WO2015127716A1 - 一种直流输电保护装置、换流器及保护方法 - Google Patents

一种直流输电保护装置、换流器及保护方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015127716A1
WO2015127716A1 PCT/CN2014/076710 CN2014076710W WO2015127716A1 WO 2015127716 A1 WO2015127716 A1 WO 2015127716A1 CN 2014076710 W CN2014076710 W CN 2014076710W WO 2015127716 A1 WO2015127716 A1 WO 2015127716A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
protection device
current
switch
series
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/076710
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹冬明
谢晔源
邵震霞
卢宇
李敏
刘海彬
李海英
Original Assignee
南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司, 南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
Priority to EP14883640.6A priority Critical patent/EP3113311A4/en
Priority to CA2939459A priority patent/CA2939459C/en
Priority to US15/118,669 priority patent/US20170047727A1/en
Priority to KR1020167023635A priority patent/KR102127036B1/ko
Priority to AU2014384465A priority patent/AU2014384465A1/en
Publication of WO2015127716A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015127716A1/zh
Priority to AU2018203019A priority patent/AU2018203019B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H3/202—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage for dc systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/1252—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to overvoltage in input or output, e.g. by load dump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/127—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers having auxiliary control electrode to which blocking control voltages or currents are applied in case of emergency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/2173—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a biphase or polyphase circuit arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
    • H05K7/20927—Liquid coolant without phase change
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1227—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/1257—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to short circuit or wrong polarity in output circuit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of direct current transmission, and particularly relates to a protection device for a DC short-circuit fault of a flexible direct current transmission, an inverter composed of the protection device and a protection method thereof.
  • HVDC High-Voltage Direct Current
  • a high-power semi-controlled power electronic device such as a thyristor
  • a fully-controlled power electronic device such as an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • IGCT Insulated Gate Commutated Thyristor
  • the direct current transmission using the thyristor of the semi-controlled power electronic device is called the current source type converter-based direct current transmission system (CSC-HVDC), also known as the conventional direct current transmission; the direct current transmission using the full control type electric electronic device IGBT It is called a voltage source type converter-based direct current transmission system (VSC-HVDC), also known as flexible direct current transmission.
  • CSC-HVDC current source type converter-based direct current transmission system
  • VSC-HVDC voltage source type converter-based direct current transmission system
  • the DC transmission system is a high-voltage, high-current electrical device. In the event of a fault, the device may be lost due to overvoltage or overcurrent surge. Therefore, proper protection measures are an important part of the safe and reliable operation of HVDC systems.
  • DC side faults especially represented by DC line faults
  • DC line faults are common. Since DC transmission lines can be thousands of kilometers long and exposed to complex natural environments, the probability of failure is greatest. When a fault occurs in the DC line, such as a short circuit, the DC transmission system will have a serious overcurrent. It is necessary to suppress the short-circuit current in time and assist the DC system to resume normal operation from the fault as soon as possible.
  • DC uses a three-phase bridge converter composed of intergranular tube devices.
  • the DC short-circuit current can be suppressed by the rapid control of the firing angle of the intergranular tube.
  • the specific method is: DC short circuit occurs.
  • the rapid control of the firing angle shift phase causes the DC voltage to reverse rapidly, thereby quickly suppressing the DC short-circuit current.
  • the normal control of the firing angle is resumed and the normal operation of the DC power transmission system is resumed.
  • the flexible direct current transmission system uses the IGBT to constitute a voltage source type inverter, the direct current voltage cannot be reversed by the inverter control, and thus the short circuit current cannot be suppressed in this manner. Therefore, the flexible DC transmission system should deal with the short-circuit fault of the DC line by: Disconnecting the AC incoming line switch directly, thereby stopping the entire DC transmission system. After the fault current is attenuated, recharge and operate.
  • a diode device is connected in parallel in the flexible DC power converter.
  • a loop is provided for the DC short circuit current.
  • the current in the DC loop will be due to the presence of the diode. Difficulty in attenuation, on the one hand, the device will be exposed to high current impact for a longer period of time, on the other hand, it will greatly prolong the recovery time of the entire system, thereby increasing the risk of economic loss and system instability.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a direct current power transmission protection device, an inverter and a protection method, which effectively solve the problem that the short-circuit current of the flexible direct current transmission system is difficult to be attenuated and has the inherent defects of oscillation, and the realization is simple and economical.
  • the present invention provides a DC power transmission protection device, comprising: a resistance unit and a bidirectional circulating current switching unit, wherein the protection device is formed by the resistor unit and the bidirectional circulating current switching unit being connected in parallel;
  • the resistor unit is formed by cascading at least one resistor
  • the bidirectional circulating current switch unit is formed by cascading at least one bidirectional circulating current switch.
  • the bidirectional current-carrying switch is formed by a parallel connection of a diode unit and a switch tube unit, wherein a positive pole of the switch tube unit, a negative pole of the diode unit, and one end of the resistor unit are connected together, and are defined as a positive end of the protection device;
  • the negative pole of the switch tube unit, the anode of the diode unit, and the other end of the resistor unit are connected together, and are defined as a negative end of the protection device;
  • the diode unit is formed by cascading at least one diode
  • the switching tube unit is formed by cascading at least one switching tube.
  • the switch tube is a power semiconductor device having a turn-off function.
  • the bidirectional current switch uses an IGBT, the collector of the IGBT is used as a positive pole of the bidirectional current switch, and the emitter of the IGBT is used as a cathode of the bidirectional current switch;
  • the bidirectional current-carrying switch is configured by using at least one IGCT or at least one GT0, wherein an anode of the IGCT or the GT0 is used as a positive pole of the bidirectional circulating current switch, and a cathode of the IGCT or GT0 is used as the bidirectional The negative pole of the circulating current switch;
  • the bidirectional current-carrying switch is configured by a MOSFET, wherein a drain of the MOSFET is used as a positive pole of the bidirectional current-carrying switch, and a source of the MOSFET is used as a negative pole of the bidirectional current-carrying switch.
  • the protection device is further configured with a corresponding cooling device.
  • the method further includes connecting a voltage protection element between the positive and negative electrodes of the protection device.
  • the method further includes bypassing the switching element in parallel between the positive and negative electrodes of the protection device.
  • the present invention also provides an inverter including the protection device, the inverter comprising three phases, each phase comprising two upper and lower bridge arms, each of the bridge arms being composed of a reactor unit and at least one submodule Connected in series; the upper and lower arms of each phase are combined to form a phase unit, the connection point of the upper and lower arms is the midpoint, and the leading ends of the three upper arms are connected together for the converter
  • the terminals of the three lower arms are connected together, being the negative end of the inverter, characterized in that in each phase unit, at least one of the protection devices is connected in series.
  • connecting at least one of the protection devices in series specifically means: at least one of the protection devices is connected in series between the reactor and the submodule, or is connected in series between the reactor and the midpoint, or Connected in series between two of the sub-modules, or in series between the sub-module and the positive end of the converter, or in series between the sub-module and the negative end of the converter, or in series In the above position of the upper and lower arms.
  • the number of protection devices connected in series in each phase unit is equal.
  • the converter is suitable for a voltage source type topology, and may be a modular multi-level flexible DC system, a two-level flexible direct current system or a three-level flexible direct current system.
  • the present invention also provides a method for protecting the inverter, comprising the steps of: detecting and determining whether a DC-side short-circuit fault occurs, and if so, for all of the protection devices connected in series in the bridge arm The bidirectional circulating current switch applies a shutdown signal; and resumes system operation after the fault current is attenuated.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of: providing a protection device, a converter and a protection method for the flexible direct current transmission, which can quickly and effectively suppress the DC short-circuit current and the damping current oscillation, thereby better protecting the safety of the device, and It can greatly shorten the fault current decay time, thereby shortening the DC outage time, and further, minimizing the economic loss and system instability risk caused by outage.
  • the device has a simple structure and low cost, and has good achievability and economy.
  • Figure 1 is a modular multilevel flexible direct current transmission topology
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a protection device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an inverter including a protection device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a short circuit failure of an inverter including a protection device according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the inverter comprises three phases, each phase comprising two upper and lower bridge arms, and a total of six bridge arms.
  • Each bridge arm is formed by a reactor L and N sub-modules SM connected in series, and the upper and lower bridge arms of each phase are combined to form one phase unit.
  • the connection point of the upper and lower arms is called the midpoint.
  • the terminals of the three upper arms are connected together to be the positive end of the converter; the terminals of the three lower arms are connected together to be the negative end of the converter.
  • the invention provides a protection device comprising a resistor unit and a bidirectional circulating current switch unit, the protection device being formed by the resistor unit and the bidirectional circulating current switch unit being connected in parallel.
  • the resistance unit can be a resistor, or a concatenation of a plurality of resistors in series or in parallel, etc., the same, the bidirectional flow of current switching means may switch cascaded by at least one bidirectional current flow from 0
  • the bidirectional current-carrying switch is formed by a parallel connection of a diode unit and a switch tube unit, wherein a positive pole of the switch tube unit, a negative pole of the diode unit, and one end of the resistor unit are connected together, and are defined as a positive terminal of the protection device; a negative pole of the switch tube unit, a positive pole of the diode unit, and another end of the resistor unit are connected together, defined as a negative terminal of the protection device; the diode unit is composed of at least one diode stage
  • the switch tube unit is formed by cascading at least one switch tube.
  • the switching transistor is a power semiconductor device having a shutdown function.
  • the bidirectional current switch may also be an IGBT, with the collector of the IGBT being the anode of the bidirectional current switch, and the emitter of the IGBT being the cathode of the bidirectional current switch.
  • the bidirectional current switch is configured by using at least one IGCT or at least one GT0 plus other auxiliary devices, and the anode of the IGCT or the Gate-Turn-Off Thyristor (GT0) is used as the The anode of the bidirectional current switch has a cathode of the IGCT or GT0 as a cathode of the bidirectional current switch.
  • the bidirectional current-carrying switch can also be configured by using the MOSFET and other auxiliary devices to form a drain of the Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSSFET).
  • MOSSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
  • a source of the MOSFET is used as a negative electrode of the bidirectional current switch.
  • the switching tube of the protection device will flow through the bridge arm, so the protection device can also be equipped with corresponding cooling equipment.
  • the protection device can also be equipped with corresponding cooling equipment.
  • water cooling can be used.
  • a voltage protection component can be connected in parallel between the positive and negative electrodes of the protection device to inhibit the switch two Overvoltage at the end.
  • a bypass switching element may be connected in parallel between the positive and negative electrodes of the protection device to facilitate the removal of the protection device.
  • the resistance R in the protection device ranges from 0. 100 ohms.
  • a preferred embodiment of the protection device is shown in Figure 2, including a resistor, a switching transistor and a diode.
  • the positive pole of the switch tube T, the negative pole of the diode, and one end of the resistor are connected together, and are defined as the positive end of the protection device.
  • the negative pole of the switch tube, the anode of the diode, and the other end of the resistor are connected together, and are defined as the protection device. Negative end.
  • resistor unit here may be a resistor, or a plurality of resistors may be formed by series or parallel cascading, and is not limited to an actual resistor.
  • switch tube and the diode can be formed by multiple cascades.
  • Figure 2 herein is an equivalent circuit diagram of an embodiment of the protection device.
  • the present invention also provides an inverter for the protection device, the inverter comprising three phases, each phase comprising two upper and lower bridge arms, each of the bridge arms being connected in series by a reactor unit and at least one submodule
  • the upper and lower arms of each phase are combined to form a phase unit, the connection point of the upper and lower arms is a midpoint, and the leading ends of the three upper arms are connected together to be the positive end of the converter;
  • the terminals of the three lower arms are connected together, being the negative end of the converter, characterized in that in each phase unit at least one of the protection devices is connected in series.
  • the number of protection devices connected in series in each phase unit is equal.
  • the protection device may be connected in series at any position in the phase unit, for example, may be connected in series between the reactor and the submodule, or in series between the reactor and the midpoint, or in series in two Between the sub-modules, or in series between the sub-module and the positive end of the converter, or in series between the sub-module and the negative end of the converter.
  • the protection device may be connected in series in the upper arm or the lower arm, or may be connected in series at a symmetrical position in the upper and lower arms, or may be asymmetric.
  • the protection devices connected in series in each phase unit may or may not be corresponding to each other.
  • the converter here can be a modular multi-level flexible DC system, a two-level flexible DC system or a three-level flexible DC system.
  • FIG. 3 A preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 3, in which the protection device is connected in series in the converter shown in FIG. 1, and a protection device is connected in series between the submodules of the three upper arms and the reactor.
  • the series arrangement of the protection devices in such an inverter provided by the present invention belongs to the series connection on the alternating current side of the inverter.
  • the beneficial effects are as follows: (1) The protection device can be integrated with the inverter, and the project can be realized and saved.
  • the protection device can adopt the modular design concept, and adopts standardized design and assembly directly with the converter sub-module. It conforms to the shape, size and wiring of the sub-module and is directly installed in the inverter without occupying extra space. It is very important to emphasize the compact design of flexible DC transmission engineering.
  • the switch tube and its control circuit in the protection device need appropriate power supply, and are installed on the AC side to share the energy-receiving circuit with the converter valve.
  • the high-power power electronics in the protection device requires a water-cooling cycle to cool down, and is installed on the AC side of the converter valve to share the water-cooling device with the converter valve.
  • the present invention also provides a protection method for suppressing a DC short-circuit current and a damping current oscillation by using the protection device, comprising the following steps:
  • step (2) Detect and judge whether a DC side short circuit fault has occurred. If yes, go to step (2).
  • step (3) Detect and judge whether the fault current is attenuated. If yes, go to step (4).
  • connection methods such as series connection and parallel connection.

Abstract

一种直流输电保护装置、含有保护装置的换流器及保护方法，用于柔性直流输电，其中保护装置包括电阻单元（ R）和双向流通电流开关单元（ D ，T），保护装置由电阻单元和双向流通电流开关单元并联而成；其中电阻单元由至少一个电阻级联而成，双向流通电流开关单元由至少一个双向流通电流开关级联而成。换流器在每一个相单元中串联至少一个保护装置。装置能够快速的、有效的抑制直流短路电流、阻尼电流振荡，既能更好的保护设备安全，又能大大缩短故障电流衰减时间、从而缩短直流停运时间，最大程度减小停运带来的经济损失和系统失稳风险。而且装置结构简单、成本较低，具有很好的可实现性和经济性。

Description

说 明 书
一种直流输电保护装置、 换流器及保护方法
技术领域
本发明属于直流输电领域，特别涉及一种柔性直流输电直流短路故障的保护 装置， 使用该保护装置构成的换流器以及其保护方法。 背景技术
直流输电技术 （HVDC， High-Voltage Direct Current ) 是一种借助于大功 率半控电力电子器件（如晶闸管）或全控电力电子器件（如绝缘栅双极型晶体管 (IGBT, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor ) ， 集成门极换流晶闸管（IGCT, Intergrated Gate Commutated Thyristors ) 等） 实现交流 /直流以及直流 /交流 转换， 从而以直流形式输送电力能源的传输技术。其中， 使用半控型电力电子器 件晶闸管的直流输电称为基于电流源型换流器的直流输电系统（CSC-HVDC)， 也 称为常规直流输电； 使用全控型电气电子器件 IGBT的直流输电称为基于电压源 型换流器的直流输电系统 (VSC-HVDC)， 也称为柔性直流输电。
直流输电系统属于高压、 大电流电气设备， 一旦发生故障， 就有可能使设备 因过电压或过电流冲击而损耗。 因此， 适当的保护措施是直流输电系统安全、可 靠运行不可或缺的重要组成部分。
在各种可能的故障中， 尤其以直流线路故障为代表的直流侧故障为普遍。 由 于直流传输线路可能长达数千公里， 且暴露在复杂的自然环境中， 发生故障的概 率最大。 当直流线路发生短路等故障时， 直流输电系统将出现严重的过流， 需要 及时抑制短路电流， 并协助直流系统尽快从故障中恢复正常运行。
常规直流使用晶间管器件构成的三相桥式换流器， 在发生直流侧短路故障 时， 可以通过对晶间管触发角的快速控制来抑制直流短路电流， 具体做法是： 在 发生直流短路故障时， 快速控制触发角移相使直流电压迅速反向， 从而迅速抑制 直流短路电流， 待短路点自然断弧后， 恢复触发角正常控制， 并恢复直流输电系 统正常运行。 如果是一次性的瞬时故障， 直流输电系统将保持继续正常运行； 如 果是永久的短路故障， 系统恢复后将再次出现短路电流，直流输电控制保护系统 根据预先制定的保护逻辑断开交流进线开关， 从而将整个直流输电系统停运。幸 运的是， 这种永久故障在直流线路故障中只占非常小的比例， 因此常规直流输电 系统很少因为直流线路短路而完全停运。
但这种很好保护方式用在柔性直流输电中却完全不可行。由于柔性直流输电 系统采用 IGBT构成电压源型换流器， 无法通过换流器控制使直流电压反向， 也 因此无法以该方式来抑制短路电流。于是柔性直流输电系统应对直流线路短路故 障的措施是： 直接断开交流进线开关， 从而将整个直流输电系统停运。待故障电 流衰减完毕后， 再重新充电、 运行。
在实际工程中，即使付出系统停运的代价来应对直流侧短路故障也不足以很 好的保护柔性直流输电系统的设备不受安全威胁：
( 1 ) 柔性直流输电换流器中并联有二极管器件， 在发生直流短路故障时， 为直流短路电流提供了回路， 即使交流进线开关打开，直流回路中的 断流电流也会由于二极管的存在而衰减困难，一方面是设备将更长时 间的暴露在大电流冲击下，另一方面也大大延长了整个系统恢复的时 间， 从而加剧经济损失和系统失稳风险。
( 2) 在短路发生时，柔性直流输电系统的电感和电容等设备将使短路电流 发生振荡， 进一步加剧了其对设备和外部系统的破坏力。 一种最直接的解决方法是在直流回路中增加直流断路器， 在短路故障发生 时， 通过直流断路器迅速断开直流短路电流。但由于该设备的技术成熟度还不足 以实现工程应用， 因此在很长的一段时间内还无法采用。 未来， 即使在应用技术 成熟后， 其设备复杂、 造价高昂， 运行维护工作量大、 经济性差。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种直流输电保护装置、换流器及保护方法，有效的 解决柔性直流输电系统短路电流衰减困难、存在振荡的的固有缺陷，且实现简单、 经济性好。
为了达到上述目的， 本发明提供一种直流输电保护装置， 其特征在， 包括电 阻单元和双向流通电流开关单元，该保护装置由所述电阻单元和所述双向流通电 流开关单元并联而成； 其中所述电阻单元由至少一个电阻级联而成，所述双向流 通电流开关单元由至少一个双向流通电流开关级联而成。 进一步地， 所述双向流通电流开关由二极管单元和开关管单元的并联而成， 其中， 所述开关管单元的正极、所述二极管单元的负极以及所述电阻单元的一端 连接在一起， 定义为所述保护装置的正端；
所述开关管单元的负极、所述二极管单元的正极以及所述电阻单元的另一端 连接在一起， 定义为所述保护装置的负端；
所述二极管单元由至少一个二极管级联而成，所述开关管单元由至少一个开 关管级联而成。
进一步地， 所述开关管为具有可关断功能的功率半导体器件。
进一步地， 所述双向流通电流开关采用 IGBT, 以所述 IGBT的集电极作为所 述双向流通电流开关的正极， 以所述 IGBT的发射极作为所述双向流通电流开关 的负极；
或者， 所述双向流通电流开关采用至少一个 IGCT或至少一个 GT0构成， 以 所述 IGCT或所述 GT0的阳极作为所述双向流通电流开关的正极，以所述 IGCT或 GT0的阴极作为所述双向流通电流开关的负极；
或者， 所述双向流通电流开关采用 M0SFET构成， 以所述 M0SFET的漏极作为 所述双向流通电流开关的正极， 以所述 M0SFET的源极作为所述双向流通电流开 关的负极。
进一步地， 所述保护装置还配置相应的冷却设备。
进一步地， 还包括在所述保护装置的正负极之间并联电压保护元件。
进一步地， 还包括在所述保护装置的正负极之间并联旁路开关元件。
进一步地， 所述电阻 R取值范围在 0. Γ100欧姆。 本发明还提供一种含有该保护装置的换流器， 所述换流器包括三相，每一相 包括上下两个桥臂， 所述每个桥臂由一个电抗器单元和至少一个子模块串联而 成；每一相的上下两个桥臂合在一起成为一个相单元，上下桥臂的连接点为中点， 三个上桥臂的引出端连接在一起， 为所述换流器正端； 三个下桥臂的引出端连接 在一起， 为所述换流器的负端， 其特征在于， 在每一个相单元中， 串联至少一个 所述保护装置。
进一步地， 串联至少一个所述保护装置具体指： 至少一个所述保护装置串联 在所述电抗器与所述子模块之间， 或者串联在所述电抗器与所述中点之间， 或者 串联在两个所述子模块之间， 或者串联在所述子模块与所述换流器正端之间， 或 者串联在所述子模块与所述换流器负端之间，或者同时串联在上下桥臂上述位置 中。
进一步地， 每个相单元中所串联的保护装置的数量相等。
进一步地， 其特征在于， 所述换流器适用于电压源型拓扑， 可以是模块化多 电平柔性直流系统、 两电平柔性直流系统或者三电平柔性直流系统。 本发明还提供一种该换流器的保护方法， 其特征在于， 包括步骤： 检测并判 断是否发生直流侧短路故障， 如果发生， 则对串联在所述桥臂中的所有所述保护 装置的所述双向流通电流开关施加关断信号；并在故障电流衰减完毕后恢复系统 运行。 为柔性直流输电提供了一种保护装置、 换流器及保护方法， 能够快速的、 有效的抑制直流短路电流、 阻尼电流振荡， 既能更好的保护设备安全， 又能大大 缩短故障电流衰减时间、 从而缩短直流停运时间， 进一步的， 最大程度减小停运 带来的经济损失和系统失稳风险。 而且该装置结构简单、成本较低， 具有很好的 可实现性和经济性。 本发明的有益效果是： 为柔性直流输电提供了一种保护装置、换流器及保护 方法， 能够快速的、 有效的抑制直流短路电流、 阻尼电流振荡， 既能更好的保护 设备安全，又能大大缩短故障电流衰减时间、从而缩短直流停运时间，进一步的， 最大程度减小停运带来的经济损失和系统失稳风险。而且该装置结构简单、成本 较低， 具有很好的可实现性和经济性。 附图说明
图 1是一种模块化多电平柔性直流输电拓扑；
图 2是本发明一种保护装置的单元结构图；
图 3是本发明一种含有保护装置的换流器结构示意图；
图 4是本发明一种含有保护装置换流器发生短路故障的示意图。 具体实施方式
以下将结合附图， 对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。 如图 1所示， 是一个换流器的拓扑结构。 该换流器包括三相，每一相包括上 下两个桥臂， 共由 6个桥臂构成。 每个桥臂由一个电抗器 L和 N个子模块 SM串 联而成， 每一相的上下两个桥臂合在一起成为一个相单元。上下桥臂的连接点称 为中点。三个上桥臂的引出端连接在一起， 为换流器正端； 三个下桥臂的引出端 连接在一起， 为换流器的负端。 本发明提供一种保护装置， 包括一个电阻单元和一个双向流通电流开关单 元， 该保护装置由所述电阻单元和所述双向流通电流开关单元并联而成。其中所 述电阻单元可以是一个电阻， 或者是多个电阻通过串联或者并联等方式级联而 成， 同样的， 该双向流通电流开关单元也可以由至少一个双向流通电流开关级联 而成 0
进一步的， 该双向流通电流开关由二极管单元和开关管单元的并联而成， 其 中， 所述开关管单元的正极、所述二极管单元的负极以及所述电阻单元的一端连 接在一起， 定义为所述保护装置的正端； 开关管单元的负极、所述二极管单元的 正极以及所述电阻单元的另一端连接在一起， 定义为所述保护装置的负端； 所述 二极管单元由至少一个二极管级联而成，所述开关管单元由至少一个开关管级联 而成。 开关管为具有可关断功能的功率半导体器件。
双向流通电流开关还可以采用 IGBT, 以所述 IGBT的集电极作为所述双向流 通电流开关的正极， 以所述 IGBT的发射极作为所述双向流通电流开关的负极。
或者， 所述双向流通电流开关采用至少一个 IGCT或至少一个 GT0加上其他 辅助装置构成， 以所述 IGCT或所述门级关断晶闸管（Gate-Turn-Off Thyristor, GT0)的阳极作为所述双向流通电流开关的正极， 以所述 IGCT或 GT0的阴极作为 所述双向流通电流开关的负极。
或者， 双向流通电流开关还可以采用所述双向流通电流开关采用 M0SFET加 上其他辅助装置构成， 以所述金氧半场效晶体管（（Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, M0SFET) 的漏极作为所述双向流通电流开关的正极， 以所述 M0SFET的源极作为所述双向流通电流开关的负极。
另外， 保护装置的开关管将流过桥臂电流， 因此该保护装置还可以配置相应 的冷却设备。 优选地， 可以采用水冷散热。
另外， 所述保护装置的正负极之间还可以并联电压保护元件， 以抑制开关两 端的过电压。
另外， 所述保护装置的正负极之间还可以并联旁路开关元件， 以方便的切除 保护装置。
另外， 保护装置里的电阻 R取值范围在 0.广 100欧姆。
如图 2所示是保护装置的一个优选实施例， 包括一个电阻、一个开关管和一 个二极管。 开关管 T的正极、 二极管的负极以及电阻的一端连接在一起， 定义为 该保护装置的正端， 开关管的 T的负极、二极管的正极以及电阻另一端连接在一 起， 定义为该保护装置的负端。
需要注意的是， 这里的一个电阻单元可以是一个电阻， 也可以是多个电阻通 过串联、 并联等级联方式构成， 而不局限于一个实际的电阻。 同样的， 开关管、 二极管均可由多个级联而成。 这里的图 2是保护装置实施例的一个等效电路图。 本发明还提供一种该保护装置的换流器， 该换流器包括三相，每一相包括上 下两个桥臂， 所述每个桥臂由一个电抗器单元和至少一个子模块串联而成； 每一 相的上下两个桥臂合在一起成为一个相单元， 上下桥臂的连接点为中点，三个上 桥臂的引出端连接在一起，为所述换流器正端；三个下桥臂的引出端连接在一起， 为所述换流器的负端， 其特征在于， 在每一个相单元中， 串联至少一个所述保护 装置。
优选的， 每个相单元中所串联的保护装置的数量相等。
保护装置可以串联在相单元中的任意位置，例如可以串联在所述电抗器与所 述子模块之间， 或者串联在所述电抗器与所述中点之间， 或者串联在两个所述子 模块之间， 或者串联在所述子模块与所述换流器正端之间， 或者串联在所述子模 块与所述换流器负端之间。
且所述保护装置可以单独串联在上桥臂或下桥臂中，也可同时串联在上下桥 臂中的对称位置， 也可以不对称。
各个相单元中所串联的保护装置可以串在对应位置， 也可以不对应。
这里的换流器可以是模块化多电平柔性直流系统、两电平柔性直流系统或者 三电平柔性直流系统。
一种较优的实施方案如图 3所示，是将保护装置串联在图 1所给出的换流器 中， 在三个上桥臂的子模块与电抗器之间各串联一个保护装置。 本发明提供的这种换流器中保护装置的串联方式，属于在换流器的交流侧的 串联。 这样具有益效果是： （1 ) 保护装置可与换流器一体化设计、 工程可实现 性好、节省空间。保护装置可采用模块化设计理念， 直接与换流器子模块采用标 准化设计和组装， 与子模块外形、 尺寸、 接线一致， 直接装设在换流器中， 不占 据额外空间， 这一优势在非常强调紧凑型设计的柔性直流输电工程中至关重要。
( 2 ) 无需独立取能。 保护装置中的开关管及其控制回路需要适当的电源供电， 在交流侧安装， 可以与换流阀共用取能回路。 （3 )可以不用配置独立冷却设备， 与其他设备共用冷却设备。保护装置中的大功率电力电子器件需要水冷循环来降 温， 在换流阀交流侧安装， 可以与换流阀共用水冷设备。 （4) 结构简单、 体积 小、 成本低。 相比直流侧， 交流侧电流有效值小， 保护装置的开关管可以选择换 流器同型号开关管即可， 而无需采用多开关管并联结构来提升电流额定值。 （5 ) 抑制电流振荡效果更好。理论分析与试验结果表明，保护装置串联在换流器交流 侧在故障初期对电流振荡的抑制效果好， 能有效抑制桥臂的故障电流峰值， 降低 整个桥臂的子模块电流应力。 对于本发明所提供的含有保护装置的换流器，当该换流器正端与负端所连线 路等设备发生短路时， 各桥臂会流过较大的短路电流， 且受整个回路中电容和电 感的影响， 短路电流还会发生振荡， 从而严重危及整个系统设备的安全。 图 4为 该发生短路时的示意图。
针对此问题， 本发明还提供一种利用所述保护装置来抑制直流短路电流、阻 尼电流振荡的保护方法， 包括如下步骤：
( 1 ) 检测并判断是否发生直流侧短路故障， 如果是， 转步骤 （2 ) 。
( 2 ) 对串联在桥臂的所有保护装置的双向流通电流开关 施加关断信号。
( 3 ) 检测并判断故障电流是否衰减完毕， 如果是， 转步骤 （4) 。
( 4) 恢复柔性直流输电系统运行。
本发明中所称的级联， 包括串联、 并联等连接方式。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想， 不能以此限定本发明的保护范围， 凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想， 在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本 发明保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种直流输电保护装置， 其特征在， 包括电阻单元和双向流通电流开关 单元， 该保护装置由所述电阻单元和所述双向流通电流开关单元并联而成； 其中 所述电阻单元由至少一个电阻级联而成，所述双向流通电流开关单元由至少一个 双向流通电流开关级联而成。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的保护装置， 其特征在于， 所述双向流通电流开关由 二极管单元和开关管单元的并联而成， 其中， 所述开关管单元的正极、所述二极 管单元的负极以及所述电阻单元的一端连接在一起， 定义为所述保护装置的正
¾ ;
所述开关管单元的负极、所述二极管单元的正极以及所述电阻单元的另一端 连接在一起， 定义为所述保护装置的负端；
所述二极管单元由至少一个二极管级联而成，所述开关管单元由至少一个开 关管级联而成。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的保护装置， 其特征在于， 所述开关管为具有可关断 功能的功率半导体器件。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的保护装置， 其特征在于， 所述双向流通电流开关采 用 IGBT, 以所述 IGBT的集电极作为所述双向流通电流开关的正极， 以所述 IGBT 的发射极作为所述双向流通电流开关的负极；
或者， 所述双向流通电流开关采用至少一个 IGCT或至少一个 GT0构成， 以 所述 IGCT或所述 GT0的阳极作为所述双向流通电流开关的正极，以所述 IGCT或 GT0的阴极作为所述双向流通电流开关的负极；
或者， 所述双向流通电流开关采用 M0SFET构成， 以所述 M0SFET的漏极作为 所述双向流通电流开关的正极， 以所述 M0SFET的源极作为所述双向流通电流开 关的负极。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的保护装置， 其特征在于， 所述保护装置还配置相应 的冷却设备。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的保护装置， 其特征在于， 还包括在所述保护装置的 正负极之间并联电压保护元件。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的保护装置， 其特征在于， 还包括在所述保护装置的 正负极之间并联旁路开关元件。
8、 如权利要求 1 所述的保护装置， 其特征在于， 所述电阻 R取值范围在 0.广 100欧姆。
9、一种含有权利要求 1所述保护装置的换流器，所述换流器包括三相，每一 相包括上下两个桥臂，所述每个桥臂由一个电抗器单元和至少一个子模块串联而 成；每一相的上下两个桥臂合在一起成为一个相单元，上下桥臂的连接点为中点， 三个上桥臂的引出端连接在一起， 为所述换流器正端； 三个下桥臂的引出端连接 在一起， 为所述换流器的负端， 其特征在于， 在每一个相单元中， 串联至少一个 所述保护装置。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的换流器， 其特征在于， 串联至少一个所述保护装置 具体指： 至少一个所述保护装置串联在所述电抗器与所述子模块之间， 或者串联 在所述电抗器与所述中点之间， 或者串联在两个所述子模块之间， 或者串联在所 述子模块与所述换流器正端之间， 或者串联在所述子模块与所述换流器负端之 间， 或者同时串联在上下桥臂上述位置中。
11、 如权利要求 9或 10所述的换流器， 其特征在于， 每个相单元中所串联 的保护装置的数量相等。
12、 如权利要求 9所述的换流器， 其特征在于， 所述换流器适用于电压源型 拓扑， 可以是模块化多电平柔性直流系统、两电平柔性直流系统或者三电平柔性 直流系统。
13、 一种如权利要求 9所述换流器的保护方法， 其特征在于， 包括步骤： 检 测并判断是否发生直流侧短路故障， 如果发生， 则对串联在所述桥臂中的所有所 述保护装置的所述双向流通电流开关施加关断信号；并在故障电流衰减完毕后恢 复系统运行。
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