung a solid-liquid separation and a liquid-liquid T separation or water-acid separation are subjected. The Wasserabtrenneinrichtung can a

Filter device and / or a membrane device and / or a

Evaporating device and / or a condensation device and / or a distillation device and / or a water absorption device and / or zeolite and / or activated carbon and / or similar material or devices to separate and / or retain water from the degraded substrate and / or the residual material and / or to provide an acidic moiety. In this case, the acid-containing fraction may have a residual amount of water, for example because of not completely efficient water removal, and / or in the separation and / or for the absorption of the acidic content

be included and / or bound materials. It is also conceivable to use the water separation device as a separation device for organic fractions and / or acid structural fractions and / or monomer fractions and / or

View and / or form oligomer components. The water separation device can be designed to supply separated water to a water reservoir and / or to supply the acidic fraction to an acid reservoir. The device may have one or more further separating means to the

acidic content further separate, such as to separate different types of acids and / or acid residues from each other. The acidic content can generally be provided in liquid and / or aqueous form and / or solution or be prepared. The acidic portion may be fed to a secondary reactor to be converted into biogas, and thus as a chemical

Energy storage serve. Alternatively or additionally, the acidic fraction may serve as a material for example in the chemical industry. By removing the water, at least a majority of the water, the acidic content can be transported much cheaper. On the other hand, purified water is provided, which may optionally be used or drained. In general, the Wasserabtrenneinrichtung as part of a

Degrading device and / or reactor device and / or a primary reactor formed and / or connected to such / be such or connectable, which may have a Feststoffmaterialabtrenneinrichtung, but need not necessarily have. It is conceivable that one

Irrigation device is provided, in which substrate can be mixed with water and / or flooded. Such an irrigation device may be connected or connectable to the Wasserabtrenneinrichtung and / or a water storage device described herein to be supplied with separated water. Alternatively or additionally, the separated water of a

Reactor device, in particular fed to a primary reactor or be fed. Storage and / or irrigation device can be provided as part of a mining device and / or integrated into such. In particular, a

Irrigation device in a reactor device, in particular a

Primary reactor, be integrated, or such or such

upstream fluidically to provide irrigated substrate for degradation can. Thus, the water in a substantially

be reused closed circuit.

Thus, in a further development, the water separation device may be designed in particular to separate water present in the residual material from acids and / or acid radicals present in the residual material, which thus have a high content Concentration can be provided and are inexpensive to transport.

In a variant, the water separation device may in particular be connected to or connected to a degradation device described herein and / or integrated therein. The Wasserabtrenneinrichtung can in particular a

Be separated downstream solids separation, so that the water is separated from a substantially liquid residual material.

In addition, a method is described for treating substrate degraded in a reactor device and / or residual material separated therefrom, which is in particular by means of a device described herein

Wasserabtrenneinrichtung is feasible. The method comprises separating water from the substrate and / or residual material. It may be provided to provide an acidic residue.

In one variant, a mining device described herein may be provided which includes a water separating device as described herein. The

Wasserabtrenneinrichtung may be followed in particular the Feststoffabtrenneinrichtung the mining device.

Generally, the devices and methods described herein permit local biodegradation of substrate where it is generated and / or produced. The described mining facilities, in particular primary reactors with solids separation device and / or water separation device, can be set up and operate inexpensively in the vicinity of fields, for example maize fields and / or beet fields, whereby the costs of a

Long-distance transport of plant material or treated Substart be avoided with high water content. Should the generation of biogas be desired, this can be produced, for example, by means of a secondary reactor, which may be spatially separated and / or centrally positioned, to many Primary reactors and / or associated acid reservoirs to be supplied.

In the following, a mining device and method for biodegrading a substrate are explained by way of example with reference to the attached drawing.

It shows:

Fig. 1 shows a mining device for biodegradation of a substrate. Fig. 1 shows schematically a mining device 10 for biodegradation of a substrate. The mining device 10 comprises a reactor 12, which as

Primary reactor is operated to perform substantially only a hydrolysis phase and Acidogenesephase taken in the reactor 12 substrate. A sensor device 22 measures a parameter representing the evolution of acid in the reactor 12, in this example about a pH, and provides corresponding data to a control device 24. The controller 24 monitors the parameter and controls the mining device 10 based thereon. In particular, the controller 24 is adapted to terminate the treatment and / or degradation of substrate in the reactor 12 when a certain parameter value is reached, such as a predetermined pH, and / or from the time evolution of the pH Achieving the end of the degradation results. The substrate, which is mixed with a water content, is then in a

Solid separation device 14 transferred, which may be integrated into the reactor 12 or downstream of this. Solid material is separated off in the solids separation device 14, so that on the one hand a liquid fraction with water, acid produced by the acidogenesis phase and / or acid residues, and optionally with oligomer and / or monomer components is provided, and on the other hand a solid fraction with at least partially degraded substrate. By separation, this solids content has fewer acid moieties and thus a higher pH than the treated substrate in the reactor 12 had. The solids content is in this Example returned to the reactor 12 for further degradation. The liquid portion is fed to a water separator 16 in which water is separated from the acidic portions. The acidic content becomes one

Product tank 18 supplied, which is designed as a chemical storage. In the product tank 18, the acid-containing fraction can be stored essentially as desired and, if appropriate, be provided for generating biogas to a secondary reactor and / or one for a downstream chemical process. The separated water can be disposed of or, in this example, stored in a water tank 20, from where it can be mixed with substrate in the reactor 12 as process water.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10 mining facility

12 reactor

14 solids separation device

16 water separator

18 product tank

20 water tank

22 sensor device

24 control device

Claims

claims

Dredging device for biodegradation of a substrate, with

reactor means arranged to effect treatment of the substrate with a hydrolysis phase and / or an acidogenesis phase to biodegrade the substrate; and with

a Feststoffabtrenneinrichtung, which is capable of separating solid material from treated substrate and / or a substrate residue;

wherein the mining device is adapted to be separated

Supplying solid material to the degradation device, in particular the reactor device, for renewed degradation as a substrate; and with one

Wasserabtrenneinrichtung, which is adapted to, of in a

Reactor degraded substrate and / or separated from a residual material separated therefrom water and is further adapted to separate water present in the residual material of acids present in the residual material and / or acid residues.

Dredging device according to claim 1, wherein the mining device is designed to use a substrate in a renewed degradation, the solids content to a not small proportion, in particular to a proportion of at least 10% and / or at least 20% and / or at least 30% and / or at least 40% and / or at least 50% and / or at least 60% and / or at least 70% and / or at least 80% and / or at least 90% and / or substantially completely of solid material already treated in the mining device consists.

Dredging device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mining device comprises a control device, which is designed, during the degradation at least one of the acid evolution in

Monitor monitored substrate representing parameters and / or control the degradation device based on such a parameter.

4. A method for biodegrading a substrate, in particular by means of a mining device according to one of the preceding claims, with Treating the substrate with a hydrolysis phase and / or a

Acidogenesis phase, especially in a reactor device;

Separating solid material from treated substrate and / or

Substrate residue, in particular by means of a Feststoffabtrenneinrichtung;

re-treating the solid material as a substrate with a

Hydrolysis phase and / or an Acidogenesephase, especially in the reactor device; and with water separation, in particular by means of a Wasserabtrenneinrichtung of degraded in a reactor device substrate and / or from a separated residual material and

Water separation, in particular by means of a Wasserabtrenneinrichtung, of acids present in the residual material and / or acid residues.

The method of claim 4, wherein during degradation, a

Acid development in the treated substrate representing parameter is monitored and / or the degradation, in particular the degradation device is controlled based on such a parameter, such as by means of a control device.

Dredging device according to claim 1, wherein the solids separation device upstream of the Wasserabtrenneinrichtung and / or downstream.