WO2015139638A1 - Salts of hexahydropentaleno derivatives, preparation methodand use in medicine thereof - Google Patents

Salts of hexahydropentaleno derivatives, preparation methodand use in medicine thereof Download PDF

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WO2015139638A1
WO2015139638A1 PCT/CN2015/074520 CN2015074520W WO2015139638A1 WO 2015139638 A1 WO2015139638 A1 WO 2015139638A1 CN 2015074520 W CN2015074520 W CN 2015074520W WO 2015139638 A1 WO2015139638 A1 WO 2015139638A1
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acid
inhibitor
addition salt
disease
acid addition
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PCT/CN2015/074520
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French (fr)
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WO2015139638A8 (en
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Zheng Gu
Wuyong WU
Panpan KANG
Bingchu Deng
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Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/10Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/16Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02Ophthalmic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/48Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
    • A61P5/50Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/06Antianaemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12Antihypertensives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to acid addition salts of the compound named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4 -fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile, preparation methods and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their uses as therapeutic agents, especially as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.
  • DPP-IV dipeptidyl peptidase-IV
  • Diabetes is a metabolic disease resulting from multiple causative factors, and characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism that is caused by deficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action.
  • Diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease have become three major diseases which threaten human health. Diabetes owes to absolute or relative lack of insulin in the human body resulting in increased concentrations of glucose in the blood and dramatic glucose in urine, along with polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, dizziness, weakness and other symptoms.
  • diabetes has two types.
  • Type I diabetes also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
  • IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
  • Type II diabetes also known as non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM)
  • NIDDM non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus
  • these patients have developed a resistance to the insulin leading to insufficient insulin-dependent activation of glucose uptake, oxidation and storage in muscle, and inadequate repression of lipolysis in adipose tissue and regulation of glucose production and secretion in the liver.
  • Patients with type II diabetes are at especially increased risk of complications, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and the like.
  • Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV is an important enzyme associated with diabetes, a serine protease which cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from a peptide chain containing, preferably, a proline residue in the penultimate position. It was discovered that DPP-IV is responsible for inhibiting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) . More particularly, DPP-IV cleaves the N-terminal His-Ala dipeptide of GLP-1, thus degrading the activation of GLP-1, and the half-life is no more than two minutes. The inactive metabolite derived from GLP-1 can combine with GLP-1 receptor to reduce the physiological response to GPL-1.
  • GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide
  • the DPP-IV inhibitor is well useful for treating non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) .
  • NIDDM non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
  • DPP-IV inhibitors used for treating type II diabetes have been strongly confirmed. Many DPP-IV inhibitors are in various stage of clinical development. Currently, some DPP-IV inhibitors have been launched, such as, Sitagliptin (WO 2003004498) , Vildagliptin (WO 1998019998) , Saxagliptin (WO 2001068603) , Alogliptin benzoate (WO 2005095381) , Linagliptin (WO 2004018468) , Anagliptin (WO 2004067509) , Teneligliptin (WO 2002014271) , gemigliptin tartaric acid (WO 2006104356) , and the like; some DPP-IV inhibitors have been pre-registered, such as Omarigliptin (WO 2010056708) and Trelagliptin (WO 2005095381) ; and some DPP-IV inhibitors are being studied in phase 3 clinical trials, such as Evogliptin (WO 2008130151 ) , Gos
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide salts which have DPP-IV inhibition activities and can be used for preparation of drugs for treatment or alleviation of diabetes or related disease thereof.
  • the other purpose of the present invention is to provide pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of compound having Formula (I) , and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, which have good biological activities, and have improved stability and pharmacokinetics of compound having Formula (I) , thereby have more excellent druggability.
  • the acid addition salts disclosed herein are acid addition salts of a stereoisomer of compound of Formula (I) , wherein the stereoisomer of the compound of Formula (I) has Formula (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ic) or (Id) :
  • the acid addition salts disclosed herein are acid addition salts of the compound of Formula (Ia) :
  • the inorganic acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfate, sulfurous acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
  • the organic acid is selected from methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, citric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, lactose acid, oxalic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, preferably p-toluene sulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid.
  • the acid addition salts of compound having Formula (I) include, but are not limited to:
  • a method for preparing the acid addition salt of compound having Formula (I) named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile comprising reacting the compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ic) or (Id) with an acid in an organic solvent, wherein the acid is an inorganic acid or an organic acid.
  • the organic solvent includes, but are not limited to, an alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol or n-butanol; an ester, such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-propyl acetate or n-butyl acetate; a haloalkane, such as dichloromethane, chloroform or 1, 2-dichloroethane; tetrahydrofuran; and wherein the organic solvent is preferably methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, ethyl acetate or dichloromethane
  • composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the acid addition salt disclosed herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent, adjuvant, vehicle or a combination thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein further comprises an additional therapeutic agent, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-diabetic agent other than a DPP-IV inhibitor, an antihyperglycemic agent, an anti-obesity agent, an antihypertensive agent, an antiplatelet agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, a lipid-lowering agent, an anti-inflammatory or a combination thereof.
  • the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-diabetic agent other than a DPP-IV inhibitor, an antihyperglycemic agent, an anti-obesity agent, an antihypertensive agent, an antiplatelet agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, a lipid-lowering agent, an anti-inflammatory or a combination thereof.
  • the anti-diabetic agent other than a DPP-IV inhibitor or antihyperglycemic agent is a biguanide, a sulfonylurea, a glucosidase inhibitor, a PPAR agonist, an ⁇ P2 inhibitor, a PPAR ⁇ / ⁇ dual agonist, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, a glinide, insulin, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, a PTP1B inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitor or a combination thereof;
  • the lipid-lowering agent is an MTP inhibitor, an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, a squalene synthase inhibitor, a fibric acid derivative, an ACAT inhibitor, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, an ileal Na (+) /bile acid cotransporter inhibitor, an upregulator of LDL receptor activity, niacin or a derivative thereof, bile acid sequestrant or a combination thereof.
  • the lipid-lowering agent is lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin or a combination thereof.
  • provided herein is the use of the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting DPP-IV activity.
  • a disease for inhibiting DPP-IV activity, preventing or treating a disease, lessening the symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression or onset of the disease or increasing HDL level, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
  • diabetes diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
  • a method for inhibiting DPP-IV activity comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.
  • a method for inhibiting DPP-IV activity comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
  • the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
  • provided herein is the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein for use in inhibiting DPP-IV activity.
  • the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein for use in inhibiting DPP-IV activity, preventing or treating a disease, lessening the symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression or onset of the disease or increasing HDL level, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
  • diabetes diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) ) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, or geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present acid addition salts are within the scope disclosed herein.
  • the acid addition salt disclosed herein may contain asymmetric or chiral centers, and therefore exists in different stereoisomeric forms. It is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of the acid addition salt disclosed herein, including but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers and atropisomers, as well as mixtures thereof, such as racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention.
  • a specific stereoisomer may also be referred to as an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an enantiomeric mixture.
  • a 50: 50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process.
  • Some non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfate, nitric acid and perchloric acid, or with organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfate, ni
  • salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, laurate, laurylsulfate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, thiocyanate, undecanoate, va
  • salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N + (C 1-4 alkyl) 4 salts.
  • This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil soluble or dispersible products may be obtained by such quaternization.
  • Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, C 1-8 sulfonate or aryl sulfonate.
  • a “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of the acid addition salts described herein, and other chemical components, such as physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients.
  • the term “subject” refers to an animal. Typically the animal is a mammal. A subject also refers to for example, primates (e.g., humans, male or female) , cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice, fish, birds and the like. In certain embodiments, the subject is a primate. In yet other embodiments, the subject is a human.
  • primates e.g., humans, male or female
  • the subject is a primate.
  • the subject is a human.
  • patient refers to a human (including adults and children) or other animal. In one embodiment, “patient” refers to a human.
  • the invention features pharmaceutical compositions that include an acid addition salt of compound of Formula (I) , an acid addition salt listed herein, or an acid addition salt of example, or a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, a racemate, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent, adjuvant, vehicle or a combination thereof.
  • the amount of the acid addition salt in the composition disclosed herein is effective and detectable for inhibiting DPP-IV activity in a biological sample or patient.
  • certain of the acid addition salt disclosed herein can exist in free form, or where appropriate, as a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable derivative include pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, esters, salts of such esters, or any other adducts or derivatives which upon administering to a patient in need is capable of providing, directly or indirectly, a salt as otherwise described herein, or a metabolite or residue thereof.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable composition disclosed herein additionally comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, adjuvant, or vehicle, which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicles, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicles, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired.
  • Some non-limiting examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include ion exchangers, aluminium, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as coco
  • Acid addition salt disclosed herein can be administered as the sole pharmaceutical agent or in combination with one or more other additional therapeutic (pharmaceutical) agents where the combination causes no unacceptable adverse effects. This may be of particular relevance for the treatment of diabetes, diabetic complication and other related diseases.
  • Some non-limiting examples of the disease include type I diabetes, type II diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis and hypertension, etc.
  • additional therapeutic agents include a known anti-diabetic agent other than an DPP-IV inhibitor, an antihyperglycemic agent, an anti-obesity drug, an antihypertensive agent, an antiplatelet agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, a lipid-lowering agent, an anti-inflammatory or a combination thereof.
  • the anti-diabetic agents disclosed herein other than an DPP-IV inhibitor and the antihyperglycemic agents include, but are not limited to, a biguanide (e.g., phenformin, metformin) , a sulfonylurea (e.g., acetohexamide, diabinese, glibenclamide, glipizide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipentide, gliquidone, tolazamide, tolbutamide, and meglitinide) , a glinide (e.g., repaglinide, nateglinide) , a SGLT-2 inhibitor (e.g., dapagliflozin, canagliflozin and ipragliflozin) , an alpha glucoside hydrolase inhibitor (eg., acarbose) , an alpha glucosidase inhibitor (e.g.
  • insulin an insulin mimetic, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a VPAC2 receptor agonist, a glucokinase activator, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor or a glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitor, an ⁇ P2 inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 (ACC-2) inhibitor, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) -10 inhibitor, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 or 2 inhibitor, a glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) regulator and a glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) inhibitor.
  • ACC-2 acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2
  • PDE phosphodiesterase
  • DGAT diacylglycerol acyltransferase
  • GLUT4 glucose transporter 4
  • GFAT glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase
  • the lipid-lowering agents disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, an MTP inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a squalene synthase inhibitor, a fibric acid derivative, an ACAT inhibitor, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, an ileal Na (+) /bile acid cotransporter inhibitor, an upregulator of LDL receptor activity, a bile acid sequestrant or niacin and a derivative thereof.
  • the lipid-lowering agent disclosed herein is selected from pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, atavastatin or rosuvastatin.
  • the anti-obesity agents disclosed herein include CB1 antagonists (such as rimonabant, taranabant, surinabant, otenabant, SLV319 and AVE1625) , gut-selective MTP inhibitors (such as dirlotapide, mitratapide and implitapide) , CCKa agonists, 5HT2c agonists (such as lorcaserin) , MCR4 agonists, lipase inhibitors (such as cetilistat) , PYY 3-36 , opioid antagonist (such as naltrexone) , oleoyl-estrone, obinepitide, pramlintide, tesofensine, leptin, liraglutide, bromocriptine, orlistat, exenatide, AOD-9604 and sibutramide.
  • CB1 antagonists such as rimonabant, taranabant, surinabant,
  • the suitable anti-inflammatory agents disclosed herein include agents for genital tract/urinary tract infection preventatives and treatments.
  • agents include cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and cranberry derivatives, such as cranberry juice, cranberry extracts or flavonols of cranberries.
  • the other suitable anti-inflammatory agents include, but are not limited to, aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroid, sulfasalazine and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
  • compositions disclosed herein may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir.
  • parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intraocular, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
  • the preferred compositions are administered orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously.
  • Sterile injectable forms of the compositions disclosed herein include aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing agents, wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • acceptable vehicles and solvents include water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as solvents or suspending mediums.
  • any bland, fixed oil includes synthetic mono-or diglycerides.
  • Fatty acids such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions.
  • These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents that are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions.
  • Other commonly used surfactants such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.
  • Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV is a cell-surface protein which has many biological functions. It has a broad tissue distribution, such as intestine, kidney, liver, pancreas, placenta, thymus, spleen, epithelial cells, vascular endothelium, lymphoid and myeloid cells, serum, etc, and distinct tissue and cell-type expression levels. DPP-IV is identified as T cell activation marker CD26, and it can cleave a number of immunoregulatory, endocrine and neurological peptides in vitro. It is suggested that such peptidase plays a potential role in the process of various diseases in humans or other species.
  • DPP-IV inhibitors can significantly inhibit the activity of DPP-IV, protect the activity of GLP-1, enhance insulin secretion, reduce postprandial glucagon, lower blood sugar and improve glucose tolerance, and DPP-IV inhibitors have the protective effect on the activity of GIP, which can increase the concentration of GIP and enhance the effect of insulin secretion. DPP-IV inhibitors can also improve glucose and lipid metabolism to prevent weight gain.
  • the amount of the acid addition salt or the acid addition salt contained in the compositions of the invention is effective and detectable for inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity, and has good inhibiting effect on DPP-IV. Therefore, the acid addition salt disclosed herein, all crystal forms thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable derivates thereof, such as pharmaceutically acceptable N-oxides, hydrates, solvates or prodrugs, and the drugs that are prepared from pharmaceutical compositions containing the acid addition salt of the invention as the main active ingredient can be used for preventing and treating the type II diabetes and related diseases or improving symptoms of these diseases.
  • DPP-IV dipeptidyl peptidase-IV
  • Acid addition salts disclosed herein would be used for, but are not limited to, preventing or treating diabetes or related diseases, or lessening the symptoms of diabetes or related diseases, delaying the progression or onset of diabetes or related diseases, increasing HDL level in a patient by administering to the patient an acid addition salt or a composition disclosed herein in an effective amount.
  • diseases include, but are not limited to, diabetes, especially type II diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood levels of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis and hypertension.
  • acid addition salts or pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein also suit for preventing or treating the damage of diabetes in later stages, such as kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, immunological diseases, autoimmune diseases such as AIDS, asthma, osteoporosis, cancer, psoriasis, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and infectious diseases.
  • diabetes in later stages, such as kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, immunological diseases, autoimmune diseases such as AIDS, asthma, osteoporosis, cancer, psoriasis, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and infectious diseases.
  • these acid addition salts disclosed herein are also useful for other mammals in treating related diseases. These mammals include, but are not limited to, cattles, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rats and other bovine, canine, felid, murine, and the like. In addition, these acid addition salts are also useful for other species in treating related diseases, such as birds. As used herein, these acid addition salts disclosed herein include all kinds of pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
  • the additional therapeutic agents are applicable to treat associated diseases, and the additional therapeutic agent can be administered in combination with the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.
  • the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein can be as a single dosage form, or the separated acid addition salt or composition can be as a part of multi-dosage form.
  • the additional therapeutic agent may be administered with an acid addition salt disclosed herein at the same time or at different time.
  • an “effective amount” , “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective dose” of the acid addition salt or pharmaceutically acceptable composition disclosed herein is the amount which is effective for treating or lessening the severity of one or more of the aforementioned diseases.
  • the acid addition salt and composition, according to the method disclosed herein may be administered using any amount and any route of administration which are effective for treating or lessening the severity of the disorder or disease. The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, general condition of the subject, the severity of the infection, the particular factor, the mode of administration, and the like.
  • An acid addition salt or composition can also be administered with one or more other therapeutic agents, as discussed above.
  • the compound disclosed herein can be prepared according to the method described herein.
  • the following non-limiting examples are presented to further exemplify the invention.
  • reaction temperature described in examples was room temperature
  • the room temperature was the most suitable reaction temperature, and the reaction temperature was 20 °C-30 °C; the room temperature was abbreviated as rt or RT throughout the specification.
  • HPLC referred to high pressure liquid chromatography
  • HPLC was determined on Agilent 1200 high pressure liquid chromatography (Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 150 ⁇ 4.6 mm chromatographic column) ;
  • test conditions of HPLC Run time: 30 min; Column temperature: 35 °C; PDA: 210 nm, 254 nm; Mobile phase: phase A: H 2 O, phase B: acetonitrile; Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min.
  • Step 1) (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-one
  • Step 2) (3aS, 6aR) -5-Methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2, 5-diol
  • Step 3) (3aR, 6aS) -5-Azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol
  • Step 4) (3aR, 6aS) -5-Amino-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol
  • Step 5) (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen -2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
  • Step 1) (3aR, 6aS) -2, 5', 5'-Trimethylspiro [1, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydropentalene-5, 2'-1, 3-dioxane] -2-ol
  • Step 2) (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydropentalene-2-one
  • Step 3) (3aS, 6aR) -5-Methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2, 5-diol
  • Step 4) (3aR, 6aS) -5-Azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2-ol
  • Step 6) (3aR, 6aS) -5-Azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol
  • Step 7) (3aS, 6aR) -5-Amino-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol
  • Step 8) (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen -2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
  • Octadecyl silane chemically bonded silica was used as bulking agent, and aqueous dipotassium phosphate (0.01M, pH 8.0) -acetonitrile (90: 10) was used as the mobile phase, the test samples were eluted in gradient mode and the detection wavelenghth of 210 nm was chosen. Appropriate amount of test samples (the compounds prepared from examples 2-9 and 11-18) were dissolved in water-acetonitrile (70: 30) , test sample solutions of 1 mg test sample/mL were obtained respectively. 5 ⁇ L of test sample solution was taken and injected into the liquid chromatograph. Chromatograph chart was recorded, and the content of the test sample was calculated by peak area normalization method.
  • test compounds and Sitagliptin on blood glucose in normal C57BL/6 mice were detected to provide a theoretical basis for DPP-IV inhibitor screening in vivo.
  • mice 70 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into ten groups. All groups were fasted for 18 hours and basic blood glucose of each group was measured before administering. All groups were respectively administered with the compounds of examples 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and Sitagliptin (each at a dose of 5mg/kg of body weight) , and normal saline by gavage.
  • the blood glucose level of the Sitagliptin group was measured at 60 min (point 0) after administration, and the blood glucose levels of other groups were measured at 30 min (point 0) after administration. After the blood glucose level of each group at point 0 was measured, glucose (2.5 g/kg) was administered immediately to each group by gavage.
  • the blood samples were collected from tail vein at the time point of 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 120 min after gavage-administration of glucose, and the glucose levels of each group were continually measured by glucose meter.
  • 48 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups so that each group consisted of 6 rats. All groups were fasted for 15 hours before administration, free drinking, and fed at 4 hours after administration. Each group was administered with compounds of examples 2-9 by intravenous (2 mg/kg) and gavage (5 mg/kg) independently, and the blood samples were collected from tail vein at the time point of 0.083 h, 0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 24h after administration. The blood samples collected at each time point were independently placed in K2EDTA anticoagulation tube and preserved in an incubator with ice packs. The plasma of each blood sample above was separated by centrifugation at 10000 rpm at 4 °C for 2 min in 60 minutes after collection.
  • the plasma samples were preserved at -80 °C until being measured.
  • the prepared plasma samples were treated by organic solvent precipitation, and measured by LC-MS/MS (Agilent Technologies 6430) to obtain the concentrations of the compounds of examples 2-9 in the plasma samples, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartment model method using WinNonlin 6.1 software.
  • the acid addition salts of examples 2-9 had good pharmacokinetic characteristics. Especially, compared to compound (Ia) of example 1, the pharmacokinetic properties of dihydrogen phosphate of example 8 had significantly improved and bioavailability had greatly increased. Therefore, the dihydrogen phosphate of example 8 had significant advantage on pharmacokinetic properties.

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Abstract

Provided herein are the acid addition salts of the compound named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4 -fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile, preparation methods and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their uses in the manufacture of a medicament for treating dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) mediated diseases.

Description

SALTS OF HEXAHYDROPENTALENO DERIVATIVES, PREPARATION METHODAND USE IN MEDICINE THEREOF
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application Serial No. 201410103041.3, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on March 19, 2014, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entireties and for all purposes as if specifically and fully set forth herein.
FIELD
This invention relates to acid addition salts of the compound named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4 -fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile, preparation methods and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and their uses as therapeutic agents, especially as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes is a metabolic disease resulting from multiple causative factors, and characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism that is caused by deficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease have become three major diseases which threaten human health. Diabetes owes to absolute or relative lack of insulin in the human body resulting in increased concentrations of glucose in the blood and dramatic glucose in urine, along with polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, dizziness, weakness and other symptoms. Generally speaking, diabetes has two types. Type I diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) , its main characteristic is that pancreatic β-cells are damaged in the process of autoimmunity, and there is little or no insulin secretion, the patient with type I diabetes depends on insulin treatment. Type II diabetes, also known as non-insulin dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) , which is more common, and patients with which often have plasma insulin levels that are the same or even higher compared to nondiabetic subjects, however, these patients have developed a resistance to the insulin leading to insufficient insulin-dependent activation of glucose uptake, oxidation and storage in muscle, and inadequate repression of lipolysis in adipose tissue and regulation of glucose production and secretion in the liver. Patients with type II diabetes are at especially increased risk of complications, such as coronary heart  disease, stroke, hypertension, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and the like.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is an important enzyme associated with diabetes, a serine protease which cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from a peptide chain containing, preferably, a proline residue in the penultimate position. It was discovered that DPP-IV is responsible for inhibiting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) . More particularly, DPP-IV cleaves the N-terminal His-Ala dipeptide of GLP-1, thus degrading the activation of GLP-1, and the half-life is no more than two minutes. The inactive metabolite derived from GLP-1 can combine with GLP-1 receptor to reduce the physiological response to GPL-1. Research discovered that the endogenous even exogenous GLP-1 can be entirely protected by the DPP-IV inhibitor from being deactivated by DPP-IV. Since GLP-1 is a major stimulator of pancreatic insulin secretion and can directly affect the glucose disposal, stabilizing blood glucose levels without causing severe hypoglycemia, the DPP-IV inhibitor is well useful for treating non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) .
DPP-IV inhibitors used for treating type II diabetes have been strongly confirmed. Many DPP-IV inhibitors are in various stage of clinical development. Currently, some DPP-IV inhibitors have been launched, such as, Sitagliptin (WO 2003004498) , Vildagliptin (WO 1998019998) , Saxagliptin (WO 2001068603) , Alogliptin benzoate (WO 2005095381) , Linagliptin (WO 2004018468) , Anagliptin (WO 2004067509) , Teneligliptin (WO 2002014271) , gemigliptin tartaric acid (WO 2006104356) , and the like; some DPP-IV inhibitors have been pre-registered, such as Omarigliptin (WO 2010056708) and Trelagliptin (WO 2005095381) ; and some DPP-IV inhibitors are being studied in phase 3 clinical trials, such as Evogliptin (WO 2008130151 ) , Gosogliptin (WO 2005116014) , and the like.
However, although several DPP-IV inhibitors have been used or disclosed, more and better DPP-IV inhibitors are still needed to be developed for clinical treatment.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide salts which have DPP-IV inhibition activities and can be used for preparation of drugs for treatment or alleviation of diabetes or related disease thereof.
The application PCT/CN2013/077899 (WO 2014000629) submitted by the applicant of the present invention on Jun 25.2012 described novel hexahydropentaleno derivatives and their uses as DPP-IV inhibitors. It have been proved that the compounds of example 3 and example 9 disclosed in it have excellent inhibition activities against DPP-IV according to the test. This  application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entireties.
The other purpose of the present invention is to provide pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of compound having Formula (I) , and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, which have good biological activities, and have improved stability and pharmacokinetics of compound having Formula (I) , thereby have more excellent druggability.
SUMMARY
In one aspect, provided herein are acid addition salts of the compound having Formula (I) named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a stereoisomer thereof,
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000001
In certain embodiments, the acid addition salts disclosed herein are acid addition salts of a stereoisomer of compound of Formula (I) , wherein the stereoisomer of the compound of Formula (I) has Formula (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ic) or (Id) :
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000002
In other embodiments, the acid addition salts disclosed herein are acid addition salts of the compound of Formula (Ia) :
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000003
In certain embodiments, provided herein are acid addition salts of compound having Formula (I) named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2 -yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein the acid addition salt is an inorganic acid addition salt derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid addition salt derived from an organic acid which are common known in the art. Furthermore, wherein the inorganic acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfate, sulfurous acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid, and wherein the organic acid is selected from methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, citric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, lactose acid, oxalic acid and trifluoroacetic acid, preferably p-toluene sulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid and benzenesulfonic acid.
In other embodiments, the acid addition salts of compound having Formula (I) include, but are not limited to:
Table 1
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000007
In another aspect, provided herein is a method for preparing the acid addition salt of compound having Formula (I) named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile comprising reacting the compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ic) or (Id) with an acid in an organic solvent, wherein the acid is an inorganic acid or an organic acid.
The method disclosed above, wherein the organic solvent includes, but are not limited to, an alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol or n-butanol; an ester, such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-propyl acetate or n-butyl acetate; a haloalkane, such as dichloromethane, chloroform or 1, 2-dichloroethane; tetrahydrofuran; and wherein the organic solvent is preferably methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, ethyl acetate or dichloromethane
The method disclosed above, wherein the organic solvent can also be a combination, and wherein the combination is a mixed solvent containing two or more solvents at a specific volume ratio, including but not limited to, methanol/dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1) , ethanol/dichloromethane (v/v = 1/6) , ethanol/dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1) , i-propanol/dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1) or tetrahydrofuran/dichloromethane.
In another aspect, also provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the acid addition salt disclosed herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent, adjuvant, vehicle or a combination thereof.
In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein further comprises an additional therapeutic agent, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-diabetic agent other than a DPP-IV inhibitor, an antihyperglycemic agent, an anti-obesity agent, an antihypertensive agent, an antiplatelet agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, a lipid-lowering agent, an anti-inflammatory or a combination thereof.
In other embodiments, wherein the anti-diabetic agent other than a DPP-IV inhibitor or antihyperglycemic agent is a biguanide, a sulfonylurea, a glucosidase inhibitor, a PPAR agonist, an αP2 inhibitor, a PPARα/γ dual agonist, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, a glinide, insulin, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, a PTP1B inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitor or a combination thereof;
In certain embodiments, wherein the lipid-lowering agent is an MTP inhibitor, an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, a squalene synthase inhibitor, a fibric acid derivative, an ACAT inhibitor, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, an ileal Na (+) /bile acid cotransporter inhibitor, an upregulator of LDL receptor activity, niacin or a derivative thereof, bile acid sequestrant or a combination thereof.
In other embodiments, wherein the lipid-lowering agent is lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin or a combination thereof.
In another aspect, provided herein is the use of the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting DPP-IV activity.
In another aspect, provided herein is the use of the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting  DPP-IV activity, preventing or treating a disease, lessening the symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression or onset of the disease or increasing HDL level, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
In another aspect, provided herein is a method for inhibiting DPP-IV activity, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.
In another aspect, provided herein is a method for inhibiting DPP-IV activity, preventing or treatinga disease, lessening the symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression or onset of the disease or increasing HDL level, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
In another aspect, provided herein is the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein for use in inhibiting DPP-IV activity.
In another aspect, provided herein is the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein for use in inhibiting DPP-IV activity, preventing or treating a disease, lessening the symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression or onset of the disease or increasing HDL level, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) ) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, or geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present  acid addition salts are within the scope disclosed herein.
Unless otherwise stated, all tautomer forms of the acid addition salt disclosed herein are within the scope of the invention.
The foregoing merely summarizes certain aspects disclosed herein and is not intended to be limiting in nature. These aspects and other aspects are described more fully below.
DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL TERMINOLOGY
Unless otherwise stated, the following terms used in the specification and claims have the definitions described below.
Stereochemical definitions and conventions used herein generally follow Parker et al., McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms (1984) McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York and Eliel et al., “Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds” , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1994. The acid addition salt disclosed herein may contain asymmetric or chiral centers, and therefore exists in different stereoisomeric forms. It is intended that all stereoisomeric forms of the acid addition salt disclosed herein, including but not limited to, diastereomers, enantiomers and atropisomers, as well as mixtures thereof, such as racemic mixtures, form part of the present invention. Many organic compounds exist in optically active forms, i.e., they have the ability to rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. In describing an optically active compound, the prefixes D and L, or R and S, are used to denote the absolute configuration of the molecule about its chiral center (s) . The prefixes d and l or (+) and (-) are employed to designate the sign of rotation of plane-polarized light by the compound, with (-) or l meaning that the compound is levorotatory. A compound prefixed with (+) or d is dextrorotatory. For a given chemical structure, these stereoisomers are identical except that they are mirror images of one another. A specific stereoisomer may also be referred to as an enantiomer, and a mixture of such isomers is often called an enantiomeric mixture. A 50: 50 mixture of enantiomers is referred to as a racemic mixture or a racemate, which may occur where there has been no stereoselection or stereospecificity in a chemical reaction or process.
The acid addition salts described herein are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” are well known in the art. For example, Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmacol Sci, 1977, 66: 1-19, which is incorporated herein by reference. Some non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include salts of an amino group formed with inorganic  acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfate, nitric acid and perchloric acid, or with organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, laurate, laurylsulfate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, thiocyanate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Furthermore, pharmaceutically acceptable salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N+ (C1-4 alkyl) 4 salts. This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil soluble or dispersible products may be obtained by such quaternization. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, C1-8 sulfonate or aryl sulfonate.
A “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of the acid addition salts described herein, and other chemical components, such as physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients.
The conditions, diseases and maladies collectively refered to as “Syndrome X” (also known as metabolic syndrome) are detailed in Johannsson, et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1997; 82, 727-734 incorporated herein by reference.
As used herein, the term “subject” refers to an animal. Typically the animal is a mammal. A subject also refers to for example, primates (e.g., humans, male or female) , cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice, fish, birds and the like. In certain embodiments, the subject is a primate. In yet other embodiments, the subject is a human.
As used herein, “patient” refers to a human (including adults and children) or other animal. In one embodiment, “patient” refers to a human.
THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS OF THE SALTS IN THE INVENTION
The invention features pharmaceutical compositions that include an acid addition salt of compound of Formula (I) , an acid addition salt listed herein, or an acid addition salt of example, or a stereoisomer, a geometric isomer, a tautomer, a racemate, an N-oxide, a hydrate, a solvate, a metabolite or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent, adjuvant, vehicle or a combination thereof. The amount of the acid addition salt in the composition disclosed herein is effective and detectable for inhibiting DPP-IV activity in a biological sample or patient.
It will also be appreciated that certain of the acid addition salt disclosed herein can exist in free form, or where appropriate, as a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. Some non-limiting examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable derivative include pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, esters, salts of such esters, or any other adducts or derivatives which upon administering to a patient in need is capable of providing, directly or indirectly, a salt as otherwise described herein, or a metabolite or residue thereof.
As described herein, the pharmaceutically acceptable composition disclosed herein additionally comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, adjuvant, or vehicle, which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicles, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Troy et al., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st ed., 2005, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, and Swarbrick et al., Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, eds. 1988-1999, Marcel Dekker, New York, all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties, are disclosed various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutically acceptable compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof. Except insofar as any conventional carrier medium is incompatible with the compound disclosed herein, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other components of the pharmaceutically acceptable composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention.
Some non-limiting examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically  acceptable carriers include ion exchangers, aluminium, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer’s solution; ethyl alcohol; phosphate buffer solutions, as well as other non-toxic compatible lubricants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releasing agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives, antioxidants, and the like.
Acid addition salt disclosed herein can be administered as the sole pharmaceutical agent or in combination with one or more other additional therapeutic (pharmaceutical) agents where the combination causes no unacceptable adverse effects. This may be of particular relevance for the treatment of diabetes, diabetic complication and other related diseases. Some non-limiting examples of the disease include type I diabetes, type II diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis and hypertension, etc.
As used herein, additional therapeutic agents include a known anti-diabetic agent other than an DPP-IV inhibitor, an antihyperglycemic agent, an anti-obesity drug, an antihypertensive agent, an antiplatelet agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, a lipid-lowering agent, an anti-inflammatory or a combination thereof.
Wherein the anti-diabetic agents disclosed herein other than an DPP-IV inhibitor and the antihyperglycemic agents include, but are not limited to, a biguanide (e.g., phenformin, metformin) , a sulfonylurea (e.g., acetohexamide, diabinese, glibenclamide, glipizide, gliclazide,  glimepiride, glipentide, gliquidone, tolazamide, tolbutamide, and meglitinide) , a glinide (e.g., repaglinide, nateglinide) , a SGLT-2 inhibitor (e.g., dapagliflozin, canagliflozin and ipragliflozin) , an alpha glucoside hydrolase inhibitor (eg., acarbose) , an alpha glucosidase inhibitor (e.g., adiposine, camiglibose, emiglitate, miglitol, voglibose, pradimicin and salbostatin) , a PPAR agonist (e.g., balaglitazone, ciglitazone, darglitazone, englitazone, isaglitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and troglitazone) , a PPARα/γ dual agonist (such as CLX-0940, GW-1536, GW-1929, GW-2433, KRP-297, L-796449, LR-90, MK-0767 and SB-219994) , a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (e.g., exendin-3 and exendin-4) , a protein tyrosine phosphatases-1B (PTP-1B) inhibitor (e.g., trodusquemine, hyrtiosal extrac and compound disclosed by Zhang, S. et al, Drug Discovery Today, 12 (9/10) , 373-381, 2007) , insulin, an insulin mimetic, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a VPAC2 receptor agonist, a glucokinase activator, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor or a glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitor, an αP2 inhibitor, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 (ACC-2) inhibitor, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) -10 inhibitor, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 or 2 inhibitor, a glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) regulator and a glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) inhibitor.
Wherein the lipid-lowering agents disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, an MTP inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a squalene synthase inhibitor, a fibric acid derivative, an ACAT inhibitor, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, an ileal Na (+) /bile acid cotransporter inhibitor, an upregulator of LDL receptor activity, a bile acid sequestrant or niacin and a derivative thereof. In some embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent disclosed herein is selected from pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cerivastatin, atavastatin or rosuvastatin. Wherein the anti-obesity agents disclosed herein include CB1 antagonists (such as rimonabant, taranabant, surinabant, otenabant, SLV319 and AVE1625) , gut-selective MTP inhibitors (such as dirlotapide, mitratapide and implitapide) , CCKa agonists, 5HT2c agonists (such as lorcaserin) , MCR4 agonists, lipase inhibitors (such as cetilistat) , PYY3-36, opioid antagonist (such as naltrexone) , oleoyl-estrone, obinepitide, pramlintide, tesofensine, leptin, liraglutide, bromocriptine, orlistat, exenatide, AOD-9604 and sibutramide.
Wherein the suitable anti-inflammatory agents disclosed herein include agents for genital tract/urinary tract infection preventatives and treatments. Exemplary agents include cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and cranberry derivatives, such as cranberry juice, cranberry extracts or flavonols of cranberries. Moreover, the other suitable anti-inflammatory  agents include, but are not limited to, aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticosteroid, sulfasalazine and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
The compositions disclosed herein may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir. The term “parenteral” as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intraocular, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques. The preferred compositions are administered orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously. Sterile injectable forms of the compositions disclosed herein include aqueous or oleaginous suspension. These suspensions may be formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing agents, wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that include water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as solvents or suspending mediums.
For this purpose, any bland, fixed oil includes synthetic mono-or diglycerides. Fatty acids, such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives are useful in the preparation of injectables, as are natural pharmaceutically-acceptable oils, such as olive oil or castor oil, especially in their polyoxyethylated versions. These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain a long-chain alcohol diluent or dispersant, such as carboxymethyl cellulose or similar dispersing agents that are commonly used in the formulation of pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms including emulsions and suspensions. Other commonly used surfactants, such as Tweens, Spans and other emulsifying agents or bioavailability enhancers which are commonly used in the manufacture of pharmaceutically acceptable solid, liquid, or other dosage forms may also be used for the purposes of formulation.
USE OF THE SALTS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a cell-surface protein which has many biological functions. It has a broad tissue distribution, such as intestine, kidney, liver, pancreas, placenta, thymus, spleen, epithelial cells, vascular endothelium, lymphoid and myeloid cells, serum, etc, and distinct tissue and cell-type expression levels. DPP-IV is identified as T cell activation marker CD26, and it can cleave a number of immunoregulatory, endocrine and neurological  peptides in vitro. It is suggested that such peptidase plays a potential role in the process of various diseases in humans or other species.
Pharmacological experimental results showed that DPP-IV inhibitors can significantly inhibit the activity of DPP-IV, protect the activity of GLP-1, enhance insulin secretion, reduce postprandial glucagon, lower blood sugar and improve glucose tolerance, and DPP-IV inhibitors have the protective effect on the activity of GIP, which can increase the concentration of GIP and enhance the effect of insulin secretion. DPP-IV inhibitors can also improve glucose and lipid metabolism to prevent weight gain.
The amount of the acid addition salt or the acid addition salt contained in the compositions of the invention is effective and detectable for inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity, and has good inhibiting effect on DPP-IV. Therefore, the acid addition salt disclosed herein, all crystal forms thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable derivates thereof, such as pharmaceutically acceptable N-oxides, hydrates, solvates or prodrugs, and the drugs that are prepared from pharmaceutical compositions containing the acid addition salt of the invention as the main active ingredient can be used for preventing and treating the type II diabetes and related diseases or improving symptoms of these diseases.
Acid addition salts disclosed herein would be used for, but are not limited to, preventing or treating diabetes or related diseases, or lessening the symptoms of diabetes or related diseases, delaying the progression or onset of diabetes or related diseases, increasing HDL level in a patient by administering to the patient an acid addition salt or a composition disclosed herein in an effective amount. Such diseases include, but are not limited to, diabetes, especially type II diabetes, and diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood levels of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis and hypertension.
Moreover, acid addition salts or pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein also suit for preventing or treating the damage of diabetes in later stages, such as kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease, thrombosis, arteriosclerosis, inflammation, immunological diseases, autoimmune diseases such as AIDS, asthma, osteoporosis, cancer, psoriasis, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and infectious diseases.
Besides being useful for primate, such as human, these acid addition salts disclosed herein are also useful for other mammals in treating related diseases. These mammals include, but are not limited to, cattles, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rats and other bovine, canine, felid, murine, and the like. In addition, these acid addition salts are also useful for other species in treating related diseases, such as birds. As used herein, these acid addition salts disclosed herein include all kinds of pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof.
Also provided herein is a method, which comprises administering to a patient the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, further comprising administering to the patient an additional therapeutic agent (combination therapy) , wherein the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-diabetic agent other than a DPP-IV inhibitor, an antihyperglycemic agent, an ant-obesity agent, an antihypertensive agent, an antiplatelet agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, a lipid-lowering agent, an anti-inflammatory or a combination thereof. Wherein the additional therapeutic agents are applicable to treat associated diseases, and the additional therapeutic agent can be administered in combination with the acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. The acid addition salt or the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein can be as a single dosage form, or the separated acid addition salt or composition can be as a part of multi-dosage form. The additional therapeutic agent may be administered with an acid addition salt disclosed herein at the same time or at different time.
An “effective amount” , “therapeutically effective amount” or “effective dose” of the acid addition salt or pharmaceutically acceptable composition disclosed herein is the amount which is effective for treating or lessening the severity of one or more of the aforementioned diseases. The acid addition salt and composition, according to the method disclosed herein, may be administered using any amount and any route of administration which are effective for treating or lessening the severity of the disorder or disease. The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, general condition of the subject, the severity of the infection, the particular factor, the mode of administration, and the like. An acid addition salt or composition can also be administered with one or more other therapeutic agents, as discussed above.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Synthetic method of compound of Formula (I)
The compound named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro  -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile can be prepared according to the synthetic method described in PCT/CN2013/077899, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The compound disclosed herein can be prepared according to the method described herein. The following non-limiting examples are presented to further exemplify the invention.
Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the chemical reactions described herein may be readily adapted to prepare a number of other acid addition salts disclosed herein, and alternative methods for preparing the acid addition salts disclosed herein are deemed to be within the scope disclosed herein. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having applicability for preparing other acid addition salts disclosed herein.
Structures of all compounds were confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) . 1H NMR chemical shifts (δ) were reported in ppm (10-6) , 1H-NMR spectra were recorded in deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) , deuterated methanol (CD3OD) or dimethylsulfoxid-d6 (DMSO-d6) on a Bruker Ultrashield-400 NMR spectrometer.
LC-MS data were determined on Agilent-6120 Quadrupole LC/MS mass spectrometer;
GC-MS data were determined on Agilent 7890A/5975C GC/MS mass spectrometer;
Unless otherwise stated, the solution described in examples referred to an aqueous solution;
Unless otherwise stated, the reaction temperature described in examples was room temperature;
The room temperature was the most suitable reaction temperature, and the reaction temperature was 20 ℃-30 ℃; the room temperature was abbreviated as rt or RT throughout the specification.
HPLC referred to high pressure liquid chromatography;
HPLC was determined on Agilent 1200 high pressure liquid chromatography (Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 150×4.6 mm chromatographic column) ;
The test conditions of HPLC: Run time: 30 min; Column temperature: 35 ℃; PDA: 210 nm, 254 nm; Mobile phase: phase A: H2O, phase B: acetonitrile; Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Compound (Ia)
(2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000008
Step 1) : (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-one
To a solution of 1, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-pentalene-2, 5-dione Ia-a (100 g, 0.725 mol) in ethyl acetate (88 mL) was added lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (184 g, 0.725 mol, Beijing Ouhe Technology Co., Ltd) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 15 hours and quenched with water (100 mL) . The resulting mixture was filtered and the filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether /ethyl acetate (v/v) = 6/1) to give the title compound Ia-b as pale yellow oil (42 g, 41.3%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 140.1 [M] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ (ppm) 4.38 (m, 1H) , 2.80 (m, 2H) , 2.52 (m, 2H), 2.28 (m, 2H) , 2.15 (m, 2H) , 1.59 (m, 2H) .
Step 2) : (3aS, 6aR) -5-Methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2, 5-diol
To a stirred solution of methylmagnesium bromide (35.7 mL, 3 mol/L in ether, Accela ChemBio Co., Ltd. ) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) was added a solution of (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-one Ia-b (5.0 g, 0.036 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) at -20 ℃ . The mixture was stirred at -20 ℃ for 1 hour and warmed to  rt, then stirred at 65 ℃ for additional 14 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with hydrochloric acid (50 mL, 1 mol/L) and the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether /ethyl acetate (v/v) = 4/1) to give the title compound Ia-c as pale yellow oil (4.4 g, 78.3%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 156.2 [M] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 4.59 (d, 1H) , 4.39 (s, 1H) , 3.94 (m, 1H) , 2.26 (m, 2H) , 1.88 (m, 2H) , 1.66 (m, 2H) , 1.57 (m, 2H) , 1.39 (m, 2H) , 1.10 (s, 3H) .
Step 3) : (3aR, 6aS) -5-Azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol
To a stirred sulfuric acid solution (19.6 mL, 9.27 mol/L) was added sodium azide (2.56 g, 39.4 mmol, Tianjin Dongliqu Tianda Chemical Reagent Factory) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min and a solution of (3aS, 6aR) -5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2, 5-diol Ia-c (4.07 g, 26.4 mmol) in trichloromethane (10.2 mL) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 8 hours and extracted with dichloromethane (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether /ethyl acetate (v/v) = 10/1) to give the title compound Ia-d as pale yellow oil (1.9 g, 39.7%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 139.1 [M-42] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 4.50 (d, 1H) , 4.12 (m, 1H) , 2.49 (m, 2H) , 1.93 (m, 2H) , 1.81 (m, 2H) , 1.62 (m, 2H) , 1.38 (m, 2H) , 1.34 (s, 3H) .
Step 4) : (3aR, 6aS) -5-Amino-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol
To a solution of (3aR, 6aS) -5-Azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol Ia-d (1.23 g, 6.79 mmol) in methanol (41 mL) was added Pd/C (0.5 g, 10%, water content was 55% by weight , KD Chem Co., Ltd) at rt, the resulting mixture was stirred at rt under H2 atmosphere for 14 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether /ethyl acetate (v/v) = 6/1) to give the title compound Ia-e as a pale yellow solid (0.5 g, 47.6%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 155.1 [M] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 4.02 (m, 1H) , 2.95 (brs, 2H) , 2.50 (m, 2H) , 1.86  (m, 2H) , 1.66 (m, 2H) , 1.38 (m, 2H) , 1.22 (m, 2H) , 1.14 (s, 3H) .
Step 5) : (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen -2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
To a solution of (3aR, 6aS) -5-amino-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol Ia-e (900 mg, 5.8 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) were added potassium iodide (960 mg, 5.8 mmol) , potassium carbonate (800 mg, 5.8 mmol) and (2S, 4S) -1- (2-chloroacetyl) -4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile Ia-f (1.1 g, 5.8 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 8 hours and diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL) . The resulting mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (200 mL x 3) . The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate) to give the title compound Ia as a yellow solid (750 mg, 41.8%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ (ppm) 4.75 (t, 1H) , 4.30 (m, 1H) , 3.61 (t, 1H) , 3.45 (m, 1H) , 3.32 (s, 2H) , 2.63 (m, 2H) , 2.29 (m, 2H) , 2.16 (m, 2H) , 2.06 (m, 2H) , 1.95 (m, 2H) , 1.86 (m, 2H) , 1.25 (m, 2H) , 1.18 (s, 3H) .
Example 2: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000009
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (300 mg, 0.970 mmol) in ethyl acetate (5 mL) was added a solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate (0.5 mL, 1.500 mmol, 3 mol/L) at -18 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at -18 ℃ for 1 hour, then filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (2 mL) and dired in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (330 mg, 98.5 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) : δ (ppm) 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.05 (d, 1H) , 4.26 (m, 1H) , 4.06 (m, 2H) , 3.89 (m, 2H) , 2.75 (m, 2H) , 2.58 (m, 2H) , 2.28 (m, 2H) , 2.02 (m, 2H) , 1.82 (m, 2H) , 1.52 (m, 2H) , 1.45 (s, 3H) .
Example 3: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile tosilate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000010
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (200 mg, 0.647 mmol) in a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1, 12 mL) was added p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate (114 mg, 0.600 mmol) portionwise at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes, then concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent. The residue was washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL) to give the title compound as a white solid (270 mg, 86.0%, HPLC: 92.19%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 8.53 (brs, 2H) , 7.47 (d, 2H) , 7.11 (d, 2H), 5.54 (m, 1H) , 5.05 (m, 1H) , 4.58 (d, 1H) , 4.10 (m, 3H) , 3.80 (m, 2H) , 2.62 (m, 2H) , 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.27 (m, 5H) , 1.84 (m, 2H) , 1.69 (m, 2H) , 1.36 (m, 5H) .
Example 4: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile benzene sulfonate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000011
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (200 mg, 0.647 mmol) in a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1, 12 mL) was added benzene sulfonic acid (98 mg, 0.620 mmol) portionwise at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes, then concentrated in vacuo to remove the solvent. The residue was washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL) to give the title compound as a white solid (230 mg, 77.0%, HPLC: 91.08 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +;  and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 8.46 (brs, 2H) , 7.59 (m, 2H) , 7.31 (m, 3H) , 5.54 (m, 1H) , 5.05 (d, 1H) , 4.58 (d, 1H) , 4.10 (m, 3H) , 3.80 (m, 2H) , 2.62 (m, 2H) , 2.45 (m, 1H) , 2.25 (m, 2H) , 1.85 (m, 2H) , 1.68 (m, 2H) , 1.36 (m, 5H) .
Example 5: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrogen malate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000012
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (260 mg, 0.840 mmol) in a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1, 12 mL) was added malic acid (108 mg, 0.806 mmol) portionwise at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes, then filtered. The filter cake was washed with dichloromethane (2 mL) to give the title compound as a white solid (310 mg, 86.0%, HPLC: 95.09 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 5.52 (m, 1H) , 5.01 (d, 1H) , 4.05 (m, 2H) , 4.00 (m, 2H) , 3.83 (m, 2H) , 3.65 (m, 2H) , 2.55 (m, 2H) , 2.41 (m, 2H) , 2.13 (m, 2H) , 1.84 (m, 2H) , 1.55 (m, 2H) , 1.32 (m, 2H) , 1.27 (s, 3H) .
Example 6: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrogen tartrate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000013
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (260 mg, 0.840 mmol) in a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1, 12 mL) was added tartaric acid (126 mg, 0.840 mmol) portionwise at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes, then filtered. The filter cake was washed with dichloromethane (2 mL) to give the title compound as a white solid (330 mg, 85.0%, HPLC: 91.12 %) . The compound was characterized by the  following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 5.52 (m, 1H) , 4.99 (m, 1H) , 4.04 (m, 4H) , 3.75 (m, 3H) , 3.55 (m, 2H) , 2.54 (m, 2H) , 2.08 (m, 2H) , 1.85 (m, 2H) , 1.51 (m, 2H) , 1.30 (m, 2H) , 1.24 (s, 3H) .
Example 7: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile trifluoroacetate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000014
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (310 mg, 1.00 mmol) in a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1, 12 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.2 mL, 2.70 mmol) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes, then concentrated in vacuo. To the residue was added ethyl acetate (2 mL) and methyl tert-butyl ether (15 mL) . The resulting mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and filtered, then the precipitate was collected on the filter to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid (330 mg, 78.0%, HPLC: 91.97 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 8.66 (s, 2H) , 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.05 (m, 1H) , 4.10 (m, 3H), 3.86 (m, 2H) , 3.75 (m, 1H) , 2.62 (m, 2H) , 2.45 (m, 1H) , 2.27 (m, 2H) , 1.85 (m, 2H) , 1.68 (m, 2H) , 1.38 (s, 3H) , 1.34 (m, 2H) .
Example 8: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile dihydrogen phosphate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000015
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (250 mg, 0.800 mmol) in a mixture of isopropanol and dichloromethane (v/v = 1/1, 12 mL) was added phosphate acid (106  mg, 0.919 mmol, 85%) portionwise at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes, then filtered. The filter cake was washed with dichloromethane (2 mL) to give the title compound as a white solid (210 mg, 63.0%, HPLC: 90.66 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.1 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.05 (m, 1H) , 4.05 (m, 2H) , 3.75 (m, 3H) , 3.62 (m, 1H) , 2.58 (m, 2H) , 2.45 (m, 1H) , 2.13 (m, 2H) , 1.86 (m, 2H) , 1.53 (m, 2H) , 1.31 (m, 2H) , 1.28 (s, 3H) .
Example 9: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile mesylate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000016
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aS, 6aR) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro -1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (310 mg, 1.00 mmol) in a mixture of ethanol and dichloromethane (v/v = 3/20, 23 mL) was added methylsulfonic acid (106 mg, 1.10 mmol) dropwise at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes, then filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (2 mL) to give the title compound as a white solid (370 mg, 91.0%, HPLC: 92.70 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6 ) : δ (ppm) 8.58 (m, 2H) , 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.07 (d, 1H) , 4.08 (m, 3H) , 3.88 (m, 3H) , 2.64 (m, 2H) , 2.52 (m, 1H) , 2.32 (s, 3H) , 2.26 (m, 2H) , 1.85 (m, 2H) , 1.79 (m, 2H) , 1.44 (s, 3H) , 1.37 (m, 2H) .
Example 10: Compound (Ib)
(2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000018
Step 1) : (3aR, 6aS) -2, 5', 5'-Trimethylspiro [1, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydropentalene-5, 2'-1, 3-dioxane] -2-ol
To a solution of methylmagnesium bromide (120 mL, 3 mol/L in ether, Accela ChemBio Co., Ltd. ) in tetrahydrofuran (250 mL) was added a solution of (3aS, 6aR) -5', 5'-dimethylspiro [1, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydropentalene-5, 2'-1, 3-dioxane] -2-one Ib-a (28 g, 0.125 mol) in tetrahydrofuran (250 mL) dropwise at 0 ℃ over a period of 1.5 hours. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at rt and additional 15 hours at 70 ℃. The reaction mixture was cooled to -10 ℃ and quenched with water (300 mL) , the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL x 4) . The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (300 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by re-crystallization from n-hexane to give the title compound Ib-b as a white solid (23.15 g, 77.1%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 240.2 [M] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ (ppm) 3.39 (s, 2H) , 3.37 (s, 2H) , 2.33 (m, 2H) , 2.13 (m, 2H) , 1.61 (m, 4H) , 1.47 (m, 2H) , 1.12 (s, 3H) , 0.87 (s, 6H) .
Step 2) : (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydropentalene-2-one
A mixture of (3aR, 6aS) -2, 5', 5'-trimethylspiro [1, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydropentalene -5,2'-1, 3-dioxane] -2-ol Ib-b (31 g, 0.130 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (4 g, 0.021 mol) in an acetone-water mixture (v/v = 25/2, 270 mL) was stirred at rt for 15 hours, and then sodium bicarbonate (6 g, 71.4 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (50 mL) and the resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether /ethyl acetate (v/v) = 6/1) to give the title compound Ib-c as yellow liquid (19.13 g, 95.4%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 154.1 [M] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 2.89 (m, 2H) , 2.52 (m, 2H) , 2.26 (m, 2H) , 1.98 (m, 2H) , 1.65 (m, 2H) , 1.57 (s, 1H) , 1.36 (s, 3H) .
Step 3) : (3aS, 6aR) -5-Methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2, 5-diol
To a stirred solution of (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-5-methyl-1, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a -hexahydropentalene-2-one Ib-c (19.13 g, 0.124 mol) in ethyl acetate (300 mL) was added lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride (41.0 g, 0.162 mol, Beijing Ouhe Technology co., Ltd) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 20 minutes, then stirred overnight at rt. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 ℃ and quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (80 mL) . The resulting mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (200 mL x 3) . The filtrate was partitioned. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound Ib-d as a white solid (19.0 g, 98.1%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 156.2 [M] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 4.59 (d, 1H) , 4.39 (s, 1H) , 3.94 (m, 1H), 2.26 (m, 2H) , 1.88 (m, 2H) , 1.66 (m, 2H) , 1.57 (m, 2H) , 1.39 (m, 2H) , 1.10 (s, 3H) .
Step 4) : (3aR, 6aS) -5-Azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2-ol
To a stirred concentrated sulfuric acid (19.6 mL, 9.27 mol/L) was added sodium azide (2.56 g, 39.4 mmol, Tianjin Dongliqu Tianda Chemical Reagent Factory) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 minutes and a solution of (3aS, 6aR) -5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2, 5-diol Ib-d (4.1 g, 26.3 mmol) in trichloromethane (50 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 8 hours and cooled to 0 ℃ in an ice-water  bath. The resulting mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether /ethyl acetate (v/v) = 10/1) to give the title compound Ib-e as yellow oil (1.9 g, 39.8%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 139.1 [M-42] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ(ppm) 4.50 (d, 1H) , 4.12 (m, 1H) , 2.49 (m, 2H) , 1.93 (m, 2H) , 1.81 (m, 2H) , 1.62 (m, 2H) , 1.38 (m, 2H) , 1.34 (s, 3H) .
Step 5) : [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2-yl] 4-nitrobenzoate
To a stirred solution of (3aR, 6aS) -5-azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalene-2-ol Ib-e (6.21 g, 34.3 mmol) , p-nitrobenzoic acid (22.9 g, 137 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (35.9 g, 137 mmol, Shanghai Hongrui Chemical Technology Co. , Ltd) in tetrahydrofuran (500 mL) was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (27.7 g, 137 mmol, Shanghai Hongrui Chemical Technology Co., Ltd) while maintaining the temperature below 10 ℃. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt overnight and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (300 mL) , and the mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether /ethyl acetate (v/v) = 12/1) to give the title compound Ib-f as a yellow solid (6.82 g, 60.2%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 331.1 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ (ppm) 8.35 (d, 2H) , 8.18 (d, 2H) , 5.48 (m, 1H) , 2.82 (m, 2H) , 2.04 (m, 4H) , 1.83 (m, 2 H) , 1.45 (m, 2H) , 1.40 (s, 3H) .
Step 6) : (3aR, 6aS) -5-Azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol
To a solution of [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H -pentalene-2-yl] 4-nitrobenzoate Ib-f (6.72 g, 20.3 mmol) in a methanol-dichloromethane mixture (100 mL, v/v = 3/1) was added potassium carbonate (3.09 g, 22.4 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (petroleum ether /ethyl acetate (v/v) = 6/1) to give the title compound Ib-g as colorless oil (2.76 g, 75.0%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: GC-MS m/z (EI) : 181.1 [M] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) : δ (ppm) 4.34 (m, 1H) , 2.77 (m, 2H) , 2.04 (m, 2H) , 1.81 (m, 2H) , 1.71 (m, 2H) , 1.61 (m, 2H) , 1.39 (s, 3H) .
Step 7) : (3aS, 6aR) -5-Amino-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol
To a solution of (3aR, 6aS) -5-azido-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol Ib-g (1.23 g, 6.79 mmol) in methanol (100 mL) was added Pd/C (0.53 g, 10%, water content was 55% by weight , KD Chem Co. , Ltd) , and the resulting mixture was stirred under H2 atomosphere for 14 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate /methanol (v/v) = 10/1) to give the title compound Ib-h as a pale yellow solid (0.67 g, 63.5%, HPLC: 97.0%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD-d4) : δ (ppm) 4.29 (m, 1H) , 2.80 (m, 2H) , 1.81 (m, 2H) , 1.68 (m, 2H) , 1.56 (m, 2H) , 1.24 (m, 2H) , 1.20 (s, 3H) .
Step 8) : (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen -2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
To a solution of (3aS, 6aR) -5-amino-5-methyl-2, 3, 3a, 4, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-ol Ib-h (1.52 g, 9.68 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (100 mL) were added potassium iodide (0.16 g, 0.97 mmol) , potassium carbonate (6.72 g, 48.39 mmol) and (2S, 4S) -1- (2-chloroacetyl) -4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile Ia-f (1.84 g, 9.68 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 14 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL) . The mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (100 mL) . The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane /methanol (v/v) = 20/1) to give the title compound Ib as a yellow solid (1.71 g, 57.2%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 5.55 (m, 1H) , 4.96 (d, 1H) , 4.37 (m, 1H) , 4.16 (m, 1H) , 4.09 (m, 1H) , 3.97 (dd, 1H) , 3.79 (m, 1H), 3.41 (m, 1H) , 3.17 (m, 2H) , 2.61 (m, 2H) , 1.88 (m, 2H) , 1.50 (m, 2H) , 1.45 (m, 2H) , 1.24 (m, 1H) , 1.04 (s, 3H) , 1.01 (m, 2H) .
Example 11: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrochloride
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000019
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (300 mg, 0.97 mmol) in ethyl acetate (5 mL) was added a solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid (1.5 mmol, 0.13 mL) in ethyl acetate (0.37 mL) at -20 ℃ . The resulting mixture was stirred at -20 ℃ for 1 hour, then filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (2 mL) and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (0.150 g, 27.0 %, HPLC: 95.35%) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 8.76 (s, 2H) , 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.07 (d, 1H) , 4.21 (m, 1H) , 4.10 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.76 (m, 2H) , 2.79 (m, 2H) , 2.52 (m, 1H) , 2.49 (m, 1H) , 2.30 (m, 2H) , 1.64 (m, 2H) , 1.48 (m, 2H) , 1.38 (s, 3H) , 1.34 (m, 2H) .
Example 12: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile tosilate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000020
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (50 mg, 0.162 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 1/1, 1.00 mL) was added p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate (31.00 mg, 0.162 mmol) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at rt, then concentrated in vauco. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (2 mL) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as white power (83.50 mg, 100.0 %, HPLC: 98.9 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 8.54 (brs, 2H) , 7.47 (d, 2H) , 7.10 (d, 2H), 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.05 (d, 1H) , 4.20 (m, 1H) , 4.15-4.02 (m, 2H) , 3.86-3.83 (m, 1H) , 3.76 (m,  1H), 2.77 (m, 2H) , 2.53 (m, 1H) , 2.49 (m, 1H) , 2.28 (s, 3H) , 2.25 (m, 2H) , 1.65 (m, 2H) , 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.34 (m, 5H) .
Example 13: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile benzene sulfonate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000021
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (50.00 mg, 0.162 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 1/1, 1.00 mL) was added benzene sulfonic acid (28.21 mg, 0.162 mmol) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at rt, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (0.5 mL) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as white power (78.00 mg, 100.0 %, HPLC: 94.5 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 8.62 (d, 1H) , 8.53 (d, 1H) , 7.59 (m, 2H) , 7.31 (m, 3H), 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.06 (d, 1H) , 4.21 (m, 1H) , 4.16-4.07 (m, 2H) , 3.86 (m, 2H) , 3.75 (m, 1H) , 2.76 (m, 2H) , 2.53 (m, 1H) , 2.40 (m, 1H) , 2.26 (m, 2H) , 1.64 (m, 2H) , 1.49 (m, 2H) , 1.39-1.34 (m, 5H) .
Example 14: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrogen malate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000022
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (50 mg, 0.162 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 1/1, 1.00 mL) was added a solution of DL-malic acid (22.00 mg, 0.162 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 1/1,  0.50 mL) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 2 hours, then concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as white power (74.00 mg, 100.0 %, HPLC: 98.0 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.01 (d, 1H) , 4.38 (brs, 1H) , 4.18 (m, 1H) , 4.05 (m, 1H) , 3.83-3.73 (m, 2H) , 3.69-3.53 (m, 2H) , 3.43 (m, 2H) , 2.69 (m, 2H) , 2.59 (m, 2H) , 2.48 (m, 1H) , 2.08 (m, 2H) , 1.59 (m, 2H) , 1.47 (m, 2H) , 1.23-1.20 (m, 5H) .
Example 15: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H -pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile hydrogen tartrate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000023
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (50 mg, 0.162 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 1/1, 1.00 mL) was added a solution of tartaric acid (24.30 mg, 0.162 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 1/1, 0.50 mL) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at rt, then filtered. The filter cake was washed with a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 1/1, 1.00 mL) and dired in vacuo to give the title compound as white power (77.00 mg, 100.0 %, HPLC: 98.8 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.01 (d, 1H) , 4.19 (m, 1H) , 4.05-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.66 (m, 2H) , 3.52-3.41 (m, 2H) , 2.67 (m, 2H) , 2.50-2.30 (m, 1H) , 2.07 (m, 2H) , 1.58 (m, 2H) , 1.47 (m, 2H) , 1.23-1.13 (m, 5H) .
Example 16: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile trifluoroacetate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000024
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (50 mg, 0.162 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.00 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.02 mL, 0.162 mmol) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at rt, then concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as white power (50.00 mg, 74.0 %, HPLC: 98.5 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 5.55 (m, 1H) , 5.05 (d, 1H) , 4.39 (d, 1H) , 4.20 (m, 1H) , 4.17-4.01 (m, 1H) , 3.81 (m, 1H) , 3.71 (m, 1H) , 3.60 (m, 1H) , 2.70 (m, 2H) , 2.46 (m, 1H) , 2.12 (m, 2H) , 1.60 (m, 2H), 1.47 (m, 2H) , 1.30-1.20 (m, 5H) .
Example 17: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile dihydrogen phosphate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000025
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (50 mg, 0.162 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 1/1, 1.00 mL) was added phosphoric acid (0.01 mL, 0.162 mmol) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at rt, then concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as white power (77.00 mg, 100.0 %, HPLC: 98.8 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 5.55 (m, 1H) , 4.97 (d, 1H) , 4.17 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.94 (m, 2H) , 3.80-3.60 (m, 2H) , 2.65 (m, 2H) , 2.46 (m, 1H) , 2.43 (m, 1H) , 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 2H) , 1.46 (m, 2H) , 1.22-1.15 (m, 5H) .
Example 18: (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile mesylate
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000026
To a solution of (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [ (3aR, 6aS) -5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a -hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fluoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (50 mg, 0.162 mmol) in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol (v/v = 6/1, 1.00 mL) was added methylsulfonic acid (0.01 mL, 0.162 mmol) at rt. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at rt, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with dichloromethane (0.5 mL) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as white power (70.00 mg, 100.0 %, HPLC: 98.1 %) . The compound was characterized by the following spectroscopic data: MS m/z (ESI) : 310.2 [M+1] +; and 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ (ppm) 8.62 (d, 1H) , 8.53 (d, 1H) , 5.55 (m, 1H), 5.07 (d, 1H) , 4.21 (m, 1H) , 4.15 (m, 2H) , 3.87 (m, 1H) , 3.76 (m, 1H) , 2.77 (m, 2H) , 2.53 (m, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H) , 2.29 (m, 3H) , 1.65 (m, 2H) , 1.45 (m, 2H) , 1.37-1.29 (m, 5H) .
TEST EXAMPLES
1.Stablity of Compound (Ia) and Salts thereof
a.Content determination method
Octadecyl silane chemically bonded silica was used as bulking agent, and aqueous dipotassium phosphate (0.01M, pH 8.0) -acetonitrile (90: 10) was used as the mobile phase, the test samples were eluted in gradient mode and the detection wavelenghth of 210 nm was chosen. Appropriate amount of test samples (the compounds prepared from examples 2-9 and 11-18) were dissolved in water-acetonitrile (70: 30) , test sample solutions of 1 mg test sample/mL were obtained respectively. 5 μL of test sample solution was taken and injected into the liquid chromatograph. Chromatograph chart was recorded, and the content of the test sample was calculated by peak area normalization method.
Gradient elution conditions were shown in table 2.
Table 2
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000028
b.Determination results
The stabilities of different types of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compound (Ia) under different conditions were shown in table 3.
Table 3
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000029
Conclusion: The stability test results above showed that the stabilities of hydrochloride, dihydrogen phosphate and tosilate of compound (Ia) were satisfying. The contents of hydrochloride, dihydrogen phosphate and tosilate didn’t decrease after three months at the condition of 40 ℃ /RH75%, while content of compound (Ia) significantly decreased from 97.2% to 96.2% after three months at the condition of 40 ℃ /RH75%. Therefore, the stabilities of hydrochloride, dihydrogen phosphate and tosilate of compound (Ia) were better than compound (Ia) .
2.The effects of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compound (Ia) on blood glucose in normal C57BL/6 mice
Test purpose:
The effects of test compounds and Sitagliptin on blood glucose in normal C57BL/6  mice were detected to provide a theoretical basis for DPP-IV inhibitor screening in vivo.
Test method:
70 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into ten groups. All groups were fasted for 18 hours and basic blood glucose of each group was measured before administering. All groups were respectively administered with the compounds of examples 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and Sitagliptin (each at a dose of 5mg/kg of body weight) , and normal saline by gavage. The blood glucose level of the Sitagliptin group was measured at 60 min (point 0) after administration, and the blood glucose levels of other groups were measured at 30 min (point 0) after administration. After the blood glucose level of each group at point 0 was measured, glucose (2.5 g/kg) was administered immediately to each group by gavage. The blood samples were collected from tail vein at the time point of 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 120 min after gavage-administration of glucose, and the glucose levels of each group were continually measured by glucose meter.
Data processing and statistic analysis:
1.Blood glucose concentration-time curves were plotted, AUC 0-120 min and hypoglycemic rate of each dosage group at the peak of blood glucose were calculated.
2.Experimental data were expressed as
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000030
and the data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 statistical analysis software. First, the data were checked for normal distribution and homoscedasticity. For the data showing normal distribution (P>0.20) and homoscedasticity (P>0.10) , LSD method for multiple comparisons among groups was used in One-Way Anova, and data had statistical significance when P<0.05. For the data not showing normal distribution and homoscedasticity, Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for multiple comparisons among groups, and if the results of the Kruskal-Wallis H test were significant (P<0.05) , the data were transformed to rank and multiple comparisons between two groups were carried out, and data had statistical significance when P<0.05.
The test results were shown in table 4:
Table 4 The hypoglycemic effects of acid addition salts of examples in the invention
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000032
Conclusion: It was shown that the acid addition salts of the invention had good hypoglycemic effects on normal C57BL/6 mice, especially, the hypoglycemic action of hydrochloride (example 2) , dihydrogen phosphate (example 8) and mesylate (example 9) were more significant compared to other salts.
3.Pharmacokinetics assay of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound (Ia)
Test purpose:
Male SD rats were administered with compounds of examples 2-9 by intravenous and gavage independently, and the concentrations of the compounds in the plasma of SD rats were measured. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and bioavailabilities of the compounds of examples 2-9 in SD rats were investigated.
Test method:
48 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into eight groups so that each group consisted of 6 rats. All groups were fasted for 15 hours before administration, free drinking, and fed at 4 hours after administration. Each group was administered with compounds of examples 2-9 by intravenous (2 mg/kg) and gavage (5 mg/kg) independently, and the blood samples were collected from tail vein at the time point of 0.083 h, 0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 24h after administration. The blood samples collected at each time point were independently placed in K2EDTA anticoagulation tube and preserved in an incubator with ice packs. The plasma of each blood sample above was separated by centrifugation at 10000 rpm at 4 ℃ for 2 min in 60 minutes after collection. The plasma samples were preserved at -80 ℃ until being measured. The prepared plasma samples were treated by organic solvent precipitation, and measured by LC-MS/MS (Agilent Technologies 6430) to obtain the concentrations of the compounds of examples 2-9 in the plasma samples, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartment model method using WinNonlin 6.1 software.
Table 5 The results of pharmacokinetic parameters of acid addition salts in examples 
Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-000033
Conclusion: the acid addition salts of examples 2-9 had good pharmacokinetic characteristics. Especially, compared to compound (Ia) of example 1, the pharmacokinetic properties of dihydrogen phosphate of example 8 had significantly improved and bioavailability had greatly increased. Therefore, the dihydrogen phosphate of example 8 had significant advantage on pharmacokinetic properties.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” , “an embodiment” , “some embodiments” , “explanatory embodiment” , “an example” , “a specific example” or “some examples” , means that a particular feature, structure, material or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases such as “in some embodiments” , “in one embodiment” , “in an embodiment” , “in another example” , “in an example” , “in a specific examples” , or “in some examples” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment or example of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can integrate and combine different embodiments, examples or the features of them as long as they are not contradictory to one another.
Although explanatory embodiments have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments can not be construed to limit  the present disclosure, and changes, alternatives, and modifications can be made in the embodiments without departing from spirit, principles and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (14)

  1. An acid addition salt of the compound having Formula (I) named (2S, 4S) -1- [2- [ [5-hydroxy-2-methyl-3, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 6a-hexahydro-1H-pentalen-2-yl] amino] acetyl] -4-fl uoro-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile or a stereoisomer thereof,
    Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-100001
  2. The acid addition salt according to claim 1, wherein the stereoisomer of the compound of Formula (I) has Formula (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ic) or (Id) :
    Figure PCTCN2015074520-appb-100002
  3. The acid addition salt according to claim 2, wherein the stereoisomer of the compound of Formula (I) has Formula (Ia) .
  4. The acid addition salt according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the acid addition salt is an inorganic acid addition salt derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid addition salt derived from an organic acid.
  5. The acid addition salt according to claim 4, wherein the inorganic acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfate, sulfurous acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid, and wherein the organic acid is selected from methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, citric acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, lactose acid, oxalic acid and trifluoroacetic  acid.
  6. A method for preparing the acid addition salt of any one of claims 1-5 comprising reacting the compound of Formula (I) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ic) or (Id) with an acid in an organic solvent, wherein the acid is an inorganic acid or an organic acid.
  7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the organic solvent is selected from an alcohol, an ester, a haloalkane, tetrahydrofuran, or a combination thereof; wherein the alcohol is selected from methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol and n-butanol, wherein the ester is selected form ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and n-butyl acetate, wherein the haloalkane is selected from dichloromethane, chloroform and 1, 2-dichloroethane, and wherein the combination is selected from methanol/dichloromethane, ethanol/dichloromethane, i-propanol/dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran/dichloromethane.
  8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the acid addition salt according to any one of claims 1-5, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, diluent, adjuvant, vehicle or a combination thereof.
  9. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 8 further comprising an additional therapeutic agent, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is an anti-diabetic agent other than a DPP-IV inhibitor, an antihyperglycemic agent, an anti-obesity agent, an antihypertensive agent, an antiplatelet agent, an antiatherosclerotic agent, a lipid-lowering agent, an anti-inflammatory or a combination thereof.
  10. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 9, wherein the anti-diabetic agent other than a DPP-IV inhibitor or antihyperglycemic agent is a biguanide, a sulfonylurea, a glucosidase inhibitor, a PPAR agonist, an αP2 inhibitor, a PPARα/γ dual agonist, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, a glinide, insulin, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, a PTP1B inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a glucose-6-phosphatase inhibitor or a combination thereof;
    wherein the lipid-lowering agent is an MTP inhibitor, an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, a squalene synthase inhibitor, a fibric acid derivative, an ACAT inhibitor, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, an ileal Na (+) /bile acid cotransporter inhibitor, an upregulator of LDL receptor activity, niacin or a derivative thereof, bile acid sequestrant or a combination thereof.
  11. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 10, wherein the lipid-lowering agent is lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin or  a combination thereof.
  12. Use of the acid addition salt according to any one of claims 1-5 or the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 8-11 in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting DPP-IV activity, preventing or treating a disease, lessening the symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression or onset of the disease or increasing HDL level, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
  13. A method for inhibiting DPP-IV activity, preventing or treating a disease, lessening the symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression or onset of the disease or increasing HDL level, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the acid addition salt according to any one of claims 1-5 or the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
  14. The acid addition salt according to any one of claims 1-5 or the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 8-11 for use in inhibiting DPP-IV activity, preventing or treating a disease, lessening the symptoms of the disease, delaying the progression or onset of the disease or increasing HDL level, wherein the disease is diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, elevated blood level of fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, syndrome X, diabetic complication, atherosclerosis, hypertension, acute anemia or neutropenia.
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