WO2015139265A1 - 一种血涂片的干燥方法、装置及推片机 - Google Patents

一种血涂片的干燥方法、装置及推片机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015139265A1
WO2015139265A1 PCT/CN2014/073774 CN2014073774W WO2015139265A1 WO 2015139265 A1 WO2015139265 A1 WO 2015139265A1 CN 2014073774 W CN2014073774 W CN 2014073774W WO 2015139265 A1 WO2015139265 A1 WO 2015139265A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drying
blood smear
blood
gas
working chamber
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PCT/CN2014/073774
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张良
李学荣
向愿
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深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司
Priority to CN201910194950.5A priority Critical patent/CN109855937B/zh
Priority to CN201480074073.3A priority patent/CN105940290B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2014/073774 priority patent/WO2015139265A1/zh
Publication of WO2015139265A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015139265A1/zh
Priority to US15/271,097 priority patent/US10571370B2/en
Priority to US16/665,543 priority patent/US11454575B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/2813—Producing thin layers of samples on a substrate, e.g. smearing, spinning-on
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
    • G01N1/31—Apparatus therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of medical detection technology, and in particular, to a method and a device for drying a blood smear of a tablet press.
  • the blood smear needs to be sufficiently dried before dyeing, otherwise the blood film carried on the smear may fall off during dyeing.
  • the drying method adopted by most of the pushers on the market is to naturally dry the blood smears. Since the speed of natural air drying is slow, when the blood smear is air-dried, a plurality of blood smears are generally buffered and air-dried together so that each blood smear has sufficient drying time.
  • this drying method not only requires a long drying time, but also needs to buffer a plurality of blood smears for drying.
  • the blood smears are large, it is easy to dry the blood smear of the first sheet for air drying. It is too long, and when the tablet machine malfunctions, all the cached blood smears will be destroyed, which will easily cause waste of blood smears.
  • Another common drying method is to use an electric fan to inhale to accelerate drying. This method overcomes the shortcomings of the natural air drying method.
  • the application provides a method, a device and a tableting machine for drying a blood smear, which can not only reduce the drying time and the number of buffers of the blood smear, but also improve the dry quality of the blood smear and reduce the probability of deformation when the blood film is dry. .
  • the present application provides a method for drying a blood smear comprising: using a dry gas as a drying medium for a blood smear; flowing the drying medium over the surface of the blood film on the blood smear to complete the blood smear dry.
  • the present application provides a blood smear drying device comprising: an air inlet and a working chamber; the air inlet is for inputting a dry gas; the working chamber is for inserting a blood smear to be dried, the working chamber
  • the air inlet and the air outlet are included, the air inlet is introduced into the working chamber through the air inlet of the working chamber, and the air inlet and the air outlet of the working chamber are disposed at a position such that the formed air flow is coated along the dried blood.
  • the film's blood film expands in the direction of development.
  • the application provides a tablet pushing machine, comprising: a dyeing module for dyeing a blood smear; a pushing module for preparing a blood smear; and a blood smear drying device for drying Blood smear.
  • the application uses the dried dry gas as a drying medium for the blood smear, which greatly reduces the drying time.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for drying a blood smear according to Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a drying medium according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a drying apparatus for a blood smear according to a second embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the drying device of the blood smear
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a drying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the drying gas is used as a drying medium for the blood smear, and the drying gas is passed into the blood smear to carry out the drying working chamber, so that the dry airflow takes away the moisture in the blood film on the blood smear to achieve the purpose of drying.
  • the drying time is nearly one tenth of the natural drying time, which is one third of the drying time of the electric fan.
  • the cell morphology was deformed during the microscopic examination.
  • the inventors found that the cell morphological deformation was caused by the fact that the blood film was more pre-dried. Weak, the cells will deform under the action of the disordered airflow of the electric fan. Further, the inventors have found that if the airflow flows in the unfolding direction of the blood film, the cell morphology of the blood film is little or substantially unchanged by the air flow.
  • a drying gas is used as a drying medium for the blood smear, and the airflow formed by the drying medium is applied to the blood smear along the blood smear when the drying medium is passed through the blood smear for drying the working chamber.
  • the film is spread in the unfolding direction to complete the drying of the blood smear.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for drying a blood smear according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method for drying a blood smear of the present application may include the following steps:
  • Dry gas is used as a drying medium for blood smears.
  • the blood smear is dried by using a dry atmospheric gas as a drying medium.
  • the drying gas of the present application can be obtained directly by filtering and drying the atmospheric gas, or can be obtained by the following method, as shown in FIG. 2:
  • the high pressure gas can be supplied from a gas source.
  • an air filter or the like can be used to remove most of the liquid water and dust in the high-pressure gas, and then filter out most of the gaseous water through the drying box to become a dry high-pressure gas having a very low dew point.
  • the pressure of the dried high pressure gas is adjusted to atmospheric pressure to obtain a dry gas as a drying medium.
  • the pressure regulating valve of the dry high-pressure gas is adjusted to atmospheric pressure to obtain a dry atmospheric gas, and as a drying medium, the relative humidity of the drying medium can be further reduced.
  • the high pressure gas with a pressure of three times atmospheric pressure is pressure-regulated, and the atmospheric pressure gas is obtained by depressurization to obtain a standard atmospheric pressure, and the relative humidity of the atmospheric pressure gas is one third of the relative humidity of the original high pressure gas.
  • the step of the embodiment of the present application can heat the dried atmospheric gas by using a heating device to obtain a preheated drying medium.
  • the pre-heated drying medium flows along the unfolding direction of the blood film on the blood smear. Specifically, the drying medium is passed into the working chamber of the blood smear for drying. When the blood smear is inserted into the working chamber, the drying medium forms an air flow between the blood smear and the working chamber wall, and the air inlet and the outlet of the working chamber are set, so that The airflow formed by the drying medium flows along the unfolding direction of the blood film on the blood smear, and the blood film is dried from the front side of the blood smear.
  • the liquid water in the high-pressure gas is removed first, then the gaseous water is removed, and finally the three treatment steps are stepped down to obtain a dry gas having a very low humidity, and the dry gas is used as a drying medium for the blood smear, which is greatly improved.
  • the drying time of the blood smear is greatly improved.
  • the dry gas flow comes into contact with the blood film, it flows along the unfolding direction of the blood film, that is, the flow direction of the air flow is consistent with the unfolding direction of the blood film, and according to experiments, the blood film can be used in this way.
  • Fully drying does not cause the blood cell cells to deform, improve the dry quality of the blood smear, and improve the subsequent microscopic examination.
  • heating the drying medium before the dry gas stream contacts the blood film is beneficial to speed up the drying process.
  • the flow rate and flow rate of the gas are adjusted, so that the gas reaches a proper flow rate, and a micro airflow is formed, so that the micro airflow sweeps across the surface of the blood film along the direction of the blood film deployment.
  • the blood film supplies heat and takes away the vaporized moisture.
  • drying gas stream may not be preheated prior to drying the blood film. If the effect on the morphology of the blood cell is not considered, the direction of the airflow can be undefined.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the blood smear drying apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • the blood smear drying apparatus of the embodiment of the present application may include : The intake port 50, the preheating duct 51, the working chamber 52, and the heating device 53.
  • the intake port 50 is for inputting a dry gas
  • the preheating duct 51 is in communication with the intake port 50 for providing a flow passage and a heating place for the dry gas.
  • the heating device 53 is attached to the wall of the preheating duct 51 or located in the preheating duct 51 for heating the drying gas flowing through the preheating duct 51.
  • the heating device 53 may be a heating sheet, a heating film or a heating wire.
  • the working chamber 52 is used for inserting a blood smear to be dried.
  • the working chamber 52 includes an air flow inlet 520 and an air flow outlet 521.
  • the air flow inlet 520 of the working chamber communicates with the air flow outlet 501 of the preheating air passage 51 for heating.
  • the drying gas is introduced into the working chamber 52, and the airflow inlet 520 and the airflow outlet 521 of the working chamber 52 are disposed such that the formed airflow flows in the direction in which the blood smears of the dried blood smear are deployed.
  • preheating duct 51 and working chamber 52 are formed by first cavity wall 510, second cavity wall 511, and third cavity wall 512.
  • the preheating duct 51 may also be a cavity that surrounds the outer circumference of the working chamber 52 in a spiral manner.
  • the communication portion of the preheating duct 51 with the intake port 50 and the communication portion with the working chamber 52 are at both ends of the preheating duct 51 to ensure that the airflow is preheated in the preheating duct 51 for a sufficient time.
  • the arrow on the preheating duct 51 in Fig. 3 indicates the flow direction of the drying medium. Since the blood smear is inserted into the working chamber 52 from top to bottom in this embodiment, the blood film on the blood smear is expanded from top to bottom. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the drying medium flows when passing through the surface of the blood smear. The direction should also be from top to bottom, the air flow inlet of the working chamber 52 is disposed at the upper portion of the working chamber 52, and the air flow outlet is disposed at the lower portion of the working chamber 52.
  • the flow direction of the drying medium when passing through the surface of the blood smear is also The bottom portion of the working chamber 52 is disposed at a lower portion of the working chamber 52, and the air outlet is disposed at an upper portion of the working chamber 52.
  • the position and manner of the airflow inlet and the airflow outlet of the working chamber 52 of the present application can be set according to the placement requirements of the blood smear. This embodiment is not limited to the description.
  • the axial direction of the airflow inlet of the working chamber 52 is less than 90 degrees from the blood smear.
  • the blood membrane is weaker before drying, and the flow of air generated by the electric fan is multi-directional. If the airflow blows through the blood smear in a direction perpendicular to the blood smear, the cells will occur under the action of the electric fan airflow. Deformation. Therefore, the axial direction of the airflow inlet 520 of the working chamber 52 of the apparatus of the embodiment is less than 90 degrees with the blood smear, so that the airflow does not blow the blood smear in the vertical direction, and the blood film deformation on the blood smear is reduced. possibility.
  • the drying device may further include: a heating controller and a temperature sensor (not shown) disposed in the preheating duct, the output of the temperature sensor being coupled to the heating controller, the heating controller being The temperature in the preheating air duct induced by the temperature sensor controls the on and off of the heating device and the power source.
  • the heating controller controls the heating device to be powered off, when the preheating air passage is used.
  • the heating controller controls the heating means to be energized, thereby maintaining the preheating duct 51 and the working chamber 52 at a constant temperature.
  • the apparatus of this embodiment may further include an insulation layer 54 which is wrapped around the preheating duct 51, the heating device 53 and the working chamber 52, and the heat insulating layer 54 is a layer of poor heat conductive material to prevent the preheating duct 51 and the working chamber.
  • the outward heat dissipation of 52 facilitates maintaining the preheating duct 51 and the working chamber 52 at a constant temperature.
  • the blood smear drying apparatus may further include a temperature protection switch mounting piece 57 and a temperature protection switch 58.
  • the temperature protection switch 58 is disposed on the blood smear drying device casing through the temperature protection switch mounting piece 57.
  • the temperature protection switch 58 is connected in series between the temperature sensor and the power source, and when the temperature sensor fails, the blood smear drying device is powered off. Thus protecting the blood smear from being overheated.
  • the temperature protection switch 58 can be, for example, a fuse.
  • both sides of the blood smear are in contact with the two sides of the working cavity, in order to prevent wear on both sides of the working cavity on both sides of the blood smear, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG.
  • guide grooves 55 are provided at the sides of the working chamber 52 contacting the blood smear 56, and the guide grooves 55 are made of a wear resistant material.
  • the blood smear 56 is only in contact with the guide groove 55 when inserted, so that the working cavity insertion opening can be ensured to wear, and the problem that the entire cavity is made of wear-resistant material and difficult to process can be solved.
  • the air inlet 50 is provided with a damper tube, and the damper tube is provided with a pressure sensor, which can adjust the gas flow rate and flow rate of the drying medium according to the air pressure of the air inlet sensed by the pressure sensor, so as to enter the preheating
  • the air duct is a micro airflow to further reduce the effect of airflow on the cells in the blood film.
  • the drying device for the blood smear uses a drying gas as a drying medium for the blood smear, and the introduced drying gas can be heated and maintained at a preset temperature through the heating device, and the airflow inlet through the working chamber and The air outlet is arranged such that the drying medium flows along the unfolding direction of the blood film of the blood smear, so that the blood smear can be sufficiently dried without deforming the blood film cells, and the dry quality of the blood smear is improved.
  • the drying medium is first heated and maintained at a preset temperature, the airflow flowing through the blood film is maintained at a certain temperature, and on the other hand, the drying progress is accelerated by the constant temperature air flow, and on the other hand, the entire The working chamber is also kept at a constant temperature, and the working chamber wall additionally increases the heat radiation effect on the blood film, further accelerating the drying progress.
  • the above drying device can be used in a tablet pusher.
  • the tablet pusher includes a dyeing module, a pusher module, and a blood smear drying device.
  • the staining module is used to dye the blood smear
  • the pusher module is used to make a blood smear.
  • a blood smear drying device is used to dry the blood smear.
  • the pusher may further include a high pressure gas source providing module for providing a dry, and the air inlet of the pusher is in communication with the air outlet of the air supply module 63.
  • the pusher provided by the embodiment of the present application increases the blood smear drying device, uses the heating device to heat the introduced dry gas and maintains the preset temperature, and sets the airflow inlet and the airflow outlet through the working chamber.
  • the drying medium can be caused to flow along the unfolding direction of the blood film of the blood smear, so that the blood smear can be sufficiently dried without deforming the blood cell, and the dry quality of the blood smear can be improved.

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Abstract

一种血涂片的干燥方法、装置及推片机，在干燥血涂片时，将干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质，对血涂片上血膜进行干燥，从而可以减少血涂片的干燥时间和缓存数量。其中，干燥介质可以由以下方法得到：先除去高压气体中的液态水，再过滤掉气态水，最后将高压气体降压为常压气体，得到相对湿度更低的干燥介质。同时，提供另一优选的实施方式，对干燥介质进行加热，加热后的干燥介质相对湿度进一步降低。为了使血膜细胞不产生形变，优选地可以将加热后的干燥介质沿血涂片上血膜的展开方向流过，从而可以对血涂片进行充分干燥，减少血膜干燥时产生形变的几率，提升血涂片的干燥质量。

Description

一种血涂片的干燥方法、装置及推片机 技术领域
本申请涉及医疗检测技术领域，尤其涉及一种推片机血涂片的干燥方法及装置。
 背景技术
现有技术中，血涂片在染色前需要充分干燥，否则涂片上承载的血膜在染色时会脱落。
目前，市面上大多推片机所采用的干燥方法是对血涂片进行自然风干。而由于自然风干的速度较慢，在对血涂片进行风干时，一般将多片血涂片进行缓存，一并进行风干，以使得每一片血涂片有足够的干燥时间。但是，这种干燥方法，不但需要的干燥时间长，而且需要缓存多片血涂片进行干燥，在缓存的血涂片较多时，容易使第一片进行缓存风干的血涂片干燥的时间会过长，并且当推片机出现故障时，会使全部缓存的血涂片一并损毁，容易造成血涂片的浪费。另一种常用的干燥方法是利用电风扇吸气来加速干燥，这种方法克服了自然风干方法的不足。
 发明内容
本申请提供一种血涂片的干燥方法、装置及推片机，不但可以减少血涂片的干燥时间和缓存数量，还可以提升血涂片的干燥质量，减少血膜干燥时产生形变的几率。
本申请提供一种血涂片的干燥方法，包括：采用干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质；将所述干燥介质在所述血涂片上血膜的表面流过，完成对血涂片的干燥。
本申请提供一种血涂片干燥装置，包括：进气口和工作腔；所述进气口用于输入干燥气体；所述工作腔用于插设待干燥的血涂片，所述工作腔包括气流入口和气流出口，所述进气口将干燥气体通过工作腔的气流入口导入工作腔，工作腔的所述气流入口和所述气流出口的设置位置使得形成的气流沿着被干燥血涂片的血膜展开方向流过。
本申请提供一种推片机，包括：染色模块，用于对血涂片进行染色；推片模块，用于制作血涂片；还包括：以上所述的血涂片干燥装置，用于干燥血涂片。
本申请采用加热后的干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质，大大减少了干燥时间。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例一的血涂片的干燥方法的流程图；
图2为本申请实施例干燥介质的获得方法流程图；
图3为本申请实施例二的血涂片的干燥装置的剖视图；
图4为血涂片的干燥装置的侧视图；
图5为本申请一种实施例的干燥装置的立体示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本申请采用干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质，将干燥气体通入血涂片进行干燥的工作腔，使干燥气流带走血涂片上血膜中的湿分，达到干燥的目的。实验显示，采用干燥气体对血涂片进行干燥时，干燥时间为自然干燥时间的近十分之一，为电风扇干燥时间的三分之一。
在采用电风扇干燥方法对血涂片进行干燥后，在镜检时发现存在细胞形态发生变形的情况，发明人经研究后发现，细胞形态发生变形的原因是：血膜在干燥前细胞较为较弱，在电风扇无序气流的作用下细胞会发生变形。进而发明人又发现，如果气流顺着血膜的展开方向流动，则血膜的细胞形态受气流影响很小或基本不发生改变。
因此，本申请优选实施例中，采用干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质，在将干燥介质通入血涂片进行干燥的工作腔时使干燥介质形成的气流沿着所述血涂片上血膜的展开方向流过，完成对血涂片的干燥。
实施例一：
请参阅图1，图1为本申请实施例一的血涂片的干燥方法的流程图，如图1所示，本申请的血涂片的干燥方法，可以包括以下步骤：
101、采用干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质。
本申请实施例是用干燥的常压气体作为干燥介质对血涂片进行干燥的。本申请的干燥气体可以直接通过对常压的气体的过滤和干燥获得，也可以采用以下方法获得，如图2所示：
S1、将气体压缩成高压气体。
其中，优选的，高压气体可以由气源提供得到。
S2、对高压气体进行干燥，得到干燥的高压气体。
具体可以先使用空气过滤器等设备，将高压气体中的大部分液态水和灰尘清除，再经过干燥盒过滤掉大部分气态水，变成露点极低的干燥的高压气体。
S3、将干燥的高压气体的气压进行调压至大气压，得到干燥气体作为干燥介质。
将干燥的高压气体的经调压阀进行调压至大气压，得到干燥的常压气体，作为干燥介质，可以进一步降低干燥介质的相对湿度。举例说明：对气压值为三倍大气压的高压气体进行调压，降压得到标准大气压的常压气体，常压气体的相对湿度是原来高压气体的相对湿度的三分之一。
102、对干燥介质进行加热。
具体地，本申请实施例步骤可以利用加热器件对干燥的常压气体进行加热，得到预热后的干燥介质。
103、将预热后的干燥介质沿着血涂片上血膜的展开方向流过。具体为将干燥介质通入血涂片进行干燥的工作腔，当血涂片插入工作腔后，干燥介质在血涂片和工作腔壁之间形成气流，设置工作腔的气流入口和出口，使干燥介质形成的气流沿着血涂片上血膜的展开方向流过，从血涂片的正面对血膜进行干燥。
本实施例中通过先除去高压气体中的液态水，再除去气态水，最后再降压三个处理环节，得到湿度很低的干燥气体，采用此干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质，大大提高了血涂片的干燥时间。
本实施例中，干燥气流在和血膜接触时，是沿血膜的展开方向流过，即气流的流动方向与血膜的展开方向一致，根据实验显示，通过这种方式既可以对血膜进行充分干燥，也不会使血膜细胞发生形变，提升血涂片的干燥质量，提高了后续镜检的效果。
本实施例中， 在干燥气流接触血膜前先对干燥介质进行加热，有利于加快干燥进度。
为进一步减少气流对血膜的影响，在气流进行加热前，调节气体的流量和流速，使气体达到合适的流量，形成微气流，使微气流沿血膜展开的方向掠过血膜表面，向血膜供热并带走汽化的湿分。
根据本申请公开的内容，本领域技术人员应当理解，在对血膜进行干燥过程中，可以不对干燥气流先进行预热。如果不考虑对血膜细胞形态的影响，气流的方向也可以不加限定。
实施例二：
基于上述干燥方法，本实施例提供一种干燥装置，请参阅图3，图3为本申请实施例二的血涂片的干燥装置的剖视图，本申请实施例的血涂片干燥装置，可以包括： 进气口50、预热风道51、工作腔52和加热器件53。
进气口50用于输入干燥气体，预热风道51与进气口50连通，用于为干燥气体进行提供流通通道和加热场所。
加热器件53贴附在预热风道51的腔壁上或位于预热风道51内，用于加热流过预热风道51的干燥气体。加热器件53可以是加热片、加热膜或加热丝。
工作腔52用于插设待干燥的血涂片，工作腔52包括气流入口520和气流出口521，工作腔的气流入口520与预热风道51的气流出口501连通，用于将加热后的干燥气体导入工作腔52，工作腔52的气流入口520和气流出口521的设置位置使得形成的气流沿着被干燥血涂片的血膜展开方向流过。
在一种具体实例中，预热风道51和工作腔52通过第一腔体壁510、第二腔体壁511和第三腔体壁512形成。预热风道51还可以是以螺旋方式环绕在工作腔52外周的空腔。预热风道51的与进气口50的连通处和与工作腔52的连通处分处于预热风道51的两端，以保证气流在预热风道51内得到足够时间的预热。
需要进一步说明的是，如图3中的预热风道51上的箭头表示干燥介质的流动方向。由于本实施例中血涂片是由上至下插入工作腔52的，血涂片上的血膜的展开方向为由上至下，因此本实施中干燥介质在经过血涂片表面时，流动方向也应是由上至下的，则工作腔52的气流入口设置在工作腔52的上部，气流出口设置在工作腔52的下部。在另一种实施方式中，如果血涂片是由下至上插入工作腔52，血涂片上的血膜的展开方向为由下至上，则干燥介质在经过血涂片表面时，流动方向也应是由下至上的，则工作腔52的气流入口设置在工作腔52的下部，气流出口设置在工作腔52的上部。本申请的工作腔52的气流入口和气流出口的设置位置和方式可以按照血涂片的放置需求进行设置，本实施例对此仅作说明不作限定。
一个优选的实施例中，工作腔52的气流入口的轴线方向与血涂片的夹角小于90度。
血膜在干燥前细胞较为较弱，而电风扇的产生的气流的流向是多方向的，如果气流以与血涂片垂直的方向吹过血涂片，在电风扇气流的作用下细胞会发生变形。因此，本实施例装置的工作腔52的气流入口520的轴线方向与血涂片的夹角小于90度，使得气流不会以垂直方向吹过血涂片，减少血涂片上血膜形变的可能性。
在优选的实施例中，干燥装置还可以包括：加热控制器和设置在预热风道中的温度传感器（图中均未示出），温度传感器的输出端耦合到加热控制器，加热控制器根据温度传感器感应的预热风道中的温度控制加热器件与电源的通断，当预热风道51中的温度达到第一设定温度时，加热控制器控制加热器件断电，当预热风道51中的温度低于第二设定温度时，加热控制器控制加热器件通电，从而将预热风道51和工作腔52保持在恒温状态。
本实施例装置还可以包括保温层54，保温层54包裹在预热风道51、加热器件53和工作腔52的外面，保温层54为不良导热材料层，防止预热风道51和工作腔52向外散热，有利于预热风道51和工作腔52保持在恒温状态。
在有的实施例中，如图4所示，血涂片干燥装置还可以包括温度保护开关安装片57和温度保护开关58。温度保护开关58通过温度保护开关安装片57设置于血涂片干燥装置外壳上，温度保护开关58串联在温度传感器和电源之间，当温度传感器出现故障时，对血涂片干燥装置进行断电，从而保护血涂片被过于加热。温度保护开关58例如可以是保险丝。
在血涂片插入工作腔时，血涂片的两侧与工作腔两侧边接触，为防止血涂片两侧对工作腔两侧边的磨损，在一个优选的实施例中，如图5中所示，在工作腔52接触血涂片56的两侧边处设置导槽55，导槽55采用耐磨材料制成。血涂片56在插入时只和导槽55接触，这样既可以保证工作腔插入口耐磨，又可以解决整个腔体采用耐磨材料而难以加工的问题。
在一个优选的实施例中，进气口50上设置有阻尼管，阻尼管中设置有压力传感器，可根据压力传感器感知的进气口的气压调节干燥介质的气体流量和流速，使得进入预热风道的为微气流，以进一步减小气流对血膜中细胞的影响。
本申请实施例提供的血涂片的干燥装置，采用干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质，通过加热器件可对引入的干燥气体进行加热并保持在预设的温度，通过工作腔的气流入口和气流出口的设置，可使得干燥介质沿血涂片的上血膜的展开方向流过，从而可以对血涂片进行充分干燥并且不会使血膜细胞发生形变，提升血涂片的干燥质量。
另外，由于本实施例先对干燥介质进行加热并保持在预设的温度，使流过血膜的气流保持一定温度，一方面通过恒温的气流加快了干燥进度，另一方面，也可使整个工作腔也保持在恒温状态，工作腔壁对血膜额外增加了热辐射的作用，进一步加快了干燥进度。
上述的干燥装置可用于推片机。在一种具体实例中，推片机包括：染色模块、推片模块和血涂片干燥装置。染色模块用于对血涂片进行染色，推片模块用于制作血涂片。血涂片干燥装置用于干燥血涂片。推片机还可以进一步包括用于提供干燥的高压气体气源提供模块，推片机的进气口与气源提供模块63的出气口连通。
本申请实施例提供的推片机，通过增加血涂片干燥装置，利用其加热器件对引入的干燥的气体进行加热并保持在预设的温度，通过工作腔的气流入口和气流出口的设置，可使得干燥介质沿血涂片的上血膜的展开方向流过，从而可以对血涂片进行充分干燥并且不会使血膜细胞发生形变，提升血涂片的干燥质量。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种血涂片的干燥方法，其特征在于，包括：
    采用干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质对血涂片上血膜进行干燥。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的血涂片的干燥方法，其特征在于，所述采用干燥气体作为血涂片的干燥介质对血涂片上血膜进行干燥包括：
    将干燥介质导入进行血涂片干燥的工作腔；
    使所述干燥介质沿着所述血涂片上血膜的展开方向流过。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的血涂片的干燥方法，其特征在于，所述将所述干燥介质沿着所述血涂片上血膜的展开方向流过之前包括：
    对所述干燥介质进行加热。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的血涂片的干燥方法，其特征在于，在对干燥介质进行加热前将气体调节出适当的流量。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的血涂片的干燥方法，其特征在于，所述干燥介质通过以下方法制成：
    将气体压缩成高压气体；
    对所述高压气体进行干燥，得到干燥的高压气体；
    将所述干燥的高压气体的气压进行调压至大气压，得到常压的干燥气体作为干燥介质。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的血涂片的干燥方法，其特征在于，所述对所述高压气体进行干燥包括：
    除去所述高压气体中的液态水；
    除去所述高压气体中的气态水，得到干燥的高压气体。
  7. 一种血涂片干燥装置，其特征在于，包括：
    进气口和工作腔；
    所述进气口用于输入干燥气体；
    所述工作腔用于插设待干燥的血涂片，所述工作腔包括气流入口和气流出口，所述进气口将干燥气体通过工作腔的气流入口导入工作腔。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的血涂片干燥装置，其特征在于，工作腔的所述气流入口和所述气流出口的设置位置使得形成的气流沿着被干燥血涂片的血膜展开方向流过。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的血涂片干燥装置，其特征在于，所述工作腔气流入口的轴线方向与血涂片的夹角小于90度。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的血涂片干燥装置，其特征在于，还包括预热风道和加热器件，所述预热风道与所述进气口连通，用于为所述干燥气体提供流通通道和加热场所，工作腔的气流入口与预热风道的气流出口连通，所述加热器件贴附在所述预热风道的腔壁上或位于预热风道内，用于加热流过预热风道的干燥气体。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的血涂片干燥装置，其特征在于，所述加热器件为加热片、加热膜或加热丝。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的血涂片干燥装置，其特征在于，还包括保温层，所述保温层包裹在所述预热风道、所述加热器件和所述工作腔的外面，所述保温层为不良导热材料层。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的血涂片干燥装置，其特征在于，还包括加热控制器和设置在预热风道中的温度传感器，所述温度传感器的输出端耦合到加热控制器，所述加热控制器根据温度传感器感应的预热风道中的温度控制加热器件与电源的通断，所述进气口接有阻尼管，所述阻尼管中设置有压力传感器。
  14. 如权利要求7-13中任一项所述的血涂片干燥装置，其特征在于，所述工作腔接触血涂片的两侧边设置有导槽，所述导槽采用耐磨材料制成。
  15. 一种推片机，包括：
    染色模块，用于对血涂片进行染色；
    推片模块，用于制作血涂片；其特征在于还包括：
    至少一个如权利要求7-14中任一项所述的血涂片干燥装置，用于干燥血涂片。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的推片机，其特征在于，还包括气源提供模块，用于提供干燥的高压气体，所述推片机的进气口与气源提供模块的出气口连通。
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