WO2015113174A1 - Dual-cylinder servomotor for braking systems - Google Patents
Dual-cylinder servomotor for braking systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015113174A1 WO2015113174A1 PCT/CL2014/000005 CL2014000005W WO2015113174A1 WO 2015113174 A1 WO2015113174 A1 WO 2015113174A1 CL 2014000005 W CL2014000005 W CL 2014000005W WO 2015113174 A1 WO2015113174 A1 WO 2015113174A1
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- Prior art keywords
- piston
- cylinder
- hydraulic cylinder
- mixed
- cylinders
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
- B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
- B60T11/16—Master control, e.g. master cylinders
- B60T11/18—Connection thereof to initiating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T11/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant
- B60T11/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
- B60T11/102—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator without power assistance or drive or where such assistance or drive is irrelevant transmitting by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in combination with mechanical elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
- B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
- B60T13/16—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs
- B60T13/161—Systems with master cylinder
- B60T13/162—Master cylinder mechanically coupled with booster
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/745—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on a hydraulic system, e.g. a master cylinder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
- B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
- B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
- B60T7/16—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger operated by remote control, i.e. initiating means not mounted on vehicle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/028—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force
- F15B11/036—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the actuating force by means of servomotors having a plurality of working chambers
Definitions
- the large-scale mining industry tends to use large telecommand machines more and more frequently, as a way to give greater continuity to its operations, improve efficiency, control and registration and safeguard operators from accidents on the spot.
- the present invention relates to a mixed cylinder for application in a brake system, in telecommand bridge cranes or other heavy equipment of the telecommanded industry, with two drives, one by a pedal on a brake pump, that works with a brake fluid (for example DOT 3), and the other with an electrohydraulic system, which drives a second hydraulic system. Since there is incompatibility between the liquids used by hydraulic power sources, a single hydraulic cylinder that allows contact between them cannot be used, since when the liquids are mixed they lose their properties (transmit pressure, lubricate and cool, for example) . The invention seeks to solve these problems.
- the hydraulic cylinder In addition to the hydraulic motor, in a hydraulic circuit today the hydraulic cylinder is an irreplaceable equipment for the transformation of hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Is by therefore, the connecting element between the hydraulic circuit and the machine that drives it.
- the hydraulic cylinder has the function of carrying out (linear) translation movements and, simultaneously, transmitting forces.
- the maximum possible force of the cylinder F depends, disregarding friction, on the maximum permissible operating pressure p and on the effective surface A.
- the cylinder drive As there is no conversion of rotary motion into linear motion, the cylinder drive has good performance.
- a hydraulic cylinder can present its maximum force constantly from the beginning to the end of the race.
- a pressure valve offers the possibility of simply limiting the stroke force.
- the piston speed of a hydraulic cylinder depends on the flow rate and the effective piston surface. If the flow rate is kept constant, the piston speed will also be constant from the beginning to the end of the stroke. According to the construction type of a hydraulic cylinder, it can only provide pressure forces or pressure and traction forces.
- piston cylinders without rod can be made with or without internal stop and guide piston.
- the magnitude of the pressure force is calculated in all executions by multiplying the surface of the piston rod by the operating pressure.
- Rodless piston cylinders are used where a clear sense of force allows a safe return to the initial position, such as: in hydraulic presses with inner pistons, lifting devices, etc.
- Cylinders with replacement springs are used where the external replacement force is missing.
- the replacement springs can be arranged inside or outside the cylinder. Since springs can only run races and generate limited forces, they are especially used in "small cylinders". They are used in the construction of tools such as clamping cylinders or as a mounting tool for repairs.
- the inlet movement of the rod is carried out by means of the replacement spring.
- Double acting cylinders have two surfaces of opposite effect, of equal or different size. They have two independent connections to each other. By feeding a pressure medium through the “A” or “B” connections, the piston It can transmit tensile or compressive forces in both directions. This type of cylinder is used in virtually all fields of application.
- Double acting cylinders are subdivided into differential cylinders and double rod cylinders.
- Differential cylinders have a piston: which is fixedly attached to a smaller diameter rod.
- the name differential cylinder is derived from effective (different) size surfaces.
- the relationship of surfaces between piston surface and annular surface is called factor e.
- the maximum transmissible force depends on the output movement of the piston surface and the input movement, the annular surface and the maximum permissible operating pressure. That is, at the same service pressure the output force is greater in the s factor to the input force.
- the chambers to be filled in each case, given the stroke are equal in length, but different in volume given the differences between piston surface and annular surface. Therefore, the running speeds behave inversely to the surfaces.
- Double rod cylinders have a piston, which is fixedly attached to two smaller diameter rods.
- the maximum transmissible force in both directions depends on the annular surfaces of equal size and maximum permissible operating pressure. That is, at the same service pressure the forces in both directions are equal. Since the surfaces and stroke lengths are identical on both sides, so are the chambers to be filled. It follows that the speeds are also equal.
- double rod cylinders can be made with different piston diameters.
- Telescopic cylinders differ from “normal” cylinders by their shorter mounting length when they are retracted, compared to “normal” cylinders with a comparable stroke.
- the mounting dimension is equal to the total divided stroke length by the number of stages plus the zero stroke level (base thickness, guide lengths, stagnation widths, fixing). This means that the mounting length is only slightly larger than a stage.
- the length of the retracted telescopic cylinder is normally between half and a quarter of its stroke length. Depending on their mounting height, these cylinders are made of two, three, four or five levels. Telescopic cylinders are used in hydraulic elevators, tilting platforms, utility vehicles, lifting platforms, antenna construction, etc.
- connection "A” If the pistons are loaded through connection "A", they exit one after another. The pressure is governed by the magnitude of the load and the effective surface. Consequently, the piston with the effective surface comes out first.
- the stroke force to be used must be sized by the smallest effective surface of the piston.
- the order of the input movement is reversed as a result of the external load. This means that the piston with the smallest surface will first be moved to the final position.
- the order of the entry movement of the different stages is governed by the size of the annular surface and the load external
- the piston with the largest annular surface first moves to the final position.
- Double acting telescopic cylinders can also be made as double rod telescopic cylinders. In this version the different stages leave or enter simultaneously. 3. Building principles
- the cylinder head, the barrel of the cylinder and the base of the cylinder are firmly connected by traction bars (braces).
- Strap cylinders are characterized by their especially compact construction.
- the round construction hydraulic cylinders are also suitable for use under extreme operating conditions.
- first piston rod in which a second piston connected to the cylinder part is slidably supported or inner
- first piston rod channel being provided on the first piston rod and the inner cylinder portion that joins a first variable chamber of pressurized agent, disposed between the first and second pistons, to a first connection hole provided in the cylinder housing
- part of the inner cylinder is open in the area of the closed end of the first piston rod and connected to the first connection hole and is closed at the opposite end, forming the third piston rod, with the part of the inner cylinder a second variable pressure agent chamber that is connected to a second connection hole through a second pressurized agent channel provided in the cylinder housing.
- ES 315 803 refers to a system for converting a double acting hydraulic cylinder into a single direction and vice versa, characterized in that in one of the supply lines of the pressurized fluid to the double hydraulic cylinder effect, a governable distributor is sandwiched at will so that in one position it allows the passage of the pressurized fluid to said hydraulic cylinder so that it acts as a double-acting cylinder, and in another position it closes the passage of pressurized fluid towards the hydraulic cylinder, returning it to a circuit to the tank and make the hydraulic cylinder act as a single acting cylinder, with free return of the piston.
- the cylinder for bridging crane braking system or the like of the invention solves the need to have a compatible hydraulic actuator in operation with two sources of hydraulic energy, which work with different hydraulic fluid (synthetic base and mineral base), without the possibility of hydraulic liquids mixing.
- Figure 1 shows an overview of the brake system for bridge cranes with remote remote control or similar heavy machinery, arranged with the mixed hydraulic cylinder of the invention.
- Figure 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the mixed hydraulic cylinder for brakes on bridge cranes or similar heavy machinery with remote control of the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the mixed hydraulic cylinder for brakes on bridge cranes with remote control or similar heavy machinery of the invention.
- Figure 4 shows an internal front view of the operation of one of the chambers of the mixed hydraulic cylinder, for brakes on bridge cranes with remote control or similar heavy machinery.
- Figure 5 shows an internal front view of the operation of another chamber of the mixed hydraulic cylinder, for brakes on bridge cranes with remote control or similar heavy machinery.
- the mixed hydraulic cylinder for brakes on bridge cranes with remote telecommand is given in the context of a brake system (according to figure 1) with two drives, one by a pedal (6) on a brake pump (7) that works with brake fluid (in the prototype DOT 3 was used for synthetic ones), and the other one with a pedal (3), but with an electro-hydraulic system for remote control (4) that works with the mineral-based hydraulic fluid. Since there is incompatibility between the liquids used by the hydraulic energy sources (4) and (7), a hydraulic cylinder that allows contact between them cannot be used, since when the liquids are mixed they lose their properties (transmit pressure, lubricate and refrigerate, for example).
- the mixed cylinder (1) can work with two sources of hydraulic energy that work with different liquids, whether or not they are compatible.
- Said mixed cylinder (1) is made up of two chambers (16) and (21) that are insulated between them, but that fulfill the objective of generating the linear displacement of a plunger (14), see figure 2.
- the means that make up the mixed cylinder (1) allows a visual feedback of the state of cup seals (9) and (13) and the O 'rings (10) and (12), since if they are in bad condition there will be loss of hydraulic fluid, remembering what tends to fail commonly in hydraulic cylinders.
- the mixed cylinder (1) has the particularity of having the two insulated chambers (16) and (21), in order to be operated, sending pressure through the threaded connection points NPT (2) and (5) separately or together, obtaining in both cases the linear displacement of the piston (14) of the mixed cylinder (1)
- the hydraulic pressure When applying hydraulic pressure through the threaded connection point type NPT (5), the hydraulic pressure will be distributed in chamber one (16) generating the linear displacement of the piston (14), given that a piston (1 1) leaves to rest on the base of the cylinder (8) and the only free end will be the piston (14).
- the hydraulic pressure When applying hydraulic pressure through the threaded connection point type NPT (2), the hydraulic pressure will be distributed in the second chamber (21) generating the linear displacement of the piston (14), since the piston (11) is going to rest on the plunger (14), being the only free end to move.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dual-cylinder servomotor to be used in a braking system, in remote-control overhead travelling cranes or other remotely controlled heavy industrial equipment, with two independent actuators that are actuated by means of incompatible hydraulic liquids that should not be mixed. The servomotor has two cylindrical jackets (8, 14), closed at one end and with an anchor therein (15, 22), one jacket having a smaller diameter and moving inside the other; a rod (11) with two pistons at the ends thereof, having grooves (17, 18, 19, 20) such as to include corresponding ring packings (10, 12) and cup packings (9, 13), such that each piston moves inside each jacket. Each piston with each jacket defines corresponding work chambers which are accessed by a different working liquid via the respective connection points, near the aforementioned ends of the jackets.
Description
SERVOMOTOR DE DOBLE CILINDRO PARA SISTEMAS DE FRENOS DOUBLE CYLINDER SERVOMOTOR FOR BRAKE SYSTEMS
La industria de la gran minería tiende a utilizar cada vez con mayor frecuencia grandes máquinas telecomandadas, como un modo de dar mayor continuidad a sus faenas, mejorar la eficiencia, control y registro y salvaguardar a los operadores de accidentes in situ. The large-scale mining industry tends to use large telecommand machines more and more frequently, as a way to give greater continuity to its operations, improve efficiency, control and registration and safeguard operators from accidents on the spot.
Estas grandes máquinas requieren por seguridad un sistema de detención, freno, de mayor capacidad que los frenos hidráulicos tradicionales. These large machines require for safety a stop, brake system, of greater capacity than traditional hydraulic brakes.
La presente invención se refiere a un cilindro mixto para la aplicación en un sistema de frenos, en grúas puentes de telecomando u otros equipos pesados de la industria telecomandados, con dos accionamientos, uno por un pedal sobre una bomba de freno, que funcione con un líquido de frenos (por ejemplo DOT 3), y el otro con un sistema electrohidráulico, que acciona un segundo sistema hidráulico. Dado que existe incompatibilidad entre los líquidos utilizados por las fuentes de energía hidráulica, no se puede utilizar un solo cilindro hidráulico que permita el contacto entre ellos, ya que al mezclarse los líquidos pierden sus propiedades (trasmitir presión, lubricar y refrigerar, por ejemplo). La invención busca resolver estos problemas. The present invention relates to a mixed cylinder for application in a brake system, in telecommand bridge cranes or other heavy equipment of the telecommanded industry, with two drives, one by a pedal on a brake pump, that works with a brake fluid (for example DOT 3), and the other with an electrohydraulic system, which drives a second hydraulic system. Since there is incompatibility between the liquids used by hydraulic power sources, a single hydraulic cylinder that allows contact between them cannot be used, since when the liquids are mixed they lose their properties (transmit pressure, lubricate and cool, for example) . The invention seeks to solve these problems.
Cilindros hidráulicos Hydraulic cylinders
1. El cilindro hidráulico en el circuito hidráulico 1. The hydraulic cylinder in the hydraulic circuit
Además del motor hidráulico, en un circuito hidráulico hoy en día el cilindro hidráulico es un equipo insustituible para la transformación de energía hidráulica en energía mecánica. Es, por
lo tanto, el elemento de unión entre el circuito hidráulico y la máquina que lo acciona. In addition to the hydraulic motor, in a hydraulic circuit today the hydraulic cylinder is an irreplaceable equipment for the transformation of hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. Is by therefore, the connecting element between the hydraulic circuit and the machine that drives it.
A diferencia del motor hidráulico, el cual realiza movimientos rotatorios (giratorios), el cilindro hidráulico tiene la función de realizar movimientos de traslación (lineales) y, simultáneamente, transmitir fuerzas. Unlike the hydraulic motor, which performs rotary (rotary) movements, the hydraulic cylinder has the function of carrying out (linear) translation movements and, simultaneously, transmitting forces.
La fuerza máxima posible del cilindro F depende, despreciando la fricción, de la presión de servicio máxima admisible p y de la superficie efectiva A. The maximum possible force of the cylinder F depends, disregarding friction, on the maximum permissible operating pressure p and on the effective surface A.
F = p · A (en kN) F = p · A (in kN)
Para el accionamiento con cilindros hidráulicos en movimientos lineales de máquinas de trabajo, se obtienen las siguientes ventajas:For the operation with hydraulic cylinders in linear movements of work machines, the following advantages are obtained:
- El accionamiento directo con cilindros hidráulicos es sencillo en su montaje y fácilmente ubicable para el constructor de máquinas. - Direct drive with hydraulic cylinders is simple in assembly and easily located for the machine builder.
Al no haber conversión de movimiento rotatorio en movimiento lineal, el accionamiento del cilindro posee buen rendimiento. As there is no conversion of rotary motion into linear motion, the cylinder drive has good performance.
Un cilindro hidráulico puede presentar su fuerza máxima de forma constante desde el comienzo hasta el final de la carrera. A hydraulic cylinder can present its maximum force constantly from the beginning to the end of the race.
Una válvula de presión ofrece la posibilidad de limitar de manera sencilla la fuerza de carrera.A pressure valve offers the possibility of simply limiting the stroke force.
- La velocidad del pistón de un cilindro hidráulico depende del caudal y de la superficie de pistón efectiva. Si se mantiene constante el caudal, también será constante la velocidad del pistón desde el comienzo hasta el final de la carrera.
De acuerdo con el tipo constructivo de un cilindro hidráulico, éste sólo podrá proporcionar fuerzas de presión o fuerzas de presión y tracción. - The piston speed of a hydraulic cylinder depends on the flow rate and the effective piston surface. If the flow rate is kept constant, the piston speed will also be constant from the beginning to the end of the stroke. According to the construction type of a hydraulic cylinder, it can only provide pressure forces or pressure and traction forces.
El dirnensionamiento de cilindros hidráulicos permite construir accionamientos de gran potencia con cotas reducidas de montaje, The directioning of hydraulic cylinders makes it possible to build high-power drives with reduced mounting dimensions,
Los casos de aplicación más frecuentes de cilindros hidráulicos son la elevación, el descenso, el bloqueo y el desplazamiento de cargas. The most frequent cases of hydraulic cylinders are lifting, lowering, blocking and moving loads.
2. Tipos de cilindro según su efecto 2. Cylinder types according to their effect
De acuerdo con su efecto los cilindros hidráulicos se dividen en: According to their effect the hydraulic cylinders are divided into:
- cilindros de efecto simple y - single acting cylinders and
- cilindros de efecto doble. - double acting cylinders.
2.1 Cilindros de efecto simple 2.1 Single acting cylinders
Los cilindros de efecto simple solamente pueden entregar su fuerza en un sentido. La reposición del pistón se puede llevar a cabo mediante un resorte, por peso propio del pistón o por efecto de una fuerza externa. Básicamente los cilindros de efecto simple tienen un, superficie efectiva. Single acting cylinders can only deliver their strength in one direction. The replacement of the piston can be carried out by means of a spring, by the weight of the piston itself or by the effect of an external force. Basically single acting cylinders have an effective surface.
2.1.1 Cilindros a pistón de inmersión o a pistón sin vástago 2.1.1 Immersion piston or piston cylinders without rod
En esta versión de cilindro, de acuerdo con la instalación técnica, sólo se pueden transmitir fuerzas de compresión. In this cylinder version, according to the technical installation, only compression forces can be transmitted.
De acuerdo con el caso de aplicación, los cilindros a pistón sin vástago pueden realizarse con o sin tope interno y pistón guía. La magnitud de la fuerza de presión se calcula en todas las ejecuciones mediante la multiplicación de la superficie del vástago de pistón por la presión de servicio.
Los cilindros a pistón sin vástago se emplean allí donde un claro sentido de la fuerza permite el retorno seguro a la posición inicial, como por ejemplo: en prensas hidráulicas con pistón interior, dispositivos de elevación, etc. According to the case of application, piston cylinders without rod can be made with or without internal stop and guide piston. The magnitude of the pressure force is calculated in all executions by multiplying the surface of the piston rod by the operating pressure. Rodless piston cylinders are used where a clear sense of force allows a safe return to the initial position, such as: in hydraulic presses with inner pistons, lifting devices, etc.
Cargando la superficie efectiva a través de la conexión de tubería "A" con presión de servicio, el pistón sale (<=). El retorno del pistón debe producirse por el peso propio del mismo o por efecto de una fuerza externa. Loading the effective surface through the pipe connection "A" with operating pressure, the piston comes out (<=). The return of the piston must be produced by its own weight or by the effect of an external force.
2.1.2 Cilindro con retroceso por resorte 2.1.2 Cylinder with spring recoil
Los cilindros con resortes de reposición se emplean allí donde falta la fuerza externa de reposición. Los resortes de reposición se pueden disponer en el interior del cilindro o fuera del mismo. Dado que los resortes sólo pueden recorrer carreras y generar fuerzas limitadas, éstos se emplean especialmente en "cilindros pequeños". Se utilizan en la construcción de utillajes como cilindros de sujeción o como herramienta de montaje para realizar reparaciones. Cylinders with replacement springs are used where the external replacement force is missing. The replacement springs can be arranged inside or outside the cylinder. Since springs can only run races and generate limited forces, they are especially used in "small cylinders". They are used in the construction of tools such as clamping cylinders or as a mounting tool for repairs.
La salida (<=) del vástago se logra cargando la superficie efectiva del pistón con presión de servicio a través de la conexión "A". El movimiento de entrada del vástago se realiza por medio del resorte de reposición. The output (<=) of the rod is achieved by loading the effective surface of the piston with operating pressure through connection "A". The inlet movement of the rod is carried out by means of the replacement spring.
Cargando la superficie anular efectiva con presión de servido a través de conexión "B" se logra la entrada del vástago. El movimiento de salida (=>) se realiza por medio del resorte de reposición. By loading the effective annular surface with serving pressure through connection "B", the rod inlet is achieved. The output movement (=>) is carried out by means of the reset spring.
2.2 Cilindros de efecto doble 2.2 Double acting cylinders
Los cilindros de efecto doble poseen dos superficies de efecto opuesto, de igual o de distinto tamaño. Disponen de dos conexiones independientes entre sí. Mediante alimentación de un medio de presión a través de las conexiones "A" ó "B" el pistón
puede transmitir fuerzas de tracción o de compresión en ambos sentidos de carrera. Este tipo de cilindro se emplea en prácticamente todos los campos de aplicación. Double acting cylinders have two surfaces of opposite effect, of equal or different size. They have two independent connections to each other. By feeding a pressure medium through the "A" or "B" connections, the piston It can transmit tensile or compressive forces in both directions. This type of cylinder is used in virtually all fields of application.
Los cilindros de efecto doble se subdividen en cilindros diferenciales y cilindros de doble vástago. Double acting cylinders are subdivided into differential cylinders and double rod cylinders.
2.2.1 Cilindros diferenciales 2.2.1 Differential cylinders
(Cilindros con vástago unilateral) (Cylinders with unilateral rod)
En la mayoría de los casos de aplicación los cilindros se realizan con un solo vástago. Los cilindros diferenciales poseen un pistón: el cual está unido fijamente a un vástago de diámetro menor. El nombre cilindro diferencial se deriva de las superficies efectivas tamaño (diferentes). La relación de superficies entre superficie del pistón y superficie anular se denomina factor e . La fuerza máxima transmisible depende para el movimiento de salida de la superficie del pistón y para el movimiento de entrada, de la superficie anular y de la presión de servicio máxima admisible. Es decir, que a igual presión de servicio la fuerza de salida es mayor en el factor s a la fuerza de entrada. Las cámaras a llenar en cada caso, dada la carrera son iguales en longitud, pero distintas en su volumen dadas las diferencias entre superficie del pistón y superficie anular. Por ello las velocidades de carrera se comportan de modo inverso a las superficies. In most application cases the cylinders are made with a single rod. Differential cylinders have a piston: which is fixedly attached to a smaller diameter rod. The name differential cylinder is derived from effective (different) size surfaces. The relationship of surfaces between piston surface and annular surface is called factor e. The maximum transmissible force depends on the output movement of the piston surface and the input movement, the annular surface and the maximum permissible operating pressure. That is, at the same service pressure the output force is greater in the s factor to the input force. The chambers to be filled in each case, given the stroke are equal in length, but different in volume given the differences between piston surface and annular surface. Therefore, the running speeds behave inversely to the surfaces.
Es decir: That is to say:
- Gran superficie -» marcha lenta - Large surface - »idle
- Pequeña superficie -» marcha rápida - Small surface - »fast march
2.2.2 Cilindros de doble vástago 2.2.2 Double rod cylinders
(Cilindros con vástago bilateral) (Cylinders with bilateral rod)
Los cilindros de doble vástago poseen un pistón, el cual está unido fijamente a dos vástagos de diámetro menor. La fuerza máxima transmisible en ambas direcciones depende de las
superficies anulares de igual tamaño y de la presión de servicio máxima admisible. Es decir, que a igual presión de servicio las fuerzas en ambos sentidos son iguales. Dado que las superficies y las longitudes de carrera son idénticas de ambos lados, también lo son las cámaras a llenar. De allí resulta que las velocidades también son iguales. Double rod cylinders have a piston, which is fixedly attached to two smaller diameter rods. The maximum transmissible force in both directions depends on the annular surfaces of equal size and maximum permissible operating pressure. That is, at the same service pressure the forces in both directions are equal. Since the surfaces and stroke lengths are identical on both sides, so are the chambers to be filled. It follows that the speeds are also equal.
Para casos especiales de aplicación los cilindros de doble vástago se pueden realizar con distintos diámetros de pistón. For special cases of application double rod cylinders can be made with different piston diameters.
En esta versión las fuerzas y las velocidades se comportan (en forma similar a los cilindros diferenciales) en la relación de superficies e de ambas superficies anulares entre sí. 2.3 Formas especiales de cilindros hidráulicos de efecto simple y doble In this version the forces and speeds behave (similar to differential cylinders) in the relation of surfaces e of both annular surfaces to each other. 2.3 Special forms of single and double acting hydraulic cylinders
Existen casos de aplicación en los cuales los cilindros de efecto simple o doble sólo pueden ser empleados tomando medidas suplementarias. La mayor parte de dichos casos son longitud de carrera con cotas de montaje sumamente reducidas o grandes fuerzas a mínimo diámetro de pistón. Estas y otras exigencias condujeron una serie de versiones especiales, cuya fabricación resulta sumamente complicada. There are cases of application in which single or double acting cylinders can only be used by taking additional measures. Most of these cases are stroke length with extremely low mounting dimensions or large forces at a minimum piston diameter. These and other requirements led a series of special versions, whose manufacture is extremely complicated.
2.3.1 Cilindros tándem 2.3.1 Tandem cylinders
En los cilindros de efecto doble en versión tándem se unen dos cilindros de modo tal de que el vástago de uno de ellos presione sobre la superficie del pistón del otro a través de la base de último. Gracias a esta disposición las superficies se suman y se pueden transmitir grandes fuerzas sin aumentar la presión de servicio y diámetros externos reducidos. Cabe tener en cuenta la mayor longitud constructiva. In the double-acting cylinders in tandem version two cylinders are joined in such a way that the rod of one of them presses on the surface of the piston of the other through the base of the latter. Thanks to this arrangement, the surfaces add up and great forces can be transmitted without increasing the service pressure and reduced external diameters. The greatest construction length must be taken into account.
2.3.2 Cilindros de marcha rápida
Los cilindros de marcha rápida se emplean especialmente en construcción de prensas. En este tipo de cilindro, mientras se requiera la fuerza completa de trabajo, solamente se carga una parte de la superficie efectiva del pistón, el así denominado pistón de marcha rápida. La superficie efectiva total se une más tarde con la bomba hidráulica a través del mando, mediante la reacción de válvula presión e interruptores de fin de curso. 2.3.2 Fast March Cylinders Fast-moving cylinders are especially used in press construction. In this type of cylinder, as long as the full working force is required, only a part of the effective surface of the piston, the so-called fast-moving piston, is loaded. The total effective surface is later connected to the hydraulic pump through the control, by means of the pressure valve reaction and end of course switches.
Ventajas: Advantages:
- Gran velocidad de marcha rápida por volumen pequeño - Great speed of fast march by small volume
- Gran fuerza de compresión por gran superficie efectiva del pistón. - Great compression force due to large effective piston surface.
2.3.2.1 Cilindro de marcha rápida de simple efecto 2.3.2.1 Fast acting single acting cylinder
- Marcha rápida (<=) a través de conexión "A1 " - Fast march (<=) via connection "A1"
Reaspiración a través de conexión de línea "S" Reaspiration through line connection "S"
- Fuerza de compresión (<=) a través de conexión "A2" - Compression force (<=) via connection "A2"
- Retroceso mediante peso propio o fuerza externa, retorno de"A1 "y"A2" - Recoil by own weight or external force, return of "A1" and "A2"
2.3.2.2 Cilindro de marcha rápida de doble efecto 2.3.2.2 Double acting fast-acting cylinder
- Marcha rápida (<=) a través de conexión "A1 " - Fast march (<=) via connection "A1"
Reaspiración a través de conexión de línea "S" Reaspiration through line connection "S"
- Fuerza de compresión («=) para pistón de trabajo a través de conexión "A2" - Compression force («=) for working piston through connection" A2 "
- Retroceso a través de conexión "B", retorno de "A1 " y "A2" - Recoil through connection "B", return of "A1" and "A2"
2.3.3 Cilindro telescópico 2.3.3 Telescopic cylinder
Los cilindros telescópicos se diferencian de los cilindros "normales" por su menor longitud de montaje al estar retrocedidos, con respecto a cilindros "normales" con carrera comparable. Como consecuencia de los vástagos que se encajan, la cota de montaje es igual a la longitud total de carrera dividida
por la cantidad de etapas más la cota de carrera nula (espesor de base, longitudes de guías, anchos de estancamiento, fijación). Ello quiere decir que la longitud de montaje es sólo un poco más grande que una etapa. La longitud del cilindro telescópico retrocedido normalmente se encuentra entre la mitad y un cuarto de su longitud de carrera. En función de su cota de montaje estos cilindros se realizan de dos, tres, cuatro o cinco niveles. Se emplean cilindros telescópicos en ascensores hidráulicos, plataformas basculantes, vehículos utilitarios, plataformas elevadoras, construcción de antenas, etc. Telescopic cylinders differ from "normal" cylinders by their shorter mounting length when they are retracted, compared to "normal" cylinders with a comparable stroke. As a consequence of the shanks that fit together, the mounting dimension is equal to the total divided stroke length by the number of stages plus the zero stroke level (base thickness, guide lengths, stagnation widths, fixing). This means that the mounting length is only slightly larger than a stage. The length of the retracted telescopic cylinder is normally between half and a quarter of its stroke length. Depending on their mounting height, these cylinders are made of two, three, four or five levels. Telescopic cylinders are used in hydraulic elevators, tilting platforms, utility vehicles, lifting platforms, antenna construction, etc.
2.3.3.1 Cilindros telescópicos de simple efecto 2.3.3.1 Single acting telescopic cylinders
Si los pistones se cargan a través de conexión "A", salen uno tras otro. La presión se rige por la magnitud de la carga y por la superficie efectiva. Consecuentemente, el pistón con la superficie efectiva sale primero. If the pistons are loaded through connection "A", they exit one after another. The pressure is governed by the magnitude of the load and the effective surface. Consequently, the piston with the effective surface comes out first.
A presión y caudal constantes comienza el movimiento de salida, la fuerza más grande y a baja velocidad y finaliza con la fuer; pequeña y a velocidad elevada. At constant pressure and flow the output movement begins, the greatest force and at low speed and ends with the force; Small and at high speed.
La fuerza de carrera a emplear debe estar dimensionada por la superficie efectiva más pequeña del pistón. En el cilindro telescópico de efecto simple el orden del movimiento de entrada es inverso como consecuencia de la carga externa. Ello quiere decir que el pistón la menor superficie se trasladará primero a la posición final. The stroke force to be used must be sized by the smallest effective surface of the piston. In the single-acting telescopic cylinder the order of the input movement is reversed as a result of the external load. This means that the piston with the smallest surface will first be moved to the final position.
2.3.3.2 Cilindros telescópicos de doble efecto 2.3.3.2 Double acting telescopic cylinders
En los cilindros telescópicos de doble efecto la salida se produce del mismo modo que en los cilindros telescópicos de simple efecto. In double-acting telescopic cylinders, the output occurs in the same way as in single-acting telescopic cylinders.
El orden del movimiento de entrada de las distintas etapas se rige por el tamaño de la superficie anular y de la carga
externa. Aquí, al ser cargado con presión a través de la conexión "B", el pistón con la mayor superficie anular marcha primero a la posición final. The order of the entry movement of the different stages is governed by the size of the annular surface and the load external Here, when loaded with pressure through the "B" connection, the piston with the largest annular surface first moves to the final position.
Los cilindros telescópicos de doble efecto también se pueden realizar como cilindros telescópicos de doble vástago. En esta versión las distintas etapas salen o entran simultáneamente. 3. Principios constructivos Double acting telescopic cylinders can also be made as double rod telescopic cylinders. In this version the different stages leave or enter simultaneously. 3. Building principles
La construcción de un cilindro hidráulico depende en gran medida del caso de aplicación. En máquinas herramienta, máquinas de trabajo móviles, hidroeléctricas, industria del acero y siderurgia o en otros casos de aplicación. Para cada caso específico se han ido desarrollando principios adecuados de construcción. The construction of a hydraulic cylinder depends largely on the application case. In machine tools, mobile, hydroelectric, steel and steel industry or in other cases of application. Appropriate construction principles have been developed for each specific case.
En base al cilindro diferencial de efecto simple o doble que se utiliza con mayor frecuencia, representaremos los principios constructivos más usuales. Based on the single or double acting differential cylinder that is used most frequently, we will represent the most common construction principles.
Básicamente se diferencian dos tipos constructivos: Basically, there are two types of construction:
- Construcción por tirantes y - Strap construction and
- construcción redonda. - round construction.
3.1 Construcción por tirantes 3.1 Strap construction
En los cilindros de tirantes la cabeza del cilindro, el tuno del cilindro y la base del cilindro están unidas firmemente mediante barras de tracción (tirantes). Los cilindros de tirantes se caracterizan por su construcción especialmente compacta. In the rod cylinders the cylinder head, the barrel of the cylinder and the base of the cylinder are firmly connected by traction bars (braces). Strap cylinders are characterized by their especially compact construction.
Dada la construcción compacta que ahorra espacio, se emplean especialmente en la industria de máquinas herramienta y en instalaciones de fabricación en la industria automotriz, como por ejemplo, centros de maquinado. Given the compact space-saving construction, they are especially used in the machine tool industry and in manufacturing facilities in the automotive industry, such as machining centers.
3.2. Construcción redonda
En los cilindros hidráulicos de construcción redonda la cabeza del cilindro, el tubo del cilindro y la base del cilindro están firmemente unidos mediante tornillos, soldaduras o anillos de retención . 3.2. Round construction In the round construction hydraulic cylinders the cylinder head, the cylinder tube and the cylinder base are firmly connected by screws, welds or retaining rings.
Dado el montaje robusto los cilindros hidráulicos de construcción redonda resultan adecuados también para ser empleados bajo condiciones extremas de operación. Due to the robust assembly, the round construction hydraulic cylinders are also suitable for use under extreme operating conditions.
Los campos de aplicación de los cilindros hidráulicos de construcción redonda son la construcción general de máquinas, fábricas de laminación, fábricas siderúrgicas, hidroeléctricas, astilleros y técnica de tierra firme y de alta mar. The fields of application of round construction hydraulic cylinders are the general construction of machines, rolling mills, steel mills, hydroelectric factories, shipyards and land and high seas technical.
En lo que se refiere al estado de la técnica para cilindros mixtos en general, podemos citar la patente de invención ES 451 .304, la que se refiere a perfeccionamientos introducidos en un cilindro hidráulico de doble acción, es decir, que puede someterse a carga por ambos lados, para un sistema de mando con un pistón dispuesto en primer vástago de pistón hueco y en un segundo cilindro hidráulico, configurado como cilindro de retroceso, que a través de su pistón está unido de modo activo al primer cilindro hidráulico, caracterizados porque el vástago de pistón hueco del cilindro hidráulico recibe el cilindro de retroceso en el que esta previsto un segundo vástago de pistón, que presenta una parte de cilindro interior y exterior en cuyo espacio hueco está alojado de modo desplazable un tercer vástago de pistón, dispuesto fijamente en el extremo del primer vástago de pistón en el que esta soportado de modo deslizable un segundo pistón conectado a la parte de cilindro interior, estando previsto en el primer vástago de pistón y la parte de cilindro interior un primer canal de agente a presión que une una primera cámara variable de agente a presión, dispuestas entre los pistones primero y segundo,
a un primer taladro de conexión previsto en la caja de cilindro, mientras que parte de cilindro interior está abierta en la zona del extremo cerrado del primer vástago de pistón y conectada al primer taladro de conexión y está cerrada en el extremo opuesto, formando el tercer vástago de pistón, con la parte del cilindro interior una segunda cámara variable de agente a presión que está conectada a un segundo taladro de conexión a través de un segundo canal de agente a presión previsto en la caja de cilindro. Regarding the state of the art for mixed cylinders in general, we can cite the patent of invention ES 451 .304, which refers to improvements introduced in a double acting hydraulic cylinder, that is, which can be subjected to load on both sides, for a control system with a piston arranged in the first hollow piston rod and in a second hydraulic cylinder, configured as a recoil cylinder, which through its piston is actively connected to the first hydraulic cylinder, characterized in that The hollow piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder receives the recoil cylinder in which a second piston rod is provided, which has a part of the inner and outer cylinder in whose hollow space a third piston rod, fixedly arranged, movably housed. at the end of the first piston rod in which a second piston connected to the cylinder part is slidably supported or inner, with the first piston rod channel being provided on the first piston rod and the inner cylinder portion that joins a first variable chamber of pressurized agent, disposed between the first and second pistons, to a first connection hole provided in the cylinder housing, while part of the inner cylinder is open in the area of the closed end of the first piston rod and connected to the first connection hole and is closed at the opposite end, forming the third piston rod, with the part of the inner cylinder a second variable pressure agent chamber that is connected to a second connection hole through a second pressurized agent channel provided in the cylinder housing.
Otra patente para cilindros hidráulicos, se encuentra en la patente de invención ES 1031589, la que se refiere a un cilindro hidráulico rotativo de doble efecto perfeccionado; que se caracteriza porque comprende un eje un ensanchamiento que define un pistón, en un eje se monta a ambos lados del pistón dos piezas anulares de diferente longitud y de mayor diámetro que el pistón que se unen por tornillos y que definen la cámara del cilindro en la cual y montada en el eje aparece un casquillo que se fija con tornillos a una de las caras del pistón y cuyo casquillo incorpora válvulas anti-retorno en el sentido axial dispuestas en conductos conectados con otros que aparecen practicados en el interior del eje por los cuales circula liquido hidráulico que un circuito al que pertenecen dos bocas de entrada y de salida de liquido; en uno de los extremos del eje se conecta el elemento que trasmite el movimiento a la pieza de la maquina, mientras que en el otro extremo se monta una carcasa con unos conductos de drenaje del circuito hidráulico sobrante. Another patent for hydraulic cylinders is found in the invention patent ES 1031589, which refers to an improved double acting rotary hydraulic cylinder; characterized in that an axis comprises a widening that defines a piston, on one axis two annular pieces of different length and of greater diameter are mounted on both sides of the piston than the piston that are joined by screws and that define the cylinder chamber in which and mounted on the shaft appears a bushing that is fixed with screws to one of the faces of the piston and whose bushing incorporates non-return valves in the axial direction arranged in conduits connected with others that appear practiced inside the shaft by which circulates hydraulic fluid than a circuit to which two inlets and outlets of liquid belong; At one end of the shaft, the element that transmits the movement to the machine part is connected, while at the other end a housing with drainage ducts of the remaining hydraulic circuit is mounted.
Otra patente de invención es la ES 315 803, la que se refiere a un sistema para convertir un cilindro hidráulico de doble efecto en de simple efecto y viceversa, caracterizado porque en uno de los conducto de suministro del fluido a presión al cilindro hidráulico de doble efecto, se intercala un distribuidor gobernable
a voluntad de modo que en una posición permite el paso del fluido a presión a dicho cilindro hidráulico para que éste actúe como cilindro de doble efecto, y en otra posición cierra el paso de fluido a presión hacia el cilindro hidráulico, lo retorne a un circuito al depósito y haga que el cilindro hidráulico actúe como cilindro de simple efecto, con retroceso libre del émbolo. Another patent of invention is ES 315 803, which refers to a system for converting a double acting hydraulic cylinder into a single direction and vice versa, characterized in that in one of the supply lines of the pressurized fluid to the double hydraulic cylinder effect, a governable distributor is sandwiched at will so that in one position it allows the passage of the pressurized fluid to said hydraulic cylinder so that it acts as a double-acting cylinder, and in another position it closes the passage of pressurized fluid towards the hydraulic cylinder, returning it to a circuit to the tank and make the hydraulic cylinder act as a single acting cylinder, with free return of the piston.
El cilindro para sistema de frenos en grúa puentes o lo similar de la invención, resuelve la necesidad de tener un actuador hidráulico compatible en operación con dos fuentes de energía hidráulica, las que funcionan con distinto líquido hidráulico (base sintética y base mineral), sin la posibilidad que los líquidos hidráulicos se mezclen. The cylinder for bridging crane braking system or the like of the invention solves the need to have a compatible hydraulic actuator in operation with two sources of hydraulic energy, which work with different hydraulic fluid (synthetic base and mineral base), without the possibility of hydraulic liquids mixing.
La solución de este problema de la técnica se conformo creando un cilindro hidráulico de doble cámara de simple efecto sin retorno por muelle tipo buzo, denominado cilindro mixto. Una cámara para trabajar con el líquido de base sintética (por ejemplo DOT 3 u otro), y una segunda cámara para trabajar con el líquido de base mineral (en el prototipo se uso ISO VG 46, pudiendo también ser cualquier otro similar). The solution of this problem of the technique was formed by creating a single-acting double chamber hydraulic cylinder with no return by diver type spring, called a mixed cylinder. A chamber to work with the synthetic-based liquid (for example DOT 3 or another), and a second chamber to work with the mineral-based liquid (ISO VG 46 was used in the prototype, and it can also be any other similar).
Breve descripción de las figuras Brief description of the figures
Para comprender mejor las características esenciales del cilindro hidráulico mixto, para la aplicación en sistemas de frenos en grúas puentes o lo similar, se la describirá de acuerdo a las figuras que forman parte integral de la invención, sin que ello signifique restringirlos a modificaciones obvias que pudiesen surgir, en donde: To better understand the essential characteristics of the mixed hydraulic cylinder, for application in brake systems on bridge cranes or the like, it will be described according to the figures that are an integral part of the invention, without this meaning restricting them to obvious modifications that could arise, where:
La Figura 1 muestra vista general del sistema de frenos para grúas puentes con telecomando remoto o maquinaria pesada similar, dispuesto con el cilindro hidráulico mixto de la invención.
La Figura 2 muestra una vista en perspectiva en despiece del cilindro hidráulico mixto para frenos en grúas puente o maquinaria pesada similar con telecomando de la invención. Figure 1 shows an overview of the brake system for bridge cranes with remote remote control or similar heavy machinery, arranged with the mixed hydraulic cylinder of the invention. Figure 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the mixed hydraulic cylinder for brakes on bridge cranes or similar heavy machinery with remote control of the invention.
La Figura 3 muestra una vista en perspectiva del cilindro hidráulico mixto para frenos en grúas puente con telecomando o maquinaria pesada similar de la invención. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the mixed hydraulic cylinder for brakes on bridge cranes with remote control or similar heavy machinery of the invention.
La Figura 4 muestra una vista frontal interior del funcionamiento de una de las cámaras del cilindro hidráulico mixto, para frenos en grúas puentes con telecomando o maquinaria pesada similar. Figure 4 shows an internal front view of the operation of one of the chambers of the mixed hydraulic cylinder, for brakes on bridge cranes with remote control or similar heavy machinery.
La Figura 5 muestra una vista frontal interior del funcionamiento de otra cámara del cilindro hidráulico mixto, para frenos en grúas puentes con telecomando o maquinaria pesada similar. Figure 5 shows an internal front view of the operation of another chamber of the mixed hydraulic cylinder, for brakes on bridge cranes with remote control or similar heavy machinery.
Descripción de la Invención Description of the Invention
De acuerdo a las figuras 1 a 5, el cilindro hidráulico mixto para frenos en grúas puentes con telecomando remoto, se da en el contexto de un sistema de frenos (según figura 1) con dos accionamientos, uno por un pedal (6) sobre una bomba de frenos (7) que funciona con líquido de frenos (en el prototipo se usó DOT 3 para los de base sintética), y el otro igual por un pedal (3), pero con un sistema electrohidráulico para telecomando (4) que funciona con el líquido hidráulico de base mineral. Ya que existe incompatibilidad entre los líquidos utilizados por las fuentes de energía hidráulicas (4) y (7), no se puede utilizar un cilindro hidráulico que permita el contacto entre ellos, ya que al mezclarse los líquidos pierden sus propiedades (trasmitir presión, lubricar y refrigerar, por ejemplo).
El cilindro mixto (1 ), puede trabajar con dos fuentes de energía hidráulica que trabajen con distintos líquidos, sean o no sean compatibles. Dicho cilindro mixto (1 ) está conformado con dos cámaras (16) y (21 ) que están aisladas entre ellas, pero que cumplen con el objetivo de generar el desplazamiento lineal de un émbolo (14), ver figura 2. According to figures 1 to 5, the mixed hydraulic cylinder for brakes on bridge cranes with remote telecommand is given in the context of a brake system (according to figure 1) with two drives, one by a pedal (6) on a brake pump (7) that works with brake fluid (in the prototype DOT 3 was used for synthetic ones), and the other one with a pedal (3), but with an electro-hydraulic system for remote control (4) that works with the mineral-based hydraulic fluid. Since there is incompatibility between the liquids used by the hydraulic energy sources (4) and (7), a hydraulic cylinder that allows contact between them cannot be used, since when the liquids are mixed they lose their properties (transmit pressure, lubricate and refrigerate, for example). The mixed cylinder (1), can work with two sources of hydraulic energy that work with different liquids, whether or not they are compatible. Said mixed cylinder (1) is made up of two chambers (16) and (21) that are insulated between them, but that fulfill the objective of generating the linear displacement of a plunger (14), see figure 2.
Los líquidos con los cuales trabaja (sintético y mineral) el cilindro mixto (1 ), no se mezclarán en ningún caso en alguna de las cámaras (16) y (21 ). En el caso de la primera cámara (16), si por desgaste o exceso de presión se pasa un sello de copa (13) y un O ' rings (12), el fluido se va a perder por la zona que le presente menor resistencia, la tolerancia entre el émbolo (14) y una base del cilindro (8). Además un O ' rings (10) el que también sirve para impedir que el líquido pase a la segunda cámara (21 ). Si se da el caso de fuga de líquido a la segunda cámara (21 ), el fluido se va a perder por la tolerancia entre el émbolo (14) y la base del cilindro (8), igual que en el caso anterior. Los medios que conforman el cilindro mixto (1 ), permite una retroalimentación visual del estado de unos sellos de copa (9) y (13) y los O ' rings (10) y (12), ya que si están en mal estado habrá pérdida de líquido hidráulico, recordando que es lo que tiende a fallar comúnmente en los cilind ros hidráulicos. The liquids with which the mixed cylinder (1) works (synthetic and mineral) will not be mixed in any case in any of the chambers (16) and (21). In the case of the first chamber (16), if a cup seal (13) and an O 'rings (12) are passed due to wear or excess pressure, the fluid will be lost through the area that presents the least resistance , the tolerance between the piston (14) and a cylinder base (8). In addition an O 'rings (10) which also serves to prevent the liquid from entering the second chamber (21). If the second chamber (21) leaks, the fluid will be lost due to the tolerance between the piston (14) and the cylinder base (8), as in the previous case. The means that make up the mixed cylinder (1), allows a visual feedback of the state of cup seals (9) and (13) and the O 'rings (10) and (12), since if they are in bad condition there will be loss of hydraulic fluid, remembering what tends to fail commonly in hydraulic cylinders.
El funcionamiento de la primera cámara (16) y la segunda cámara (21 ) del cilindro mixto (1 ), puede ser por separado o en conjunto, esto significa que puede funcionar la primera cámara (16) aunque la segunda cámara no esté accionada o presente fallas y viceversa. En el caso que se quiera trabajar al mismo tiempo con ambas cámaras, se conseguirá que la fuerza generada por el cilindro mixto (1 ) aumente, ya que el área efectiva del pistón aumentará, ver figuras 4 y 5.
El sello de copa (1 3) es apto para trabajar con el líquido de freno DOT 3, ya que está fabricado de EPDM. El sello de copa (9) es apto para trabajar con el líquido hidráulico ISO VG 46, ya que está fabricado de Poliuretano. Cabe destacar que la cámara uno (16) acondicionada para trabajar con líquido de frenos de base sintética, podría ser utilizada para trabajar con líquido hidráulico de base mineral cambiando el sello de copa (13) y el O ' rings (12). También se puede hacer este cambio en la segunda cámara (21 ). El sello de copa (13) y el O ' rings (12), van instalados en unas ranuras (17) y (18) respectivamente, para evitar que se muevan de su posición de trabajo. Para el mismo propósito, el sello de copa (9) y el O ' rings (10), van instalados en unas ranuras (20) y (19) respectivamente. The operation of the first chamber (16) and the second chamber (21) of the mixed cylinder (1), can be separately or together, this means that the first chamber (16) can work even if the second chamber is not activated or present failures and vice versa. In the case that you want to work with both chambers at the same time, you will get the force generated by the mixed cylinder (1) to increase, since the effective area of the piston will increase, see figures 4 and 5. The cup seal (1 3) is suitable for working with DOT 3 brake fluid, as it is made of EPDM. The cup seal (9) is suitable for working with the ISO VG 46 hydraulic fluid, since it is made of polyurethane. It should be noted that chamber one (16) conditioned to work with synthetic-based brake fluid could be used to work with mineral-based hydraulic fluid by changing the cup seal (13) and the O 'rings (12). This change can also be made in the second chamber (21). The cup seal (13) and the O 'rings (12), are installed in grooves (17) and (18) respectively, to prevent them from moving from their working position. For the same purpose, the cup seal (9) and the O 'rings (10), are installed in slots (20) and (19) respectively.
El cilindro mixto (1 ) cuenta con dos puntos de anclaje (15) y (22) para ser instalado en el lugar de trabajo. Estos puntos (15) y (22) tienen la característica de ser de fijación oscilante, pero si se requiere cambiar esta condición basta con solo modificar la conformación del anclaje (15) y (22) del cilindro mixto (1 ). The mixed cylinder (1) has two anchor points (15) and (22) to be installed in the workplace. These points (15) and (22) have the characteristic of being of oscillating fixation, but if it is required to change this condition, it is enough to only modify the conformation of the anchor (15) and (22) of the mixed cylinder (1).
Funcionamiento del cilindro mixto Mixed cylinder operation
El cilindro mixto (1 ) tiene la particularidad de tener las dos cámaras aisladas (16) y (21 ), con el objetivo de ser accionados, enviando presión por los puntos de conexionado roscado NPT (2) y (5) de forma separada o conjunta, obteniendo en ambos casos el desplazamiento lineal del émbolo (14) del cilindro mixto (1 ) The mixed cylinder (1) has the particularity of having the two insulated chambers (16) and (21), in order to be operated, sending pressure through the threaded connection points NPT (2) and (5) separately or together, obtaining in both cases the linear displacement of the piston (14) of the mixed cylinder (1)
Al aplicar presión hidráulica por el punto de conexión roscado tipo NPT (5), se va a distribuir la presión hidráulica en la cámara uno (16) generando el desplazamiento lineal del émbolo (14), dado que un pistón (1 1 ) se va a apoyar en la base del cilindro (8) y el único extremo libre será el émbolo (14).
Al aplicar presión hidráulica por el punto de conexión roscado tipo NPT (2), se va a distribuir la presión hidráulica en la segunda cámara (21) generando el desplazamiento lineal del émbolo (14), dado que el pistón (11) se va a apoyar en el émbolo (14), siendo el único extremo libre para desplazarse. When applying hydraulic pressure through the threaded connection point type NPT (5), the hydraulic pressure will be distributed in chamber one (16) generating the linear displacement of the piston (14), given that a piston (1 1) leaves to rest on the base of the cylinder (8) and the only free end will be the piston (14). When applying hydraulic pressure through the threaded connection point type NPT (2), the hydraulic pressure will be distributed in the second chamber (21) generating the linear displacement of the piston (14), since the piston (11) is going to rest on the plunger (14), being the only free end to move.
Dado a las propiedades de los medios que conforman el cilindro mixto de la invención, las presiones de las fuentes de energía hidráulica (4) y (7) son equivalente, se genera mayor fuerza de compresión con la segunda cámara (21), ya que su área efectiva es mayor, según la expresión matemática para la fuerza: Given the properties of the means that make up the mixed cylinder of the invention, the pressures of the hydraulic energy sources (4) and (7) are equivalent, greater compression force is generated with the second chamber (21), since its effective area is greater, according to the mathematical expression for force:
F =PA F = PA
Donde, Where,
F = Fuerza F = Strength
P= Presión P = Pressure
A= Área efectiva
A = Effective area
Claims
1 . - Cilindro hidráulico mixto para la aplicación en un sistema de frenos, en grúas puentes de telecomando u otros equipos pesados de la industria telecomandados, con dos accionamientos, uno por un pedal sobre una bomba de freno, que funcione con líquido de frenos de base sintética, y el otro con un sistema electrohidráulico, que acciona un segundo sistema hidráulico, CARACTERIZADO porque está conformado un cuerpo base (8) y un émbolo (14), el cual se desplaza en forma lineal por el interior del cuerpo base (8); y ambos cuerpos (8) y (9), conforman una primera cámara (16) y una segunda cámara (21 ) siendo aisladas entre ellas, lo que permite que el cilindro hidraúlico mixto (1 ), pueda trabajar con dos fuentes de energía hidraúlica con distinto tipos de líquidos (sintético y mineral), sean o no sean compatibles; además dicho cilindro mixto está provisto con un pistón (1 1 ), el cual presenta en un extremo, dos cuerpos ranurados (17), (18) y el otro extremo también presenta dos cuerpo ranurados (19) y (20); con la diferencia que estos últimos cuerpos, son de mayor diámetro que los del extremo opuesto del pistón (1 1 ), ya que el cuerpo base (8) de dicho cilindro hidraúlico mixto (1 ), presenta mayor diámetro que el émbolo (14); para evitar la mezcla de líquidos (sintético y mineral) entre las cámaras (16) y (21 ), los cuerpos ranurados del pistón (1 1 ) presentan unos O ' rings (10) y (12) y unos sellos de copa (9) y (13), los cuales se sitúan en los extremos del cuerpo base y del émbolo (14) del cilindro hidraúlico mixto. one . - Mixed hydraulic cylinder for application in a brake system, in telecommand bridge cranes or other heavy equipment in the telecommanded industry, with two drives, one by a pedal on a brake pump, which works with synthetic-based brake fluid , and the other with an electro-hydraulic system, which drives a second hydraulic system, CHARACTERIZED because a base body (8) and a plunger (14) are formed, which moves linearly through the interior of the base body (8); and both bodies (8) and (9), make up a first chamber (16) and a second chamber (21) being isolated between them, which allows the mixed hydraulic cylinder (1), to work with two sources of hydraulic energy with different types of liquids (synthetic and mineral), whether or not they are compatible; furthermore said mixed cylinder is provided with a piston (1 1), which has at one end, two grooved bodies (17), (18) and the other end also has two grooved bodies (19) and (20); with the difference that these last bodies, are of greater diameter than those of the opposite end of the piston (1 1), since the base body (8) of said mixed hydraulic cylinder (1), has a larger diameter than the piston (14) ; To avoid mixing liquids (synthetic and mineral) between the chambers (16) and (21), the grooved bodies of the piston (1 1) have O 'rings (10) and (12) and cup seals (9 ) and (13), which are located at the ends of the base body and the plunger (14) of the mixed hydraulic cylinder.
2. - Cilindro hidráulico mixto para la aplicación en un sistema de frenos, en grúas puentes de telecomando u otros equipos pesados de la industria telecomandados, según la
reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque cilindro hidráulico mixto, cuenta con dos puntos de anclaje estremos (15) y (22), los que tienen la característica de fijación oscilante y al mismo tiempo poseen puntos de conexión roscado (2) y (5), donde pueden ser accionados enviando presión en forma separada o conjunta, obteniendo en ambos casos el desplazmiento lineal del émbolo (14). 2. - Mixed hydraulic cylinder for application in a brake system, in telecommand bridge cranes or other heavy equipment of the telecommanded industry, according to the claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because a mixed hydraulic cylinder has two standard anchor points (15) and (22), which have the characteristic of oscillating fixing and at the same time have threaded connection points (2) and (5), where they can be operated by sending pressure separately or together, obtaining in both cases the linear displacement of the plunger (14).
3.- Cilindro hidráulico mixto para la aplicación en un sistema de frenos, en grúas puentes de telecomando u otros equipos pesados de la industria telecomandados, según la reivindicación 1 , CARACTERIZADO porque las cámaras (16) y (21 ) del cilindro hidráulico mixto (1 ) son aisladas, con el objetivo de ser accionado mediante presión por los puntos de conexionado roscado (2) y (5) de forma separada o conjunto, obteniendo el desplazamiento lineal del émbolo (14).
3.- Mixed hydraulic cylinder for application in a brake system, in telecommand bridge cranes or other heavy equipment of the telecommanded industry, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the chambers (16) and (21) of the mixed hydraulic cylinder ( 1) are isolated, with the aim of being operated by pressure by the threaded connection points (2) and (5) separately or together, obtaining the linear displacement of the plunger (14).
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PCT/CL2014/000005 WO2015113174A1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2014-01-31 | Dual-cylinder servomotor for braking systems |
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PCT/CL2014/000005 WO2015113174A1 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2014-01-31 | Dual-cylinder servomotor for braking systems |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20150314761A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-11-05 | Vhit S.P.A. | Hydraulic braking system for farm tractors or the like and method of managing such system |
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US3252680A (en) * | 1962-08-21 | 1966-05-24 | Electro Hydraulics Ltd | Roof supports |
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US5341725A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1994-08-30 | Dick James B | Twin piston power cylinder |
EP1283370A2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-12 | Bosch Rexroth AG | Hydraulic actuating device, especially for the pitch change in wind turbines |
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2014
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3252680A (en) * | 1962-08-21 | 1966-05-24 | Electro Hydraulics Ltd | Roof supports |
US4531451A (en) * | 1982-09-28 | 1985-07-30 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "S.N.E.C.M.A." | Multiple chamber coaxial hydraulic jack and control system therefor |
US5341725A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1994-08-30 | Dick James B | Twin piston power cylinder |
EP1283370A2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-12 | Bosch Rexroth AG | Hydraulic actuating device, especially for the pitch change in wind turbines |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20150314761A1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-11-05 | Vhit S.P.A. | Hydraulic braking system for farm tractors or the like and method of managing such system |
US9421954B2 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2016-08-23 | Vhit S.P.A. | Hydraulic braking system for farm tractors or the like and method of managing such system |
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