WO2015137947A1 - Prévention d'exclusion et d'accumulation de particules à l'aide de filtres à forêt de nanotubes sur des outils de fond - Google Patents

Prévention d'exclusion et d'accumulation de particules à l'aide de filtres à forêt de nanotubes sur des outils de fond Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015137947A1
WO2015137947A1 PCT/US2014/024930 US2014024930W WO2015137947A1 WO 2015137947 A1 WO2015137947 A1 WO 2015137947A1 US 2014024930 W US2014024930 W US 2014024930W WO 2015137947 A1 WO2015137947 A1 WO 2015137947A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gap
zone
tubular body
accumulation
tool
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Application number
PCT/US2014/024930
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English (en)
Inventor
Gary Eugene Weaver
Original Assignee
Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. filed Critical Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
Priority to US14/438,814 priority Critical patent/US20160290054A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2014/024930 priority patent/WO2015137947A1/fr
Publication of WO2015137947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015137947A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/322—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools cutter shifted by fluid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/325—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools the cutter being shifted by a spring mechanism

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to downhole tools associated with the recovery of subterranean deposits and more specifically to a system and method for preventing the accumulation of particles in a downhole tool.
  • Wells are drilled to various depths to access and produce oil, gas, minerals, and other naturally-occurring deposits from subterranean geological formations.
  • the drilling of a well typically is accomplished with a drill bit that is rotated to advance the wellbore by removing topsoil, sand, clay, limestone, calcites, dolomites, or other materials.
  • topsoil, sand, clay, limestone, calcites, dolomites, or other materials As the drill bit advances, significant amounts of debris result from the drilling process.
  • particles may accumulate around and within downhole tools and the operation of these tools may be affected. Particle accumulation in and around joints, gaps, passages, and other areas of tools may result in premature wear of the tools or prevent the proper operation of the tools.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a reaming tool according to an illustrative embodiment, the reaming tool having cutting arms shown in a retracted position;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of the reaming tool of Fig. 1, the cutting arms shown in an extended position;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an enlarged side view of a portion of the reaming tool of
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an elevation view of a drilling rig having carbon nanoforests according to an illustrative embodiment
  • FIGs. 5A and 5B illustrate cross-sectional side and end views, respectively, of a downhole tool having a carbon nanoforest according to an illustrative embodiment
  • FIG. 6A illustrates a side view of a reaming tool having a carbon nanoforest according to an illustrative embodiment, the reaming tool having cutter blocks shown in a retracted position;
  • Fig. 6B illustrates a side view of the reaming tool of Fig. 6A, the cutter blocks shown in an extended position;
  • Figs. 7 illustrates a sequential schematic view of a carbon nanoforest being grown on a mating surface of a joint according to an illustrative embodiment
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a sequential schematic view of a carbon nanoforest being grown on a substrate and subsequently adhesively coupled to a mating surface of a joint.
  • any use of any form of the terms “connect,” “engage,” “couple,” “attach,” or any other term describing an interaction between elements is not meant to limit the interaction to direct interaction between the elements and may also include indirect interaction between the elements described.
  • the terms “including” and “comprising” are used in an open- ended fashion and, thus, should be interpreted to mean “including, but not limited to.” Unless otherwise indicated, as used throughout this document, "or” does not require mutual exclusivity.
  • carbon nanoforest may refer to a plurality of carbon nanostructures that may be vertically aligned. In other words, a long axis of the nanostructure may extend substantially perpendicular from a substrate to which the nanostructure is coupled.
  • a carbon nanoforest may include single-walled carbon nanotubes ("SWNTs”), multi-walled carbon nanotubes ("MWNTs”) (e.g., 2 to 50 or more walls), carbon nanohorns, graphene, graphene nanoribbons, other elongated carbon nanostructures, or a combination of these structures. It should be noted that reference to graphene encompasses few-layer graphene.
  • carbon nanoforests act as an effective and durable filter in areas where particulates may otherwise infiltrate mechanical systems or downhole tools.
  • the presence of a carbon nanoforest on a surface may enhance the resistance of the surface to particle accumulation by effectively providing a smaller surface area to which particles may attach.
  • the particle may only touch the narrow ends of the carbon nanostructures and not a solid, uninterrupted surface as would be the case if the carbon nanoforests were not present.
  • particle contact with the elongated walls of individual nanostructures creates less adhesion than if the particle was contacting a solid surface. When surface contact is minimized in this way, the adhesion forces and static friction between the particles and the carbon nanoforest may be significantly lower than a surface that does not include a carbon nanoforest.
  • carbon nanoforests When deployed in downhole drilling operations as disclosed herein, carbon nanoforests may act as a filter to reduce or prevent particles from reaching and accumulating in critical areas that may otherwise experience high particle accumulation.
  • the benefits of low particle adhesion to carbon nanoforests include the ability of the carbon nanoforest to be flushed of particles as fluid circulates near the carbon nanoforest.
  • a carbon nanoforest filter may be deployed at entrances to joints, along passages to joints, or in other areas where particle or debris accumulation is likely. Likely accumulation areas may be determined by engineering analysis or by observation. Joints or gaps at which two or more parts of a tool meet must move and have clearance to move, and these joints are but one example of an area for which protection may be desired.
  • the carbon nanoforests may be deployed in areas where fluid movement may be reduced and fluids tend to stagnate.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional side views of a reaming tool 80 having a carbon nanoforest strategically applied at different locations to minimize or prevent the accumulation of undesirable particles at potential accumulation zones.
  • the reaming tool 80 includes a tubular body 1 to be mounted within a drill string.
  • the tubular body 1 includes an axial cavity 2 in which drilling muds may circulate.
  • the tubular body 1 further includes one or more housings 3 provided with openings through a periphery of tubular body 1.
  • An exterior region of the reaming tool 80 is the region around the tubular body 1 that is exposed to wellbore fluids during deployment of the reaming tool 80 in a wellbore.
  • a cutter element 4 is housed in each housing 3 and includes two cutting arms 5 and 6 operable to articulate relative to one another.
  • Cutting arm 5 is articulated on tubular body 1 by pivot shaft 7 and on cutting arm 6 by pivot shaft 8.
  • Cutting arm 6 is also articulated by pivot shaft 9 on a transmission mechanism, which is, in the example illustrated, in the form of a transmission element 10.
  • a retracted position of cutting arms 5 and 6 in each housing 3 is illustrated in Fig. 1, and an extended position is illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • Cutter elements 4 may have more than two articulated cutting arms.
  • cutter elements 4 are provided with cutting tips, and the surfaces of cutting arms 5 and 6 in the extended position include a front area 11.
  • Front area 1 1 is inclined towards the front, or downhole, side of the tool, and is intended to produce an enlargement of the borehole during the descent of the tool.
  • Cutting arms 5 and 6 also include a central area 12 that may be substantially parallel to an axis of the tool when the cutting arms 5 and 6 are in the extended position. Central area 12 is intended to stabilize the tool with respect to the broadened hole. It is also possible to provide a rear, or uphole, area of the cutting arms 5 and 6 with cutting tips operable to produce a broadening of the borehole when the drill string is being raised.
  • Housings 3 are recessed into tubular body 1 and extend inward almost to axial cavity 2. Each housing 3 has a bottom wall 20 (Fig. 2), two parallel lateral walls 21 and 22 (Fig. 1), and two front walls 23 and 24 (Fig. 1). The full depth of housing 3 may be occupied by cutting arms 5 and 6. In this way, the thickness of the cutting arms 5 and 6 may be maximized because the majority of the diameter of tubular body 1 not dedicated to axial cavity 2 may be occupied by cutting arms 5 and 6.
  • cutting arms 5 and 6 form a space 14 between the cutting arms 5 and 6 and the tubular body 1.
  • the space 14 has a triangular shape in a profile view, and is closed off from the drilling muds circulating outside tubular body 1.
  • the angle at a vertex 13 of this triangular space 14 is also situated inside the housing 3 defined by tubular body 1, and cuttings resulting from underreaming, or from a drilling operation, typically cannot enter this closed, triangular space 14.
  • a drive mechanism which in the example embodiment illustrated is provided in the form of a hollow piston 15, is arranged inside the tubular body 1.
  • Hollow piston 15 is in a position axially offset with respect to cutter elements 4.
  • a transmission element 10 is disposed in each housing 3 and is capable of moving longitudinally therein.
  • each transmission element 10 includes a projection 16 which enters inside tubular body 1 through an elongate slot 17. Transmission elements 10 bear on hollow piston 15 and follow hollow piston 15 as hollow piston 15 axially moves.
  • Hollow piston 15 separates axial cavity 2 from tubular body 1, and also separates axial cavity 2 from housings 3.
  • front face 76 of hollow piston 15 is in contact with the drilling mud circulating inside axial cavity 2 of tubular body 1. These muds are able to accumulate in annular chamber 60, through radial holes 19 in communication with axial cavity 2.
  • Rear faces 77 and 78 of hollow piston 15 are in abutment with the projection 16 of transmission element 10 and a return spring seat 73, respectively.
  • a return spring 18 and the transmission element 10 are in fluid communication with the drilling fluid circulating outside tubular body 1 through the opening of the housings 3.
  • Return spring 18 and transmission element 10 are therefore exposed to the pressure of the hydraulic fluid present in the borehole, i.e., the drilling fluid circulating outside tubular body 1.
  • Return spring 18 also abuts tubular body 1 at an end of return spring 18 opposite that abutting return spring seat 73.
  • Hollow piston 15 may slide between two positions.
  • a first position illustrated in Fig. 1 is realized when the internal hydraulic pressure does not exceed the external pressure plus the force of return spring 18.
  • a second position illustrated in Fig. 2 is realized when the internal hydraulic pressure exceeds the external pressure plus the force of return spring 18.
  • return spring 18 is compressed by movement of hollow piston 15 upwards. This movement causes an upward movement of transmission element 10, and a deployment of cutting arms 5 and 6 to the extended position.
  • hollow piston 15 closes off fluid communication between housings 3 and axial cavity 2. However, hollow piston 15 allows drilling muds to circulate through axial cavity 2 of the tool.
  • cutting arms 5 and 6 and transmission element 10 each have a width corresponding to the distance between the two lateral walls 21 and 22.
  • cutting arms 5 and 6 slide along lateral walls 21 and 22, and transmission element 10 moves along lateral walls 21 and 22 and over bottom 20 of housing 3. During this movement, the space 14 is not open to the outside.
  • cutting arms 5 and 6 are designed to be largely supported by lateral walls 21 and 22 against the forces exerted by the resistance of the formation to be eroded during the rotation of the tool.
  • Lateral walls 21 and 22 of housing 3 also frame transmission elements 10.
  • Only pivot shaft 8 of cutting arms 5 and 6 is situated outside housing 3, while pivot shafts 7 and 9 are disposed within housing 3.
  • the resistance forces exerted by the formation to be eroded during the forward progression of the tool and the forces exerted by the tool on the formation by cutting arms 5 and 6 are principally absorbed by cutting arms 5 and 6 and transmission element 10. This relieves pivot axes 7, 8 and 9 of the majority of these stresses.
  • the reaming tool 80 is but one example of a downhole tool on which and or in which stagnation and accumulation of particles may occur and the description herein of the use of a carbon nanoforest with a reamer is not meant to be limiting to the particular reamer disclosed in this example. Thus, the principles described herein may also be used with other downhole tools that may be susceptible to particle stagnation or accumulation.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional side view of a portion of the reaming tool 80 of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • a gap 84 may be present between the hollow piston 15 and the tubular body 1.
  • the term "gap" may include a joint, passage, channel, cavity, or other space associated with a downhole tool.
  • the distance between the hollow piston 15 and the tubular body 1, and thus the height, H, of the gap 84 may be a constant distance or may instead vary along the length of the gap 84.
  • a first end of the gap 84 defined by front wall 24 fluidly communicates with the elongate slot 17 and thus fluids that may be external to tubular body 1.
  • a nanoforest filter 121 is strategically positioned a distance, D, from the first end of the gap 84.
  • the ratio of the distance D to the height H (D:H) is between about 0.1 and about 1. In other embodiments, the D:H may be approximately zero, or even greater than 1.
  • the nanoforest filter 121 may be coupled to a surface associated with either or both of the hollow piston 15 and the tubular body 1. When the nano forest filter 121 is coupled to the tubular body 1, the value of D remains constant as the reaming tool 80 operates. If the nanoforest filter 121 is coupled to the hollow piston 15, the value of D changes as the piston axially moves within the tubular body.
  • a circulation zone 86 is present near the first end of the gap 84 and may also include the region within the gap 84 between the front wall 24 and the nanoforest filter 121.
  • the circulation zone 86 is in fluid communication with the elongate slot 17 and thus also fluidly communicates with regions external to the tubular body 1.
  • the nanoforest filter 121 acts as a filter to the gap 84 to prevent accumulation of particles in an accumulation zone 122 associated with gap 84. Without the presence of the nanoforest filter 121, particles may collect in the accumulation zone 122 as the reaming tool 80 is used or deployed downhole.
  • This collection of particles could potentially form a hard and concentrated "pack" of particles that hinders the operation of reaming tool 80 by obstructing movement of adjacent parts, such as for example, the hollow piston 15 and relative to the tubular body 1.
  • a reduction in the ability of hollow piston 15 to move may result in a decreased ability of the cutting arms 5 and 6 to be placed in the extended or retracted positions.
  • a pack of particles could otherwise form in the accumulation zone 122 or elsewhere in the gap 84.
  • Many different types of material may form a pack, but typically the pack is formed of assorted cuttings and other particles that have joined together to form a cement-like object or obstruction.
  • the particles may include binder materials. Particles related to slacked lime type cement and hydraulic type cement may be in the fluids resulting from drilling. In the case of hydraulic type cement, heating near drilling elements may cause settled particles to have a reduced liquid content and, therefore, result in a solid accumulation.
  • nanoforest filter 121 With the inclusion of nanoforest filter 121, free access of particles to the accumulation zone 122 is substantially reduced. Particles may temporarily accumulate in or near the circulation zone 86, but circulation of fluid through the circulation zone 86 prevents or reduces large scale accumulation of particles or the accumulation of packs. Similarly, the circulation of fluid in the circulation zone 86 and near the nanoforest filter 121 assists in dislodging and removing particles that become lodged in the nanoforest filter 121 near the circulation zone 86.
  • the circulation zone 86 is in fluid communication with the accumulation zone 122 but the presence of the nanoforest filter 121 between the accumulation zone 122 and the circulation zone 86 restricts particles that may be present in fluid circulating in the circulation zone 86 from reaching the accumulation zone 122.
  • the nanoforest filter 121 is configured to catch particles or cuttings that result from drilling operations or are otherwise present in the downhole environment.
  • nanoforest filter 121 may be characterized by a lower density of nanotubes or other nanostructures than an ordinary nanoforest.
  • a lower density nanoforest filter may allow for some flow of fluids into or through the nanoforest filter 121 but the prevention of the movement of particles past the nanoforest filter 121. This presence of the nanoforest filter 121 prevents the formation of packs in unwanted areas.
  • the length of the nanotubes or rods grown in this configuration typically may be longer in length, up to on the order of millimeters long, and grown such that the density of the nanotubes is not great, since the carbon nanoforest is designed to act as a filter rather than a more solid barrier to the penetration of particles.
  • nanotubes of a variety of sizes may be grown, with typical heights from 10 to 100 micrometers and diameters from 10 to 100 nanometers.
  • the height of the carbon nanoforest may be greater, on the order of millimeters.
  • Typical particle size in resulting drilling operations is on the order 1 to 100 micrometers. Therefore, the density of nanotubes in the carbon nanoforest may be designed to correspond to these or other expected particle sizes. In areas where increased flow of fluids though the carbon nanoforest is necessary, the density of the carbon nanoforest may be reduced, such that the distance between nanotubes approaches 1 micrometer (or more in some embodiments). Where increased flow is not necessary, a more tightly packed carbon nanoforest may be utilized.
  • FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a drilling rig 208 having a downhole tool 209 with carbon nanoforests according to an illustrative embodiment.
  • the drilling rig 208 employs sections of pipe 210 to form a drill string that is capable of transferring rotational force to a drill bit 200.
  • a pump 212 may be provided to circulate drilling fluid (as represented by arrows A) to the bottom of the wellbore through the sections of pipe 210 and back to the surface through an annulus between the pipe 210 and the wellbore.
  • the applied weight-on bit forces cutters of the drill bit 200 into a substrate being drilled.
  • the cutters of the drill bit 200 apply a compressive force to the substrate which exceeds the yield stress of the substrate, and induces fracturing in the substrate.
  • the resulting fragments (also referred to as “cuttings") are flushed away from a cutting face of the drill bit 200 by the drilling fluid or "mud" flowing past the drill bit 200.
  • Rotary joints, static joints, and the like in a variety of wellbore tools are many times not sealed to the annular pressure and flow of drilling muds. Due to tolerances necessary in manufacturing and assembly of these tools, relatively large gaps can result. In many of these joints, enlarged spaces or cavities also are present. These spaces may become accumulation zones and may collect drilling particles that eventually interfere with the operations of the tool. Therefore, nano forests may be deployed at any joint, space, or cavity in which or through which it is desired to prevent or reduce the accumulation of particles. In some embodiments, the joint or cavity at which the nanoforest is deployed may be between two components or parts that move relative to one another.
  • An example of a wellbore tool that may be used with the drilling rig 208 of Fig. 4 is the reaming tool 80 described with reference to Figs. 1-3.
  • Figs. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional side and end views, respectively, of a downhole tool 409 having an exemplary gap 400 between a first element 404 and a second element 408.
  • the downhole tool 409 may be any particular downhole tool and is not limited to the examples of downhole tools described previously, such as the reaming tool 80 of Figs. 1-3 and the downhole tool 209 of Fig. 4. While described as a gap, gap 400 could instead be a channel, passage, joint, cavity, space, or other zone or area associated with a downhole tool within which it is desired to reduce or prevent the accumulation of particles.
  • a carbon nanoforest 420 may be strategically arranged between the first element 404 and the second element 408.
  • carbon nanoforest 420 may act as a filter to reduce or prevent the access of cuttings 436 or other particles to an accumulation zone 418 (Fig. 5 A), thereby preventing the formation of what would be a pack 422 had the carbon nanoforest 420 not been present.
  • Fig. 5 A further illustrates how drilling fluid including cuttings 436 flows in gap 400 and contacts carbon nanoforest 420.
  • Fluid and cuttings 436 circulating or otherwise flowing in or through the gap 400 may encounter the carbon nanoforest 410, and some cuttings 436 may return to the wellbore (arrow A), while some cuttings 436 may partially penetrate (arrow B) carbon nanoforest 420.
  • Carbon nanoforest 420 may be configured to obstruct the majority of cuttings 436, allowing the particles to recirculate out of gap 400 with the fluid (arrow A) and substantially filter the other cuttings 436 that are carried with the fluid that traverses carbon nanoforest 420 (arrow B).
  • Fig. 5B illustrates an end view of the gap 400 of Fig. 5A taken at 5B-5B and illustrates a plurality of cuttings 436 trapped within carbon nanoforest 420.
  • Figs. 6A and 6B are side views of yet another embodiment of a reaming tool 500 having a nanoforest filter 505 arranged in a gap, joint, channel, cavity, space, area, or other zone within which it is desired to reduce or prevent the accumulation of particles.
  • the reaming tool 500 includes a tubular body 510 and cutter blocks 520, which in Fig. 6A are shown in a retracted position.
  • cutter blocks 520 may be moved into an extended position (Fig. 6B) to enlarge the size of a wellbore in which the reaming tool 500 is deployed and rotated.
  • the reaming tool 500 may include multiple actuation components internal to the tubular body 510 and which are not illustrated in Figs. 6A and 6B. These components are capable of cooperating to extend and retract the cutter blocks 520. The joints or gaps between these actuation components are a few examples of the locations in which it may be desirable to include the nanoforest filter 505.
  • the presence of nano forests in downhole tools may also assist in tool lubrication.
  • the byproduct will include nanotube segments, graphene, or few layer graphene, all of which are effective lubricants.
  • the carbon nanoforest may prove useful in providing protection to the mating surface to which the carbon nanoforest is coupled, which may further extend the lifetime of the wellbore tool.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a carbon nanoforest being grown on a mating surface of a joint.
  • the carbon nanoforests may be grown on a mating surface 724 of an element 726 of a joint by providing a plurality of densely packed nanoparticle catalysts 734 on the mating surface 724 and exposing the nanoparticle catalysts 734 to carbon nanostructure growth conditions for a period of time to achieve a carbon nanoforest 728 of a desired height.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates sequential schematics demonstrating growth of a carbon nanoforest on a substrate and then either adhering the substrate to a mating surface (Al) or adhering the carbon nanoforests to the mating surface (Bl) and subsequently removing the substrate (B2). More particularly, a plurality of densely packed nanoparticle catalysts 834 may be provided on a substrate 830, and the nanoparticle catalysts 834 may be exposed to carbon nanostructure growth conditions for a time period so as to achieve a carbon nanoforest 828 with a desired height. The substrate 830 may then be adhered or otherwise coupled to a portion of a mating surface 824 of an element 826 of a joint with an adhesive 832 (e.g., illustrated in A2 of Fig. 8).
  • an adhesive 832 e.g., illustrated in A2 of Fig. 8
  • the carbon nanoforest 828 itself may be adhered or otherwise coupled to a portion of a the mating surface 824 of the element 826 of the joint with the adhesive 832 (e.g., illustrated in Bl of Fig. 8).
  • the carbon nanoforest may be separated from the substrate 830 (e.g., illustrated in B2 Fig. 8).
  • Preventing the formation of a pack in key areas of downhole tools is an important factor in being able to continuously perform drilling operations.
  • carbon nanoforests may improve the operation of downhole tools.
  • many examples of specific combinations are within the scope of the disclosure, some of which are detailed below.
  • Example 1 A reaming tool comprising:
  • tubular body having an axial cavity and a plurality of housings, each of the housings having an opening through a periphery of the tubular body;
  • a cutter element positioned in each of the housings, the cutter element movable between a retracted position and an extended position;
  • a drive mechanism positioned within the tubular body and movable relative to the tubular body to extend or retract each cutter element
  • a carbon nanotube forest coupled to one of the drive mechanism and the tubular body to reduce or prevent accumulation of particles in the gap.
  • Example 2 The reaming tool of example 1, wherein carbon nanotube forest is positioned within the gap.
  • Example 3 The reaming tool of example 1, wherein the drive mechanism is a hollow piston that is capable of axially moving within the tubular body to extend or retract each cutter element.
  • Example 4 The reaming tool of example 1 further comprising:
  • carbon nanotube forest is positioned within the gap between the circulation zone and the accumulation zone.
  • Example 5 The reaming tool of example 4, wherein the carbon nanotube forest is in fluid communication with both the circulation zone and the accumulation zone.
  • Example 6 The reaming tool of example 1, wherein:
  • the carbon nanotube forest is positioned within the gap and a distance, D, from an end of the gap;
  • the gap has a height, H;
  • the ratio of D:H is between about 0.1 and about 1.
  • Example 7 The reaming tool of example 6 further comprising:
  • carbon nanotube forest is positioned within the gap between the circulation zone and the accumulation zone;
  • Example 8 A downhole tool, comprising:
  • a carbon nanotube forest coupled to a portion of the downhole tool and positioned in fluid communication with both the circulation zone and the accumulation zone, the carbon nanotube forest reducing or preventing particles in the circulation zone from accumulating in the accumulation zone.
  • Example 9 The downhole tool of example 8, wherein the carbon nanotube forest includes nanotubes spaced apart not more than 1 micrometer.
  • Example 10 The downhole tool of example 8, wherein the carbon nanotube forest includes nanotubes having heights of between about 10 micrometers and 100 micrometers.
  • Example 11 The downhole tool of example 8, wherein the carbon nanotube forest includes nanotubes having diameters of between about 10 nanometers and 100 nanometers.
  • Example 12 The downhole tool of example 8 further comprising:
  • the accumulation zone is a region within the gap; and wherein the carbon nanotube forest is positioned within the gap and is coupled to at least one of the first and second element.
  • Example 13 The downhole tool of example 12, wherein:
  • the carbon nanotube forest is arranged between the circulation zone and the accumulation zone.
  • Example 14 The downhole tool of example 8, wherein the first element is capable of movement relative to the second element during operation of the downhole tool.
  • Example 15 A method for reducing or preventing the accumulation of particles in a downhole tool, the method comprising:
  • arranging a carbon nanoforest in fluid communication with the accumulation zone to filter a particle that would otherwise accumulate at the accumulation zone.
  • Example 16 The method of example 15, further comprising:
  • Example 17 The method of example 15, wherein arranging the carbon nanoforest further comprises coupling the carbon nanoforest to at least one element of the downhole tool.
  • Example 18 The method of example 17, wherein the downhole tool is a remaining tool and the at least one element is a one of a tubular body and a hollow piston.
  • Example 19 The method of example 15, wherein arranging the carbon nanoforest further comprises positioning the carbon nanoforest within a gap defined between a first element and a second element of the downhole tool.
  • Example 20 The method of example 15, wherein identifying the accumulation zone is performed using fluid flow analysis techniques to identify areas where stagnant flow is possible.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil d'alésage comprenant un corps tubulaire ayant une cavité axiale et une pluralité de logements. Chacun des logements comporte une ouverture à travers une périphérie du corps tubulaire. Un élément de coupe est positionné dans chacun des logements, et l'élément de coupe est mobile entre une position rétractée et une position étendue. Un mécanisme d'entraînement est positionné à l'intérieur du corps tubulaire et est mobile par rapport au corps tubulaire pour étendre ou rétracter chaque élément de coupe. Un espace est défini entre le mécanisme d'entraînement et le corps tubulaire. Une forêt de nanotubes de carbone est accouplée au mécanisme d'entraînement ou au corps tubulaire pour réduire ou empêcher l'accumulation de particules dans l'espace.
PCT/US2014/024930 2014-03-12 2014-03-12 Prévention d'exclusion et d'accumulation de particules à l'aide de filtres à forêt de nanotubes sur des outils de fond WO2015137947A1 (fr)

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US14/438,814 US20160290054A1 (en) 2014-03-12 2014-03-12 Particle exclusion and accumulation prevention using nanoforest filters on downhole tools
PCT/US2014/024930 WO2015137947A1 (fr) 2014-03-12 2014-03-12 Prévention d'exclusion et d'accumulation de particules à l'aide de filtres à forêt de nanotubes sur des outils de fond

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