WO2015137255A1

WO2015137255A1 - Composite material

Info

Publication number: WO2015137255A1
Application number: PCT/JP2015/056684
Authority: WO
Inventors: 英俊神尾; 光男菅原
Original assignee: 黒崎播磨株式会社
Priority date: 2014-03-12
Filing date: 2015-03-06
Publication date: 2015-09-17
Also published as: JPWO2015137255A1; JP6524065B2

Abstract

The present invention provides a composite material with high cracking dispersive property and a crack development prevention effect even at high temperatures. In this composite material, a reinforcement (2) formed by joining a plurality of unit structural bodies (2a) so as to mutually have slippage is disposed in a matrix section (1) that contains an inorganic material. The reinforcement (2) has the slippage ratio, which is the ratio of the total amount of slippage to the initial length, of 0.035-2.5%.

Description

Composite material

The present invention relates to a composite material in which a reinforcing material is disposed in a matrix portion including an inorganic material, and in particular, used for concrete for construction or civil engineering, or a molten metal container, a molten metal processing device, a cement kiln, an incinerator, etc. The present invention relates to a composite material used as a structural ceramic for use in parts used for various refractories, or various devices, devices, structures and the like.

There is known a technique of adding a fiber reinforced material as a reinforcing material to strengthen a refractory used in concrete for construction or civil engineering, a molten metal container or the like.

For example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for imparting a multiple crack characteristic in which a plurality of cracks are dispersed and generated by the addition of a fiber reinforcing material, thereby improving the fracture energy. This Non-Patent Document 1 describes the relationship between the crack opening width and the crosslinking stress at the time of cracking, and as a condition for generating multiple cracks, a characteristic is required that the crosslinking stress becomes higher as the crack opening width becomes larger. ing.

In addition, in order to significantly improve the heat resistance spalling resistance, impact resistance, and peeling resistance of the monolithic refractories, a technique is also known in which a plurality of metal fibers having different lengths and cross-sectional areas are added to the monolithic refractories. (See, for example, Patent Document 1).

Furthermore, there is also known a concrete-based composite material that exhibits a flexural hardening phenomenon in which the load increases with many cracks by forming reinforcing short fibers into a specific cross-sectional shape (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

JP-A-11-157948 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2010-53014

Although the above-mentioned non-patent document 1 describes the conditions for generating fine crack dispersion by using a mathematical mechanical model, it is difficult to obtain all the parameters directly from the experiment, and it is difficult to The specific means for making the material in the form of a crack distribution is not described.

Patent Document 1 is an application filed by the applicant of the present application and its contents are well known, but the technology of adding metal fibers described in Patent Document 1 does not take the form of crack dispersion. That is, in the case of general metal fibers, when the fibers come off, the contact area between the matrix and the fibers decreases, and the crosslinking stress decreases accordingly. When the crosslinking stress decreases, it is considered that the crack development does not occur because the crack growth that has occurred in the early stage can not be suppressed. For this reason, the crack extension prevention effect more than fixed is not acquired.

Patent Document 2 also describes a fiber-reinforced concrete composite material in the form of crack dispersion using an organic resin reinforcing short fiber. The organic resin reinforcing short fibers have a high effect of improving the crack dispersibility, and it is considered that the effect is showing a flex-hardening property. However, since the organic resin reinforcing staple fiber melts at about 150 ° C., the effect can not be expected with a refractory used for a molten metal container etc. or a structural ceramic used at a temperature exceeding 150 ° C. Also, in tunnel fires and building fires, concrete is required to have high fracture toughness under high temperatures, but even in such a case, high effects can not be expected.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a composite material having high crack dispersibility and crack growth prevention effect even under high temperature.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composite material in which a reinforcing material formed by connecting a plurality of unit structures with a sliding amount to a matrix portion comprising an inorganic material is disposed.

Here, the "slip amount" is defined as follows. That is, the unit structure body of the reinforcing material of the present invention is displaced at a low load level by sliding on each other at the beginning when load is received, but the load is rapidly transmitted after displacement by a fixed amount. The displacement amount at this time is the "slip amount". And in this invention, the ratio ((total slip / initial length) x 100) of the sum total (total slip) of the slip of a unit structure to the initial length of a reinforcement is defined as "slip rate". In addition, the initial length and the amount of slip (total amount of slip) of the reinforcing material are evaluated by a three-dimensional path.

In the composite material of the present invention, since the unit structures constituting the reinforcing member are connected to each other with a sliding amount, the rigidity of the reinforcing member at the sliding position limit position is the sliding position limit position. It will be higher than the stiffness before reaching. For this reason, it is possible to disperse the cracks in the matrix portion and prevent a single crack from extending. Specifically, when an initial crack occurs in the matrix portion, the unit structural body reaches the limit position of the slippage due to the crack deformation of the matrix portion, and the rigidity of the reinforcing material becomes high. When the rigidity of the reinforcing material is increased, a crack occurs in a portion different from the portion where the initial crack is formed. That is, the crack takes a dispersed form. This can prevent the extension of the crack. And in the present invention, the unit structure itself does not need to have a flexural hardening property (strain hardening property), so it can be formed of a metal or a ceramic, and has high crack dispersibility and crack propagation preventing effect even under high temperature. Can play.

It is a conceptual diagram showing the crack dispersibility of the composite material of this invention. The model of FEM analysis which verified the effect by the crack dispersibility of the composite material of this invention is shown. The load transfer characteristic example of the non-linear spring used for the model of FIG. 2 is shown. The example of the load-displacement curve obtained by FEM analysis of the bending test by the model of FIG. 2 is shown. The relationship between the failure energy index | exponent and slip ratio which were obtained by the said FEM analysis is shown. It is an explanatory view showing the amount of twist of a chain (twist rotation angle of a ring). The model of numerical analysis for investigating the relation between the amount of twist of the chain (torsion rotation angle of the ring) and the slip ratio is shown. Same as above. The results of the above numerical analysis (load-displacement curve of each model) are shown. The results of the above numerical analysis (the relationship between the twist rotation angle of the ring and the slip ratio of the chain) are shown. The application form to the molten metal container of the composite material of this invention is shown. The application form to rod-shaped members, such as a lance, of the composite material of this invention is shown. The application form to the concrete structure of the composite material of this invention is shown. 6 shows another form of reinforcement used in the composite material of the present invention. The unit structure which comprises the reinforcing material of FIG. 14 is shown. The example which applied the reinforcing material of FIG. 14 to a block-like refractory material is shown. The example of the result of having detected the form of the crack by the digital image correlation method when the composite material of each case is subjected to a bending test is shown. The load-displacement curve obtained by the above-mentioned bending test is shown.

First, with reference to FIG. 1, the crack dispersion characteristic of the composite material of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 1 (a) shows the initial state of the composite material. A reinforcing member 2 formed by connecting a plurality of unit structural bodies 2a with a sliding amount to each other is disposed in a matrix portion 1 including an inorganic material.

From this initial state, when the left end is fixed in FIG. 1 and tensile stress is applied rightward, a crack (initial crack) is generated in the weak portion of the matrix portion 1 as shown in FIG. 1 (b). Thereafter, the reinforcing member 2 is easily displaced at a low load level until the unit structure 2a reaches the limit position of the slippage. At this time, a minute crack opening occurs (the state of FIG. 1 (c)).

When the unit structure 2a reaches the limit position of the slip amount, the rigidity of the reinforcing member 2 is increased, the load transferability is recovered, and the tensile stress applied to the matrix portion 1 is increased again. When a tensile stress is further applied, a second crack is generated in the weak portion of the matrix portion 1 (state of FIG. 1 (d)). After that, even in the second crack portion, a minute crack opening is generated by the same mechanism as that of FIG. 1 (c) (state of FIG. 1 (e)). Subsequently, a third crack is generated in the weak portion of the matrix portion 1 by the same mechanism as that of FIG. 1D (state of FIG. 1F). After that, as a result of repeating the crack generation and the recovery of the load transferability, the cracks are in a dispersed state (the state of FIG. 1 (g)).

In addition, FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the crack dispersibility of the composite material of this invention intelligibly, and this invention is not limited to this conceptual diagram. That is, in the reinforcing material 2 of FIG. 1, although the some unit structure 2a was mutually connected with the same slippage amount, the slippage amount of each connection part may differ. Also, the unit structures do not have to have the same shape. For example, in FIG. 1, when the amount of slippage at any one of the connection portions is substantially zero, the unit structures 2a connected at the connection portions may be regarded as uniting to constitute one unit structure. It is within the scope of the present invention as long as the sliding amount is secured at the connecting portion with the adjacent unit structure 2a.

Next, an FEM analysis example will be described in which the effect of the crack dispersibility of the composite material of the present invention is verified.

First, a model of the present FEM analysis will be described with reference to FIG. In this FEM analysis, as shown in FIG. 2A, a composite material is assumed in which a chain (link chain) in which rings as unit structures are connected with a slip amount as reinforcement members is disposed in a matrix portion, And as shown in FIG.2 (b), the ring was replaced with the rod-shaped member and the connection part of rings was replaced with the non-linear spring, and it was set as the FEM model of the bending test piece. FIG. 3 shows an example of load transfer characteristics of a non-linear spring. This non-linear spring transmits a load at a displacement amount change ratio of 0.36% with respect to a length obtained by adding the rod-like member and the spring. That is, the slip ratio of the reinforcing member by the non-linear spring in FIG. 3 is 0.36%. In addition, the fracture model defined by the crack generation stress, the softening coefficient, and the shear retention was applied to the matrix material. Although the shear retention was considered to be strain-dependent so that the stiffness decreases with the progress of failure, it is difficult to directly determine its parameters in material testing, so for bending tests performed at several slip rates, It was adjusted in advance so that the features of the failure mode and load-displacement curve could be expressed.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a load-displacement curve obtained by FEM analysis of a bending test according to the model of FIG. 2 (b). In the drawing, a circle は indicates an example of the present invention in which the slip ratio of the reinforcing member by the non-linear spring is 0.7%, and a ▲ indicates a comparative example in which the slip ratio of the reinforcing member by the non-linear spring is 0%. The area of the load-displacement curve corresponds to the fracture energy, but in the inventive example, the fracture energy increased compared to the comparative example.

FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the fracture energy obtained by the FEM analysis and the slip ratio of the reinforcing material. The vertical axis of the figure is a fracture energy index obtained by indexing the fracture energy of the comparative example having a slip ratio of 0% as 1. As shown in the figure, a remarkable increase in fracture energy was observed when the slip ratio was in the range of 0.035% to 2.5%. From this, it can be said that the preferable range of the slip ratio of the reinforcing material in the present invention is 0.035% or more and 2.5% or less.

Here, when the reinforcing material is a chain having a ring as a unit structure, the chain can secure a sliding amount by twisting, and by adjusting the twisting amount (twist rotation angle of the ring), the sliding amount ( Slip rate can be adjusted. Therefore, the relationship between the amount of twist of the chain (twist rotation angle of the ring) and the slip ratio was investigated by numerical analysis.

First, the twist amount of the chain, that is, the twist rotation angle of the ring is defined. FIG. 6 (a) shows the initial state of the chain. In this initial state, that is, at a position where the twist rotation angle of the ring is 0 degrees, one end of the chain is fixed in such a direction that the chain extends in the vertical direction, and no external force is applied to the other rings. Determined in the stretched state by gravity. Then, in this state, when a force or a forced displacement in a rotational direction (around the axis of the extending direction) in a plane perpendicular to the extending direction of the chain is applied to the rings other than the fixed ring, as shown in FIG. The ring rotates. The rotation angle θ per ring at this time is defined as the twist rotation angle of the ring.

FIG. 7 shows a model of this numerical analysis. The dimensions and shape as a unit structure are as shown in the figure, and it is the basic model 1 that is connected as a link chain. That is, the twist rotation angle of the ring of model 1 is 0 degrees. The models 2 to 5 are obtained by changing the twisting rotation angle by twisting the ring around the axis of the chain in the extension direction. That is, the twist rotation angle of each model is 5 degrees for model 2, 7.5 degrees for

model

3, 10 degrees for model 4, and 18.8 degrees for model 5.

In the numerical analysis, as shown in FIG. 8, each model is arranged in the x direction, and a tensile stress is applied in the x direction under the condition that the displacement of the chain ring in the y and z directions at the end is constrained. The reason for constraining the displacement in the y and z directions is that the reinforcing material (chain) is restricted from rotation (displacement) about the axis in its extension direction by the surrounding matrix material even in the matrix part of the actual composite material. .

The results of the numerical analysis are shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. FIG. 9 shows the load-displacement curve of each model, and FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the twist rotation angle of the ring and the slip ratio of the chain obtained from the numerical analysis results of each model. The amount of displacement when the load rises sharply in FIG. 9 is the “total slip amount”.

As shown in FIG. 10, by setting the twist rotation angle to 7.5 degrees or more, a slip ratio equal to or more than the preferable lower limit (0.035%) of the slip ratio previously identified in FIG. 5 is secured. Can.

The composite material of the present invention described above is a concrete for construction or civil engineering or a refractory metal container used for a molten metal container, a molten metal processing device, a cement kiln, an incinerator or the like, or various devices, devices, structures It is suitably applied as a structural ceramic used for parts used in, etc. Hereinafter, the application form is illustrated.

FIG. 11 shows an application form to a molten metal container, (a) and (b) being an application form to an inner wall, and (c) being an application form to an outer wall. The matrix part 1 is made of a refractory material for both the inner and outer walls, and a chain 2 is disposed as a reinforcing material.

On the inner wall, a plurality of eyebolts 4 project at equal intervals from the iron skin 3. In FIG. 11 (a), both ends of the chain 2 are welded and fixed to the head of the eyebolts 4 at both ends. It passes through the circle of her head. And, the slip rate is given over the entire length of the chain 2. On the other hand, in FIG. 11 (b), welding is fixed to the head of each eyebolt 4 also in the middle of the chain 2. In this case, it is preferable to make the chain 2 have a slip ratio between the eyebolts 4.

In the outer wall shown in FIG. 11 (c), a plurality of Y studs 5 protrude at equal intervals from the iron skin 3, and both ends of the chain 2 are welded and fixed to the heads of the Y studs 5 at both ends. Is mounted on the head (branch) of the Y stud 5. And, the slip rate is given over the entire length of the chain 2.

FIG. 12 shows an application form to a rod-like member such as a lance. Also in the lance, the matrix portion 1 is made of a refractory material, and as shown in FIG. 12A, a plurality of Y studs 7 project from the core metal 6. 12 (b) to (g) show an actual application mode, and in FIG. 12 (b), a chain 2 is placed in a spiral shape so as to be placed on the head (branch) of the Y stud 7 as a reinforcing material, The both ends are fixed by welding to the head of upper and lower Y studs 7. And, the slip rate is given over the entire length of the chain 2. In FIG. 12C, welding is fixed to the head of the Y stud 7 at a plurality of places also in the middle of the chain 2. In this case, it is preferable to make the chain 2 have a slip ratio between the welding points.

In FIG. 12 (d), the chains 2 are arranged vertically, and in FIG. 12 (e), the spiral arrangement of FIG. 12 (b) and the vertical arrangement of FIG. 12 (d) are combined. Further, as shown in FIG. 12 (f), a plurality of chains 2 may be arranged in a spiral, or as shown in FIG. 12 (g), the chains 2 may be arranged in an annular shape only in the important part. Also good.

In any of the configurations shown in FIGS. 12 (b) to 12 (g), the chain 2 is disposed with a slip ratio. The arrangement of the chain 2 in the circumferential direction may be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the degree of coarseness and density of the Y studs 7 in the circumferential direction of the core metal 6 as shown in FIGS. 12 (h) and 12 (i). .

FIG. 13 shows an application form to a concrete structure. In the concrete structure, the matrix portion 1 is made of a concrete material, and as shown in FIG. 13A, reinforcing bars 8 are arranged in the matrix portion 1. FIG. 13 (b) shows an actual application mode, in which a support member 9 is attached to the reinforcing bar 8 and both ends of the chain 2 are fixed to the support member 9 as a reinforcing member to make a plurality of chains 2 a matrix part. It is arranged in 1. At this time, each chain 2 is arranged with a slip ratio.

Next, another embodiment of the reinforcing material used for the composite material of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 14 shows another form of reinforcement. Moreover, FIG. 15 shows the unit structure which comprises the reinforcing material of FIG. 14, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view.

The reinforcing member 20 of FIG. 14 is configured by connecting a plurality of the ceramic members 21 of FIG. 15 as a unit structure. The ceramic member 21 which is a unit structure is made of alumina, for example, and has a block shape of about 25 mm in height and width and about 10 mm in thickness. The ceramic member 21 has a convex portion 21a on the upper surface and two concave portions 21b on the lower surface. The respective convex portions 21a and the concave portions 21b are provided at positions aligned in the vertical direction, and the through holes 21c communicate with each other at the centers thereof. Then, the plurality of ceramic members 21 are arranged in a zigzag manner, and the convex portions 21a and the concave portions 21b of the adjacent ceramic members 21 are fitted to obtain a planar reinforcing material 20 as shown in FIG. In the example of FIG. 14, the ceramic members 21 are connected not to be detached by inserting a metal wire (for example, a stainless steel wire) 22 into the through holes 21 c of the connected ceramic members 21. That is, the metal wires 22 are used to temporarily fix the ceramic members 21 in the process of producing the composite material, and the purpose is not to transmit load when the composite material is used. For this reason, it is not necessary to use an excessively thick metal wire 22, and even a material whose strength decreases at high temperature does not cause a problem in the function of the composite material.

The reinforcing material 20 of FIG. 14 is placed, for example, in a cast form, and in this state, a flowable matrix material is poured, and then the matrix material is solidified to produce a composite material.

In the reinforcing member 20 of FIG. 14, in the fitting portion between the convex portion 21a and the concave portion 21b of each ceramic member 21, there is a play (clearance of about 1 mm) in a lateral direction (left and right direction in FIG. 14). is there. That is, the ceramic members 21 are connected to each other in a lateral direction with a sliding amount. Therefore, when the reinforcing member 20 is disposed in the matrix portion and tensile stress is applied in the left and right direction of FIG. 14, high crack dispersion can be obtained by the same mechanism as that of FIG. Although the play amount of about 1 mm shown here is too large in consideration of the progress of the crack, in the state of being disposed in the composite material, most of the gaps are filled with the matrix material, so it is actually small. Only the amount of play works effectively. For this reason, the next crack is generated without actually opening the crack width excessively.

FIG. 16 shows an example in which the reinforcing material 20 of FIG. 14 is applied to a block refractory. FIG. 6A shows an example in which the reinforcing member 20 is disposed in parallel to the heating surface 31 of the block-shaped refractory 30, and FIG. 4B shows a plurality of reinforcing members 20 disposed perpendicularly to the heating surface 31 of the block-shaped refractory 30. Example.

These block-shaped refractories 30 can be produced by arranging the reinforcing material 20 at a predetermined position of the mold and pouring the refractory material into it. At this time, the refractory material constituting the matrix portion also infiltrates around the fitting portion between the convex portion 21a and the concave portion 21b of each ceramic member 21 constituting the reinforcing member 20, but this composite material (block-shaped refractory When the force is applied to 30), the above-mentioned "slip amount" is secured by causing micro damage in the matrix portion around the fitting portion.

As described above, by arranging the reinforcing members 20 formed by connecting the plurality of ceramic members 21 with a sliding amount by fitting the convex portions 21a and the concave portions 21b to each other in the matrix portion, high crack dispersion can be obtained. For example, when the reinforcing material 20 is disposed in parallel to the heating surface 31 of the block-shaped refractory 30 as shown in FIG. 16A, a crack (crack) perpendicular to the heating surface 31 can be dispersed particularly. When a plurality of reinforcing members 20 are arranged perpendicularly to the heating surface 31 of the block-shaped refractory 30 as shown in FIG. 16B, cracks (cracks) parallel to the heating surface 31 can be dispersed particularly. Furthermore, by combining the forms of the arrangement of FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b), it is possible to disperse both the crack (crack) perpendicular to the heating surface 31 and the crack (crack) parallel thereto.

Moreover, since the unit structure which comprises the reinforcement material 20 is a ceramic member, since the refractory material which comprises a matrix part and a thermal expansion coefficient are compatible at the same level and good, compared with the case where a unit structure is made into a metal member The thermal expansion difference at the time of use becomes small, and the occurrence of excessive cracks (cracks) can be suppressed.

However, since the ceramic member is inferior in workability to the metal member, it is difficult to form a chain as shown in FIG. 7 by the ceramic member. Therefore, when using a ceramic member as a unit structure, it is realistic to employ | adopt the system connected by the fitting of the convex part 21a of the ceramic member 21, and the recessed part 21b, as FIG.14 and FIG.15 demonstrated.

The shape and size of the ceramic member are not limited to the example shown in FIG. In short, any structure may be used as long as it can be connected to each other with a sliding amount by fitting the convex portion and the concave portion.

As mentioned above, although the application form of the composite material of this invention was illustrated, it is needless to say that the application form of this invention is not limited to the illustration. Also, the arrangement of the reinforcing material is not limited to that shown in the drawings, and in short, it may be arranged with a slip ratio in the matrix portion.

Here, giving a slip ratio to a reinforcing material (for example, a chain) formed by connecting unit structures (for example, rings) is synonymous with connecting a plurality of unit structures with a sliding amount. And in order to secure the amount of slip (slip ratio), it is most convenient to use the above-mentioned twist (twist rotation angle) when the connecting member is a chain. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in addition to the above-mentioned fitting of the convex portion and the concave portion, the reinforcing material is temporarily fixed after securing a sliding amount to the unit structure, and the temporary fixing is released in the matrix. A resin or ceramic bond can be used for the above-mentioned temporary fixation. Alternatively, the connection portion of the unit structure may be coated with a low melting point resin, and the amount of slip may be secured by dissipating the heat during manufacturing or use. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the amount of slip (slip factor) can be secured in various manners.

Example A
The composite materials of the respective examples shown in Table 1 were subjected to a bending test to observe the form of cracks and determine the breaking energy.

The configurations of the matrix portion and the reinforcing material of the composite material of each example are as shown in Table 1. Here, in Table 1, “shrinkage” of the chain form of Example 1 means that the chain is contracted (temporarily connected with rings constituting the chain with slippage) temporarily fixed with epoxy resin. This means that the chain has a slip rate. The slip ratio of the chain of this example 1 is about 0.6%. Moreover, "twist" of the chain form of Example 2 means that the slip ratio was given to the chain by twisting mentioned above. The twist rotation angle of the chain of the second embodiment is about 26 degrees, and the slip ratio estimated from the simulation (see FIG. 10) exceeds 0.47%. On the other hand, “straight” of the chain form of Comparative Example 1 means a state in which a weight is attached to the lower end of the chain and suspended. The slip ratio of the chain of Comparative Example 1 is determined to be substantially 0%. This is the same as the simulation carried out at a slip ratio of 0%, as in the model of FIG. 2 (b) described above, no dispersion of cracks as seen in the simulation carried out at a slip ratio of 0.035% was observed. It is judged from the fact that shear cracks are localized and load transfer can not be performed with a relatively small amount of deflection. Comparative Example 2 uses only a conventional SUS fiber as a reinforcing material, and there is no concept of slip ratio.

In Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, two chains of each chain are disposed in a mold, and a refractory material to be a matrix portion is poured into the mold together with added moisture, and after hardening and curing, at 110 ° C. Drying for 24 hours gave a composite material. In Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, the SUS fiber was mixed with the refractory material to be the matrix portion together with the added water at the time of pouring. In Comparative Example 2, the SUS fiber was mixed with the added moisture into the refractory material to be the matrix portion, and after curing and curing, it was dried at 110 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a composite material.

The results of subjecting the composite materials of each example to a bending test are as shown in Table 1. Moreover, in FIG. 17, the result of having detected the form of the crack of Example 1, 2 and the comparative example 1 which made the chain the reinforcement by the digital image correlation method is shown. In the same figure, (a) shows Example 1, (b) shows Example 2, and (c) shows Comparative Example 1. FIG. 17 shows a state at a deflection amount of 7 mm.

Furthermore, FIG. 18 shows load-displacement curves of each example. In the figure, (a) is Example 1, (b) is Example 2, (c) is Comparative Example 1, and (d) is Comparative Example 2. Each was evaluated at n = 2, and the fracture energy was determined from the load-displacement curve at n = 2. This is shown in Table 1 as a fracture energy index which is indexed to the fracture energy of Comparative Example 2 as 100.

The results of the bending test will be described. As for the form of cracks, Examples 1 and 2 were in a dispersed state up to a deflection of 6 mm, and high crack dispersion was confirmed. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, cracks were localized at a deflection of 3 mm, and sufficient crack dispersibility was not obtained. Moreover, in the comparative example 2, a single crack generate | occur | produced and the crack dispersibility was not obtained. Moreover, Example 1 and 2 was remarkably excellent regarding destruction energy.

In addition, comprehensive evaluation in Table 1 was determined based on the form of the crack. When the form of the crack is in a dispersed state, the overall evaluation is ○ because the effect of preventing the extension of the crack is exhibited. Moreover, when the form of a crack was a single form, or when a crack was localized by the low deflection amount, since the effect of preventing extension of a crack was not show | played, comprehensive evaluation was made into x.

Example B
The composite materials of the respective examples shown in Table 2 were subjected to a bending test to observe the form of cracks and to obtain the breaking energy.

The configurations of the matrix portion and the reinforcing material of the composite material of each example are as shown in Table 2. Here, among the reinforcing materials, a ball chain, a mantel chain and a single jack chain were cut to a length of 60 mm and used. Although quantification of the slip rate of these chains is difficult, it has been confirmed that the slip rate is secured. The wire rope was cut to a length of 30 mm and used. The slip ratio of this wire rope and SUS fiber is substantially 0%.

In each case, a predetermined amount of reinforcing material was mixed with the added water into the material to be the matrix portion, and after hardening and curing, it was dried at 110 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain a composite material.

The results of subjecting the composite materials of the respective examples to a bending test are as shown in Table 2. Here, the fracture energy index in Table 2 is obtained by indexing the fracture energy of Comparative Example 5 as 100.

As shown in Table 2, in Examples 3 to 8 in which various chains were used as reinforcements, high crack dispersibility was confirmed and fracture energy was also sufficient. Although the configuration of the matrix portion was changed in Examples 3 to 5 and Examples 6, 7 and 8, the effect of the present invention was obtained regardless of the configuration of the matrix portion. That is, the matrix portions of Examples 3 to 5 are made of alumina-magnesium based refractory material, the matrix portion of Example 6 is made of alumina based refractory material, and the matrix portion of Example 7 has a particle diameter of 5-1 mm. The matrix portions of Examples 8 and 9 are made of a portland cement-based concrete material, but the effects of the present invention were obtained.

On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 3 to 5, single cracks occurred, and the crack dispersibility was not obtained.

In addition, the comprehensive evaluation in Table 2 was determined based on the form of the crack similarly to Table 1. In the case where the form of the crack is in a dispersed state, the overall evaluation is ○. Moreover, when the form of the crack was single, comprehensive evaluation was made into x.

The composite material according to the present invention is particularly useful for monolithic refractory materials used for cast or spray construction.

1 Matrix part 2 Reinforcement material (chain)
2a Unit structure (ring)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Iron skin 4 eyebolt 5 Y stud 6 core metal 7 Y stud 8 Reinforcement 9 Support member 20 Reinforcement 21 Ceramic member (unit structure)
21a convex portion 21b concave portion 21c through hole 30 block-shaped refractory 31 heating surface

Claims

A composite material in which a reinforcing material formed by connecting a plurality of unit structures with a slip amount to each other is disposed in a matrix portion including an inorganic material.
The composite material according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of cracks are dispersed and generated in the matrix portion when subjected to a bending test.
The composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcing material has a slip ratio which is a ratio of a total slip amount to an initial length of 0.035% or more and 2.5% or less.
The composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reinforcing material is a chain having a ring as a unit structure.
The composite material according to claim 4, wherein the slippage is secured by twisting the ring around an axis of the chain in the extension direction.
The composite material according to claim 5, wherein a twist rotation angle of the ring is 7.5 degrees or more.
The said reinforcement material makes a slide amount mutually connect several ceramic members by fitting of a convex part and a recessed part by making the ceramic member which has a convex part and a recessed part into a unit structure, It connects with each other. Composite materials.
The composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the matrix portion is made of a refractory material or a concrete material.