WO2015125008A1 - Procédé et système permettant d'utiliser une combinaison d'une alimentation en fil d'apport et d'une source d'énergie à haute intensité pour souder avec une fréquence de formation d'arc régulée - Google Patents

Procédé et système permettant d'utiliser une combinaison d'une alimentation en fil d'apport et d'une source d'énergie à haute intensité pour souder avec une fréquence de formation d'arc régulée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015125008A1
WO2015125008A1 PCT/IB2015/000227 IB2015000227W WO2015125008A1 WO 2015125008 A1 WO2015125008 A1 WO 2015125008A1 IB 2015000227 W IB2015000227 W IB 2015000227W WO 2015125008 A1 WO2015125008 A1 WO 2015125008A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
consumable
workpiece
wire
current
hot wire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2015/000227
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Steven R. Peters
William Thomas MATTHEWS
Judah Benjamin HENRY
Kent JOHNS
Original Assignee
Lincoln Global, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/561,820 external-priority patent/US20150090703A1/en
Application filed by Lincoln Global, Inc. filed Critical Lincoln Global, Inc.
Publication of WO2015125008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015125008A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
    • B23K9/124—Circuits or methods for feeding welding wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/09—Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/10—Other electric circuits therefor; Protective circuits; Remote controls
    • B23K9/1093—Consumable electrode or filler wire preheat circuits

Definitions

  • Certain embodiments relate to filler wire overlaying applications as well as welding and joining applications. More particularly, certain embodiments relate to systems and methods to utilize a hot-wire deposition process with either a laser or an arc welding process.
  • Embodiments of the present invention comprise a system and method to deposit material in either an overlaying, cladding, joining or welding process using a hotwire technique.
  • Embodiments of the present utilize a hot-wire deposition method in which a plurality of arcing events are created between the wire and the workpiece to aid in the process. The arcing events can aid in controlling the heat input into the process, as well as increase the performance of the process, without compromising the integrity of the process.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatical representation of an exemplary embodiment of a hot-wire and laser system
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatical representation of an exemplary embodiment of a hot-wire and arc welding system
  • FIG. 3 is a further diagrammatical representation of an exemplary embodiment of a hot-wire power supply and a system in which it is utilized;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatical representation of exemplary voltage and current waveform for a hot-wire process in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatical representation of an exemplary hot-wire current waveform synchronized with an arc welding current waveform
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatical representation of an exemplary waveform for hot wire welding at the beginning of the process;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagrammatical representation of another exemplary embodiment of a welding system of the present invention;
  • FIGs. 8A and 8B are diagrammatical representations of exemplary current waveforms that can be used with embodiments of the present invention;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagrammatical representation of another exemplary welding waveform that can be utilized by embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGs. 10A and 10B are exemplary weld joint cross-sections that can be achieved with exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a functional schematic block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a combination filler wire feeder and energy source system 100 for performing any of brazing, cladding, building up, filling, hard-facing overlaying, and joining/welding applications.
  • the system 100 includes a laser subsystem capable of focusing a laser beam 110 onto a workpiece 115 to heat the workpiece 115.
  • the laser subsystem is a high intensity energy source.
  • the laser subsystem can be any type of high energy laser source, including but not limited to carbon dioxide, Nd.YAG, Yb-disk, YB-fiber, fiber delivered or direct diode laser systems. Further, other types of laser systems can be used if they have sufficient energy.
  • inventions of the system may include at least one of an electron beam, a plasma arc welding subsystem, a gas tungsten arc welding subsystem, a gas metal arc welding subsystem, a flux cored arc welding subsystem, and a submerged arc welding subsystem serving as the high intensity energy source.
  • the following specification will repeatedly refer to the laser system, beam and power supply, however, it should be understood that this reference is exemplary as any high intensity energy source may be used.
  • a high intensity energy source can provide at least 500 W/cm 2 .
  • the laser subsystem includes a laser device 120 and a laser power supply 130 operatively connected to each other.
  • the laser power supply 30 provides power to operate the laser device 120.
  • the system 100 also includes a hot filler wire feeder subsystem capable of providing at least one resistive filler wire 140 to make contact with the workpiece 115 in the vicinity of the laser beam 110.
  • a hot filler wire feeder subsystem capable of providing at least one resistive filler wire 140 to make contact with the workpiece 115 in the vicinity of the laser beam 110.
  • the hot filler wire feeder subsystem includes a filler wire feeder 150, a contact tube 160, and a hot wire power supply 170.
  • the filler wire 140 which leads the laser beam 110, is resistance-heated by electrical current from the hot wire welding power supply 170 which is operatively connected between the contact tube 160 and the workpiece 115.
  • the hot wire welding power supply 170 is a pulsed direct current (DC) power supply, although alternating current (AC) or other types of power sup- plies are possible as well.
  • the wire 140 is fed from the filler wire feeder 150 through the contact tube 160 toward the workpiece 115 and extends beyond the tube 160.
  • the extension portion of the wire 140 is resistance-heated such that the extension portion approaches or reaches the melting point before contacting a weld puddle on the workpiece.
  • the laser beam 110 serves to melt some of the base metal of the workpiece 115 to form a weld pud- die and also to melt the wire 140 onto the workpiece 115.
  • the power supply 170 provides a large portion of the energy needed to resistance-melt the filler wire 140.
  • the feeder subsystem may be capable of simultaneously providing one or more wires, in accordance with certain other embodiments of the present invention. For example, a first wire may be used for hard-facing and/or providing corrosion resistance to the workpiece, and a second wire may be used to add structure to the workpiece.
  • the system 100 further includes a motion control subsystem capable of moving the laser beam 110 (energy source) and the resistive filler wire 140 in a same direction 125 along the workpiece 115 (at least in a relative sense) such that the laser beam 110 and the resistive filler wire 140 remain in a fixed relation to each other.
  • the relative motion between the workpiece 115 and the laser/wire combination may be achieved by actually moving the workpiece 115 or by moving the laser device 120 and the hot wire feeder subsystem.
  • the motion control subsystem includes a motion controller 180 operatively connected to a robot 190. The motion controller 180 controls the motion of the robot 190.
  • the robot 190 is operatively connected (e.g., mechanically se- cured) to the workpiece 115 to move the workpiece 115 in the direction 125 such that the laser beam 110 and the wire 140 effectively travel along the workpiece 115.
  • the laser device 110 and the contact tube 160 may be integrated into a single head. The head may be moved along the workpiece 115 via a motion control subsystem operatively connected to the head.
  • a high intensity energy source/hot wire may be moved relative to a workpiece. If the workpiece is round, for example, the high intensity energy source/hot wire may be stationary and the workpiece may be rotated under the high intensity energy source/hot wire. Alternatively, a robot arm or linear tractor may move parallel to the round workpiece and, as the workpiece is rotated, the high intensity energy source/hot wire may move continuously or index once per revolution to, for example, overlay the surface of the round workpiece. If the workpiece is flat or at least not round, the workpiece may be moved under the high intensity energy source/hot wire as shown if FIG. 1. However, a robot arm or linear tractor or even a beam-mounted carriage may be used to move a high intensity energy source/hot wire head relative to the workpiece.
  • the system 00 further includes a sensing and current control subsystem 195 which is operatively connected to the workpiece 115 and the contact tube 160 (i.e., effectively connected to the output of the hot wire power supply 170) and is capable of measuring a potential difference (i.e., a voltage V) between and a current (I) through the workpiece 115 and the hot wire 140.
  • the voltage drop between the wire 140 and the workpiece 115 is in the range of 2 to 8 volts.
  • the sensing and current control subsystem 195 is capable of sensing when the resistive filler wire 140 is in contact with the workpiece 115 and is operatively connected to the hot wire power supply 170 to be further capable of controlling the flow of current through the resistive filler wire 140 in response to the sensing, as is described in more detail later herein.
  • the sensing and current controller 195 may be an integral part of the hot wire power supply 170.
  • the motion controller 180 may further be operatively connected to the laser power supply 130 and/or the sensing and current controller 195.
  • the motion controller 180 and the laser power supply 130 may communicate with each other such that the laser power supply 130 knows when the workpiece 115 is moving and such that the motion controller 180 knows if the la- ser device 120 is active.
  • the motion controller 180 and the sensing and current controller 195 may communicate with each other such that the sensing and current controller 195 knows when the workpiece 115 is moving and such that the motion controller 180 knows if the hot filler wire feeder subsystem is active.
  • Such communications may be used to coordinate activities between the various subsystems of the system 100.
  • the high intensity energy source can be any number of energy sources, including welding power sources.
  • An exemplary embodiment of this is shown in Figure 2, which shows a system 200 similar to the system 100 shown in Figure 1. Many of the components of the system 200 are similar to the components in the system 100, and as such their operation and utilization will not be discussed again in detail.
  • the laser system is replaced with an arc welding system, such as a GMAW system.
  • the GMAW system includes a power supply 213, a wire feeder 215 and a torch 212.
  • a welding electrode 211 is delivered to a molten puddle via the wire feeder 215 and the torch 212.
  • GMAW welding system of the type described herein is well known and need not be described in detail herein. It should be noted that although a GMAW system is shown and discussed regarding depicted exemplary embodiments, exemplary embodiments of the present invention can also be used with GTAW, FCAW, MCAW, and SAW systems, cladding systems, brazing systems, and combinations of these systems, etc., including those systems that use an arc to aid in the transfer of a consumable to a molten puddle on a workpiece. Not shown in Figure 2 is a shielding gas system or sub arc flux system which can be used in accordance with known methods.
  • the arc generation systems (that can be used as the high intensity energy source) are used to create the molten puddle to which the hot wire 140 is added using systems and embodiments as described in detail above.
  • an additional consumable 211 is also added to the puddle. This additional consumable adds to the already increased deposition performance provided by the hot wire process described herein. This performance will be discussed in more detail below.
  • arc generation systems such as GMAW use high levels of current to generate an arc between the advancing consumable and the molten puddle on the workpiece.
  • GTAW systems use high current levels to generate an arc between an electrode and the workpiece, into which a consumable is added.
  • many different current waveforms can be utilized for a GTAW or GMAW welding operation, such as constant current, pulse current, etc.
  • the current generated by the power supply 213 can interfere with the current generated by the power supply 170 which is used to heat the wire 140. Because the wire 140 is proximate to the arc generated by the power supply 213 (because they are each di- rected to the same molten puddle, similar to that described above) the respective currents can interfere with each other.
  • each of the currents generates a magnetic field and those fields can interfere with each other and adversely affect their operation.
  • the magnetic fields generated by the hot wire current can interfere with the stability of the arc generated by the power supply 213. That is, without proper control and synchro- nization between the respective currents the competing magnetic fields can destabilize the arc and thus destabilize the process. Therefore, exemplary embodiments utilize current synchronization between the power supplies 213 and 170 to ensure stable operation, which will be discussed further below.
  • magnetic fields induced by the respective currents can interfere with each other and thus embodiments of the present invention synchronize the respective currents. Synchronization can be achieved via various methods.
  • the sensing and current controller 195 can be used to control the operation of the power supplies 213 and 170 to synchronize the currents.
  • a master-slave relationship can also be utilized where one of the power supplies is used to control the output of the other.
  • the control of the relative currents can be accomplished by a number of methodologies including the use of state tables or algorithms that control the power supplies such that their output currents are synchronized for a stable operation. This will be discussed further below.
  • a dual-state based system and devices similar to that described in US Patent Publication No. 2010/0096373 can be utilized.
  • US Patent Publication No. 2010/0096373, published on April 22, 2010, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiments of a system 300 of the present invention. Like the system 200, the system 300 utilizes a combined hot-wire and arc welding process. The function and operation of the system 300 is similar to that of the system 200, and as such similar functionality will not be repeated.
  • the system 300 comprises a leading arc welding power supply 301 which leads the trailing hot wire 140.
  • the power supply 301 is shown as a GMAW type power supply, but embodiments are not limited to this as a GTAW type power supply can also be utilized.
  • the welding power supply 301 can be of any known construction.
  • a hot-wire power supply 310 (which can be the same as that shown in Figures 1 and 2) along with some of the components therein. As explained above, it may be desirable to synchronize the current waveforms output from each of the power supplies 301 and 310. As such a synchronization signal 303 can be utilized to ensure that the operation of the power supplies are synchronized, which will be further described below.
  • the hot-wire power supply 310 comprises an inverter power section 311 which re- ceives input power (which can be either AC or DC) and converts the input power to an output power that is used to heat the wire 140 so that it can be deposited into a puddle on the workpiece W.
  • the inverter power section 311 can be constructed as any known inverter type power supply which is used for welding, cutting or hot-wire power supplies.
  • the power supply also contains a preset heating voltage circuit 313 which utilizes input data related to the process to set a preset heating voltage for the output signal of the power supply 310 so that the wire 140 is maintained at a desired temperature so that it is properly deposited onto the workpiece W.
  • the preset heating voltage circuit 313 can utilize settings such as wire size, wire type and wire feed speed to set the preset heating voltage to be maintained during the process.
  • the output heating signal is maintained such that the average voltage of the output signal, over a predetermined duration of time or number of cycles, is maintained at the preset heating voltage level.
  • the preset heating voltage level is in the range of 2 to 9 volts.
  • the wire feed speed of the wire 140 can affect the optimal preset heating voltage level, such that when the wire feed speed is low (at or below 200 in/min) the preset heating voltage level is in the range of 2 to 4 volts, whereas if the wire feed speed is high (above 200 in/min) the preset heating voltage level is in the range of 5 to 9 volts. Further, in some exemplary embodiments, when the current is low (at or below 150 amps) the preset heating voltage level is in the range of 2 to 4 volts, whereas if the current is high (above 150 amps) the preset heating voltage level is in the range of 5 to 9 volts.
  • the power supply 310 maintains the average voltage between the wire 140 and the workpiece W at the preset heating voltage level for the given operation.
  • the preset heating voltage circuit 313 can set an average voltage range, where the average voltage is maintained within the preset range.
  • the power supply 310 provides a heating signal which heats the wire 140 as desired, but avoiding the creation of an arc.
  • average voltage is measured over a predetermined period of time, such that a running average is determined during the process.
  • the power supply utilizes a time averaging filter circuit 315 which senses the output voltage through the sense leads 317 and 319 and conducts the voltage averaging calculations described above. The determined average voltage is then compared to the preset heating voltage as shown in Figure 3.
  • the power supply 310 can use current and/or power preset thresholds to control the output signal of the power supply.
  • the opera- tion of such systems would be similar to the voltage based control described above.
  • the power supply 310 also contains an arc detect threshold circuit 321 which compares the detected output voltage - through the sense leads 319 and 317 - and compares the detected output voltage with an arc detection voltage level to determine an arcing event has, or will occur, between the wire 140 and the workpiece W. If the detected voltage exceeds the arc detection voltage level the circuit 321 outputs a signal to the inverter power section 311 (or a controller device) which causes the power section 311 to shut off the output power to distinguish or suppress the arc, or otherwise prevent its creation.
  • the arc detection voltage level is in the range of 10 to 20 volts. In other exemplary embodiments the arc detection voltage level is in the range of 12 to 19 volts.
  • the arc detection voltage level is determined based on the preset heating voltage level and/or the wire feed speed. For example, in some exemplary embodiments, the arc detection voltage level is in the range of 2 to 5 times the preset heating voltage level. In other exemplary embodiments, the anode and cathode volt- age level for any shielding gas being used can affect the preset heating voltage level. In some exemplary applications the arc detection voltage will be in the range of 7 to 10 volts, while in other embodiments it will be in the range of 14 to 19 volts. In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the arc detection voltage will be in the range of 5 to 8 volts higher than the preset heating voltage level.
  • the power supply 310 also includes a nominal pulsed waveform circuit 323 which generates the waveform to be used by the inverter power section 311 to output the desired heating waveform to the wire 140 and workpiece W.
  • the nominal pulsed waveform circuit 323 is coupled to the arc welding power supply 301 via the synchronization sig- nal 303 so that the output waveforms from each of the respective power supplies are synchronized as described herein.
  • the nominal pulsed waveform circuit 323 synchronizes its output signal with the arc welding power supply 301 and outputs a generated heating waveform to a mul- tiplier which also receives an error signal from the comparator 327 as shown.
  • the error signal allows for adjustment of the output command signal to the inverter power section 311 to maintain the desired average voltage as described above.
  • Figure 4 depicts an exemplary voltage and current waveforms for a hot wire process as described herein.
  • the current waveform 500 comprises a plurality of heating pulses 501 having a peak current level 503.
  • the peak current level can be in the range of 200 to 700 amps, and the peak current level 503 is chosen to provide the desired heating and melting of the wire 140 during the process.
  • the voltage waveform 400 shows a plurality of voltage pulses 401 having a peak voltage 403.
  • an Arc Event in which an arc is generated briefly between the wire 140 and the puddle.
  • the wire 140 loses contact with the puddle causing the voltage to spike to an arc level 405.
  • the hot-wire power supply detects that an arc event has occurred and turns off the current to extinguish or suppress the arc 507.
  • the arc exists for a time within the range of 350 to 1000 microseconds. In other exemplary embodiments, the arc exists for a time within the range of 500 to 800 microseconds.
  • the power supply can use various control methodology to detect an arcing event.
  • the power supply sets a threshold value such that when the threshold value is exceeded the power supply determines that an arc event has occurred.
  • the arc detection voltage level is in the range of 10 to 20 volts. In other exemplary embodiments the arc detection voltage level is in the range of 12 to 19 volts. In further exemplary embodiments, the arc detection voltage level is determined based on the preset heating voltage level and/or the wire feed speed.
  • the wire 140 is no longer in contact with the puddle and gap exists between the wire 140 and the puddle.
  • the power supply turns off the heating current (507) the power supply then provides an open circuit voltage (OCV) 407 having a peak level 409 to the wire 140 so that the power supply is capable of detecting contact between the wire 140 and the puddle again - because the wire 140 is still being fed by the wire feeder at the puddle.
  • OCV open circuit voltage
  • the OCV is in the range of 10 to 25 volts. In other exemplary embodiments, the OCV is in the range of 17 to 22 volts.
  • the selected OCV for the operation can be based on a number of parameters, including but not limited to the wire type and wire diameter.
  • the power supply detects the contact (using any known contact sensing control methodology) and turns off the OCV and starts to provide a heating current to the wire 140.
  • the current can peak at an after contact peak level 509 and is then maintained at a lead-in current 511 level.
  • the lead-in current 509 is a relatively low current level (compared to the pulse peak levels) and is used to allow the wire 140 to reenter the puddle for a predetermined distance and to allow for pulse synchronization (discussed further below).
  • the lead in current is maintained for a duration TLI (which will also be explained further below).
  • the lead in current is set by the power supply and is a current level selected based on a number of factors, including any one, or all of: wire feed speed, wire type, wire diameter, hot-wire pulsing frequency, and hot-wire pulse peak 503 current levels, and can be about 1/10 of the peak cur- rent level.
  • the lead-in current 511 is low compared to the peak 503 levels.
  • the pulse peak current to lead in current ratio is in the range of 10:1 to 5:1.
  • the lead in current is in the range of 25 to 100 amps, and in other embodiments is in the range of 40 to 80 amps.
  • the lead-in can be set by using a power level, as opposed to setting using a current level.
  • the lead-in power level can be in the range of 100 to 1500 watts.
  • the lead in current 509 has a current level which is less than the average current level of the hot wire portion of the waveform - for example, as shown in Figure 4 less than the average current for the heating pulses 501 ' between arc events.
  • the peak and average current of the lead in current 509 is less than the average current for the waveform 500 and the average current of the hot wire current pulses 501' between arc events.
  • the lead-in current is maintained for a duration TLI which allows the wire 140 to repenetrate the puddle to a desired depth.
  • the TLI is determined based on at least the wire feed speed of the wire 140.
  • lead in duration TLI is in the range of 5 to 20 milliseconds
  • the off time 507 is in the range of 1 to 7 milliseconds.
  • the combined time for the off time 507 and the TLI is in the range of 6 to 20 milliseconds.
  • the hot-wire process is coupled with an arc welding process, such as GMAW, operating in the same puddle.
  • the lead-in duration TLI is a duration based on the wire feed speed of the wire 140 and based on the initiation of a current pulse from an arc welding process working with the hot-wire process.
  • the hot-wire power supply initiates the first pulse 501 ' after the duration TLI only after (1) the expiration of a determined lead-in delay to allow the wire 140 to properly penetrate the puddle, and (2) to coincide with the initiation of the next arc welding pulse in the arc welding waveform.
  • the lead-in duration TLI is a combination of the penetration duration Tp and the synchronization duration Ts.
  • the penetration duration Tp is determined by the hot-wire power supply, based on at least the wire feed speed of the wire 140, to ensure proper penetration of the wire 140 into the puddle and the synchronization duration Ts is the time between the expiration of the penetration duration Tp and the initiation of the next arc welding pulse 601'. That is, typically the maximum duration of the lead-in duration TLI (or lead-in period) will be the penetration duration Tp (or penetration period) and the duration of a background portion 603 of the arc welding waveform. This ensures that the wire 140 is fully penetrated into the puddle and that the two respective waveforms will be synchronized.
  • the hot-wire power supply will determine a penetration duration Tp and hold the lead in current 5 1 at the lead in current level for that duration Tp, and after the expiration of the penetration period Tp the hot wire power supply waits for a pulse initiation signal from a controller or the arc welding power supply. Based on that initiation or synchronization signal, the hot-wire power supply initiates the first pulse 501' following the lead in current 511 to coincide with the next pulse 601 ' in the arc welding process.
  • Figure 5 shows the two respective waveforms 500/600 having no phase shift, such that the respective pulses 501 ' and 601' will be initiated at the same time.
  • other exemplary embodiments can utilize a phase shift between the current waveforms 500 and 600 such that the pulses of the respective waveforms are synchronized but phase shifted with respect to each other.
  • the lead in duration TLI will be of such a length to ensure that the pulses 501 ' and 601' are initiated at the appropriate times relative to each other, with the appropriate phase shift and after the expiration of the penetration duration.
  • the wire is allowed to penetrate the puddle by a distance which is about the same as the diameter of the wire.
  • the arc events are used to input additional heat in the process.
  • the hot-wire power supply 170 is controlled such that the arcing events occur at a frequency in the range of 1 to 20 Hz. In other exemplary embodi- ments, the arcing events occur at a frequency in the range of 1 to 10Hz.
  • the frequency of the arcing events can be adjusted to change the heat input during the process.
  • Figure 4 also shows a plurality n of current and voltage pulses in between arcing events. As shown, the current pulses 501/501 ' have a relative constant peak current level 503. That is the peak current levels of these pulses are about the same, but can differ due to the realities of the welding operation and may not be exactly the same for each pulse.
  • the corresponding voltage pulses have a generally increasing peak voltage 403 from a first voltage pulse 401' (after an arcing event) to the last complete voltage pulse 401 " (after an arcing event). It has been discovered that, in some exemplary embodiments, it is desirable to allow the peak voltage level for pulses 401' to 401" to increase gradually between arcing events. Typically, this voltage increase occurs - at least in part - due to increasing heat in the wire 140 and in the process, which affects the overall resis- tance of the wire 140 and thus causes the voltage to generally rise from a first peak voltage level to a second, higher, peak voltage level over the plurality of voltage pulses between arcing events.
  • Figure 4 depicts the peak voltage level for the pulses 401' through 401" increasing from pulse-to-pulse (which is applicable for some embodiments), some exemplary embodiments are not limited to this. That is, in some ex- emplary embodiments, although there is a general increase in voltage over the pulses (as shown by slope 413), not every following pulse will be higher in peak voltage than its preceding pulse. In some embodiments, following pulse can have the same, or even slightly lower peak voltage than its immediately preceding pulse. However, the last pulse 401" will have a higher peak voltage than the first pulse 401'. Further, although the embodiment shown shows a generally linear increase in peak voltage (slope 413), other embodiments are not limited to a linear voltage increase.
  • the difference in peak voltage from the first voltage pulse 401' to the last voltage pulse 401" is in the range of 2 to 8 volts. In other exemplary embodiments, the difference is in the range of 3 to 6 volts. Further, in exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the number of voltage pulses 401 -401" between arcing events is in the range of 8 to 22. In other exemplary embodiments, the number of voltage pulses are in the range of 12 to 18 in between arcing events.
  • FIG. 6 another current waveform 600 is depicted.
  • this waveform 600 depicts a beginning portion of a hot wire welding process.
  • the consumable is deposited into a puddle without an arc, while a heating current is provided to the consumable which causes the consumable to melt in the puddle.
  • a molten puddle is needed before the hot wire process can begin.
  • the puddle can be created by a laser, arc from another process or some other heat source.
  • the puddle is created using the hot wire consumable with a short pulse welding routine at the beginning of the process to establish the process.
  • the hot wire process can proceed.
  • the hot wire can proceed as described herein with respect to Figure 4, described above.
  • the waveform 600 has a start routine portion SR and a hot wire portion HWR.
  • the start routine portion SR can be initiated like any known arc welding operation.
  • the start routine portion SR can begin like known GMAW type welding processes to initiate the arc between the consumable and the workpiece.
  • a brief pulse welding process begins having a plurality of current pulses 601 , where the pulses have a peak current level 605 and a background level 603 between the pulses 601. This is similar to known GMAW type pulse welding processes.
  • This pulse welding process is used to create the puddle on the workpiece and is maintained for a set duration to ensure that the puddle is sufficiently created.
  • the waveform 600 is changed from the arc welding start process SR to the hot wire portion HWR.
  • the current is reduced or turned off (610) to extin- guish the arc between the consumable and the puddle.
  • the consumable is then advanced such that it makes contact with the puddle and the hot wire routine HWR is then initiated.
  • the hot wire routine has a plurality of heating pulses 611 , with a peak level 611 and a back- ground level 613 - which can be 0 amps in some embodiments. It is noted that the transition between the start routine portion SR and the hot wire portion HWR can be as explained above with respect to Figure 4.
  • the start routine portion is relatively short.
  • the duration of the start routine is in the range of 0.01 to 5 seconds in length, where the beginning of the duration is the time when the arc is initiated and the end of the duration is when the arc is extinguished (e.g. at 610).
  • the start routine is in the range of 0.01 to 1 second.
  • the duration of the start routine is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 seconds.
  • the power supply will transition to the hot wire routine HWR only from the background portion 603 of the start routine SR.
  • the power supply does not simply extinguish the arc at that point but waits until the pulse 601 is completed and the welding current reaches the background portion 603 before transitioning.
  • the wire feed speed of the consumable during the start routine can be slower than the wire feed speed during the hot wire portion of the welding process.
  • the start routine can use known arc welding processes such as short arc, STT, wire retract or other low heat input arc welding processes during the start routine. In such embodiments, excessive heat input will be avoided during start up.
  • the power supply uses a predetermined number of arc pulses 601 for the start routine SR and extinguishes the arc after the predetermined number of pulses is reached.
  • the number of pulses for the start routine is n pulse such that when n pulses is reached the power supply transitions to the hot wire routine HWR.
  • the number of pulses n can be in the range of 1 to 1000 pulses. In other exemplary embodiments, the number of pulses n is in the range of 5 to 250 pulses, and in further embodiments the number of pulses can be in the range of 5 to 100 pulses.
  • the power supply can use a combination of the time dura- tion and number of pulses to determine the length of the start routine SR. That is, in such embodiments, the power supply uses both a set time duration and a number n of pulses, where the transition to the hot wire routine HWR does not occur until each of the duration and number of pulses has been reached, regardless of which one is reach first.
  • the duration and/or the number of pulses in the start routine portion SR is predetermined by the power supply controller based on user input information, which can include: wire feed speed, consumable size, consumable type, weld metal type, etc.
  • the duration and/or number of pulses of the start routine can be used.
  • the type of welding/joining application can affect the parameters of the start routine, or the desired size of the puddle.
  • the puddle size may be different for high speed-thin plate processes (generally smaller puddle), heavy fabrication processes (large puddle), or cladding processes (very large puddle).
  • the power supply controller uses a look up table, state table, or the like to set the duration and/or number of pulses for the start routine SR to be used.
  • the duration and/or number of pulses are to be selected to ensure a desired puddle size, depth and/or temperature is reached before the hot wire routine is initiated.
  • a system can be used to monitor the heat of the puddle and/or workpiece and/or monitor the size/shape of the puddle
  • the transition from the start routine SR to the hot wire routine HWR can be performed as described relative to Figures 4 and 5.
  • the transition can occur during a short circuit condition created during the start routine.
  • the controller of the power supply can cause the transition to hot wire during a short circuit condition. This can be done when the start routine SR is using a start routine such as STT, short circuit welding or short arc welding, for example.
  • the controller monitors the duration of the start routine SR and when the desired duration and/or number of pulses has beeri completed the power supply transitions to hot wire at the next following short circuit event.
  • the start routine can use a pulse welding opera- tion, as shown in Figure 6. However, after a predetermined duration/number of pulses the current of the pulses 601 are decreased to shorten the arc length until a short circuit event occurs. When the short occurs the transition to the hot wire process occurs. By using a short circuit event there is no need to suppress the arc artificially for the transition.
  • the duration of the start routine SR can be determined by monitoring the heat input during the start routine SR.
  • the controller/power supply will use the user input data described above to determine a desired/predetermined amount of heat input needed for the start routine SR. That is, the con- trailer of the power supply can set a predetermined amount of heat input, and when that heat input threshold is reached the power supply can transition from the arc routine to the hot wire routine as described herein.
  • the heat input threshold can be in the range of 0.01 to 10 Kj. In further exemplary embodiments, the heat input threshold can be in the range of 0.01 to 1 Kj.
  • Figure 7 depicts an additional embodiment of a system 700 having a hot wire power supply 310 as described with respect to Figure 3.
  • the power supply 310 is coupled to a controller 710 (which can be internal to the power supply) which is coupled to a sensor device 701 which monitors the process.
  • the sensor device 701 can be any type of sensor device that monitors the desired parameter of the puddle/workpiece.
  • the sensor device can be a thermal sensor which monitors the temperature of the puddle and/or workpiece and the feedback from the sensor device is used by the power supply 310 to control the start of the hot wire process and/or the hot wire process itself.
  • an arcing frequency can be coupled with the hot wire process to control the heat into the workpiece/puddle.
  • the feedback from the sensor 710 is used by the power supply to determine the appropriate arcing frequency for the hot wire current output from the power supply 310.
  • the sensor 701 can be an optical sensor which monitors the creation and size of the puddle on the workpiece and the controller 710 uses the feedback from this sensor to control the output and/or arcing frequency of the hot wire waveform.
  • Other sensors can be used, or a combination of sensors can be used to aid in controlling the power supply 310.
  • FIGS 8A and 8B depict additional exemplary waveforms that can be used with exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
  • the current wave- forms 800 and 800' are similar to the waveform discussed in Figure 4.
  • the waveforms 800 and 800' are combination hot wire and arcing waveforms.
  • Such embodiments can be used to further control the heat input into a workpiece and/or optimize welding parameters and speed as desired.
  • Such embodiments can be used on coated workpieces, such as galvanized workpieces, and achieve desirable performance without the porosity that typically comes with arc welding coated materials.
  • FIG. 8A depicts a current waveform 800 having an arc welding portion 801 and a hot wire portion.
  • the arc welding portion 801 can be any known pulse welding process, such as GMAW type pulse welding processes.
  • the arc welding portion 801 comprises a plurality of pulses 802 separated by a background current. Because GMAW type pulse welding waveforms are known, they need not be discussed in detail herein.
  • the arc welding portion is ended at point 804 where the current is reduced or turned off such that the arc is extin- guished and the waveform 800 transitions to a hot wire phase 820.
  • transition portion between the arc welding phase and the hot wire phase can be as described relative to the waveform in Figure 4, using a lead in current, etc.
  • the current is set very low or turned off during a time 805 as the consumable is being advanced toward the puddle (this is because the wire is not in contact with the puddle due to the arc welding operation as explained previously).
  • an OCV can be applied to the consumable to detect contact with the puddle.
  • a heating current is applied (at point 807) to a lead in level 809 (which can be a lead in current level) and is maintained for a lead in time (as described previously).
  • the power supply uses an arc suppression control scheme during the hot wire portion 820 to ensure that no arc is created between the consumable and the workpiece, but the consumable is properly deposited into the puddle.
  • the hot wire current is shown as a constant current at a level 8 0.
  • the heating current level 810 is maintained at a desired melting level.
  • the hot wire portion 820 of the waveform in Figure 8A (and Figures 8B and 9) can be replaced with a pulsed hot wire waveform, similar to that shown in Figure 4. That is, in such embodi- merits, an arc welding portion 810 can be coupled with either a constant current or pulsed hot wire waveform for the hot wire portion 820. After a period of time, the hot wire portion 820 is stopped and transitions back to an arc welding portion 810 to perform the arc welding operation.
  • the hot wire current drops to a reduced level, which can be 0 amps for a period of time 811 and then the arc welding current is initiated to a level 813 and then the arc welding pulses 802 begin again.
  • a reduced level which can be 0 amps for a period of time 811 and then the arc welding current is initiated to a level 813 and then the arc welding pulses 802 begin again.
  • any known arc welding operation can be initiated, such as pulse welding, STT type welding, short arc welding, etc.
  • the arc welding operation which is initiated after a hot wire portion 820 of the waveform need not be the same as the arc welding operation used prior to hot wire portion.
  • a pulse welding arc welding waveform can be used preceding a hot wire portion of a waveform and following the hot wire portion 820 an STT type waveform can be used.
  • the transition from the hot wire welding portion 820 to the arc welding portion 810 can be performed via known arc welding initiation procedures.
  • the wire feeder can slow down or withdraw the consumable so as to create a gap between the consumable and the puddle prior to arc initiation.
  • a transition routine can be initiated by the power supply to pinch off an end of the consumable and then initiate the arc.
  • an STT, short arc or wire retract process can be used for the arc phase and the transition to hot wire is only during a short circuit condition.
  • embodiments of the present invention allow for enhanced control of heat input into a weld process, and can improve the welding performance of certain welding operations.
  • exemplary embodiments of the present invention can use a system similar to that shown in Figure 7, in which a work piece temperature is monitor, and based on the detected temperature the controller 7 0 controls the waveform 800 to use the desired transfer process. That is, the controller 710 can control the ratio of arc welding to hot wire welding to control the heat input into the weld. For example, if it is determined that additional heat is needed, the control can increase the ratio of arc welding to hot wire welding in the welding waveform.
  • a ratio of the hot wire process to arc welding process is optimized to obtain a desired heat input and deposition rate.
  • the ratio of hot wire process to arc welding process is in the range of 50/50 to 0/100, where the ratio uses process duration.
  • a 50/50 ratio means that 50% of the welding time is in hot wire mode, while the other 50% time is in arc welding mode. It should be noted that a ratio should be selected to ensure proper puddle formation and to ensure that proper melting of the consumable during the hot wire phase is achieved.
  • the ratio can be adjusted over a given period of time to obtain the desired heat input, or based on heat input feedback. It is recognized that the time the current waveform is in transition mode may not be necessarily characterized as either arc welding or hot wire, thus in such embodiments the duration of the arc welding process is determined as the duration that an arc exists, as compared to hot wire process duration - when no arc exists.
  • Other exemplary embodiments can use other ratio relationships between the hot wire portion and arc welding portion of the process without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. For example, in other exemplary embodiments, a ratio of pulse counts can be used, where the ratio represents the number of hot wire pulses to arc welding pulses.
  • the ratio of pulse counts for each respective portion are maintained, but the frequency of the respective pulses are adjusted.
  • the overall durations of each respective process is adjusted because of the respective pulse frequency changes.
  • the frequency of the arc welding pulses 802 can be adjusted (e.g., increased), while the duration of the hot wire phase 820 can be maintained, such that the overall frequency or occurrence of the hot wire phase 820 will occur more frequently - the arc welding portion 801 will be shorter in duration.
  • Other control methodologies can also be used.
  • the controller 710 uses the integral of the power of the waveform 800 to determine the overall heat input into the weld, and based on the determined heat input the controller 710 controls the arc to hotwire ration of the waveform 800.
  • the controller 710 uses user input information to determine a desired heat input for the operation and maintains this de- sired heat input. For example, in some embodiments, the controller 710 determines a desired running average heat and/or power input for a given operation and controls the power supply to provide that running average.
  • the running average for heat and/or power input can be a user input or user setting, but also can be determined by the controller based on user input data.
  • the user can input any one or a combination of, workpiece material, consumable information, wire feed speed, workpiece thickness, weld size, weld position, application type (cladding, high travel speed joining, heavy deposition joining, etc.), gap size, and any build up parameters or requirements.
  • the controller 710 determines a heat and/or power input threshold, which can be a running average threshold, and controls the power supply to output a waveform 800 which achieves the de- sired set output heat and/or power.
  • the controller 710 can also monitor the actual heat (via the sensor 701 , etc.) and/or calculate the actual power and heat provided and adjust the waveform 800 as needed to maintained the desired heat and/or power output.
  • the controller 710 can use many different control methodologies. For example, in some exemplary embodiments the controller 710 can use a desired running average for the heat and/or power input over a set duration or distance and adjust the waveform 800 to maintain that desired running average. In such embodiments a joules/sec or joules/in ratio can be used for the control, where the predetermined running average is set based on user input information.
  • an offset ratio of arc process joules to hot wire process joules can be used for system control.
  • the system controller can determine a desired or predetermined heat input ratio can be determined and the process is controlled to achieve the desired ratio over a given time, or over a running average.
  • the determined arc process joules to hot wire process joules ratio is in the range of 2.5:1 to 10:1. In other exemplary embodiments the ratio is in the range of 3:1 to 7:1.
  • Figure 8B depicts another exemplary embodiment of a waveform 800' which is similar to the waveform 800 in Figure 8A.
  • the hot wire portion 820' of the waveform 800' has a negative polarity, and thus the overall waveform 800' is an AC type waveform.
  • the constant use of the same current polarity can magnetize a workpiece and/or the workpiece fixtures. This can be undesirable for a number of reasons.
  • the buildup of magnetics can be mitigated and minimized.
  • the waveform 800' is generated and controlled in a similar fashion to that discussed above regarding Figure 8A, but as shown the hot wire portion has a negative polarity.
  • the power supply can use a combination of both of the waveforms shown in Figure 8A and 8B. That is, the hot wire portion of a current waveform can alternate between a positive and negative polarity and need not have the same polarity for the entire welding process.
  • AC current has a degaussing effect to the fixture and the frequency of the AC is related to this effect.
  • the polarity is changed to optimize the degaussing effect. In some embodiments, consecutive pulses alternate in polarity.
  • the welding proc- ess can use a plurality of consecutive hot wire portions having a first polarity (e.g., positive) followed by a single (or a plurality of) hot wire portion having a second polarity (e.g., negative).
  • the controller/power supply can adjust the polarity of the hot wire portions as needed to achieve the desired performance, while preventing the buildup of magnetic forces in the workpiece/fixtures.
  • the polarity change for the hot wire portions can also be changed for the arc welding portions 810 of the waveforms 800/800'. That is, embodiments of the present invention can also employ AC arc welding processes for the arc welding portions 810.
  • other embodiments can employ negative polarity arc welding, while using positive polarity hot wire welding - the opposite of what is shown in Figure 8B.
  • the controller 710 can be coupled to a magnetic sensor which detects the buildup of magnetic fields in the workpiece and/or a fixture holding the workpiece. Based on feedback from this magnetic sensor the controller 710 can control , the power supply to adjust the polarity of the hot wire portions 820/820' to mitigate or control the buildup any undesirable magnetic forces.
  • Figure 9 depicts another exemplary embodiment of a waveform 900 which is similar to the waveform 800 shown in Figure 8A.
  • the power supply transitions quickly from the hot wire portion 820 to the arc welding portion 810 of the wave- form.
  • the hot wire current is reduced to a transition level 901 which is less than the peak of the hot wire current (810) or the peak of the arc welding pulses 802, but higher than the background current 803.
  • the power supply switches from an arc suppression mode of operation to a traditional arc generation mode of operation and an arc is immediately created.
  • Such embodiments can be employed when using high wire feed speeds to prevent the consumable from bottoming out in the puddle while transitioning from the hot wire process to the arc welding process.
  • the transition level is in the range of 100 to 250 amps.
  • the transition can use a ramped current to minimize the chance of an explosion or spatter event during the creation of the arc.
  • Other embodiments could also retract or slow the wire during transition.
  • an STT control approach can be used where a premonition circuit is used to reduce the current just prior to the creation of the arc.
  • other embodiments can use a peak current independent of the process current to establish a gap between the puddle and the consumable just after the arc is created.
  • other exemplary embodiments can utilize an extended background current when transition from the arc welding process to the hot wire process. The extended background would encourage a short circuit event and when the short occurs the transition to hot wire can be initiated.
  • transition waveforms and control methodolo- gies can be used to change from the hot wire portion 820 to an arc welding portion 810 of the waveforms 800/8007900.
  • the wire feed speed of the consumable can also be adjusted during the process to optimize the process.
  • the wire feed speed during the arc welding phase can be slower than that during the hot wire process.
  • the wire feed speed will be slowed during the transition from hot wire to arc welding, and then sped up when transitioning back to the hot wire process.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide enhanced heat control, they can be used to optimize welding operations.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be used to weld joints such as butt joints and T joints without the need for backing, especially on relatively thin workpieces.
  • Figure 10A depicts a butt joint where the backside BS of the weld is not using a backer plate to support the weld. Because embodiments of the present invention have enhanced heat control, this weld can be completed without a backer and without the weld puddle blowing through the backside BS of the weld.
  • the arc welding process can be used to add heat to the weld and provide the desired penetration, then the hot wire portion of the welding process can be used to add material without over heating (or even cooling) the process so that the puddle will not come through the backside of the joint. This greatly enhances the productivity of welding operations.
  • a sensor 701 (for example, a thermal sensor) can be positioned so as to monitor the backside BS of a weld joint and feedback from the sensor 701 is used to control the output of the power supply 310 so as to achieve the de- sired heat input and deposition. That is, the feedback from the sensor 701 can be used to control the ratio of hot wire process to arc welding process which is output from the power supply. For example, if an undesirable temperature increase is detected on the backside BS of the weld, the power supply will switch to hot wire so as to cool the process and prevent the puddle from penetrating the backside of the weld.
  • embodiments of the pre- sent invention can be used to weld a T joint like that shown in Figure 10B without the use of a backing.
  • embodiments of the present invention are not limited to just these types of joints but can be used on many different joint types.
  • embodiments of the present invention also provide for improved welding on coated workpieces, such as galvanized. It is generally known that traditional welding of galvanized materials requires the removal of the coating prior to welding and/or welding very slowly so as to prevent the weld joint from becoming too porous. However, embodiments of the present invention can be used to join coated/galvanized workpieces without these drawbacks. That is, by using a combination of arc welding and hot wire welding with the same consumable a weld joint can be created at an improved rate while minimizing porosity in the joint.
  • the arc welding process can be used to penetrate the workpiece and vaporize the coating, while the hot wire process can keep the overall heat input low and prevent the vaporization of any coating (e.g., zinc) in the heat affected zone of the weld.
  • the ratio of arc welding duration to hot wire duration is in the range of 70/30 to 40/60 when welding coated workpieces. In further embodiments, the ratio is in the range of 60/40 to 45/55.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be used to achieve improved performance over known welding methodologies when welding coating materials.
  • control subsystem 600 current waveform system 601 pulse

Abstract

La présente invention porte, dans des modes de réalisation, sur des systèmes et sur des procédés permettant de déposer un produit consommable sur une pièce à travailler à l'aide d'une technique de soudage à fil chaud qui utilise une combinaison d'un fil chaud et du soudage à l'arc. La forme d'onde crée des événements d'arc pendant l'opération de soudage à fil chaud pour ajouter de la chaleur/réguler la chaleur au cours du procédé de soudage. Le procédé de soudage à fil chaud peut être utilisé seul, avec un laser ou conjointement avec d'autres procédés de soudage. Ledit procédé consiste à générer et fournir un courant de dépôt sur un produit consommable; à faire avancer le produit consommable vers une pièce à usiner pour déposer ledit produit consommable sur ladite pièce à usiner à l'aide du courant de dépôt; ladite génération du courant de dépôt comprenant la génération d'une partie de début de dépôt qui commence ledit dépôt du produit consommable sur ladite pièce à usiner, ladite partie de début générant un arc entre le produit consommable et la pièce à usiner pour déposer ledit produit consommable sur ladite pièce à usiner; à déterminer un seuil prédéfini et à arrêter ladite partie de début après ledit seuil prédéfini; à générer une partie de transition du courant de dépôt après que ladite partie de début est arrêtée; et à générer une partie de fil chaud après ladite partie de transition.
PCT/IB2015/000227 2014-02-24 2015-02-24 Procédé et système permettant d'utiliser une combinaison d'une alimentation en fil d'apport et d'une source d'énergie à haute intensité pour souder avec une fréquence de formation d'arc régulée WO2015125008A1 (fr)

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US61/943,633 2014-02-24
US14/561,820 2014-12-05
US14/561,820 US20150090703A1 (en) 2009-01-13 2014-12-05 Method and system to use combination filler wire feed and high intensity energy source for welding with controlled arcing frequency

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