WO2015115942A1 - Procédé de traitement de produits combustibles contenant du carbone et/ou des hydrocarbures et réacteur pour sa mise en œuvre - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement de produits combustibles contenant du carbone et/ou des hydrocarbures et réacteur pour sa mise en œuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015115942A1
WO2015115942A1 PCT/RU2015/000052 RU2015000052W WO2015115942A1 WO 2015115942 A1 WO2015115942 A1 WO 2015115942A1 RU 2015000052 W RU2015000052 W RU 2015000052W WO 2015115942 A1 WO2015115942 A1 WO 2015115942A1
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Prior art keywords
reactor
pyrolysis
oxygen
zone
processing
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PCT/RU2015/000052
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Максим Викторович АНИГУРКИН
Алексей Алексеевич ВАЖНЕНКОВ
Евгений Трофимович ГОПОНЕНКО
Алексей Васильевич ЕРУСЛАНОВ
Игорь Васильевич РАССОХИН
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Закрытое Акционерное Общество Научно-Производственная Компания "Интергаз"
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Priority to US14/784,101 priority Critical patent/US20160046868A1/en
Publication of WO2015115942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015115942A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B31/00—Charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/304—Burning pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/60—Combustion in a catalytic combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50002—Burning with downwards directed draft through the waste mass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of industrial processing of combustible carbon- and hydrocarbon-containing products and can be used, in particular, for the processing of various industrial and household wastes, including solid fuels such as sawdust, coal chips, fines and dust, waste brewing industry such as beer pellets, as well as for the processing of low-quality combustible minerals, such as, for example, brown coals, oil shale and the like.
  • a known method of pyrolysis and gasification of solid organic substances or mixtures of organic substances comprising introducing raw materials into one or more drying and pyrolysis reactors, consisting of one or more reactors with a moving bed or from one or more rotating reactors or from one or more working reactors and reactors with a moving bed, for contact with the material of the fluidized bed of combustion, resulting in the formation of water vapor and pyrolysis products consisting of gases with condensable substances and solid carbonaceous residue; supplying solid carbon residues or solid carbon residues and part of the water vapor and pyrolysis gas with condensable substances and the fluidized bed material back into the fluidized bed of combustion in which the carbon residue of organic substances is burned, the fluidized bed material is heated and again sent to a pyrolysis reactor, in which pyrolysis residues, which act as a stationary fluidized bed, are burned, and water after drying and pyrolysis gases with condensable substances are treated in an additional reaction zone of an indirect heat exchanger with the addition of steam,
  • the process is designed in such a way as to exclude the zone principle of waste processing in one unit due to the blurring (uncertainty) of the boundaries of the zones. Therefore, to produce gas with high calorific value and at high temperatures (500–900 ° C), instead of one apparatus (reactor), several are proposed:
  • the devices in the gas phase are tied with oncoming flows. This can cause difficulties in their operation, as it is necessary to observe the equality of material flows and fluidization rates in each apparatus. Instrumentation operating under the specified conditions should be specifically designed for this process.
  • a known method of processing coal to produce heat-treated solid fuel and heat energy including thermo-oxidative treatment of crushed coal up to 10 mm in a fluidized bed, AT THIS processing is carried out by simultaneous thermal-oxidative treatment of coal at a temperature of 700-950 ° C due to partial oxidation of coal air and separation of the mineral part of coal, heavier than coal, with a decrease in the ash content of the obtained heat-treated solid fuel, and crushed coal is used as the feedstock b, wherein the blast air fed to the fluidized bed in the amounts of the 2500-4200 m 3 / (m 2 xq) [Disclosure of the invention to the RF Patent NQ 2401295 of 26.08.2009, IPC C 10 B 49/10, publ. 10.10.2010]. As a result, the efficiency is increased and coal processing is simplified by eliminating the stage of preliminary enrichment of the initial raw coal.
  • preliminary preparation of coal is necessary so that its dimensions do not exceed the established size of 10 mm. This requires special equipment and as a result of processing non-recyclable waste can be obtained in the form of coal dust and crumbs.
  • the gas mainly consists of CO2, H2O and N2 and cannot be an energy fuel, because has almost zero calorific value.
  • coal particles in a mixture with primary and secondary air can form explosive mixtures.
  • the disadvantage of this method is still the high energy capacity of the process due to the high cost of introduced hydrogen, the need to use a large amount of recyclable material to support the combustion process, which in the case of waste such as wood dramatically reduces the profitability of their processing, not - sufficiently broad technological capabilities in terms of managing the chemical composition and increasing the yield of products ready for further use, as well as unrealized opportunities for improving their quality.
  • a device comprising a pyrolysis shaft or rotary reactor, a fluidized bed of combustion for a pyrolysis residue, a reaction zone for pyrolysis gases, wherein a fluidized bed material is circulated between the fluidized bed of combustion and the pyrolysis reactor, while the reactor having a gas-tight feed device applied material and an inlet for supplying fluidized material W
  • the present device has the disadvantages of the method for which it is intended to be implemented.
  • a reactor for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products including a sealed working chamber with working zones arranged in a technological sequence: unloading solid processing residues with an unloading window, supplying air and water vapor through appropriate channels, heating the air and water vapor, combustion, coking and pyrolysis, heating of the processed products, selection of a gas-vapor mixture with at least one selection channel, and a loading zone of processed products with a gateway, Moreover, each zone is equipped with at least one temperature sensor, and the zones of heating of air and water vapor, and the selection of the gas-vapor mixture are equipped with pressure sensors, while the working chamber contains a zone for synthesis and hydrogenation of hydrocarbons equipped with additional temperature sensors, which is not located - directly behind the coking and pyrolysis zone [See Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2385343].
  • the present reactor also has the disadvantages of the method for which it is intended.
  • the problem solved by the present inventions and the technical result achieved is to expand the technological capabilities of the process of processing combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products, which will result in more complete utilization of the processed products, including their fine fractions, an increase in the calorific value of combined cycle gas mixtures, additional heat supply to the zone of grief- the simplification of the process of supplying water to the reaction zone, bypassing the stage of preparation of superheated steam.
  • the energy capacity of the process is supported by cheaper, previously practically non-recyclable waste, it becomes possible to control the chemical composition and increase the yield of products ready for further use, and also achieve their highest possible quality with this method of processing.
  • a method for processing combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products including the preparation of the mixture from the processed products and their sequential layer-by-layer processing in the reactor in the presence of the catalyst included in the nozzle, with the movement of the mixture and nozzles from top to bottom and when an oxygen-containing agent and water vapor are fed into the reactor from bottom to top, and including the stages of heating the mixture, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, combustion, formation of a solid residue, which is discharged from the reactor working space, formation of a gas-vapor mixture, cooling of the gas-vapor mixture and its removal from the reactor working space, while forming a vacuum inside the reactor working space, and when the oxygen-containing agent is fed into the reactor from the bottom up, wet small particles of solid fuel wastes with their transfer to the fluidized state, while an additional amount of an oxygen-containing agent is introduced into the reactor as part of the main the outflow required for the subsequent combustion of small particles of solid fuel wastes that have
  • a reactor for the processing of combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products including a sealed working chamber with working zones arranged in a technological sequence: unloading solid processing residues with an unloading window, supplying an oxygen-containing agent, heating an oxygen-containing agent, burning, coking and pyrolysis, heating of the processed products, selection of a gas-vapor mixture with at least one sampling channel, and a loading zone of processed products with a gateway, the working chamber contains a root zone and wet small particles of solid fuel waste and their pyrolysis and coking, combined with zones for supplying and heating an oxygen-containing agent, while the channel for its supply is connected to a hopper-dispenser of wet small particles of solid fuel waste with the possibility of formation of them in the corresponding zone inside the fluidized bed reactor.
  • the dosing device for wet small particles of solid fuel waste from the hopper is screw-shaped, while the hopper is equipped with a water dispenser connected to nozzles installed in the upper part of the hopper and includes a level gauge and a humidity sensor;
  • the zone for unloading solid processing residues is made in the form of a gateway with two gates.
  • the invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a reactor for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products that implements the corresponding method.
  • a method for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products is implemented in the corresponding reactor (lining and instrumentation are not shown conventionally), which includes a sealed working chamber (housing) 1 with working areas located in the technological sequence: unloading solid residues processing - 2 with a discharge window 3, supply (supply) of an oxygen-containing agent (and water) - 4, heating an oxygen-containing agent (and water) - 5, combustion - 6, coking - 7 and pyrolysis - 8, heating of processed products - 9, from - bora steam gas new mixture - 10 s, at least one selection channel - 1 1, and the loading zone of the processed products - 12 with the gateway 13, while the working chamber 1 contains a zone for supplying wet small particles of solid fuel waste and their pyrolysis and coking - 14, combined with zones for supplying (supplying) an oxygen-containing agent (and water) - 4 and heating - 5, while the channel 15 of its supply is connected to the hopper-dispenser of wet small particles of solid fuel
  • the dispenser 16 'of wet small particles of solid fuel waste of the hopper 16 is made screw, while the hopper 16 is equipped with a water dispenser 17 connected to the nozzles 18 installed in the upper part of the hopper 16, and includes a level gauge 19 and a humidity sensor 20, and the discharge zone of solid processing residues - 2 is made in the form of a gateway 21 with two gates 22.
  • a method for processing combustible carbon and / or hydrocarbon-containing products involves the preparation of a charge from the processed products and their sequential layer-by-layer processing in the reactor in the presence of a catalyst that is part of the nozzle, when the charge and the charge are moved downward and when fed into the reactor from the bottom up oxygen-containing agent and water vapor, and including the stages of heating the mixture, pyrolysis of combustible components, coking, combustion, formation of a solid residue, which is discharged from the working space of the reactor, the formation of a vapor – gas mixture, cooling of the vapor – gas mixture and its removal from the working space of the reactor (working chamber 1), while forming a vacuum inside the working space of the reactor, and when the oxygen-containing agent is fed into the reactor from the bottom up, moist small particles of solid fuel waste are introduced into its flow with their transfer to the fluidized state, while an additional amount of an oxygen-containing agent is introduced into the reactor in the main stream, which is necessary for the subsequent combustion of small particles of solid waste fuels
  • the oxygen-containing agent When the oxygen-containing agent is fed into the reactor from the bottom up, moist small particles of solid fuel waste are introduced into its stream with their conversion to the fluidized state, while an additional amount of oxygen-containing agent is introduced into the reactor as part of the main stream, which is necessary for subsequent combustion of small particles of solid fuel waste having passed the stages of pyrolysis and coking, and the transfer of their moisture into superheated steam.
  • the lower part of the reactor 23 becomes an independent (second) reactor with a lower feed of processed products and a common combustion zone 6 in a single housing 1. This requires additional sealing of the reactor working space, therefore, the solid residue is unloaded from it in person. This is quite enough to ensure the environmental safety of the process with minimal costs.
  • a catalyst which is part of the nozzle.
  • One of the main requirements for it is durability.
  • second reactor operates on the cheapest raw materials that are practically not processed in industrial volumes - solid fuel waste, which is used as sawdust or starch, or coal fines (including crumbs, dust), or similar materials for example, beer grains. It should be borne in mind that the processing of such waste by a new technology becomes cost-effective.
  • its working chamber 1 contains a zone for supplying wet small particles of solid fuel wastes and their pyrolysis and coking 14, combined with the supply zone of the oxygen-containing agent (and water) - 4 and the heating of the oxygen-containing agent and water - 5. From a technical point of view, such a solution to the working chamber 1 is considered to be structurally incorrect, since it “clogs” the oxygen-containing agent. And the connection of its channel 15 with the hopper-dosing 16 wet small particles of solid fuel wastes aggravates this situation. There is a technical contradiction.
  • the batcher 16 'of wet small particles of solid fuel waste of the hopper 16 is screw-shaped, while the hopper 16 contains a level gauge 19 and a humidity sensor 20 associated with the nozzle 18 equipped with water dispenser 17
  • the rest of the reactor remained the same, with the exception that the discharge zone of solid residues from processing 2 was supplemented by a gateway 21 with two shutters 22. This made it possible to ensure the necessary tightness of the working chamber (case) 1.
  • the essence of the invention is to carry out “double gasification” in one apparatus, when hydrocarbon and / or carbon-containing raw materials are supplied from above in the form of briquettes or pellets, or in pieces or like wood chips, namely peat, coal, wood, garbage (possibly , liquid hydrocarbons are used as irrigation), and wet sawdust or coal chips are fed from below along with air or oxygen-enriched air in fluidized form.
  • Each type of raw material passes heating and heating zones 9 and 5, pyrolysis and coking 8, 7 and 14 from above and below.
  • Combustion zone 6 (oxidation) is common for the upper and lower flows of raw materials.
  • Wet sawdust and / or coal chips fines
  • beer pellets or similar materials are simultaneously carriers of carbon and water vapor.
  • the gas leaving the reactor during the processing of car covers, tar, bitumen, oil pitch, boghedhead, oil shale, etc. can be used for the synthesis of various fuels and for the production of raw materials for special chemical industries, which is a parametric reserve of the developed technology.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following example.
  • an appropriate continuous reactor was used with a working diameter of 1500 mm, a height of the cylindrical part of 10000 mm, and a working volume of 18 m 3 .
  • Wood fuel briquettes with a moisture content of 15% by weight were used as combustible products for processing. and sawdust with a moisture content of 50% by weight.
  • the prepared briquette charge including a nozzle in the form of rings made of heat-resistant steel, was loaded through sealed lock gates 24 into the upper part of the working chamber 1 of the reactor, where a small but stable discharge was maintained.
  • an oxygen-containing agent and moist sawdust were fed from the bottom upwards through a special channel 15, which were taken from the hopper 16 with a special device 25 (fan, blower, etc.) into the fluidized state by air flow, and the amount of oxygen-containing agent in the main stream, necessary for the subsequent combustion of sawdust that has passed the pyrolysis and coking stages, and the transfer of their moisture to superheated steam.
  • a special device 25 fan, blower, etc.
  • the following is a comparative analysis of wood processing briquettes with a moisture content of 15% weight. in the presence of heat resistant steel nozzles in two versions.
  • briquetted household and industrial waste, tires, non-coking coals, peat, shales, lignite, etc. can be used as processed products for the top loading of the reactor.
  • Coal chips can also be used for the bottom loading of the reactor (trifle), beer pellet, starch and similar materials, i.e. products not previously processed on an industrial scale.
  • the percentage of the most important components will change slightly, while maintaining a pronounced tendency to increase gas calories.
  • the technological capabilities of the process for processing combustible carbon- and / or hydrocarbon-containing products expanded, resulting in a more complete utilization of the processed products, including their fine fractions, increased calorific value of the gas-vapor mixture, and an additional sum was brought into the combustion zone heat, the process of supplying water to the reaction zone was simplified, bypassing the stage of preparation of superheated steam.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Les présentes inventions relèvent du domaine de la transformation industrielle de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures. Le procédé de transformation de produits combustibles à base de carbone et/ou d' hydrocarbures comprend la transformation couche par couche de la charge dans un réacteur en présence d'un catalyseur. Dans le réacteur, la charge passe de haut en bas de zone de chauffage des produits de transformation (9), de pyrolyse (8), de cokéfaction (7), de combustion (6) avec formation d'un résidu solide qui est déchargé de la zone de déchargement des résidus solides de transformation (2) avec une fenêtre de déchargement (3) depuis un espace de travail du réacteur de manière cyclique, avec préservation de son étanchéité. Un chambre de travail étanche (1) du réacteur comprend une zone d'amenée de petites particules humides des déchets de combustibles solides et de leur pyrolyse et cokéfaction (14), qui coïncide avec les zones d'amenée (4) et de chauffage (5) de l'agent oxygéné. La conduite d'amenée de l'agent oxygéné (15) est reliée à une trémie de dosage (16) de petites particules humides des déchets de combustibles solides à partir desquelles on forme dans zone (14) du réacteur un flux à lit fluidisé. On introduit dans le réacteur la quantité nécessaire d'agent oxygéné faisant partie du flux principal nécessaire à la combustion ultérieure de petites particules des déchets de combustibles solides ayant passé par les zones de pyrolyse (8) et de cokéfaction (7), et à la conversion de l'humidité en vapeur surchauffée. L'invention permet de pleinement mettre en valeur les petites fractions de produits de transformation et d'obtenir un gaz à teneur en calories élevée ainsi que d'augmenter la quantité et la qualité de produits finis.
PCT/RU2015/000052 2014-02-03 2015-01-30 Procédé de traitement de produits combustibles contenant du carbone et/ou des hydrocarbures et réacteur pour sa mise en œuvre WO2015115942A1 (fr)

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RU2014103344 2014-02-03
RU2014103344/05A RU2544669C1 (ru) 2014-02-03 2014-02-03 Способ переработки горючих углерод- и/или углеводородсодержащих продуктов и реактор для его осуществления

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