WO2015133933A1 - Устройство для преобразования солнечной энергии - Google Patents
Устройство для преобразования солнечной энергии Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015133933A1 WO2015133933A1 PCT/RU2015/000118 RU2015000118W WO2015133933A1 WO 2015133933 A1 WO2015133933 A1 WO 2015133933A1 RU 2015000118 W RU2015000118 W RU 2015000118W WO 2015133933 A1 WO2015133933 A1 WO 2015133933A1
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- Prior art keywords
- strip
- solar energy
- converting solar
- trenches
- trench
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
- F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of solar energy, namely: to semiconductor devices for generating electrical energy from the solar light, in particular to devices of matrix photoelectric converters with special surface reliefs that convert solar energy into electrical energy, and can be used for receiving and storing electric energy, for example, as sources of electricity for lighting in the dark, electric pump operation, in the system x power supply of various objects — automobiles, boats, yachts, weather observation points, telecommunication systems, information stands, etc.
- the main disadvantage of existing devices for converting solar energy into electrical energy is a large dependence of efficiency on the angle of incidence of solar radiation.
- the efficiency begins to drop sharply and at angles of about 40 ° the device for converting solar energy practically ceases to convert solar energy.
- the presence of light traps in the form of cavities leads to the possibility of radiation entering the structure with a significant deviation of the sun from the zenith.
- the solar cell disclosed in WO j ⁇ ° 2012074176, 2012, MKI HO 1L31 / 042, which includes a surface-structured first electrically conductive semiconductor layer with textured front and back surfaces on which the first and second are formed, is known from the prior art.
- oxide films respectively, a first electrically conductive high-density semiconductor layer formed within the surface of the first electrically conductive semiconductor layer, a plurality of first trench-type depressions formed at intervals on the back surface of the first electrically conductive semiconductor layer, a third oxide film formed on the outer the surfaces of the first recesses, the first and second electrically conductive impurity regions to provide mutually different forms of electrically conductivity in the first electrically conductive layer of the semiconductor between adjacent first recesses, the first and second metal electrodes formed in each of the first recesses respectively to the first and second electrically conductive adjoining regions.
- the disadvantages of the known solar cell is that the optical quality of the working surfaces of these recesses ensures that no more than 50% of the incident solar radiation is used. The rest of the radiation leaves the structures and is scattered in the surrounding space, that is, there are significant losses of incident solar radiation and, as a result, a low efficiency of solar energy conversion.
- the manufacturing technology of these structures, even of such low optical quality, is an expensive process. For the installation of elements of the known device requires rather bulky devices.
- the closest technical solution is the device for converting solar energy disclosed in patent WO N ° 2012074176, 2012, MKI HO 1L31 / 042, which contains at least one pair of substrates, each of which is made in the form of a strip, of this, at least one of the strips is made with a periodic profile in its longitudinal direction and a variable profile in the transverse direction, with a photo-receiving layer deposited on its working surface, while the substrates of one pair are interconnected with perhaps the ability to form at least one row of cavities in the form of cones and / or pyramids and / or spheres and / or spheroids and / or cylinders and / or truncated cones and / or truncated pyramids, wherein in different rows in the transverse direction can be made of various shapes.
- the thickness of the strip may be less than the height of the profile of the transverse and / or longitudinal section of this strip [2].
- a disadvantage of the known technical solution is that the optical quality of the working surfaces of these cavities ensures the use of not more than 50% of the incident solar radiation. The rest of the radiation leaves the structures and is scattered in the surrounding space, i.e., significant losses occur incident solar radiation and, as a consequence, low efficiency of solar energy conversion.
- a new technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the efficiency of the device for converting solar energy by increasing the absorption coefficient of the photodetector layer by increasing the number of re-reflections of the radiation reflected from the photodetector layer within the three-dimensional structure of the trench type, reducing the dependence of the absorption coefficient on the angle of incidence of solar radiation at simplification of manufacturing technology, installation and operation of the device, reducing its weight and, reducing the dependence of the absorption coefficient on the angle of incidence of solar radiation while simplifying the manufacturing technology, installation and operation of the device, reducing its weight and cost.
- a new technical result is achieved in that in a device for converting solar energy containing at least one pair of substrates, each of which is made in the form of a strip, while at least one of the strips is made profiled with periodically a repeating profile, forming a cavity of a trench type, and installed with the possibility of connecting its front surface with the back surface of the second strip, in contrast to the prototype, the strip is made of material that allows the formation of x profiled by means of bending, a strip made profiled with a periodically repeating profile forming a cavity of a trench type is installed with the possibility of connecting its front surface with the rear surface of the second strip and forming their profiles of at least one row of trenches, and from the strips of one pair — a flexible device for converting solar energy, the profiles of at least one row of trenches are made with the possibility of forming part of a circle and / or part of a hyperbola, and / or parabola and / or trenches with a flat, convex or concave bottom
- the sides can be made with a bend.
- a photodetector layer can be applied on the surface located between the edges of two adjacent sides made with an inclination to the center of the corresponding trench.
- a reflective coating may be placed between the second strip and the photopremium layer.
- a sealing body may be introduced into the device, which is installed with the possibility of sealing the cavities formed by the second strip.
- the space sealed by the sealing body may be filled with inert gas or a vacuum may be created in it.
- At least one translucent screen can be placed on the working surface of the sealing body.
- a layer can be deposited on the back surface of a translucent screen, which ensures the filtration of solar radiation incident on the working surface of the second band of a given wavelength.
- a protective coating can be applied to the front surface of the translucent screen.
- An additional protective screen can be placed on the back side of the first strip with the possibility of sealing the back side of the first strip against atmospheric effects.
- the space sealed by an additional protective shield may be filled with inert gas.
- a second sealed housing may be introduced into the device, made with openings that allow forced cooling through them of the rear side of the first strip by air ventilation or by supplying a coolant.
- the device can be made in two-way execution.
- Mounting units can be installed on the external circuit of the device, which makes it possible to assemble at least two devices for converting solar energy into a single solar battery with the creation of mechanical and electrical contacts between them and at least one antistatic device.
- FIG. 1 shows a device for converting solar energy with sides made with an inclination inward of the trench, side view and top view
- FIG. 2 a device for converting solar energy with sides along the contour of the corresponding trench, made vertically relative to an imaginary plane superimposed on the edges of the corresponding trench, side view and top view;
- FIG. 3 a device for converting solar energy with trench profiles executed as part of a hyperbola (parabola) with sides made vertically relative to an imaginary plane superimposed on the edges of the corresponding trench, side view and top view;
- FIG. 4 - a device for converting solar energy with trench profiles executed as part of a hyperbola (parabola) with sides executed with an inclination towards the center of the corresponding trench, side view and top view;
- FIG. 5 a device for converting solar energy with trench profiles with a convex bottom, inclined expanding side walls and sides, vertically executed with respect to an imaginary plane superimposed on the edges of the corresponding trench, side view and top view;
- FIG. 6 - a device for converting solar energy with trench profiles made with a convex bottom, inclined expanding side walls and sides made with an inclination towards the center of the corresponding trench, side view and top view;
- FIG. 7 scheme of a photodetector layer
- FIG. 8 a device for converting solar energy installed in a sealing case with a translucent screen placed on the working surface;
- FIG. 9 a device for converting solar energy with an additional protective shield hermetically connected on its rear side;
- FIG. 10 - a device for converting solar energy with a second sealed enclosure installed on the first sealing case
- FIG. 11 shows the course of the rays of the incident and reflected solar radiation.
- FIG. 12 shows the scattering in the angle of the rays of reflected solar radiation and the change in the nature of re-reflections in the presence of roughness on the front surface of the photodetector layer;
- FIG. 13 shows the course of the reflected rays for the profile of the trench as part of a circle
- FIG. 14 shows the course of reflected rays depending on the profile of the trench as part of a hyperbola (parabola);
- b in FIG. 15 shows the optimal arrangement of a device for converting solar energy relative to the plane of motion of the Sun;
- FIG. 16 shows the design of a device for converting solar energy in a double-sided design.
- a device for converting solar energy contains a pair of strips made of material, which makes it possible to form them profiled with a periodically repeating profile, forming cavities 1 of a trench type by bending, and from the strips of one pair, a flexible device for converting solar energy
- this first strip 2 is made profiled with the possibility of connecting its front surface 3 with the rear surface 8 of the second strip 4, superimposed on the first strip 2 and repeating it about il
- the profiles of the trenches are made in the form of a part of circle 5, while all the trenches are made outward curved relative to an imaginary plane superimposed on the edges of the corresponding trench of the first strip 2, with the sides 6 along the contour of the corresponding trench, and on the working surface of the trenches and
- the second strip 4 is coated with a photodetector layer 7.
- the sides 6 are made with an inclination inside the trench (Fig. 1).
- the first strip 2 is made of material that allows you to form a profile, for example, by vacuum pressing or stamping by matrices on a base substrate having a profile of the corresponding trench type. This ensures the optical quality of the walls of the corresponding trenches forming the cavities 1.
- the production of the profiled second strip 2 is carried out using serial equipment, which significantly reduces the cost of the substrate itself and the device for converting solar energy as a whole.
- the second flat strip 4 with the photodetector layer 7 deposited on its working surface by means of bending is laid on the front surface 3, profiled as a part of the circumference 5 of the trenches, with its back surface 8 and attached to it with an adhesive layer 9.
- sides 10 along the contour of the corresponding trench are made vertically relative to an imaginary plane superimposed on the edges of the corresponding trench of the first strip 2 (device plane).
- the profiles of the trenches are made in the form of a part of the hyperbola (parabola) 11, while their sides 10 are made vertically relative to an imaginary plane superimposed on the edges of the corresponding trench of the first strip 2 (device plane).
- the profiles of the trenches are made as part of the hyperbola (parabola) 11 and the side 12 is made with an inclination towards the center of the corresponding trench.
- the bottom 13 of the hyperbola (parabola) 11 is made flat.
- a reflective coating 14 is applied to the front surfaces of the sides 12.
- a photodetector layer 7 can be deposited on flat surfaces located between the edges of two adjacent boards, inclined to the center of the corresponding trench. On the surface located between the edges of two adjacent sides
- the profiles of the trenches are made with a convex bottom 15 and inclined expanding side walls 16, and the sides 10 are made vertically relative to an imaginary plane superimposed on the edges of the corresponding trench of the first strip 2 (device plane).
- the profiles of the trenches are made with a convex bottom 15 and inclined expanding side walls 16, and the sides 12 are made with an inclination towards the center of the corresponding trench.
- a reflective coating 14 can be installed (instead of the photodetector layer 7).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of a photodetector layer 7.
- the photodetector layer 7 is a composite structure and consists of a front electrode 36, a directly photoabsorbing layer 17, which can be made in single or multi-stage design, based on silicon, diatoms, etc., and have different absorption coefficients in different wavelength ranges of the solar spectrum and the back electrode 18.
- the photodetector layer 7 is placed on the front surface of the second strip 4. Moreover, between the second strip 4 and the photopremium layer 7 can be placed o reflective coating 19.
- FIG. 8 shows a device for converting solar energy 20 installed in a sealing housing 21, on the working surface 22 of which a translucent screen 23 can be placed. Sealing at the joints 24 of the sealing housing 21 and the translucent screen 23 with another device for converting solar energy 25 cavities 1 to protect the photodetector layer 7 from weathering.
- the pressurized mounting unit 26 provides a docking device for converting solar energy 20 to another device for converting solar energy 25.
- Contact pins 27 provide both the removal of electricity from a separate device for converting solar energy 20, and from several devices for converting solar energy 20, 25 with the corresponding their electrical contact leads 27.
- a translucent screen 23 can be coated with a layer 28, which filters the solar radiation incident on the working surface of the second strip 4 of a given wavelength, to ensure maximum absorption of radiation at the optimal wavelengths for a specific photoabsorbing layer 7.
- a layer 28 which filters the solar radiation incident on the working surface of the second strip 4 of a given wavelength, to ensure maximum absorption of radiation at the optimal wavelengths for a specific photoabsorbing layer 7.
- On the front side of the translucent screen 23 can be applied self-cleaning protective coating 29, with the property of dust, dirt, water repellent and increasing the resistance of the proposed device for converting solar energy to injury and scratches.
- the cooling of the device for converting solar energy in this case occurs due to natural convection from the developed surface of the devices 20, 25.
- an antistatic device 30 is installed on the sealing case 21.
- the space sealed by the sealing housing 21 may be filled with inert gas or a vacuum may be created in it.
- FIG. 9 shows a device for converting solar energy to the rear side of which an additional protective screen 31 is placed, hermetically connected to the first strip 2, while the sealed space 32 is filled with inert gas.
- the sealing case 21 is made with the possibility of sealing the device at the places of its docking with the translucent screen 23 and an additional protective screen 31 to protect the cavities 1, 32 from atmospheric exposure.
- the presence in the device for converting solar energy of a translucent screen 23 located on the working surface 22 of the device for converting solar energy, and an additional protective screen 31 located on the rear surface of the device for converting solar energy, allows in conjunction with the first strip 2, representing a substrate, to ensure the creation of the design of the honeycomb panel.
- These designs have high strength characteristics with a low specific gravity, which is important when installing a device for converting solar energy and its subsequent operation.
- FIG. 10 shows a device for converting solar energy, on the first sealing case 21 of which a second sealed case 33 can be installed, made with holes (fittings) 34, which enable forced cooling of the back side of the first strip 2 through them by air ventilation or supplying refrigerant 35 .
- All photodetector layers 7, front 36 and back 18 electrodes in contact with the front and back sides of the photodetector layer 7, respectively, are applied to the second strip 4 before or after embossing, after which the device for converting solar energy is assembled (Fig. 9-10), including in the form of a solar battery consisting of such devices (Fig. 8).
- the device for converting solar energy may contain the number of pairs of bands 2, 4, which is required depending on the conditions of its operation and the required power and performance.
- the cavities 1 are designed to provide the maximum possible absorption of solar energy incident on the photodetector layer 7 due to multiple re-reflection and, accordingly, radiation absorption inside the cavities 1 of the trenches of the corresponding type.
- Organization of additional "traps" for solar energy incident on the working surface of the device for converting solar energy in the form of a part of a circle 5, part of a hyperbola (parabola) 11, a trench with a flat bottom 13 (a convex bottom 15 or a concave bottom) and inclined expanding side walls 16, equipped with sides 6, 10, 12, allows to obtain a more efficient distribution of the angles of incidence of light on the surface of the photodetector layer 7, which increases the efficiency of the device for converting solar energy.
- each strip 2, 4 can be made, for example, of a flexible polymeric material or metal foil, providing flexibility of the strips 2, 4, for example, by compression or by vacuum forming of polymer films or metal foil.
- the choice of material of the second strip 4 depends on the type of photodetector layer 7 and the method of its application. For example, with the high-temperature method of creating pn junctions, copper, molybdenum, etc., are used as the second band 4, for example.
- the second strip 4 is the base on which the photodetector layer 7 and the front 36 and back 18 electrodes are applied.
- the necessity of having a dielectric layer 32 is determined.
- the back electrode 18, the photodetector layer 7 and the front electrode 36 are immediately sequentially formed on it (FIG. . 7).
- an additional dielectric layer is additionally deposited on it, on which the back electrode 18, the photoabsorbing layer 7 and the front electrode 36 are subsequently formed.
- a protective translucent screen 23 designed to protect the photodetector layer 7 and electrodes 18, 36 from the adverse effects of the external environment, can be placed on the working surface of the device for converting solar energy (Fig. 8).
- a protective translucent screen 23 are made of optically transparent polymeric materials (PVC, polycarbonate, etc.) or glass and, as a rule, a dust- and / or water-repellent and / or wear-resistant coating 29 is applied to its front surface, designed to increase the resistance surfaces to abrasion and scratches, as well as to repel dirt and water from the protective translucent screen 23.
- the dust and / or water-repellent and / or wear-resistant coating 29 is preferably made of polymethyl methacrylate with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m (Fig. 8).
- a layer 28 can be applied to the back surface of the protective translucent screen 23, which filters the solar radiation incident on the working surface 22 of the sealing body 21, of a given wavelength, and, as a result, optimizes the wavelength range of solar radiation passing through the protective transparent translucent screen 23 and dust and / or water-repellent and / or wear-resistant coating 29 (if any) for various types of photodetector 7.
- oxides are used: A1 20 0 (1.59), Si 0 2 (1.46), TU 2 (2 2-2.6); fluorides: MgF 2 (1.38), CaF 2 (1.24), LiF (1.35); sulfides: ZnS (2.35), CdS.
- the choice of a specific material depends on the type of the photodetector layer 7 and is determined by the wavelength of the spectrum actively absorbed by the photodetector layer 7.
- a holographic embossing layer can be used to create the filtering effect of solar radiation.
- a second airtight housing 33 can be installed on the first sealing case 21, made with holes (fittings) 34, which enable forced cooling of the back side of strip 2 through them by air ventilation or by supplying a coolant 35, such as water (Fig. 10) .
- a coolant 35 such as water (Fig. 10) .
- the introduction into the internal space of the second sealed housing 33, made with holes (fittings) 34, providing the possibility of forced cooling through them of the rear side of strip 2 by air ventilation or by supplying a coolant 35, for example, water or air, leads not only to reducing the temperature of strips 2, 4 and the photodetector 7, but also heats the refrigerant itself, for example, water, which in this case is an additional useful product of the invention. It is important to increase the efficiency of a device for converting solar energy, p which depends on the temperature associated with both the absorption of radiation and the ambient temperature.
- sealed spaces through the sealing housing 21 and the second sealed housing 33 allows you to protect the internal systems of the device for converting solar energy from atmospheric exposure and create an area of reduced pressure. Moreover, these sealed spaces can be filled with inert gas. Sealing can be created by welding or gluing the material along the external contour of the device for converting solar energy. This ensures a snug fit between the dust and / or water-repellent and / or wear-resistant coating 29 (if any) placed on the working surface of the device for converting solar energy, and an additional protective screen 31 located on the back of the device for the conversion of solar energy, as well as the translucent layer 23, in the honeycomb panel and reduces the likelihood of them peeling off during operation of the device for converting solar energy when the temperature of the bands 2, 4 increases.
- the required pressure difference is calculated taking into account operating conditions in the southern or northern climatic zones.
- the corresponding pairs of strips 2 and 4 can be sealed when they are connected to each other along the outer contour 12, while the sealed space of the sealing housing 21 and the second sealed housing 33 can be filled with inert gas or a vacuum can be created in it (Fig. 10) .
- fastening pressurized units 26 are installed, which are designed to enable the assembly of the required sizes of a number of devices for converting solar energy into a single solar battery with the creation of mechanical and electrical contacts between them.
- the pressurized fastening assemblies 26 can be made in the form of a push-button connection, for example, by embossing the relief.
- the sealed units 26 can be made in the form of any known joints, such as lock, threaded, etc.
- the solar energy conversion device is provided with an antistatic device 30 designed to ensure the removal of static electricity from the solar energy conversion device (Fig. 8).
- an antistatic device 30 an antistatic cord, for example, of the company "Human", installed on the external circuit of the device for converting solar energy, can be used.
- Electric buses provide electrical contact of the front 36 and rear 18 electrodes of individual devices for converting solar energy when they are assembled into a large solar battery. Electric buses provide the removal of electrical energy from the solar battery (Fig. 8).
- a device for converting solar energy works as follows.
- Solar radiation entering the cavities 1, formed along their outer contour with trenches in the form of a part of circle 5, part of a hyperbola (parabola) 11, trench with a flat bottom 13 (convex bottom 15 or concave bottom) and inclined expanding side walls 16, equipped with the sides 6, 10, 12 (Fig. 8) are repeatedly reflected from the walls of the corresponding cavities 1.
- light is absorbed in the photodetector layer 7 and converted into electric energy.
- the removal of electrical energy is carried out by means of the front 36 and rear 18 electrodes in contact respectively with the front and back sides of the photodetector layer 7 and further through the busbars.
- the angle of inclination of the expanding side walls 16, the angle of inclination of the sides 6, 10, 12, the shape of the cavities 1 are selected taking into account the type of photodetector layer, its roughness and technological capabilities of forming the first strip 2, bending the second strip 4 without destroying the photodetector layer 7 and breaking the electrical contacts of the photodetector - an absorbing layer 17 with a front 36 and a back 18 electrodes.
- the tilt angle and dimensions of the corresponding sides 6, 10, 12 take into account the photoabsorption efficiency at different tilt angles of the Sun to the horizon. Moreover, the roughness of the photodetector layer 7 leads to partial scattering of the reflected radiation and its reflection in the form of an expanding cone, which ensures that the reflected light beam enters the cavity 1 at smaller tilt angles of the corresponding side 6, 10, 12.
- the efficiency of the photodetector layer 7 decreases with increasing tilt of the Sun to the horizon. Therefore, placement on The corresponding sides 6, 10, 12 of the reflective coating 14 provide a more complete reflection of the incident light into the cavities 1 and increase the efficiency of the device as a whole.
- FIG. 11 shows the course of the rays of the incident (37) and reflected (38) solar radiation.
- the reflected signal is reflected from the surface once (reflection-absorption point 40) and leaves cavity 1. If there are sides 6, 10, 12, the number of reflections increases along as the corresponding sides 6, 10, 12 tilt into the cavity 1.
- the tilt angle is selected taking into account the properties of the photodetector layer 7 and its roughness, as well as the efficiency at different incident radiation energies.
- FIG. 13 The course of the reflected rays depending on the configuration of the cavity 1 is shown in FIG. 13 (trench profile as part of a circle 5) and FIG. 14 (trench profile as part of a hyperbola (parabola) 11).
- FIG. 15 The optimal arrangement of the device for converting solar energy relative to the plane of motion 42 of the Sun is shown in FIG. 15. Cavities 1 are located perpendicular to the plane of the daily movement of the Sun. The angle (43) of the device for converting solar energy to the horizon is equal to the latitude of the area where it is installed.
- FIG. 16 shows a method of using a device for converting solar energy in a two-way design. This is important when the allowable size of the device is limited, for example, installing them on lighting poles 44.
- a reflecting mirror 46 is installed on the back side of the device for converting solar energy outside the shadow zone 45 from this device. When reflected from the mirror 46 of the incident radiation 37, the second (shaded) side of the device for converting solar energy is illuminated and an increase energy removal.
- the proposed device for converting solar energy is practically independent of the angle of incidence of light, since at any angle of incidence of sunlight on it, the latter, entering the cavity 1, are repeatedly reflected on the side walls of the trenches.
- a protective translucent screen 23 can increase the strength of the proposed device for converting solar energy.
- the lightness and flexibility of the proposed device for converting solar energy, the simplicity of its assembly and the small dependence of the efficiency on the angle of incidence of light do not require the use of complex and heavy devices during installation and optimal operation of this device.
- the possibility of using reduced pressure in the pressurized spaces and cavities 1 of the proposed device for converting solar energy and the use of the antistatic device 30 provide the possibility of its longer operation in various climatic conditions, for example, in southern or northern climatic zones.
- Various embodiments of the proposed device for converting solar energy allow it to be manufactured for various purposes and operating conditions, for example, in southern or northern climatic zones.
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WO2013002662A1 (ru) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-03 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи" | Устройство для преобразования солнечной энергии |
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WO2013002662A1 (ru) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-03 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи" | Устройство для преобразования солнечной энергии |
WO2013032356A1 (ru) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-07 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Инносфера Технолоджи" | Устройство с фотоприемным слоем для преобразования солнечной энергии в электрическую |
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