WO2015138766A1 - Moteur électrique multi-vitesse - Google Patents

Moteur électrique multi-vitesse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015138766A1
WO2015138766A1 PCT/US2015/020241 US2015020241W WO2015138766A1 WO 2015138766 A1 WO2015138766 A1 WO 2015138766A1 US 2015020241 W US2015020241 W US 2015020241W WO 2015138766 A1 WO2015138766 A1 WO 2015138766A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
configuration
motor
windings
winding phase
rotor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/020241
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles Patrick
Kevin R. Williams
Original Assignee
Canrig Drilling Technology Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canrig Drilling Technology Ltd. filed Critical Canrig Drilling Technology Ltd.
Priority to CA2941463A priority Critical patent/CA2941463C/fr
Publication of WO2015138766A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015138766A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/26—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor
    • H02P1/32—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual polyphase induction motor by star/delta switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • H02P25/184—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor speed is changed by switching from a delta to a star, e.g. wye, connection of its windings, or vice versa
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
    • H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
    • H02P25/188—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor windings are switched from series to parallel or vice versa to control speed or torque
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/047—V/F converter, wherein the voltage is controlled proportionally with the frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to electric motors, and specifically to selectively operating alternating current electric motors at different speeds.
  • Alternating current (AC) electric motors rely on alternating currents passed through induction windings within the stator to cause rotation of the rotor.
  • So-called three phase AC motors include three matched sets of windings positioned radially about the stator. By supplying sinusoidal AC power to each of the sets of windings such that each set receives an alternating current offset by 120 degrees, a largely continuous torque can be imparted on the rotor as it rotates.
  • VFD variable frequency drive
  • the inductive reactance of the stator windings is proportional to the frequency applied to the winding, increased voltage is necessary to maintain a relatively constant current within the windings, and thus a relatively constant output torque.
  • VFD's In order to properly drive the AC motor, VFD's often operate using a volts/Hz control scheme. In volts/Hz control, the VFD varies the output speed of the motor by supplying AC power to the stator windings at a particular frequency and voltage.
  • voltage is proportionally related to the frequency by a so-called “voltage-to-frequency” or “volts/Hz” ratio.
  • VFD voltage-to-frequency
  • volts/Hz voltage-to-frequency ratio
  • closed-loop feedback a VFD using volts/Hz can maintain motor speed in changing conditions.
  • the frequency may result in different output speeds and torques for the rotor.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method for controlling the speed of an AC motor.
  • the method may include providing the AC motor.
  • the AC motor may include a rotor, the rotor adapted to be rotated by the interaction between an internal induced reluctance or permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field; and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings, the windings adapted to induce an electromagnetic field to rotate the rotor, the windings being grouped into winding phase groups, each winding phase group corresponding to and coupled to a phase of AC power supplied to the AC motor, each winding phase group including at least two windings, and the windings of each winding phase group selectively reconfigurable between a series and a parallel configuration.
  • the method may include configuring the windings of each winding phase group in the parallel or series configuration; supplying AC power to the windings of the stator at a first volts/Hz ratio, causing rotation of the rotor at a first torque ratio and a first drive ratio with a first maximum rotor speed; reconfiguring the windings of each winding phase groups from the parallel configuration to the series configuration or from the series configuration to the parallel configuration; and supplying AC power to the windings of the stator at a second volts/Hz ratio, causing rotation of the rotor at a second torque ratio and a second drive ratio with a second maximum rotor speed.
  • the present disclosure also provides for a method for controlling the speed of an AC motor.
  • the method may include providing the AC motor.
  • the AC motor may include: a rotor, the rotor adapted to be rotated by the interaction between an internal induced reluctance or permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field; and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings, the windings adapted to induce an electromagnetic field to rotate the rotor, the windings being grouped into winding phase groups, the winding phase groups selectively configured in a Wye configuration or a delta configuration, each winding phase group corresponding to and coupled to a phase of AC power supplied to the AC motor, each winding phase group including at least two windings, and the windings of each winding phase group selectively reconfigurable between a series and a parallel configuration.
  • the method may also include configuring the windings of each winding phase group in the parallel or series configuration; supplying AC power to the windings of the stator at a first volts/Hz ratio, causing rotation of the rotor at a first torque ratio and a first drive ratio with a first maximum rotor speed; reconfiguring the windings of each winding phase groups from the parallel configuration to the series configuration or from the series configuration to the parallel configuration; and supplying AC power to the windings of the stator at a second volts/Hz ratio, causing rotation of the rotor at a second torque ratio and a second drive ratio with a second maximum rotor speed.
  • the present disclosure also provides for A method for controlling the torque of an AC motor.
  • the method may include providing the AC motor.
  • the AC motor may include a rotor, the rotor adapted to be rotated by the interaction between an internal induced reluctance or permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field; and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings, the windings adapted to induce an electromagnetic field to rotate the rotor, the windings being grouped into winding phase groups, each winding phase group corresponding to and coupled to a phase of AC power supplied to the AC motor, the winding phase groups selectively reconfigurable from a Wye configuration to a delta configuration, and each winding phase group including at least two windings, the windings of each winding phase group selectively reconfigurable between a series and a parallel configuration.
  • the method may also include determining a first torque requirement; configuring the AC motor into a first configuration in which the winding phase groups are configured in the Wye or delta configuration and the windings of each winding phase group are configured in the series or parallel configuration, the first configuration having a first torque ratio; and supplying AC power to the AC motor, rotating the rotor.
  • the present disclosure also provides for a method for controlling the speed of an AC motor.
  • the method may include providing the AC motor.
  • the AC motor may include a rotor, the rotor adapted to be rotated by the interaction between an internal induced reluctance or permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field; and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings, the windings adapted to induce an electromagnetic field to rotate the rotor, the windings being grouped into winding phase groups, each winding phase group corresponding to and coupled to a phase of AC power supplied to the AC motor, the winding phase groups selectively reconfigurable from a Wye configuration to a delta configuration, and each winding phase group including at least two windings, the windings of each winding phase group selectively reconfigurable between a series and a parallel configuration.
  • the method may also include determining a first speed requirement; configuring the AC motor into a first configuration in which the winding phase groups are configured in the Wye or delta configuration and the windings of each winding phase group are configured in the series or parallel configuration, the first configuration having a drive ratio; and supplying AC power to the AC motor, rotating the rotor.
  • the present disclosure also provides for a method for controlling the speed of an AC motor.
  • the method may include providing the AC motor.
  • the AC motor may include a rotor, the rotor adapted to be rotated by the interaction between an internal induced reluctance or permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field; and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings, the windings adapted to induce an electromagnetic field to rotate the rotor, the windings being grouped into winding phase groups, each winding phase group corresponding to and coupled to a phase of AC power supplied to the AC motor, the winding phase groups selectively reconfigurable from a Wye configuration to a delta configuration, and each winding phase group including at least two windings, the windings of each winding phase group selectively reconfigurable between a series and a parallel configuration.
  • the method may also include configuring the AC motor into a first configuration in which the winding phase groups are configured in the Wye or delta configuration and the windings of each winding phase group are configured in the series or parallel configuration, the first configuration having a first maximum rotor speed; supplying AC power to the AC motor, rotating the rotor; determining an optimal terminal voltage for the AC motor; and reconfiguring the AC motor into a second configuration in which the winding phase groups are configured in the Wye or delta configuration and the windings of each winding phase group are configured in the series or parallel configuration, the second configuration being different from the first configuration, the second configuration having a volts/Hz ratio capable of rotating the AC motor at the optimal terminal voltage.
  • the present disclosure also provides for a method for controlling the holding torque of an AC motor.
  • the method may include providing the AC motor.
  • the AC motor may include a rotor, the rotor adapted to be rotated by the interaction between an internal induced reluctance or permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field; and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings, the windings adapted to induce an electromagnetic field to rotate the rotor, the windings being grouped into winding phase groups, each winding phase group corresponding to and coupled to a phase of AC power supplied to the AC motor, the winding phase groups selectively reconfigurable from a Wye configuration to a delta configuration, and each winding phase group including at least two windings, the windings of each winding phase group selectively reconfigurable between a series and a parallel configuration.
  • the method may also include determining a first holding torque requirement; and configuring the AC motor into a first configuration in which the winding phase groups are configured in the Wye or delta configuration and the windings of each winding phase group are configured in the series or parallel configuration, the first configuration having a first torque ratio.
  • the present disclosure also provides for a method for controlling the speed of a drawworks.
  • the method may include providing a drawworks.
  • the drawworks may include a drum driven by an AC motor.
  • the AC motor may include a rotor, the rotor adapted to rotate the drum, the rotor adapted to be rotated by the interaction between an internal induced reluctance or permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field; and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings, the windings adapted to induce an electromagnetic field to rotate the rotor, the windings being grouped into winding phase groups, each winding phase group corresponding to and coupled to a phase of AC power supplied to the AC motor, the winding phase groups selectively reconfigurable from a Wye configuration to a delta configuration, and each winding phase group including at least two windings, the windings of each winding phase group selectively reconfigurable between a series and a parallel configuration.
  • the method may also include determining a torque requirement, the torque requirement based on the weight of the load on the drawworks; configuring the AC motor into a first configuration in which the winding phase groups are configured in the Wye or delta configuration and the windings of each winding phase group are configured in the series or parallel configuration, the first configuration having a first torque ratio; supplying AC power to the AC motor; and rotating the drawworks
  • the present disclosure also provides for a method for controlling the speed of a drawworks.
  • the method may include providing the drawworks.
  • the drawworks may include a drum driven by an AC motor.
  • the AC motor may include a rotor, the rotor adapted to rotate the drum, the rotor adapted to be rotated by the interaction between an internal induced reluctance or permanent magnetic field and an electromagnetic field; and a stator, the stator including a plurality of windings, the windings adapted to induce an electromagnetic field to rotate the rotor, the windings being grouped into winding phase groups, each winding phase group corresponding to and coupled to a phase of AC power supplied to the AC motor, the winding phase groups selectively reconfigurable from a Wye configuration to a delta configuration, and each winding phase group including at least two windings, the windings of each winding phase group selectively reconfigurable between a series and a parallel configuration.
  • the method may also include providing a control system, wherein the control system is adapted to reconfigure the winding phase groups; measuring the weight of the load on the drawworks; determining a torque requirement using the control system, the torque requirement based on the weight of the load on the drawworks; configuring the AC motor into a first configuration in which the winding phase groups are configured in the Wye or delta configuration and the windings of each winding phase group are configured in the series or parallel configuration, the first configuration having a first torque ratio using the control system; supplying AC power to the AC motor; and rotating the drawworks.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a schematic view of an AC motor control system consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a schematic view of an AC motor control system consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 3a-3d depict schematic views of four stator coil configurations consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary AC motor control system 200 consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • AC motor 202 may be a three-phase AC motor.
  • AC motor 202 may include a rotor and stator, the stator including a plurality of stator windings.
  • the stator windings may be grouped into three matched sets of windings positioned radially about the stator.
  • torque produced by an AC motor is generally related to the current supplied to the AC motor and, in some instances, may be linearly related thereto.
  • a permanent magnet motor increases in speed, the back EMF induced by the permanent magnet motors into the stator fields also increases.
  • the back EMF reduces the voltage available to create current and thus reduces torque.
  • the voltage supplied to the permanent magnet motor must be higher than the voltage supplied at a low speed.
  • the ratio between motor speed and voltage supplied may thus be expressed as a volts/Hz ratio.
  • the torque output of the motor may be controlled by selecting winding configurations with different volts/Hz ratios.
  • AC motor 202 may be a permanent magnet motor.
  • a permanent magnet AC motor includes a stator which includes windings as previously described.
  • the rotor which is positioned in close proximity to the stator, includes a plurality of permanent magnets positioned about its periphery. The interaction between the varying orientation of the magnetic field induced by the stator and the permanent magnet field of the permanent magnets of the rotor thus rotates the rotor.
  • AC motor 202 may be coupled to speed switching device 204 by a plurality of conductors.
  • conductors For each winding phase group, as will be discussed below, at least two conductors may be used to supply AC power.
  • three conductors 206a-c depicted and discussed as three conductors 206a-c, one having ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure will understand that the three conductors discussed and illustrated are meant to represent the phases of AC power supplied to AC motor 202. In some embodiments, more than 3 conductors may be utilized. For example, the number of conductors may be a multiple of two times the number of winding groups in AC motor 202.
  • one or more neutral conductors 208 may be included to couple the star or Wye point as discussed below to the rest of the power system. In some embodiments, a neutral conductor 208 may be omitted entirely.
  • Conductors 206a-c supply three-phase AC power from speed switching device 204 to the winding groups of AC motor 202. Although depicted as a single unit, one having ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure will understand that speed switching device 204 need not be contained in a single unit, nor does it need to be positioned outside the housing or apparatus of AC motor 202.
  • Speed switching device 204 may be coupled to VFD system 222 via three-phase conductors 214, 216, 218.
  • VFD system 222 may, in some embodiments, be positioned to supply modulated three-phase AC power to AC motor 202 via speed switching device 204.
  • VFD system 222 may modulate the three-phase AC power according to, for example, a volts/Hz control scheme to, for example, allow AC motor 202 to operate at a continuously variable speed for a given stator configuration.
  • VFD system 222 may be coupled to three-phase AC supply lines 212.
  • contactor 220 may be positioned to selectively connect or disconnect AC motor control system 200 from supply lines 212.
  • DC link 224 may provide power to VFD system 222.
  • AC motor control system 200 may include resistive load bank 226.
  • motor disconnect switch 234 may be positioned across three-phase conductors 214, 216, 218 to selectively couple three-phase conductors 214, 216, 218 to dynamic braking conductors 228, 230, 232, and dynamic braking switch 238 may be coupled to selectively couple dynamic braking conductors 228, 230, 232 to resistive load bank 226.
  • Control device 236 may be positioned to couple motor disconnect switch 234 and dynamic braking switch 238 to allow switches 234, 238 to be operated in concert to, for example, allow resistive load bank 226 to provide dynamic braking to AC motor 202 when AC motor 202 is a permanent magnet motor.
  • control device 236 may selectively electrically couple resistive load bank 226' to DC link 224 to provide dynamic braking. As understood in the art, power regenerated by the dynamic braking of AC motor 202 may be utilized to run other electrical equipment coupled to the power supply. In some embodiments, only surplus power from DC link 224 may be passed to load bank 226'.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a switching mechanism of speed switching device 204.
  • Ac motor 202 may include three phase winding groups u, v, w, each having two or more windings.
  • FIG. 2 depicts each winding group u, v, w, having corresponding windings lu, 2u, lv, 2v, lw, 2w.
  • winding groups u, v, w having more than two windings may be used without deviating from the scope of this disclosure.
  • windings lu, 2u, lv, 2v, lw, 2w are shown adjacent to switches uAl, uA2, uB, vAl , vA2, vB, wAl, wA2, wB.
  • switches uAl , uA2, uB, vAl , vA2, vB, wAl, wA2, wB may be located apart from AC motor 202.
  • Switches uAl, uA2, uB, vAl, vA2, vB, wAl, wA2, wB are positioned to selectively reconfigure the connections between windings lu, 2u, lv, 2v, lw, 2w and three-phase conductors 214, 216, 218, and the interconnections of windings lu, 2u, lv, 2v, lw, 2w.
  • Switches uAl and uA2 are positioned to, by switching at the same time, change windings lu and 2u from a parallel configuration (as shown) to a series configuration.
  • switches vAl and vA2 and switches wAl and wA2 are positioned to likewise transition between parallel and series configurations for windings lv, 2v, and windings lw, 2w respectively.
  • Switches uAl, uA2, vAl , vA2, wAl , and wA2 are positioned to be switched simultaneously to transition each of winding groups u, v, and w between the parallel and series configurations simultaneously.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a "parallel delta" configuration as will be discussed below.
  • Switches uB, vB, and wB are positioned to switch between a delta winding configuration (as shown) and a Wye configuration.
  • a delta winding configuration winding groups are coupled to three-phase conductors 214, 216, 218 such that the ends of each winding group are connected between two of three-phase conductors 214, 216, 218.
  • winding group u when in the delta configuration, winding group u connects between three-phase conductors 214 and 216, winding group v between conductors 216 and 218, and winding group w between three-phase conductors 218 and 214.
  • each winding group connects between one of the three-phase conductors and the Wye or star point or, as depicted, optional neutral line 208.
  • Switches uB, vB, and wB are positioned to be switched simultaneously. Both the switch between parallel series and delta/Wye may, in some embodiments, be controlled by VFD system 222.
  • AC motor 202 may be selectively switched between so called series Wye (as depicted in FIG. 3a), series Delta (FIG. 3b), parallel Wye (FIG. 3c), and parallel delta (FIG. 3d) winding configurations.
  • series Wye as depicted in FIG. 3a
  • series Delta FIG. 3b
  • parallel Wye FIG. 3c
  • parallel delta FIG. 3d
  • the nominal torque when in a series Wye configuration as depicted in FIG. 3a, the nominal torque may be calculated as:
  • Trq ⁇ — " 3 ⁇ 4 where In is the nominal drive current, Pp is the number of motor pole -pairs, and ⁇ W is the nominal flux per winding.
  • the nominal torque represents the theoretical maximum torque on the rotor of AC motor 202.
  • the no-load speed at maximum voltage for the rotor of AC motor 202 may be calculated as: where Vi is the nominal drive output voltage.
  • the no-load speed at maximum voltage may be interpreted as the theoretical maximum rotor speed of AC motor 202 in a given configuration.
  • the nominal torque when in a series delta configuration as depicted in FIG. 3b, the nominal torque may be calculated as: and the no-load speed at maximum voltage may be calculated as:
  • the series delta configuration has a torque ratio of approximately 0.58 times that of the series Wye configuration.
  • the torque ratio approximately represents the theoretical amount of torque available in the corresponding configuration relative to another configuration, here the series Wye configuration.
  • the series delta configuration has a no-load speed at maximum voltage of 1.73 times that of the series Wye configuration.
  • the ratio of no- load speed at maximum voltage between configurations is referred to herein as a drive ratio.
  • the nominal torque when in a parallel Wye configuration as depicted in FIG. 3c, the nominal torque may be calculated as: and the no-load speed at maximum voltage may be calculated as:
  • the parallel Wye configuration has a torque ratio of .5 and drive ratio of 2 compared to the series Wye configuration.
  • the nominal torque when in a parallel delta configuration as depicted in FIG. 3b, the nominal torque may be calculated as: and the no-load speed at maximum voltage may be calculated as:
  • the parallel delta configuration has a torque ratio of 0.29 and drive ratio of 3.46 compared to the series Wye configuration.
  • each winding group u, v, w may have three or more windings each.
  • subgroups in each of winding group u, v, w may be connected in series or in parallel to further increase the number of winding configurations available to AC motor 202.
  • AC motor 202 may be used as the motor in a piece of wellsite equipment.
  • AC motor 202 may be used to drive a top drive, draw works, rotary table, mud pump, winch, etc.
  • AC motor 202 may be used to drive a thruster or other propulsion device.
  • a winding configuration for AC motor 202 may be selected to have a nominal torque output matched to the load to be lifted. For example, when lifting a load which requires the full torque output capability of AC motor 202 to be applied, a winding configuration having a nominal torque output may be selected. For example, of the configurations previously discussed, a series Wye configuration may thus be selected as its torque output is the highest of the available configurations. The drawworks may thus operate in a "high torque, low speed" configuration.
  • a different winding configuration having a lower torque output but higher theoretical maximum speed may be selected.
  • Such a "low torque, high speed" configuration may allow for the load to be lifted, for example, more quickly or with a more efficient voltage supplied to AC motor 202, known as terminal voltage.
  • terminal voltage a more efficient voltage supplied to AC motor 202.
  • an operator may manually select which wiring configuration to use before the drawworks is engaged to lift the load.
  • an automated control system may operate to select the optimal winding configuration for a given load.
  • the automated control system may utilize a memory table to associate optimal winding configurations to, for example, predefined hoisting operations, load weights, required load travel speed, etc.
  • the automated control system may be able to override the manual selection of the operator by, for example, detecting a suboptimal winding configuration selection or operating conditions.
  • a drawworks may include different functions that likewise require such "high torque, low speed” and “low torque, high speed” configurations. Additionally, in some embodiments, accurate position control or position holding may be required. For example, a drawworks may need to hold a load at a certain height above the drill floor. Depending on the load, a winding configuration
  • AC motor 202 may also be utilized for regenerative braking.
  • the drawworks may operate as a regenerative brake and transform mechanical rotation power from the lowering of the load into electrical power.
  • an optimal winding configuration may be selected to, for example, optimize the terminal voltage of AC motor 202 while regeneratively braking.
  • accurate position control or position holding may be required.
  • a drawworks may need to hold the load at a certain height above the drill floor.
  • a winding configuration with sufficient torque may be selected to, for example, optimize the holding capability of AC motor 202 for the given load.
  • AC motor 202 may drive a piece of equipment which undergoes relatively continuous operation such as a top drive. While the top drive and AC motor 202 are stopped, a winding configuration having the highest nominal torque may be selected to, for example, allow for maximum available torque to overcome the static friction involved in beginning rotation of the top drive. Of the configurations previously discussed, the series Wye configuration has the highest nominal torque value.
  • AC power is supplied to AC motor 202 by, for example, VFD system 222 at a volts/Hz ratio corresponding to the series Wye configuration.
  • AC motor 202 is capable of continuously variable speed by varying the voltage and frequency of AC power supplied to AC motor 202.
  • AC motor 202 is capable of driving rotation up to approximately the no-load speed at maximum voltage with a relatively constant torque output.
  • the maximum speed of AC motor 202 will be less than the no-load speed at maximum voltage owing to, for example, friction, voltage drops in the motor and elsewhere, losses to heat, etc.
  • top drive Once the top drive has begun to rotate, a lower amount of torque may be required to sustain its rotation. As such, it may be more efficient to operate AC motor 202 in a different configuration for the given speed. Likewise, an operator may wish the top drive to rotate at a speed higher than AC motor 202 is capable of providing in the series Wye configuration. The operator, whether manually or automatically, may then reconfigure AC motor 202 into a different configuration depending on the desired torque and speed requirements. For example, of the configurations previously described, the series delta configuration has the next higher drive ratio and the next lower torque ratio. As AC motor 202 is reconfigured, VFD system 222 changes the voltage and frequency of its AC power output to correspond with the voltage and frequency ratio in the series delta configuration.
  • AC motor 202 is capable of continuously variable speed by varying the voltage and frequency of AC power supplied to AC motor 202 up to approximately the no-load speed at maximum voltage for the series delta configuration.
  • AC motor 202 may be again reconfigured in the same manner as previously discussed to a configuration having an even higher drive ratio. Likewise, it may be more efficient to operate AC motor 202 in a configuration having a lower torque ratio, meaning lower voltage for a given rotor speed. For example, the parallel Wye configuration has the next higher drive ratio and the next lower torque ratio.
  • the reconfiguration may occur precisely as discussed with respect to the series delta configuration. As understood in the art, when switching from a series configuration to a parallel configuration, the frequency of the AC power supplied to AC motor 202 would be halved to maintain the rotor speed. VFD system 222 may make this adjustment to frequency as well as changing the voltage of AC power supplied to AC motor 202 as the reconfiguration occurs.
  • the parallel delta configuration may be selected as, of the configurations previously discussed, it has the highest drive ratio.
  • the reconfiguration into the parallel delta configuration may be accomplished as previously discussed.
  • AC motor 202 may be reconfigured into a winding configuration having a higher torque ratio. For example, if AC motor 202 is in the parallel delta configuration, as previously discussed, any of the series Wye, series delta, and parallel Wye configurations for AC motor 202 is capable of providing more torque output.
  • the speed of AC motor 202 may be reduced to less than the no load speed at maximum voltage for the new configuration before AC motor 202 is reconfigured. This deceleration may occur naturally, or may be controlled by VFD system 222. Again, VFD system 222 may supply AC power at a volts/Hz ratio for the new configuration once AC motor 202 is reconfigured.
  • any configuration may be reconfigured into any other configuration depending on, for example, the desired torque output or desired maximum speed.
  • An operator, manually or automatically may, for example, switch directly from the series Wye to the parallel delta configuration as long as AC motor 202 is capable of outputting sufficient torque at the new configuration.
  • an operator, manually or automatically may, for example, switch directly from the parallel delta to the series Wye configuration.
  • VFD system 222 may supply AC power to AC motor 202 by any control scheme including, for example and without limitation, volts/Hz, direct torque control (DTC), flux vector control, any open loop (also known as "Encoderless”) variable frequency control, or any closed loop control without deviating from the scope of this disclosure.
  • DTC direct torque control
  • flux vector control any open loop (also known as "Encoderless") variable frequency control, or any closed loop control without deviating from the scope of this disclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur électrique multi-vitesse qui peut comprendre une pluralité d'enroulements agencés dans des groupes de phases d'enroulement. Un régulateur de vitesse peut commuter au moins deux enroulements entre une configuration série et une configuration parallèle dans chaque groupe de phases d'enroulement. Le régulateur de vitesse peut également commuter les groupes de phases d'enroulement entre une configuration delta et une configuration en étoile. Par sélection d'une configuration spécifique, le couple statique et/ou le rapport de couple et/ou la vitesse maximale sans charge et/ou le rapport volts/Hz du moteur à courant alternatif peuvent être optimisés pour une application donnée. Selon certains modes de réalisation, le moteur à courant alternatif peut être utilisé en tant que partie d'une pièce d'un équipement d'une installation de forage tel qu'un treuil de forage, un treuil auxiliaire, une pompe à boue, un pignon d'entraînement supérieur ou une table rotative.
PCT/US2015/020241 2014-03-12 2015-03-12 Moteur électrique multi-vitesse WO2015138766A1 (fr)

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US14/656,370 2014-03-12
US201461952463P 2014-03-13 2014-03-13
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US20190013759A1 (en) 2014-08-01 2019-01-10 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
EP3443662A4 (fr) * 2016-04-13 2019-12-25 Falcon Power LLC Moteur/génératrice/transmission à couple variable
IT201900004667A1 (it) * 2019-03-28 2020-09-28 Eldor Corp Spa Dispositivo di commutazione per un motore elettrico e motore elettrico comprendente detto dispositivo di commutazione
WO2020194230A1 (fr) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Eldor Corporation S.P.A. Dispositif de commutation pour un moteur électrique et moteur électrique comprenant ledit dispositif de commutation
US11296638B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2022-04-05 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission

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CN109057772A (zh) * 2018-09-26 2018-12-21 西安宝美电气工业有限公司 石油钻机交流变频直驱电机专用控制系统

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Cited By (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190013759A1 (en) 2014-08-01 2019-01-10 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
US20190068102A1 (en) 2014-08-01 2019-02-28 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
US10879828B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2020-12-29 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
US10892700B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2021-01-12 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
US11296638B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2022-04-05 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
US11362611B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2022-06-14 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
US11695364B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2023-07-04 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
US11888421B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2024-01-30 Falcon Power, LLC Variable torque motor/generator/transmission
EP3443662A4 (fr) * 2016-04-13 2019-12-25 Falcon Power LLC Moteur/génératrice/transmission à couple variable
EP3934093A1 (fr) * 2016-04-13 2022-01-05 Falcon Power LLC Moteur/générateur/transmission à couple variable
IT201900004667A1 (it) * 2019-03-28 2020-09-28 Eldor Corp Spa Dispositivo di commutazione per un motore elettrico e motore elettrico comprendente detto dispositivo di commutazione
WO2020194230A1 (fr) * 2019-03-28 2020-10-01 Eldor Corporation S.P.A. Dispositif de commutation pour un moteur électrique et moteur électrique comprenant ledit dispositif de commutation

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