WO2015133276A1 - Glass antenna and windowpane provided with antenna - Google Patents

Glass antenna and windowpane provided with antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015133276A1
WO2015133276A1 PCT/JP2015/054432 JP2015054432W WO2015133276A1 WO 2015133276 A1 WO2015133276 A1 WO 2015133276A1 JP 2015054432 W JP2015054432 W JP 2015054432W WO 2015133276 A1 WO2015133276 A1 WO 2015133276A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
glass
window glass
coil
horizontal
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Application number
PCT/JP2015/054432
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
聡史 船津
渡辺　英彦
一志 岩▲崎▼
Original Assignee
旭硝子株式会社
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Application filed by 旭硝子株式会社 filed Critical 旭硝子株式会社
Priority to JP2016506414A priority Critical patent/JP6436159B2/en
Publication of WO2015133276A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015133276A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/357—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using a single feed point
    • H01Q5/364—Creating multiple current paths
    • H01Q5/371—Branching current paths

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a glass antenna and a window glass provided with an antenna, and more specifically to an automobile window glass provided with an automobile glass antenna and an automobile glass antenna.
  • AM / FM glass antennas for AM and FM
  • AM / FM glass antennas for AM and FM
  • AM / FM have a tendency that the reception gain in the AM band is proportional to the area occupied by the antenna conductor of the glass antenna.
  • AM / FM glass antenna that suppresses a decrease in reception gain of FM bands having different frequencies and satisfies a constant reception gain in both AM / FM bands has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
  • AM AmplitudemplModulation
  • FM Frequency Modulation
  • Patent Document 1 cannot independently adjust the reception gain of the AM / FM band, each of the two broadcast waves having different bands has a high reception gain, as in the AM / FM band. It is difficult to design a glass antenna.
  • the installation area of the glass antenna is limited, and it is difficult to design an antenna having a high reception gain.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a glass antenna and a window glass provided with an antenna, each of which can independently adjust the AM / FM band reception gain and each have a high reception gain.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a glass antenna for an automobile provided with a power feeding portion provided on a window glass and an antenna conductor connected to the power feeding portion.
  • the antenna conductor has a first antenna element and a second antenna element, and the first antenna element and the second antenna element are connected via a coil,
  • the first antenna element includes a first horizontal element and a branch element;
  • the first horizontal element has one end connected to the power feeding unit, the other end connected to the coil, and extends along the periphery of the window glass,
  • the branch element is provided by branching from a branch point on the first horizontal element,
  • the second antenna element provides an automotive glass antenna including a second horizontal element having one end connected to the coil and extending along a peripheral edge of the window glass.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an automotive window glass including the automotive glass antenna as described above.
  • the reception gain of the AM / FM band can be adjusted independently, and a glass antenna having a high reception gain and a window glass provided with the antenna can be provided.
  • window glass for example, a windshield attached to the front part of a vehicle such as an automobile, a rear glass attached to the rear part of the vehicle, a side glass attached to the side part of the vehicle, and attached to a ceiling part of the vehicle
  • window glass for vehicles such as a roof glass used, it is not limited to these glasses.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a glass antenna for an automobile according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a glass antenna for an automobile which is an example of a glass antenna for a vehicle shown in FIG. 1, has a power feeding portion 103 provided on a window glass 101 and an antenna conductor extended from the power feeding portion 103.
  • the power feeding unit 103 is a part for electrically connecting the antenna conductor to a signal processing circuit (not shown) such as an amplifier via a predetermined conductive member (not shown).
  • a signal processing circuit such as an amplifier
  • a predetermined conductive member for example, a feeding line such as an AV (A: low-voltage wires for Automobiles, V: Vinyl) line or a coaxial cable is used.
  • AV low-voltage wires for Automobiles, V: Vinyl
  • a coaxial cable When a coaxial cable is used, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to the power feeding unit 103, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be grounded to the vehicle body.
  • a configuration may be employed in which a connector for electrically connecting a signal processing circuit such as an amplifier to the power supply unit 103 is mounted on the power supply unit 103.
  • a projecting conductive member may be installed in the power feeding unit 103, and the projecting conductive member may be brought into contact with and fitted to a connecting portion provided on a body flange to which the window glass 101 is attached.
  • the antenna conductor has a first antenna element 110 and a second antenna element 120, and the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 are connected via a coil 105.
  • the first antenna element 110 includes a first horizontal element 111 and a branch element 113.
  • the first horizontal element 111 has one end connected to the power supply unit 103, the other end connected to the coil 105, and extends along the periphery of the window glass 101.
  • the two-dot chain line shown in FIG. 1 shows the end 107 of the body flange that forms the vehicle body opening when the window glass 101 is installed in the vehicle body opening of the automobile. It is fixed to the body flange via an adhesive. Therefore, the region outside the surface of the end portion 107 of the body flange is a region where the window glass 101 and the body flange overlap.
  • the first horizontal element 111 is preferably provided at a distance of, for example, 15 mm or more from the end 107 of the body flange.
  • a black shielding film is provided in a region on the inner side of the two-dot chain line shown in FIG. 1 in order to hide the joint portion between the window glass 101 and the body flange from the periphery of the window glass 101 to an area of a predetermined width. ing.
  • the broken line shown in FIG. 1 indicates the end 109 of the black shielding film.
  • the black shielding film has a role of improving the deterioration and appearance of the adhesive. It is preferable that the power feeding portion 103 and the antenna conductor are formed in the region where the black shielding film is provided from the viewpoint of improving the appearance from the outside of the vehicle.
  • a branch point 115 that is a starting point for extending the branch element 113 is provided.
  • the element length a from the power feeding unit 103 to the branch point 115 has a predetermined first frequency band and a predetermined second frequency band that is higher than the first frequency band.
  • the wavelength in the air at the center frequency of the second frequency band is represented by ⁇ 02
  • the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass 101 is represented by k
  • the glass antenna for an automobile receives these frequency bands by setting the first broadcast frequency band to AM broadcast (520 kHz to 1700 kHz) and the second broadcast frequency band to FM broadcast (88 MHz to 108 MHz).
  • the center frequency of the FM broadcast wave is 98 HMz.
  • the element length a from the power feeding unit 103 to the branch point 115 is It is preferable that it is 370 mm or less.
  • the element length a is in the range of greater than 0 and less than or equal to 370 mm, the vicinity of the convex portion (or overhanging portion) 108 described later in a wide range of vehicle types when the power feeding portion 103 is provided at the upper corner of the window glass A branch point 115 can be provided.
  • the element length a from the power supply unit 103 to the branch point 115 is 245 mm or less because a sufficient FM band reception gain can be obtained regardless of the position where the coil 105 is provided.
  • the element length a from the power feeding unit 103 to the branch point 115 is more preferably 122 mm or less, and further preferably 50 mm or less.
  • element length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105 of the first horizontal element 111 is preferably less 0.25 [lambda g or less or 0.35Ramuda g or 0.6 ⁇ g.
  • the element length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105 in the first horizontal element 111 is preferably adjusted to 490 mm or less or 685 mm to 1176 mm.
  • the first horizontal element 111 is not limited to the connection form of the present embodiment, and may be connected to the power supply unit 103 via an attached element that extends from the power supply unit 103 in the vertical direction of the window glass 101 or the like. .
  • the branch element 113 has a peripheral edge of a convex portion 108 protruding in a trapezoidal shape in an in-plane direction provided in a region along the upper side of the window glass 101 of the black shielding film from a branch point 115 existing on the first horizontal element 111. Is stretched along.
  • the branch element 113 includes an oblique element 116 extending in the in-plane direction of the window glass 101 from the branch point 115 along the side of the convex portion 108, and a first horizontal element from the end of the oblique element 116.
  • 111 is composed of a third horizontal element 117 that runs in parallel with 111.
  • branch element 113 By providing such a branch element 113, it is possible to obtain a high receiving gain in the FM band, and even when the branch element 113 is arranged on the inner side of the surface of the end portion 109 of the black shielding film, the antenna element is interposed. The visibility from the window glass 101 is low, and it can be prevented that the driver's view is obstructed.
  • the branch element 113 is provided on the inner side of the first horizontal element 111 when viewed from the branch point 115, but the arrangement of the branch element 113 is not limited to this. If the distance between the first horizontal element 111 and the end portion 107 of the body flange is sufficiently large, the branch element 113 may be provided outside the first horizontal element 111 from the branch point 115.
  • the shape of the branch element 113 is not limited to the shape of this embodiment.
  • the element length (a + d) from the power feeding unit 103 to the end of the branching element 113 opposite to the branching point 115 (hereinafter also referred to as “the tip of the branching element 113”) is sufficient for receiving FM band radio waves.
  • the branch element 113 may have any shape.
  • the branch element 113 has the third horizontal element 117, the first horizontal element 111, and the like so as not to hinder the driver's view. It is preferable to reduce the distance e between the second horizontal element 121 and the first horizontal element 111 and the second horizontal element 121 so as to run in parallel.
  • the distance e between the third horizontal element 117 and the first horizontal element 111 and the second horizontal element 111 is 15 mm or more, because a high FM band reception gain can be obtained.
  • the branch element 113 is provided along the end 109 and the convex part 108 of the black shielding film, so that the driver You may make it not obstruct the field of view.
  • the branch element 113 may have an arc shape or the like.
  • the end portion 109 of the black shielding film may be uniformly provided with the black shielding film or may be formed of a plurality of dots.
  • tip of the branch element 113 via the branch point 115 is (1/8) * (lambda) g or more (3/8) * (lambda) g or less.
  • the element length (a + d) is preferably 244 mm or more and 735 mm or less.
  • the second antenna element 120 includes a second horizontal element 121 having one end connected to the coil 105 and extending along the periphery of the window glass 101.
  • the second horizontal element 121 is preferably provided 15 mm or more away from the end 107 of the body flange.
  • the second horizontal element 121 may have a folded portion that is folded back at the end opposite to the coil 105 (hereinafter also referred to as “the tip of the second horizontal element 121”).
  • the second horizontal element 121 may be bent along the end 107 of the body flange.
  • the element length c from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the second horizontal element 121 can be increased, and the reception gain of the AM band increases.
  • the element length c from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the second horizontal element 121 includes the length of the space occupied by the coil 105.
  • the space occupied by the coil 105 is sufficiently small and can be ignored.
  • the length of the conducting wire when the coil 105 is unwound is not included.
  • the element length c is 100 mm or more, a high reception gain can be obtained in the AM band.
  • ⁇ lambda g or more (6/8) is preferably not more than ⁇ lambda g, especially when the FM broadcast a second broadcast frequency band is preferably less than 734mm 1470mm.
  • the impedance of the coil 105 in the FM band becomes high, and the second antenna element 120 does not function as an FM antenna.
  • the first antenna element 110 provided closer to the power feeding unit 103 than the coil 105 functions as an FM antenna that receives FM band radio waves.
  • the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 function as AM antennas that receive AM band radio waves. That is, the FM band reception gain can be adjusted by tuning the first antenna element 110 and the branch element 113, and the AM band reception gain can be adjusted mainly by tuning the second antenna element 120.
  • the power feeding unit 103 and the antenna conductor are formed by printing and baking a paste containing a conductive metal, such as a silver paste, on the inner surface of the window glass 101, for example.
  • a conductive metal such as a silver paste
  • the feeding portion 103 and the antenna conductor are not limited to such a forming method, and a linear body or a foil-like body made of a conductive material such as copper is formed on the inner surface of the window glass 101.
  • it may be attached to the window glass 101 with an adhesive or the like.
  • the window glass 101 is laminated glass, it may be provided inside the window glass 101 itself.
  • the shape of the power supply unit 103 may be determined according to the shape of the mounting surface of the conductive member or the connector.
  • the shape of the power supply unit 103 is preferably a square shape such as a square, a substantially square, a rectangle, or a substantially rectangular shape, or a polygonal shape.
  • the shape of the power feeding unit 103 may be a circle such as a circle, a substantially circle, an ellipse, or a substantially ellipse.
  • a conductor layer including an antenna conductor is provided on the inside of the synthetic resin film or on the surface of the synthetic resin film, and the synthetic resin film with the conductor layer is formed on the vehicle inner surface or the vehicle outer surface of the windshield to form a glass antenna May be formed.
  • a glass antenna may be formed by forming a flexible circuit board having an antenna conductor on the inner surface of the windshield.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a configuration according to the second embodiment.
  • the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are used for members having the same configurations as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are used. Will not be described.
  • a branch point 215 is provided at a position close to the power supply unit 103.
  • the branch element 213 has a shape that does not follow the convex portion 108.
  • the branch element 213 includes an oblique element 216 extending from the branch point 215 in the in-plane direction of the window glass 101 without being along the side of the convex portion 108, and a first horizontal from the end of the oblique element 216. It comprises a third horizontal element 217 that runs parallel to the element 111.
  • the diagonal element 216 includes not only the diagonal direction but also the vertical direction.
  • the branch element 213 does not protrude inward from the end portion 109 of the black shielding film from the viewpoint of improving the appearance, but the third horizontal element 217 and the first horizontal element 111 and By setting the distance e between the second horizontal element 121 to 15 mm or more, a high FM band reception gain can be obtained.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a configuration according to the third embodiment.
  • the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are used for members having the same configurations as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are used. Will not be described.
  • the power feeding portion 303 is provided in the vicinity of the convex portion 108.
  • the branch point 115 can be provided at a position closer to the power feeding unit 303, and the branch element 113 can be along the convex portion 108 of the black shielding film.
  • the vicinity of the convex portion 108 refers to a range that does not depart from the effect of the present invention or the effect of the present embodiment. Specifically, for example, a radius of 50 mm is centered on the base of the side of the convex portion 108. It is preferable to be provided in a circular area within.
  • the second antenna element 320 has the second horizontal element 121 along the end portion 107 of the body flange in order to obtain a high AM band reception gain. It is preferable to secure a length that can provide a sufficient AM band reception gain, for example, by bending the signal so that it is bent.
  • the reception voltage and reception gain in the AM band and FM band were measured by assembling an automotive window glass with a glass antenna in a state where the window frame of the automobile was tilted about 25 ° with respect to a horizontal plane.
  • a connector is attached to the power supply unit, and is connected via a power supply line to a spectrum analyzer in the case of AM band measurement and to a network analyzer in the case of FM band measurement.
  • the AM band reception voltage and reception gain outdoors First, the electric field of the broadcast wave was measured with a reference antenna, and then the voltage received by the glass antenna to be measured at the same point. The measured value was converted into a voltage that can be received when the glass antenna to be measured is placed in an electric field of 60 dB ⁇ V / m based on the electric field measured with the reference antenna.
  • the measurement of the FM band reception voltage and reception gain is performed by setting the center of a car with a glass window with a glass antenna installed at the center of the turntable.
  • the turntable on which the automobile is set rotates so that radio waves are irradiated from all directions to the window glass from the horizontal direction.
  • the FM band received voltage and received gain data were obtained by averaging the values measured by rotating 360 ° for each rotation angle of 1 ° in the FM frequency range (88 MHz to 108 MHz).
  • the elevation angle between the radio wave transmission position and the antenna conductor was measured in a substantially horizontal direction.
  • Example 1 (Characteristics of antenna receiving AM broadcast wave)
  • the feeding portion 103 is provided at the upper corner of the window glass, and the antenna conductor is linearly extended in the lateral direction from the feeding portion 103 without providing the coil 105 and the branch element 113.
  • the measurement results are described below.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the relationship between the distance between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor and the reception gain of the AM.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the distance (unit: mm) between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor
  • the vertical axis indicates the AM reception voltage (unit: dB ⁇ V).
  • the length of the antenna conductor was 1000 mm.
  • the AM band reception capability of the antenna conductor increases as the antenna conductor moves away from the end 107 of the body flange.
  • the reception voltage is preferably 20 dB ⁇ V. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the distance between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor is preferably 15 mm or more.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of the distance between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor and the element length of the antenna conductor from which a received voltage of 20 dB ⁇ V can be obtained.
  • the element length of the configuration measured in this example is the length of the antenna conductor linearly extended in the lateral direction, that is, corresponds to the length of the element length c in the first, second, and third embodiments.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the distance (unit: mm) between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor
  • the vertical axis indicates the length of the antenna conductor (unit: mm) from which a received voltage of 20 dB ⁇ V is obtained.
  • the antenna conductor in order to obtain a reception voltage of 20 dB ⁇ V or higher, it is necessary to increase the length of the antenna conductor as the antenna conductor is closer to the end portion 107 of the body flange. In the case where the antenna conductor is provided at a position within 100 mm from the end portion 107 of the body flange, it has been confirmed that the antenna conductor should have a length of about 100 mm or more.
  • a coil having different inductances is prepared, a switch is provided in the middle of the second horizontal element, and the case where the middle is disconnected is obtained.
  • the received voltage was measured for each coil. The dimensions of each part shown in FIG.
  • the conductor width of each element was 0.8 mm.
  • the power feeding unit 103 was a rectangle having a length of 12 mm and a width of 30 mm.
  • the conductor width of each element and the size of the power feeding portion are the same in all the embodiments below.
  • said element length points out the length of only the antenna conductor except a coil and a switch.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the influence of the coil inductance on the FM reception gain.
  • the horizontal axis represents the coil inductance (unit: ⁇ H)
  • the left axis represents the FM reception gain
  • the right axis represents the gain difference (unit: dB)
  • Example 1 is a case where the middle part is connected.
  • Example 2 shows the difference between Example 1 and Example 2 when the middle part is disconnected.
  • the inductance of the coil 105 when the inductance of the coil 105 is 0.4 ⁇ H or more, it can be seen that the gain difference becomes 3 dB or less when the middle part is disconnected and when it is connected. That is, since the impedance in the FM band is increased by using the coil 105 having an inductance of 0.4 ⁇ H or more, the second antenna element 120 does not function as an FM antenna. Therefore, the coil 105 preferably has an inductance of 0.4 ⁇ H or more.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the influence of the coil inductance on the AM reception gain.
  • the horizontal axis represents the inductance of the coil (unit: ⁇ H)
  • the vertical axis represents the relative value (unit: dB) of the AM reception gain with reference to the state where the coil mounting portion is directly connected
  • the legend is Indicates the measured frequency value.
  • the inductance of the coil 105 exceeds 700 ⁇ H, the gain obtained in the AM frequency band changes, and the AM gain cannot be obtained stably. This is considered to be because if the inductance of the coil 105 is too high, the impedance also increases with respect to the AM band, and the coil 105 preferably has an inductance of 700 ⁇ H or less.
  • Example 3> (Locations where the coil 105 and the branch point 115 are provided and FM gain)
  • the FM of the first horizontal element 111 when the length a from the power feeding portion 103 to the branch point 115 and the length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105 are changed.
  • the reception gain was measured.
  • the element length (a + d) from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the branch element 113 via the branch point 115 is 550 mm, and the length from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the second horizontal element 121 is The element length c was 1050 mm.
  • the coil 105 having an inductance of 1.91 ⁇ H was used.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the influence of the coil installation position on the FM reception gain.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the element length b (unit: mm) from the branch point 115 to the coil 105
  • the vertical axis indicates the FM reception gain (unit: dB).
  • the legend indicates the value of the element length a from the power feeding unit 103 to the branch point 115.
  • the value of the element length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105 that is, the position where the coil is provided is practical within the range of 490 mm or less and 685 mm or more from the branch point 115. It was confirmed that an FM reception gain value of 40 dB or more, which is not a problem, can be obtained.
  • the element length a from the power feeding portion 103 to the branch point 115 of the first horizontal element 111 is 245 mm or less, a sufficient FM band reception gain can be obtained regardless of the position where the coil 105 is provided. 122 mm or less and 50 mm or less were confirmed to be more preferable.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of AM band reception gain in the first embodiment.
  • the horizontal axis represents frequency (unit: kHz) and the vertical axis represents AM reception voltage (unit: dB ⁇ V). From FIG. 9, it was confirmed that a sufficiently high AM reception voltage can be obtained in all AM frequency bands.
  • Second antenna element a Length of first horizontal element from feeder to branch point b Of first horizontal element Length c from the branch point to the coil Length d from the power supply section to the tip of the second horizontal element d Length from the branch point to the tip of the branch element e Third horizontal element, first horizontal element, and second Distance to horizontal element

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Abstract

A glass antenna for automobiles, which is provided with a feed unit (103) that is provided on a windowpane (101) and an antenna conductor that is connected to the feed unit (103). The antenna conductor comprises a first antenna element (110) and a second antenna element (120), and the first and second antenna elements (110, 120) are connected to each other via a coil (105). The first antenna element (110) is provided with a first horizontal element (111) and a branched element (113). The first horizontal element (111) has one end connected to the feed unit (103) and the other end connected to the coil (105), and extends along the periphery of the windowpane (101). The branched element (113) is branched at a branch point (115) on the first horizontal element (111). The second antenna element (120) is provided with a second horizontal element (121) that has one end connected to the coil (105) and extends along the periphery of the windowpane (101).

Description

ガラスアンテナ及びアンテナを備える窓ガラスGlass antenna and window glass provided with antenna
　本発明は、ガラスアンテナ及びアンテナを備える窓ガラスに関し、より具体的には、自動車用ガラスアンテナ及び自動車用ガラスアンテナを備える自動車用窓ガラスに関する。 The present invention relates to a glass antenna and a window glass provided with an antenna, and more specifically to an automobile window glass provided with an automobile glass antenna and an automobile glass antenna.
　従来、ＡＭ及びＦＭ（以後、「ＡＭ／ＦＭ」とも言う）用のガラスアンテナは、ＡＭ帯の受信利得がガラスアンテナのアンテナ導体が占める面積に比例する傾向があるため、ＡＭ帯の受信利得を確保するために、ある程度の長さ及び面積を必要とし、周波数の異なるＦＭ帯の受信利得が低下する場合もある。そこで、周波数の異なるＦＭ帯の受信利得の低下を抑え、ＡＭ／ＦＭ帯の双方で一定の受信利得を満足するＡＭ／ＦＭ用のガラスアンテナが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。なお、ＡＭ（Amplitude Modulation）は振幅変調、ＦＭ（Frequency Modulation）は周波数変調を指す。 Conventionally, glass antennas for AM and FM (hereinafter also referred to as “AM / FM”) have a tendency that the reception gain in the AM band is proportional to the area occupied by the antenna conductor of the glass antenna. In order to ensure, a certain length and area are required, and the reception gain of FM bands with different frequencies may be lowered. Therefore, an AM / FM glass antenna that suppresses a decrease in reception gain of FM bands having different frequencies and satisfies a constant reception gain in both AM / FM bands has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1). AM (AmplitudemplModulation) indicates amplitude modulation, and FM (Frequency Modulation) indicates frequency modulation.
特開２０１０－１３６０７９号公報JP 2010-136079 A
　しかしながら、特許文献１の技術では、ＡＭ／ＦＭ帯の受信利得をそれぞれ独立して調整することができないため、ＡＭ／ＦＭ帯のように、帯域の異なる２つの放送波でそれぞれ高い受信利得を有するようにガラスアンテナを設計することは難しい。 However, since the technique of Patent Document 1 cannot independently adjust the reception gain of the AM / FM band, each of the two broadcast waves having different bands has a high reception gain, as in the AM / FM band. It is difficult to design a glass antenna.
　また、ガラスアンテナを例えば車両のフロントガラスに設置する場合、リアガラスやサイドガラスに設置する場合と比べて、運転席からの視界の妨げとならないよう配慮する必要があるため、目立たない形状にすることが望まれる。そのため、ガラスアンテナの設置領域が限られてしまい、受信利得の高いアンテナを設計することは難しい。 In addition, when installing the glass antenna on the windshield of a vehicle, for example, it is necessary to consider that it does not hinder the visibility from the driver's seat compared to the case of installing it on the rear glass or side glass. desired. Therefore, the installation area of the glass antenna is limited, and it is difficult to design an antenna having a high reception gain.
　そこで本発明では、ＡＭ／ＦＭ帯の受信利得を独立して調整でき、それぞれ高い受信利得を有するガラスアンテナ及びアンテナを備える窓ガラスを提供することを１つの目的とする。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a glass antenna and a window glass provided with an antenna, each of which can independently adjust the AM / FM band reception gain and each have a high reception gain.
　上記の目的を達成するため、本発明の一実施形態は、窓ガラスに設けられた給電部と、前記給電部に接続されたアンテナ導体とを備えた自動車用ガラスアンテナにおいて、
　前記アンテナ導体は、第１のアンテナ素子と第２のアンテナ素子とを有し、前記第１のアンテナ素子と前記第２のアンテナ素子とはコイルを介して接続され、
　前記第１のアンテナ素子は、第１の水平エレメントと分岐エレメントとを備え、
　前記第１の水平エレメントは、一端が前記給電部に接続され、他端が前記コイルに接続され、前記窓ガラスの周縁に沿って延伸し、
　前記分岐エレメントは、前記第１の水平エレメント上の分岐点より分岐して設けられ、
　前記第２のアンテナ素子は、一端が前記コイルに接続され、前記窓ガラスの周縁に沿って延伸する第２の水平エレメントを備える自動車用ガラスアンテナを提供する。 In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a glass antenna for an automobile provided with a power feeding portion provided on a window glass and an antenna conductor connected to the power feeding portion.
The antenna conductor has a first antenna element and a second antenna element, and the first antenna element and the second antenna element are connected via a coil,
The first antenna element includes a first horizontal element and a branch element;
The first horizontal element has one end connected to the power feeding unit, the other end connected to the coil, and extends along the periphery of the window glass,
The branch element is provided by branching from a branch point on the first horizontal element,
The second antenna element provides an automotive glass antenna including a second horizontal element having one end connected to the coil and extending along a peripheral edge of the window glass.
　上記の目的を達成するため、本発明の一実施形態は、上記の如き自動車用ガラスアンテナを備える自動車用窓ガラスを提供する。 In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides an automotive window glass including the automotive glass antenna as described above.
　本発明によれば、ＡＭ／ＦＭ帯の受信利得を独立して調整でき、それぞれ高い受信利得を有するガラスアンテナ及びアンテナを備える窓ガラスを提供できる。 According to the present invention, the reception gain of the AM / FM band can be adjusted independently, and a glass antenna having a high reception gain and a window glass provided with the antenna can be provided.
本発明の第１実施形態である自動車用ガラスアンテナの構成図である。It is a block diagram of the glass antenna for motor vehicles which is 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２実施形態である自動車用ガラスアンテナの構成図である。It is a block diagram of the glass antenna for motor vehicles which is 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３実施形態である自動車用ガラスアンテナの構成図である。It is a block diagram of the glass antenna for motor vehicles which is 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 給電部から第２の水平エレメントの先端までのエレメント長とＡＭ帯の受信利得の関係の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the element length from a electric power feeding part to the front-end | tip of a 2nd horizontal element, and the receiving gain of AM band. アンテナ導体とボディフランジとの距離とＡＭ受信利得が２０ｄＢμＶ得られるエレメント長との関係の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the distance of an antenna conductor and a body flange, and the element length from which AM reception gain is obtained 20 dBmicrovolt. コイルのインダクタンスがＦＭ受信利得に及ぼす影響の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the influence which the inductance of a coil has on FM receiving gain. コイルのインダクタンスがＡＭ受信利得に及ぼす影響の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the influence which the inductance of a coil has on AM reception gain. コイルの設置位置がＦＭ受信利得に及ぼす影響の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the influence which the installation position of a coil has on FM receiving gain. 第１実施形態におけるＡＭ帯の受信利得の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the receiving gain of AM band in 1st Embodiment.
　（第１実施形態）
　以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明を実施するための形態を説明する。なお、本発明を実施するための形態を説明するための図面において、方向について特に記載のない場合には図面上での方向をいうものとし、各図面の基準の方向は、記号、数字の方向に対応する。また、平行、直角などの方向は、本発明の効果を損なわない程度のズレを許容するものである。また、本発明が適用可能な窓ガラスとして、例えば、自動車などの車両の前部に取り付けられるフロントガラス、車両の後部に取り付けられるリアガラス、車両のサイド部に取り付けられるサイドガラス、車両の天井部に取り付けられるルーフガラスなどの車両用窓ガラスが挙げられるが、これらのガラスに限定されるものではない。 (First embodiment)
Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings for explaining the embodiments for carrying out the present invention, unless there is a particular description of the direction, the direction on the drawing means the direction, and the reference direction of each drawing is the direction of a symbol or a number. Corresponding to Further, the directions such as parallel and right angles allow a deviation that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Further, as a window glass to which the present invention can be applied, for example, a windshield attached to the front part of a vehicle such as an automobile, a rear glass attached to the rear part of the vehicle, a side glass attached to the side part of the vehicle, and attached to a ceiling part of the vehicle Although window glass for vehicles, such as a roof glass used, is mentioned, it is not limited to these glasses.
　図１は、本発明の第１実施形態である自動車用ガラスアンテナの概要図である。図１に示す、車両用ガラスアンテナの一例である自動車用ガラスアンテナは、窓ガラス１０１に設けられた給電部１０３と、給電部１０３から延伸したアンテナ導体とを有する。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a glass antenna for an automobile according to a first embodiment of the present invention. A glass antenna for an automobile, which is an example of a glass antenna for a vehicle shown in FIG. 1, has a power feeding portion 103 provided on a window glass 101 and an antenna conductor extended from the power feeding portion 103.
　給電部１０３は、アンプ等の不図示の信号処理回路に不図示の所定の導電性部材を介してアンテナ導体を電気的に接続するための部位である。導電性部材として、例えば、ＡＶ（Ａ：low-voltage wires for Automobiles, Ｖ：Vinyl）線や同軸ケーブルなどの給電線が用いられる。同軸ケーブルを用いる場合には、同軸ケーブルの内部導体を給電部１０３に電気的に接続し、同軸ケーブルの外部導体を車体にアース接続してもよい。また、アンプ等の信号処理回路を給電部１０３に電気的に接続するためのコネクタを、給電部１０３に実装する構成を採用してもよい。このようなコネクタによって、ＡＶ線や同軸ケーブルの内部導体を容易に給電部１０３に取り付けることができる。また、給電部１０３に突起状の導電性部材を設置し、窓ガラス１０１が取り付けられるボディフランジに設けられた接続部にその突起状の導電性部材が接触、嵌合するような構成としてもよい。 The power feeding unit 103 is a part for electrically connecting the antenna conductor to a signal processing circuit (not shown) such as an amplifier via a predetermined conductive member (not shown). As the conductive member, for example, a feeding line such as an AV (A: low-voltage wires for Automobiles, V: Vinyl) line or a coaxial cable is used. When a coaxial cable is used, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable may be electrically connected to the power feeding unit 103, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be grounded to the vehicle body. In addition, a configuration may be employed in which a connector for electrically connecting a signal processing circuit such as an amplifier to the power supply unit 103 is mounted on the power supply unit 103. With such a connector, the inner conductor of the AV line or the coaxial cable can be easily attached to the power feeding unit 103. Alternatively, a projecting conductive member may be installed in the power feeding unit 103, and the projecting conductive member may be brought into contact with and fitted to a connecting portion provided on a body flange to which the window glass 101 is attached. .
　アンテナ導体は、第１のアンテナ素子１１０と第２のアンテナ素子１２０とを有し、第１のアンテナ素子１１０と第２のアンテナ素子１２０はコイル１０５を介して接続されている。 The antenna conductor has a first antenna element 110 and a second antenna element 120, and the first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 are connected via a coil 105.
　第１のアンテナ素子１１０は、第１の水平エレメント１１１と分岐エレメント１１３とを備える。 The first antenna element 110 includes a first horizontal element 111 and a branch element 113.
　第１の水平エレメント１１１は、一端が給電部１０３に接続され、他端がコイル１０５に接続され、窓ガラス１０１の周縁に沿って延設されている。 The first horizontal element 111 has one end connected to the power supply unit 103, the other end connected to the coil 105, and extends along the periphery of the window glass 101.
　ここで、図１で示す二点鎖線は、窓ガラス１０１が自動車の車体開口部に設置された場合に、車体開口部を形成するボディフランジの端部１０７を示しており、窓ガラス１０１は、ボディフランジに接着剤を介して固定される。したがって、ボディフランジの端部１０７より面外側の領域は、窓ガラス１０１とボディフランジとが重なる領域である。第１の水平エレメント１１１は、ボディフランジの端部１０７から例えば１５ｍｍ以上離して設けられることが好ましい。 Here, the two-dot chain line shown in FIG. 1 shows the end 107 of the body flange that forms the vehicle body opening when the window glass 101 is installed in the vehicle body opening of the automobile. It is fixed to the body flange via an adhesive. Therefore, the region outside the surface of the end portion 107 of the body flange is a region where the window glass 101 and the body flange overlap. The first horizontal element 111 is preferably provided at a distance of, for example, 15 mm or more from the end 107 of the body flange.
　また、窓ガラス１０１の周縁から所定の幅の領域にかけて、窓ガラス１０１とボディフランジとの接合部分を隠すために、図１で示す二点鎖線よりも面内側の領域に黒色遮蔽膜が設けられている。図１で示す破線は、黒色遮蔽膜の端部１０９を示す。黒色遮蔽膜は接着剤の劣化や見栄えを改善する役割がある。給電部１０３及びアンテナ導体は、この黒色遮蔽膜が設けられた領域に形成することが、車外からの見栄えを良くする点で好ましい。 In addition, a black shielding film is provided in a region on the inner side of the two-dot chain line shown in FIG. 1 in order to hide the joint portion between the window glass 101 and the body flange from the periphery of the window glass 101 to an area of a predetermined width. ing. The broken line shown in FIG. 1 indicates the end 109 of the black shielding film. The black shielding film has a role of improving the deterioration and appearance of the adhesive. It is preferable that the power feeding portion 103 and the antenna conductor are formed in the region where the black shielding film is provided from the viewpoint of improving the appearance from the outside of the vehicle.
　ところで、第１の水平エレメント１１１上には、分岐エレメント１１３の延伸の起点となる分岐点１１５が設けられている。第１の水平エレメント１１１のうち、給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までのエレメント長ａは、所定の第１の周波数帯と第１の周波数帯より帯域が高い所定の第２の周波数帯とがあり、第２の周波数帯の中心周波数における空気中の波長をλ０２で表し、窓ガラス１０１の波長短縮率をｋで表し、窓ガラス１０１上での波長をλｇ＝λ０２・ｋで表すと、（３／１６）・λｇ以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは（１／８）・λｇ以下であり、さらに好ましくは（１／１６）・λｇ以下である。 On the first horizontal element 111, a branch point 115 that is a starting point for extending the branch element 113 is provided. Among the first horizontal elements 111, the element length a from the power feeding unit 103 to the branch point 115 has a predetermined first frequency band and a predetermined second frequency band that is higher than the first frequency band. The wavelength in the air at the center frequency of the second frequency band is represented by λ 02 , the wavelength reduction rate of the window glass 101 is represented by k, and the wavelength on the window glass 101 is represented by λ g = λ 02 · k. , (3/16) · λ g or less, more preferably (1/8) · λ g or less, and still more preferably (1/16) · λ g or less.
　特に、本実施形態における自動車用ガラスアンテナが、第１の放送周波数帯をＡＭ放送（５２０ｋＨｚ～１７００ｋＨｚ）とし、第２の放送周波数帯をＦＭ放送（８８ＭＨｚ～１０８ＭＨｚ）として、これらの周波数帯を受信するためのものである場合、ＦＭ放送波の中心周波数は９８ＨＭｚである。電波の速さを３．０×１０８ｍ／ｓとし、波長短縮率ｋを０．６４とすると、第１の水平エレメント１１１のうち、給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までのエレメント長ａは、３７０ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。 In particular, the glass antenna for an automobile according to the present embodiment receives these frequency bands by setting the first broadcast frequency band to AM broadcast (520 kHz to 1700 kHz) and the second broadcast frequency band to FM broadcast (88 MHz to 108 MHz). The center frequency of the FM broadcast wave is 98 HMz. Assuming that the speed of the radio wave is 3.0 × 10 8 m / s and the wavelength shortening rate k is 0.64, among the first horizontal elements 111, the element length a from the power feeding unit 103 to the branch point 115 is It is preferable that it is 370 mm or less.
　エレメント長ａがこのような０より大きく３７０ｍｍ以下の範囲であれば、給電部１０３を窓ガラスの上側角部に設けた際に幅広い車種で後述する凸部（または、オーバーハンギング部）１０８の近傍に分岐点１１５を設けることができる。また、特に給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までのエレメント長ａが２４５ｍｍ以下であれば、コイル１０５を設ける位置に関わらず、充分なＦＭ帯の受信利得を得ることができるため好ましい。給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までのエレメント長ａは、より好ましくは１２２ｍｍ以下であり、さらに好ましくは５０ｍｍ以下である。 If the element length a is in the range of greater than 0 and less than or equal to 370 mm, the vicinity of the convex portion (or overhanging portion) 108 described later in a wide range of vehicle types when the power feeding portion 103 is provided at the upper corner of the window glass A branch point 115 can be provided. In particular, it is preferable that the element length a from the power supply unit 103 to the branch point 115 is 245 mm or less because a sufficient FM band reception gain can be obtained regardless of the position where the coil 105 is provided. The element length a from the power feeding unit 103 to the branch point 115 is more preferably 122 mm or less, and further preferably 50 mm or less.
　また、第１の水平エレメント１１１のうち分岐点１１５からコイル１０５までのエレメント長ｂは、０．２５λｇ以下または０．３５λｇ以上０．６λｇ以下であることが好ましい。特に、第２の放送周波数帯をＦＭ放送とした場合、第１の水平エレメント１１１のうち分岐点１１５からコイル１０５までのエレメント長ｂは、４９０ｍｍ以下あるいは６８５ｍｍ以上１１７６ｍｍ以下に調整することが好ましい。分岐点１１５からコイル１０５までのエレメント長ｂをこのような範囲にすることで、高いＦＭ帯の受信利得を得ることができる。 Further, element length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105 of the first horizontal element 111 is preferably less 0.25 [lambda g or less or 0.35Ramuda g or 0.6λ g. In particular, when the second broadcast frequency band is FM broadcast, the element length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105 in the first horizontal element 111 is preferably adjusted to 490 mm or less or 685 mm to 1176 mm. By setting the element length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105 in such a range, a high FM band reception gain can be obtained.
　なお、第１の水平エレメント１１１は本実施形態の接続形態に限定されず、例えば給電部１０３より窓ガラス１０１の垂直方向等に延伸する付設エレメントを介して給電部１０３と接続されていてもよい。 Note that the first horizontal element 111 is not limited to the connection form of the present embodiment, and may be connected to the power supply unit 103 via an attached element that extends from the power supply unit 103 in the vertical direction of the window glass 101 or the like. .
　分岐エレメント１１３は、第１の水平エレメント１１１上に存在する分岐点１１５より、黒色遮蔽膜の窓ガラス１０１上辺に沿った領域に設けられた面内方向に台形状に突出した凸部１０８の周縁に沿って、延伸されている。具体的には、分岐エレメント１１３は、分岐点１１５より、凸部１０８の側辺に沿って窓ガラス１０１の面内方向に延伸する斜めエレメント１１６と、斜めエレメント１１６の終端から第１の水平エレメント１１１と平行に並走する第３の水平エレメント１１７から構成されている。このような分岐エレメント１１３を設けることで、ＦＭ帯の高い受信利得を得ることができ、さらに黒色遮蔽膜の端部１０９よりも面内側に分岐エレメント１１３を配置する場合でも、アンテナ導体を介した窓ガラス１０１からの視認性が低く、運転手の視界の妨げとなることを防止できる。 The branch element 113 has a peripheral edge of a convex portion 108 protruding in a trapezoidal shape in an in-plane direction provided in a region along the upper side of the window glass 101 of the black shielding film from a branch point 115 existing on the first horizontal element 111. Is stretched along. Specifically, the branch element 113 includes an oblique element 116 extending in the in-plane direction of the window glass 101 from the branch point 115 along the side of the convex portion 108, and a first horizontal element from the end of the oblique element 116. 111 is composed of a third horizontal element 117 that runs in parallel with 111. By providing such a branch element 113, it is possible to obtain a high receiving gain in the FM band, and even when the branch element 113 is arranged on the inner side of the surface of the end portion 109 of the black shielding film, the antenna element is interposed. The visibility from the window glass 101 is low, and it can be prevented that the driver's view is obstructed.
　本実施形態では、分岐エレメント１１３は分岐点１１５から見て第１の水平エレメント１１１よりも面内側に設けられているが、分岐エレメント１１３の配置はこれに限定されない。第１の水平エレメント１１１と及びボディフランジの端部１０７との間の距離が十分大きければ、分岐エレメント１１３は分岐点１１５より第１の水平エレメント１１１よりも面外側に設けられていてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the branch element 113 is provided on the inner side of the first horizontal element 111 when viewed from the branch point 115, but the arrangement of the branch element 113 is not limited to this. If the distance between the first horizontal element 111 and the end portion 107 of the body flange is sufficiently large, the branch element 113 may be provided outside the first horizontal element 111 from the branch point 115.
　なお、分岐エレメント１１３の形状は、本実施形態の形状に限定されない。給電部１０３から、分岐エレメント１１３の分岐点１１５とは反対側の端部（以後、「分岐エレメント１１３の先端」とも言う）までのエレメント長（ａ＋ｄ）が、ＦＭ帯の電波の受信に充分な長さを有していれば、分岐エレメント１１３はいかなる形状であってもよい。 In addition, the shape of the branch element 113 is not limited to the shape of this embodiment. The element length (a + d) from the power feeding unit 103 to the end of the branching element 113 opposite to the branching point 115 (hereinafter also referred to as “the tip of the branching element 113”) is sufficient for receiving FM band radio waves. As long as it has a length, the branch element 113 may have any shape.
　例えば、黒色遮蔽膜及び凸部１０８が窓ガラス１０１に設けられていない場合、分岐エレメント１１３は、運転手の視界の妨げとならないように、第３の水平エレメント１１７と第１の水平エレメント１１１及び第２の水平エレメント１２１との間隔ｅを小さくして、第１の水平エレメント１１１及び第２の水平エレメント１２１と並走させることが好ましい。 For example, when the black shielding film and the convex portion 108 are not provided on the window glass 101, the branch element 113 has the third horizontal element 117, the first horizontal element 111, and the like so as not to hinder the driver's view. It is preferable to reduce the distance e between the second horizontal element 121 and the first horizontal element 111 and the second horizontal element 121 so as to run in parallel.
　第３の水平エレメント１１７と第１の水平エレメント１１１及び第２の水平エレメント１１１との間隔ｅは、１５ｍｍ以上であると高いＦＭ帯の受信利得が得られ、好ましい。 It is preferable that the distance e between the third horizontal element 117 and the first horizontal element 111 and the second horizontal element 111 is 15 mm or more, because a high FM band reception gain can be obtained.
　また、本実施形態のように、黒色遮蔽膜が窓ガラス１０１に設けられている場合には、分岐エレメント１１３は、黒色遮蔽膜の端部１０９及び凸部１０８に沿って設けることで、運転手の視界の妨げとならないようにしてもよい。特に、分岐エレメント１１３を凸部１０８に沿うように配置することで、第３の水平エレメント１１７と第１の水平エレメント１１１及び第２の水平エレメント１２１との間隔ｅを広げても、運転手の視界の妨げとなりにくいため、好ましい。凸部１０８の形状によっては、分岐エレメント１１３は円弧状等であってもよい。 Further, when the black shielding film is provided on the window glass 101 as in the present embodiment, the branch element 113 is provided along the end 109 and the convex part 108 of the black shielding film, so that the driver You may make it not obstruct the field of view. In particular, by disposing the branch element 113 along the convex portion 108, even if the distance e between the third horizontal element 117 and the first horizontal element 111 and the second horizontal element 121 is widened, This is preferable because it is difficult to obstruct visibility. Depending on the shape of the convex portion 108, the branch element 113 may have an arc shape or the like.
　また、黒色遮蔽膜の端部１０９は、黒色遮蔽膜が一様に施されていてもよく、複数のドットで形成されていてもよい。 Further, the end portion 109 of the black shielding film may be uniformly provided with the black shielding film or may be formed of a plurality of dots.
　ところで、給電部１０３から分岐点１１５を介して分岐エレメント１１３の先端までのエレメント長（ａ＋ｄ）が、（１／８）・λｇ以上（３／８）・λｇ以下であることが好ましい。特に、第２の放送周波数帯をＦＭ放送とした場合、エレメント長（ａ＋ｄ）は、２４４ｍｍ以上７３５ｍｍ以下とすることが望好ましい。このようにエレメント長（ａ＋ｄ）を調整することで、大きなＦＭ帯の受信利得を得ることができる。 By the way, it is preferable that the element length (a + d) from the electric power feeding part 103 to the front-end | tip of the branch element 113 via the branch point 115 is (1/8) * (lambda) g or more (3/8) * (lambda) g or less. In particular, when the second broadcast frequency band is FM broadcast, the element length (a + d) is preferably 244 mm or more and 735 mm or less. By adjusting the element length (a + d) in this way, a large FM band reception gain can be obtained.
　第２のアンテナ素子１２０は、一端がコイル１０５に接続され、窓ガラス１０１の周縁に沿って延設される第２の水平エレメント１２１を備える。 The second antenna element 120 includes a second horizontal element 121 having one end connected to the coil 105 and extending along the periphery of the window glass 101.
　第２の水平エレメント１２１は、第１の水平エレメント１１１と同様に、ボディフランジの端部１０７から１５ｍｍ以上離して設けられることが好ましい。 As with the first horizontal element 111, the second horizontal element 121 is preferably provided 15 mm or more away from the end 107 of the body flange.
　第２の水平エレメント１２１は、コイル１０５とは反対側の端部（以後、「第２の水平エレメント１２１の先端」とも言う）で折り返して並走する折返し部を有してもよい。また、第２の水平エレメント１２１は、ボディフランジの端部１０７に沿うように折曲させてもよい。 The second horizontal element 121 may have a folded portion that is folded back at the end opposite to the coil 105 (hereinafter also referred to as “the tip of the second horizontal element 121”). The second horizontal element 121 may be bent along the end 107 of the body flange.
　第２の水平エレメント１２１をこのように折曲させることで、給電部１０３から第２の水平エレメント１２１の先端までのエレメント長ｃを長くすることができ、ＡＭ帯の受信利得が増大する。ここで、給電部１０３から第２の水平エレメント１２１の先端までのエレメント長ｃは、コイル１０５が占めるスペース分の長さも含む。コイル１０５が占めるスペースは、十分に小さいため無視できるものとする。ただし、コイル１０５をほどいたときの導線の長さは含めないものとする。 By bending the second horizontal element 121 in this way, the element length c from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the second horizontal element 121 can be increased, and the reception gain of the AM band increases. Here, the element length c from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the second horizontal element 121 includes the length of the space occupied by the coil 105. The space occupied by the coil 105 is sufficiently small and can be ignored. However, the length of the conducting wire when the coil 105 is unwound is not included.
　ところで、エレメント長ｃが１００ｍｍ以上であれば、ＡＭ帯において高い受信利得が得られる。さらに（３／８）・λｇ以上（６／８）・λｇ以下であることが好ましく、特に第２の放送周波数帯をＦＭ放送とした場合、７３４ｍｍ以上１４７０ｍｍ以下であることが好ましい。エレメント長ｃをこのような範囲にすることで、第２のアンテナ素子１２０ではよりＦＭ帯の電波を受信しにくくなり、第１のアンテナ素子１１０によるＦＭ帯の電波の受信に影響を与えずに、第１及び第２のアンテナ素子１１０，１２０の組み合わせがＡＭ帯の電波を受信をするアンテナとして機能する。また、エレメント長ｃをこのような範囲にすることで、理想的にはコイルを設けなくともよい場合がある。 By the way, if the element length c is 100 mm or more, a high reception gain can be obtained in the AM band. Further (3/8) · lambda g or more (6/8) is preferably not more than · lambda g, especially when the FM broadcast a second broadcast frequency band is preferably less than 734mm 1470mm. By making the element length c in such a range, the second antenna element 120 becomes more difficult to receive FM band radio waves, and without affecting the reception of FM band radio waves by the first antenna element 110. The combination of the first and second antenna elements 110 and 120 functions as an antenna for receiving AM band radio waves. In addition, by setting the element length c in such a range, there is a case where it is not necessary to provide a coil ideally.
　コイル１０５のインダクタンスは、０．７５μＨ以上７００μＨ以下であれば、コイル１０５のＦＭ帯におけるインピーダンスが高くなるため、第２のアンテナ素子１２０はＦＭアンテナとして機能しなくなる。 If the inductance of the coil 105 is 0.75 μH or more and 700 μH or less, the impedance of the coil 105 in the FM band becomes high, and the second antenna element 120 does not function as an FM antenna.
　したがって、コイル１０５をこのようなインダクタンスに設定することで、コイル１０５よりも給電部１０３側に設けられている第１のアンテナ素子１１０は、ＦＭ帯の電波を受信するＦＭアンテナとして機能し、第１のアンテナ素子１１０及び第２のアンテナ素子１２０は、ＡＭ帯の電波を受信するＡＭアンテナとして機能することになる。すなわち、ＦＭ帯の受信利得は第１のアンテナ素子１１０及び分岐エレメント１１３をチューニングすることで調整でき、ＡＭ帯の受信利得は主に第２のアンテナ素子１２０をチューニングすることで調整できる。 Therefore, by setting the coil 105 to such an inductance, the first antenna element 110 provided closer to the power feeding unit 103 than the coil 105 functions as an FM antenna that receives FM band radio waves. The first antenna element 110 and the second antenna element 120 function as AM antennas that receive AM band radio waves. That is, the FM band reception gain can be adjusted by tuning the first antenna element 110 and the branch element 113, and the AM band reception gain can be adjusted mainly by tuning the second antenna element 120.
　なお、給電部１０３及びアンテナ導体は、銀ペースト等の、導電性金属を含有するペーストを、例えば窓ガラス１０１の車内側表面にプリントし、焼付けて形成される。しかし、給電部１０３及びアンテナ導体は、このような形成方法に限定されず、銅等の導電性物質で形成された線状体または箔状体を、窓ガラス１０１の車内側表面に形成してもよく、窓ガラス１０１に接着剤等により貼付してもよく、窓ガラス１０１が合わせガラスの場合、窓ガラス１０１自体の内部に設けてもよい。 The power feeding unit 103 and the antenna conductor are formed by printing and baking a paste containing a conductive metal, such as a silver paste, on the inner surface of the window glass 101, for example. However, the feeding portion 103 and the antenna conductor are not limited to such a forming method, and a linear body or a foil-like body made of a conductive material such as copper is formed on the inner surface of the window glass 101. Alternatively, it may be attached to the window glass 101 with an adhesive or the like. When the window glass 101 is laminated glass, it may be provided inside the window glass 101 itself.
　給電部１０３の形状は、導電性部材またはコネクタの実装面の形状に応じて決めても良い。給電部１０３の形状は、例えば、正方形、略正方形、長方形、略長方形などの方形状や多角形状が実装上好ましい。なお、給電部１０３の形状は、円、略円、楕円、略楕円などの円状であってもよい。 The shape of the power supply unit 103 may be determined according to the shape of the mounting surface of the conductive member or the connector. For example, the shape of the power supply unit 103 is preferably a square shape such as a square, a substantially square, a rectangle, or a substantially rectangular shape, or a polygonal shape. The shape of the power feeding unit 103 may be a circle such as a circle, a substantially circle, an ellipse, or a substantially ellipse.
　また、アンテナ導体を含む導体層を合成樹脂製フィルムの内部またはその合成樹脂製フィルムの表面に設け、導体層付き合成樹脂製フィルムをフロントガラスの車内側表面または車外側表面に形成してガラスアンテナを形成してもよい。さらに、アンテナ導体を有するフレキシブル回路基板をフロントガラスの車内側表面に形成してガラスアンテナを形成してもよい。 In addition, a conductor layer including an antenna conductor is provided on the inside of the synthetic resin film or on the surface of the synthetic resin film, and the synthetic resin film with the conductor layer is formed on the vehicle inner surface or the vehicle outer surface of the windshield to form a glass antenna May be formed. Furthermore, a glass antenna may be formed by forming a flexible circuit board having an antenna conductor on the inner surface of the windshield.
　（第２実施形態）
　図２は第２実施形態に係る構成を示した概略図である。図２において、前述した図１に示した第１実施形態と同様の構成を有する部材については、図１の参照符号と同様の参照符号が使用されており、第１実施形態と同様の構成については説明を省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a configuration according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 2, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are used for members having the same configurations as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are used. Will not be described.
　第２実施形態においては、給電部１０３に近い位置に分岐点２１５が設けられている。このように給電部１０３から分岐点２１５までのエレメント長ａを小さくすることで、コイル１０５を設ける位置に関わらず、充分なＦＭ帯の受信利得を得ることができるため好ましい。 In the second embodiment, a branch point 215 is provided at a position close to the power supply unit 103. Thus, it is preferable to reduce the element length a from the power supply unit 103 to the branch point 215 because a sufficient FM band reception gain can be obtained regardless of the position where the coil 105 is provided.
　また本実施形態では、分岐エレメント２１３は、凸部１０８に沿わない形状を有する。具体的には、分岐エレメント２１３は、分岐点２１５より、凸部１０８の側辺に沿わずに窓ガラス１０１の面内方向に延伸する斜めエレメント２１６と、斜めエレメント２１６の終端から第１の水平エレメント１１１と平行に並走する第３の水平エレメント２１７から構成されている。本実施形態において、斜めエレメント２１６は、斜め方向だけではなく、垂直方向も含む。この場合、分岐エレメント２１３は、見栄えを良くする点からは、黒色遮蔽膜の端部１０９よりも面内側には突出しないことが好ましいが、第３の水平エレメント２１７と第１の水平エレメント１１１及び第２の水平エレメント１２１との間隔ｅを１５ｍｍ以上とすることで、高いＦＭ帯の受信利得が得られる。 In the present embodiment, the branch element 213 has a shape that does not follow the convex portion 108. Specifically, the branch element 213 includes an oblique element 216 extending from the branch point 215 in the in-plane direction of the window glass 101 without being along the side of the convex portion 108, and a first horizontal from the end of the oblique element 216. It comprises a third horizontal element 217 that runs parallel to the element 111. In the present embodiment, the diagonal element 216 includes not only the diagonal direction but also the vertical direction. In this case, it is preferable that the branch element 213 does not protrude inward from the end portion 109 of the black shielding film from the viewpoint of improving the appearance, but the third horizontal element 217 and the first horizontal element 111 and By setting the distance e between the second horizontal element 121 to 15 mm or more, a high FM band reception gain can be obtained.
　（第３実施形態）
　図３は第３実施形態に係る構成を示した概略図である。図３において、前述した図１に示した第１実施形態と同様の構成を有する部材については、図１の参照符号と同様の参照符号が使用されており、第１実施形態と同様の構成については説明を省略する。 (Third embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a configuration according to the third embodiment. In FIG. 3, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are used for members having the same configurations as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the same configurations as those of the first embodiment are used. Will not be described.
　第３実施形態においては、給電部３０３は、凸部１０８の近傍に設けられている。このような構成にすることで、より給電部３０３に近い位置に分岐点１１５を設けることができ、かつ、分岐エレメント１１３を黒色遮蔽膜の凸部１０８に沿わせることができる。ここで、「凸部１０８の近傍」とは、本発明の効果または本実施例の効果を逸脱しない範囲を指すが、具体的には、凸部１０８の側辺の付け根を中心として例えば半径５０ｍｍ以内の円形領域に設けられることが好ましい。 In the third embodiment, the power feeding portion 303 is provided in the vicinity of the convex portion 108. With such a configuration, the branch point 115 can be provided at a position closer to the power feeding unit 303, and the branch element 113 can be along the convex portion 108 of the black shielding film. Here, “the vicinity of the convex portion 108” refers to a range that does not depart from the effect of the present invention or the effect of the present embodiment. Specifically, for example, a radius of 50 mm is centered on the base of the side of the convex portion 108. It is preferable to be provided in a circular area within.
　このように給電部３０３を凸部１０８の近傍に設ける場合、第２のアンテナ素子３２０は、高いＡＭ帯の受信利得を得るために、第２の水平エレメント１２１をボディフランジの端部１０７に沿わせるように折曲させる等して、充分なＡＭ帯の受信利得が得られる長さを確保することが好ましい。 In this way, when the feeding portion 303 is provided in the vicinity of the convex portion 108, the second antenna element 320 has the second horizontal element 121 along the end portion 107 of the body flange in order to obtain a high AM band reception gain. It is preferable to secure a length that can provide a sufficient AM band reception gain, for example, by bending the signal so that it is bent.
　ガラスアンテナが設けられた自動車用窓ガラスを自動車に取り付けて、ガラスアンテナの受信電圧及び受信利得を実測した結果について説明する。 The result of actually measuring the reception voltage and the reception gain of the glass antenna by attaching an automobile window glass provided with a glass antenna to the automobile will be described.
　ＡＭ帯及びＦＭ帯の受信電圧及び受信利得は、ガラスアンテナ付き自動車用窓ガラスを、自動車の窓枠に水平面に対して約２５°傾けた状態で組みつけて実測した。給電部にはコネクタが取り付けられていて、給電線を介して、ＡＭ帯の測定の場合はスペクトラムアナライザ、ＦＭ帯の測定の場合はネットワークアナライザに接続される。 The reception voltage and reception gain in the AM band and FM band were measured by assembling an automotive window glass with a glass antenna in a state where the window frame of the automobile was tilted about 25 ° with respect to a horizontal plane. A connector is attached to the power supply unit, and is connected via a power supply line to a spectrum analyzer in the case of AM band measurement and to a network analyzer in the case of FM band measurement.
　ＡＭ帯の受信電圧及び受信利得の測定は、屋外で行われる。まず基準となるアンテナで放送波の電界を測定した後、同地点で測定対象のガラスアンテナで受信した電圧を測定した。測定した値は、基準となるアンテナで測定した電界を元に、６０ｄＢμＶ／ｍの電界中に測定対象のガラスアンテナを置いたときに受信できる電圧に換算した。 Measure the AM band reception voltage and reception gain outdoors. First, the electric field of the broadcast wave was measured with a reference antenna, and then the voltage received by the glass antenna to be measured at the same point. The measured value was converted into a voltage that can be received when the glass antenna to be measured is placed in an electric field of 60 dBμV / m based on the electric field measured with the reference antenna.
　ＦＭ帯の受信電圧及び受信利得の測定は、ターンテーブルの中心に、ガラスアンテナ付き自動車用窓ガラスを組みつけた自動車の車両中心をセットして行われる。水平方向から窓ガラスに対して全方向から電波が照射されるように、自動車がセットされたターンテーブルが回転する。ＦＭ帯の受信電圧及び受信利得のデータは、ＦＭの周波数範囲（８８ＭＨｚ～１０８ＭＨｚ）において回転角度１°毎に３６０°回転させて測定した値を平均した。電波の発信位置とアンテナ導体との仰角は略水平方向で測定した。 The measurement of the FM band reception voltage and reception gain is performed by setting the center of a car with a glass window with a glass antenna installed at the center of the turntable. The turntable on which the automobile is set rotates so that radio waves are irradiated from all directions to the window glass from the horizontal direction. The FM band received voltage and received gain data were obtained by averaging the values measured by rotating 360 ° for each rotation angle of 1 ° in the FM frequency range (88 MHz to 108 MHz). The elevation angle between the radio wave transmission position and the antenna conductor was measured in a substantially horizontal direction.
　＜実施例１＞
　（ＡＭ放送波を受信対象とするアンテナの特性）
　以下の図４及び図５では、給電部１０３を窓ガラスの上側角部に設け、コイル１０５及び分岐エレメント１１３を設けずに、給電部１０３から横方向に直線的にアンテナ導体を伸ばした構成での測定結果について以下に述べる。 <Example 1>
(Characteristics of antenna receiving AM broadcast wave)
In the following FIGS. 4 and 5, the feeding portion 103 is provided at the upper corner of the window glass, and the antenna conductor is linearly extended in the lateral direction from the feeding portion 103 without providing the coil 105 and the branch element 113. The measurement results are described below.
　図４は、ボディフランジの端部１０７とアンテナ導体との距離と、ＡＭの受信利得の関係の一例を示す。図４において、横軸はボディフランジの端部１０７とアンテナ導体との距離（単位：ｍｍ）、縦軸はＡＭの受信電圧（単位：ｄＢμＶ）を示す。なお、アンテナ導体の長さは１０００ｍｍとした。 FIG. 4 shows an example of the relationship between the distance between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor and the reception gain of the AM. 4, the horizontal axis indicates the distance (unit: mm) between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor, and the vertical axis indicates the AM reception voltage (unit: dBμV). The length of the antenna conductor was 1000 mm.
　図４より明らかなように、アンテナ導体のＡＭ帯の受信能力は、アンテナ導体がボディフランジの端部１０７と離れるほど増大することが分かる。また、このとき、ＡＭ帯で実用上問題ない受信利得を得るためには、受信電圧が２０ｄＢμＶあることが好ましい。したがって、図４よりボディフランジの端部１０７とアンテナ導体との距離は、１５ｍｍ以上離すことが好ましい。 As can be seen from FIG. 4, the AM band reception capability of the antenna conductor increases as the antenna conductor moves away from the end 107 of the body flange. At this time, in order to obtain a reception gain that does not cause any practical problem in the AM band, the reception voltage is preferably 20 dBμV. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the distance between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor is preferably 15 mm or more.
　図５は、ボディフランジの端部１０７とアンテナ導体との距離と２０ｄＢμＶの受信電圧が得られるアンテナ導体のエレメント長の一例を示す。本実施例を測定した構成のエレメント長とは、横方向に直線的に伸ばしたアンテナ導体の長さであり、すなわち第１、第２及び第３の実施形態のエレメント長ｃの長さに対応する。図５において、横軸はボディフランジの端部１０７とアンテナ導体との距離（単位：ｍｍ）、縦軸は２０ｄＢμＶの受信電圧が得られるアンテナ導体の長さ（単位：ｍｍ）を示す。 FIG. 5 shows an example of the distance between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor and the element length of the antenna conductor from which a received voltage of 20 dBμV can be obtained. The element length of the configuration measured in this example is the length of the antenna conductor linearly extended in the lateral direction, that is, corresponds to the length of the element length c in the first, second, and third embodiments. To do. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis indicates the distance (unit: mm) between the end portion 107 of the body flange and the antenna conductor, and the vertical axis indicates the length of the antenna conductor (unit: mm) from which a received voltage of 20 dBμV is obtained.
　図５より明らかなように、２０ｄＢμＶ以上の受信電圧を得るためには、アンテナ導体がボディフランジの端部１０７に近いほどアンテナ導体の長さを長くする必要があることが分かる。ボディフランジの端部１０７から１００ｍｍ以内の位置にアンテナ導体を設ける場合には、アンテナ導体は約１００ｍｍ以上の長さがあれば良いことが確認された。 As can be seen from FIG. 5, in order to obtain a reception voltage of 20 dBμV or higher, it is necessary to increase the length of the antenna conductor as the antenna conductor is closer to the end portion 107 of the body flange. In the case where the antenna conductor is provided at a position within 100 mm from the end portion 107 of the body flange, it has been confirmed that the antenna conductor should have a length of about 100 mm or more.
　＜実施例２＞
　（コイル１０５の特性）
　図１で示した第１実施形態のガラスアンテナが設けられた自動車用窓ガラスを実際の自動車に取り付けて、ガラスアンテナの受信利得を実測した結果について説明する。 <Example 2>
(Characteristics of the coil 105)
The result of actually measuring the reception gain of the glass antenna by attaching the window glass for an automobile provided with the glass antenna of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to an actual automobile will be described.
　図１で示した第１実施形態において、インダクタンスの異なるコイルを用意し、第２の水平エレメントの途中部にスイッチを設けて、途中部を断線させた場合と、連結させた場合とで得られる受信電圧を、コイル毎に測定した。測定の際の図１に示した各部の寸法は、
　第１の水平エレメント１１１の給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までのエレメント長ａ：３３０ｍｍ
　第１の水平エレメント１１１の分岐点１１５からコイル１０５までのエレメント長ｂ：２０ｍｍ
　分岐エレメント１１３の斜めエレメント１１６のエレメント長：１３０ｍｍ
　分岐エレメント１１３の第３の水平エレメント１１７のエレメント長：９０ｍｍ
　第２の水平エレメント１２１のコイル１０５からスイッチまでのエレメント長：４００ｍｍ
　第２の水平エレメント１２１のスイッチから先端までのエレメント長：２７０ｍｍ
　第１の水平エレメント１１１とボディフランジの端部１０７との距離：２０ｍｍ
　第２の水平エレメント１２１とボディフランジの端部１０７との距離：２０ｍｍ
　第３の水平エレメント１１７と第２の水平エレメント１２１との距離：１１５ｍｍ
とした。 In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a coil having different inductances is prepared, a switch is provided in the middle of the second horizontal element, and the case where the middle is disconnected is obtained. The received voltage was measured for each coil. The dimensions of each part shown in FIG.
Element length a from the power feeding portion 103 to the branch point 115 of the first horizontal element 111: 330 mm
Element length b from the branch point 115 of the first horizontal element 111 to the coil 105: 20 mm
Element length of the oblique element 116 of the branch element 113: 130 mm
Element length of the third horizontal element 117 of the branch element 113: 90 mm
Element length from the coil 105 of the second horizontal element 121 to the switch: 400 mm
Element length from switch to tip of second horizontal element 121: 270 mm
Distance between first horizontal element 111 and body flange end 107: 20 mm
Distance between second horizontal element 121 and body flange end 107: 20 mm
Distance between third horizontal element 117 and second horizontal element 121: 115 mm
It was.
　また、各エレメントの導体幅は０．８ｍｍであった。給電部１０３は、縦１２ｍｍ、横３０ｍｍの長方形であった。なお、各エレメントの導体幅、給電部の大きさは以下、実施例全てにおいて同様である。また、上記のエレメント長は、コイル及びスイッチを除いたアンテナ導体のみの長さを指す。 The conductor width of each element was 0.8 mm. The power feeding unit 103 was a rectangle having a length of 12 mm and a width of 30 mm. In addition, the conductor width of each element and the size of the power feeding portion are the same in all the embodiments below. Moreover, said element length points out the length of only the antenna conductor except a coil and a switch.
　図６は、コイルのインダクタンスがＦＭ受信利得に及ぼす影響の一例を示す図である。図６において、横軸はコイルのインダクタンス（単位：μＨ）、縦軸は左軸がＦＭの受信利得、右軸が利得差（単位：ｄＢ）を示し、例１は途中部を連結させた場合、例２は途中部を断線させた場合、例３は例１と例２の差を示す。 FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the influence of the coil inductance on the FM reception gain. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the coil inductance (unit: μH), the left axis represents the FM reception gain, the right axis represents the gain difference (unit: dB), and Example 1 is a case where the middle part is connected. Example 2 shows the difference between Example 1 and Example 2 when the middle part is disconnected.
　図６より明らかなように、コイル１０５のインダクタンスが０．４μＨ以上であれば、途中部を断線させた場合と連結させた場合で利得差が３ｄＢ以下になることが分かる。すなわち、０．４μＨ以上のインダクタンスを持つコイル１０５を使用することで、ＦＭ帯におけるインピーダンスが高くなるため、第２のアンテナ素子１２０はＦＭアンテナとして機能しなくなる。したがって、コイル１０５は０．４μＨ以上のインダクタンスを有することが好ましい。 As is apparent from FIG. 6, when the inductance of the coil 105 is 0.4 μH or more, it can be seen that the gain difference becomes 3 dB or less when the middle part is disconnected and when it is connected. That is, since the impedance in the FM band is increased by using the coil 105 having an inductance of 0.4 μH or more, the second antenna element 120 does not function as an FM antenna. Therefore, the coil 105 preferably has an inductance of 0.4 μH or more.
　図７は、コイルのインダクタンスがＡＭ受信利得に及ぼす影響の一例を示す図である。図７において、横軸はコイルのインダクタンス（単位：μＨ）、縦軸はコイル装着部分を直結させた状態を基準としたときのＡＭの受信利得の相対値（単位：ｄＢ）を示し、凡例は測定した周波数の値を示す。 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the influence of the coil inductance on the AM reception gain. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents the inductance of the coil (unit: μH), the vertical axis represents the relative value (unit: dB) of the AM reception gain with reference to the state where the coil mounting portion is directly connected, and the legend is Indicates the measured frequency value.
　図７より明らかなように、コイル１０５のインダクタンスが７００μＨ超で、ＡＭの周波数帯において得られる利得に変化が生じ、安定してＡＭの利得が得られなくなる。これは、コイル１０５のインダクタンスが高すぎると、ＡＭ帯に対してもインピーダンスが高くなるためであると考えられ、コイルの１０５は７００μＨ以下のインダクタンスを有することが好ましい。 As can be seen from FIG. 7, when the inductance of the coil 105 exceeds 700 μH, the gain obtained in the AM frequency band changes, and the AM gain cannot be obtained stably. This is considered to be because if the inductance of the coil 105 is too high, the impedance also increases with respect to the AM band, and the coil 105 preferably has an inductance of 700 μH or less.
　以上より、０．４μＨ以上７００μＨ以下のインダクタンスのコイルを用いることで、ＦＭの信号は遮断し、ＡＭの信号は通過させる効果が得られることが確認された。 From the above, it was confirmed that by using a coil having an inductance of 0.4 μH or more and 700 μH or less, an FM signal is cut off and an AM signal is passed.
　＜実施例３＞
　（コイル１０５及び分岐点１１５を設ける位置とＦＭ利得）
　図１で示した第１実施形態において、第１の水平エレメント１１１の給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までの長さａ及び分岐点１１５からコイル１０５までの長さｂを変化させたときのＦＭの受信利得を測定した。測定の際の図１に示した各部の寸法は、
　第１の水平エレメント１１１とボディフランジの端部１０７との距離：２０ｍｍ
　第２の水平エレメント１２１とボディフランジの端部１０７との距離：２０ｍｍ
　第３の水平エレメント１１７と第２の水平エレメント１２１との距離：１１０ｍｍ
とした。 <Example 3>
(Locations where the coil 105 and the branch point 115 are provided and FM gain)
In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the FM of the first horizontal element 111 when the length a from the power feeding portion 103 to the branch point 115 and the length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105 are changed. The reception gain was measured. The dimensions of each part shown in FIG.
Distance between first horizontal element 111 and body flange end 107: 20 mm
Distance between second horizontal element 121 and body flange end 107: 20 mm
Distance between third horizontal element 117 and second horizontal element 121: 110 mm
It was.
　また、全ての測定条件の場合において、給電部１０３から分岐点１１５を経由した分岐エレメント１１３の先端までのエレメント長（ａ＋ｄ）は５５０ｍｍとし、給電部１０３から第２の水平エレメント１２１の先端までのエレメント長ｃは１０５０ｍｍとした。コイル１０５はインダクタンスが１．９１μＨのものを使用した。 In all measurement conditions, the element length (a + d) from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the branch element 113 via the branch point 115 is 550 mm, and the length from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the second horizontal element 121 is The element length c was 1050 mm. The coil 105 having an inductance of 1.91 μH was used.
　図８は、コイルの設置位置がＦＭ受信利得に及ぼす影響の一例を示す図である。図８において、横軸は分岐点１１５からコイル１０５までのエレメント長ｂ（単位：ｍｍ）、縦軸はＦＭの受信利得（単位：ｄＢ）を示している。また、凡例は給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までのエレメント長ａの値を示している。 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the influence of the coil installation position on the FM reception gain. In FIG. 8, the horizontal axis indicates the element length b (unit: mm) from the branch point 115 to the coil 105, and the vertical axis indicates the FM reception gain (unit: dB). The legend indicates the value of the element length a from the power feeding unit 103 to the branch point 115.
　図８より明らかなように、全ての凡例の場合において、分岐点１１５からコイル１０５までのエレメント長ｂの値、すなわちコイルを設ける位置が、分岐点１１５から４９０ｍｍ以下及び６８５ｍｍ以上の範囲で、実用上問題ないＦＭ受信利得の値である４０ｄＢ以上が得られることが確認された。 As is clear from FIG. 8, in all the cases of the legend, the value of the element length b from the branch point 115 to the coil 105, that is, the position where the coil is provided is practical within the range of 490 mm or less and 685 mm or more from the branch point 115. It was confirmed that an FM reception gain value of 40 dB or more, which is not a problem, can be obtained.
　また、特に第１の水平エレメント１１１の給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までのエレメント長ａが２４５ｍｍ以下であれば、コイル１０５を設ける位置に関わらず、充分なＦＭ帯の受信利得を得ることができ、１２２ｍｍ以下、５０ｍｍ以下であれば、さらに好ましいことが確認された。 In particular, if the element length a from the power feeding portion 103 to the branch point 115 of the first horizontal element 111 is 245 mm or less, a sufficient FM band reception gain can be obtained regardless of the position where the coil 105 is provided. 122 mm or less and 50 mm or less were confirmed to be more preferable.
　＜実施例４＞
　（ＡＭ利得）
　図１で示した第１実施形態において、得られるＡＭの受信利得を測定した。測定の際の図１に示した各部の寸法は、
　第１の水平エレメント１１１の給電部１０３から分岐点１１５までのエレメント長ａ：３３０ｍｍ
　第１の水平エレメント１１１の分岐点１１５からコイル１０５までのエレメント長ｂ：１０ｍｍ
　分岐エレメント１１３の斜め方向のエレメントのエレメント長：１３０ｍｍ
　分岐エレメント１１３の水平方向のエレメントのエレメント長：９０ｍｍ
　給電部１０３から第２の水平エレメント１２１の先端までのエレメント長ｃ：１０５０ｍｍ
　第１の水平エレメント１１１とボディフランジの端部１０７との距離：２０ｍｍ
　第２の水平エレメント１２１とボディフランジの端部１０７との距離：２０ｍｍ
　分岐エレメンント１１３と第２の水平エレメント１２１との距離：１１０ｍｍ
とした。 <Example 4>
(AM gain)
In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the AM reception gain obtained was measured. The dimensions of each part shown in FIG.
Element length a from the power feeding portion 103 to the branch point 115 of the first horizontal element 111: 330 mm
Element length b from the branch point 115 of the first horizontal element 111 to the coil 105: 10 mm
Element length of the element in the oblique direction of the branch element 113: 130 mm
Element length of the horizontal element of the branch element 113: 90 mm
Element length c from the power feeding unit 103 to the tip of the second horizontal element 121: 1050 mm
Distance between first horizontal element 111 and body flange end 107: 20 mm
Distance between second horizontal element 121 and body flange end 107: 20 mm
Distance between branch element 113 and second horizontal element 121: 110 mm
It was.
　図９は、第１実施形態におけるＡＭ帯の受信利得の一例を示す図である。図９において、横軸は周波数（単位：ｋＨｚ）、縦軸はＡＭ受信電圧（単位：ｄＢμＶ）を示す。図９より、全てのＡＭ周波数帯で充分高いＡＭ受信電圧が得られることが確認された。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of AM band reception gain in the first embodiment. In FIG. 9, the horizontal axis represents frequency (unit: kHz) and the vertical axis represents AM reception voltage (unit: dBμV). From FIG. 9, it was confirmed that a sufficiently high AM reception voltage can be obtained in all AM frequency bands.
　以上、ガラスアンテナ及びアンテナを備えた窓ガラスを実施形態及び実施例により説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態及び実施例に限定されるものではない。他の実施形態及び実施例の一部または全部との組み合わせや置換などの種々の変形及び改良が、本発明の範囲内で可能である。 As mentioned above, although the window glass provided with the glass antenna and the antenna was demonstrated by embodiment and the Example, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment and Example. Various modifications and improvements such as combinations and substitutions with part or all of other embodiments and examples are possible within the scope of the present invention.
　本出願は、２０１４年３月４日に日本国特許庁に出願された特願２０１４－０４２０４５に基づくものであり、この出願を優先権主張するものであり、この出願の全ての内容を参照することにより包含するものである。 This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-042045 filed with the Japan Patent Office on March 4, 2014, and claims priority from this application. Reference is made to the entire contents of this application. It is included.
１０１　窓ガラス
１０３，３０３　給電部
１０５　コイル
１０７　ボディフランジの端部
１０８　凸部
１０９　黒色遮蔽膜の端部
１１０　第１のアンテナ素子
１１１　第１の水平エレメント
１１３，２１３　分岐エレメント
１１５，２１５　分岐点
１１６，２１６　斜めエレメント
１１７，２１７　第３の水平エレメント
１２０，３２０　第２のアンテナ素子
１２１　第２の水平エレメント
ａ　第１の水平エレメントのうち給電部から分岐点までの長さ
ｂ　第１の水平エレメントのうち分岐点からコイルまでの長さ
ｃ　給電部から第２の水平エレメント先端までの長さ
ｄ　分岐点から分岐エレメントの先端までの長さ
ｅ　第３の水平エレメントと第１の水平エレメント及び第２の水平エレメントとの距離 101 Window glass 103, 303 Feeding part 105 Coil 107 End of body flange 108 Protruding part 109 End of black shielding film 110 First antenna element 111 First horizontal element 113, 213 Branching element 115, 215 Branching point 116, 216 Diagonal elements 117 and 217 Third horizontal elements 120 and 320 Second antenna element 121 Second horizontal element a Length of first horizontal element from feeder to branch point b Of first horizontal element Length c from the branch point to the coil Length d from the power supply section to the tip of the second horizontal element d Length from the branch point to the tip of the branch element e Third horizontal element, first horizontal element, and second Distance to horizontal element

Claims (13)

  1. 　窓ガラスに設けられた給電部と、前記給電部に接続されたアンテナ導体とを備えた自動車用ガラスアンテナにおいて、
    　前記アンテナ導体は、第１のアンテナ素子と第２のアンテナ素子とを有し、前記第１のアンテナ素子と前記第２のアンテナ素子とはコイルを介して接続され、
    　前記第１のアンテナ素子は、第１の水平エレメントと分岐エレメントとを備え、
    　前記第１の水平エレメントは、一端が前記給電部に接続され、他端が前記コイルに接続され、前記窓ガラスの周縁に沿って延伸し、
    　前記分岐エレメントは、前記第１の水平エレメント上の分岐点より分岐して設けられ、
    　前記第２のアンテナ素子は、一端が前記コイルに接続され、前記窓ガラスの周縁に沿って延伸する第２の水平エレメントを備えることを特徴とする自動車用ガラスアンテナ。     In an automotive glass antenna comprising a power feeding portion provided on a window glass and an antenna conductor connected to the power feeding portion,
    The antenna conductor has a first antenna element and a second antenna element, and the first antenna element and the second antenna element are connected via a coil,
    The first antenna element includes a first horizontal element and a branch element;
    The first horizontal element has one end connected to the power feeding unit, the other end connected to the coil, and extends along the periphery of the window glass,
    The branch element is provided by branching from a branch point on the first horizontal element,
    The glass antenna for an automobile, wherein the second antenna element includes a second horizontal element having one end connected to the coil and extending along a peripheral edge of the window glass.
  2. 　所定の第１の周波数帯と前記第１の周波数帯より周波数が高い所定の第２の周波数帯とがあり、前記第２の周波数帯の中心周波数における空気中の波長をλ０２で表し、前記窓ガラスの波長短縮率をｋで表し、前記窓ガラス上での波長をλｇ＝λ０２・ｋで表すと、
    　前記分岐点から前記コイルまでのエレメント長は、０．２５λｇ以下または０．３５λｇ以上０．６λｇ以下である請求項１に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。     There is a predetermined first frequency band and a predetermined second frequency band having a higher frequency than the first frequency band, and a wavelength in the air at a center frequency of the second frequency band is represented by λ 02 , When the wavelength shortening rate of the window glass is represented by k, and the wavelength on the window glass is represented by λ g = λ 02 · k,
    2. The glass antenna for an automobile according to claim 1, wherein an element length from the branch point to the coil is 0.25λ g or less, or 0.35λ g or more and 0.6λ g or less.
  3. 　前記コイルのインダクタンスは、０．７５μＨ以上７００μＨ以下である請求項１または２に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。 The automobile glass antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an inductance of the coil is not less than 0.75 µH and not more than 700 µH.
  4. 　前記給電部から前記分岐点までのエレメント長は、前記窓ガラス上での波長をλｇで表すと、（３／１６）・λｇ以下である請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。 Element length from the feeding portion to the branching point, the expressed wavelengths on the window glass at λ g, (3/16) · λ g or less according to any one of claims 1 3 Automotive glass antenna.
  5. 　前記給電部から前記分岐点までのエレメント長は、前記窓ガラス上での波長をλｇで表すと、（１／８）・λｇ以下である請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。 Element length from the feeding portion to the branching point, the expressed wavelengths on the window glass at λ g, (1/8) · λ according to any one of claims 1 3 g or less Automotive glass antenna.
  6. 　前記窓ガラスが自動車の車体開口部に設置されたとき、前記第１のアンテナ素子と前記第２のアンテナ素子とは、前記車体開口部を形成するボディフランジの端部と、前記第１の水平エレメント及び前記第２の水平エレメントとの距離がそれぞれ１５ｍｍ以上となるように前記窓ガラスに配設されている請求項１から５のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。 When the window glass is installed in the vehicle body opening of the automobile, the first antenna element and the second antenna element include an end of a body flange that forms the vehicle body opening, and the first horizontal element. The glass antenna for an automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the glass antenna is disposed on the window glass such that a distance between the element and the second horizontal element is 15 mm or more.
  7. 　前記給電部から前記第２の水平エレメントの前記コイルとは反対側の端部までのエレメント長は、前記窓ガラス上での波長をλｇで表すと、（３／８）・λｇ以上（６／８）・λｇ以下である請求項１から６のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。 Element length to the end opposite to the coil of the second horizontal element from the feed section, to represent the wavelength at the window on a glass λ g, (3/8) · λ g or more ( the glass antenna for an automobile according to any one of claims 1 6 6/8) · λ g or less.
  8. 　前記給電部から前記分岐点を介して前記分岐エレメントの先端までのエレメント長は、前記窓ガラス上での波長をλｇで表すと、（１／８）・λｇ以上（３／８）・λｇ以下である請求項１から７のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。 The element length from the feeding section to the tip of the branch element via the branch point is expressed as (1/8) · λ g or more (3/8) · when the wavelength on the window glass is represented by λ g. The glass antenna for an automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is λg or less.
  9. 　前記分岐エレメントは、前記第１の水平エレメントよりも前記窓ガラスの面内側に設けられている請求項１から８のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。 The glass antenna for an automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the branch element is provided inside the surface of the window glass with respect to the first horizontal element.
  10. 　前記窓ガラスの周縁領域に黒色遮蔽膜が設けられ、
    　前記分岐エレメントは、前記分岐点より前記黒色遮蔽膜の端部に沿って延伸している請求項１から９のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。     A black shielding film is provided in the peripheral area of the window glass,
    The automotive glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the branch element extends along the end of the black shielding film from the branch point.
  11. 　前記黒色遮蔽膜は、前記周縁領域のうち前記窓ガラスの面内方向に台形状に突出して形成された凸部を有し、
    　前記分岐エレメントは、前記分岐点より前記凸部の周縁に沿って延伸している請求項１０に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。     The black shielding film has a convex portion formed in a trapezoidal shape in the in-plane direction of the window glass in the peripheral region,
    The glass antenna for an automobile according to claim 10, wherein the branch element extends along a peripheral edge of the convex portion from the branch point.
  12. 　前記第１の周波数帯は、５２０ｋＨｚ以上１７００ｋＨｚ以下のＡＭ放送帯である請求項２から１１のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナ。 The glass antenna for an automobile according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein the first frequency band is an AM broadcast band of 520 kHz to 1700 kHz.
  13. 　請求項１から１２のいずれか一項に記載の自動車用ガラスアンテナを備えることを特徴とする自動車用窓ガラス。 An automotive window glass comprising the automotive glass antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
PCT/JP2015/054432 2014-03-04 2015-02-18 Glass antenna and windowpane provided with antenna WO2015133276A1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

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CN112005434A (en) * 2018-04-13 2020-11-27 中央硝子株式会社 Windshield having glass antenna element
JP2021010086A (en) * 2019-06-28 2021-01-28 Ａｇｃ株式会社 Back door and rear glass
JP2021106419A (en) * 2015-10-29 2021-07-26 日本板硝子株式会社 Vehicle window glass
WO2023204158A1 (en) * 2022-04-19 2023-10-26 Ａｇｃ株式会社 For-vehicle antenna device

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JP2021106419A (en) * 2015-10-29 2021-07-26 日本板硝子株式会社 Vehicle window glass
JP7153757B2 (en) 2015-10-29 2022-10-14 日本板硝子株式会社 vehicle window glass
CN112005434A (en) * 2018-04-13 2020-11-27 中央硝子株式会社 Windshield having glass antenna element
CN112005434B (en) * 2018-04-13 2023-06-06 中央硝子株式会社 Windshield with glass antenna element
JP2021010086A (en) * 2019-06-28 2021-01-28 Ａｇｃ株式会社 Back door and rear glass
JP7283269B2 (en) 2019-06-28 2023-05-30 Ａｇｃ株式会社 Back door and rear glass
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WO2023204158A1 (en) * 2022-04-19 2023-10-26 Ａｇｃ株式会社 For-vehicle antenna device

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