WO2015111649A1 - Vehicle lighting fixture - Google Patents

Vehicle lighting fixture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015111649A1
WO2015111649A1 PCT/JP2015/051653 JP2015051653W WO2015111649A1 WO 2015111649 A1 WO2015111649 A1 WO 2015111649A1 JP 2015051653 W JP2015051653 W JP 2015051653W WO 2015111649 A1 WO2015111649 A1 WO 2015111649A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
excitation light
optical
scanning
wide
hot
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/051653
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
谷田　安
洋 平澤
Original Assignee
スタンレー電気株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by スタンレー電気株式会社 filed Critical スタンレー電気株式会社
Publication of WO2015111649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015111649A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/60—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution
    • F21S41/67—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution by acting on reflectors
    • F21S41/675—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by a variable light distribution by acting on reflectors by moving reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/16—Laser light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/176—Light sources where the light is generated by photoluminescent material spaced from a primary light generating element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/19—Attachment of light sources or lamp holders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/255—Lenses with a front view of circular or truncated circular outline
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/25—Projection lenses
    • F21S41/265—Composite lenses; Lenses with a patch-like shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S41/29—Attachment thereof
    • F21S41/295—Attachment thereof specially adapted to projection lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
    • F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vehicular lamp, and more particularly to a vehicular lamp that uses a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scan excitation light.
  • FIG. 37 is a schematic view of a conventional vehicular lamp.
  • a plurality of optical polarizers 514a, 514b, and 514c that scan excitation light two-dimensionally, and excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned by the plurality of optical polarizers 514a, 514b, and 514c.
  • a plurality of fluorescent materials 520a, 520b, and 520c (wavelength conversion members) in which a light intensity distribution is formed by drawing a two-dimensional image, and a plurality of fluorescent materials provided corresponding to the plurality of fluorescent materials 520a, 520b, and 520c.
  • a plurality of projection lenses 524a, 524b, and 524c that form a predetermined light distribution pattern 526 by projecting the luminous intensity distribution formed on the corresponding phosphor among the plurality of fluorescent materials 520a, 520b, and 520c. are proposed (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
  • the vehicular lamp configured as described above uses a plurality of fluorescent materials 520a, 520b, and 520c (wavelength conversion members) and a plurality of projection lenses 524a, 524b, and 524c. There is a problem that it is difficult to make the system compact, and the cost is increased.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and in a vehicle lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans excitation light, it is possible to reduce the size and increase the cost.
  • the purpose is to reduce the number of parts that are a factor.
  • the invention according to the first aspect is provided in correspondence with the plurality of excitation light sources and the plurality of excitation light sources in a vehicle lamp configured to form a predetermined light distribution pattern.
  • a plurality of optical polarizers including a mirror unit that two-dimensionally scans the excitation light incident from a corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction;
  • a wavelength conversion member including a plurality of scanning regions provided corresponding to the plurality of optical polarizers, and is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror section of each of the plurality of optical polarizers.
  • the number of parts that can be made compact and increase the cost is reduced. It becomes possible to reduce.
  • one wavelength conversion member and one optical system are provided for a plurality of optical polarizers. This is due to the use.
  • a predetermined light distribution pattern for example, a relatively high luminous intensity
  • a predetermined light distribution pattern having a relatively high central luminous intensity and excellent distant visibility can be formed.
  • the predetermined luminous intensity distribution pattern is formed by projecting a luminous intensity distribution formed in each of the plurality of scanning regions and having a relatively high luminous intensity. It is due to that.
  • the invention according to a second aspect is characterized in that, in the invention according to the first aspect, the plurality of excitation light sources are semiconductor light emitting elements that emit excitation light or emission end faces of an optical fiber that emits excitation light. To do.
  • a vehicular lamp using a semiconductor light emitting element that emits excitation light or an emission end face of an optical fiber that emits excitation light can be configured as a plurality of excitation light sources.
  • an excitation light source that emits excitation light introduced from an incident end face of the optical fiber by using an emission end face of an optical fiber that emits excitation light as a plurality of excitation light sources is used as a vehicle lamp (vehicle lamp body).
  • vehicle lamp can be further reduced in size and weight.
  • the invention according to a third aspect is the invention according to the first or second aspect, wherein the plurality of optical polarizers include a first optical polarizer, a second optical polarizer, and a third optical polarizer,
  • the plurality of scanning regions are a first scanning region, a second scanning region that is smaller than the first scanning region and overlaps the first scanning region, a smaller size than the second scanning region, and the second scanning region.
  • the first optical polarizer includes an overlapping third scanning region, and the first optical polarizer is driven by excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror unit of the first optical polarizer.
  • the first light intensity distribution is formed in the first scanning region by drawing the first two-dimensional image
  • the second light polarizer is horizontally and vertically driven by the mirror part of the second light polarizer.
  • the first scanning region is driven by the excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned.
  • a second light intensity distribution having a light intensity higher than that of the first light intensity distribution is formed in the second scanning region by drawing the second two-dimensional image in a state of being overlapped with a part of the three-dimensional image
  • the third light polarizer Is a part of the first two-dimensional image and the second second image in the third scanning region by excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror unit of the third optical polarizer.
  • a third light intensity distribution having a light intensity higher than that of the second light intensity distribution is formed in the third scanning region by drawing the third two-dimensional image in a state of overlapping a part of the two-dimensional image.
  • a part of the light intensity is relatively high, and the light intensity increases toward the periphery from there.
  • Predetermined light distribution pattern that decreases in a gradation for example, a predetermined light distribution pattern that has a relatively high central luminous intensity and that decreases in a gradation as it goes from there to the surroundings. ) Can be formed.
  • the second scanning area is smaller than the first scanning area and overlaps the first scanning area
  • the third scanning area is smaller than the second scanning area and overlaps the second scanning area.
  • the first luminous intensity distribution formed in the first scanning area, the second luminous intensity distribution formed in the second scanning area, and the third luminous intensity distribution formed in the third scanning area increase in luminous intensity in this order and have a small size.
  • the predetermined light distribution pattern projects the first luminous intensity distribution, the second luminous intensity distribution, and the third luminous intensity distribution formed in the first scanning area, the second scanning area, and the third scanning area, respectively. It is because it is formed by.
  • the invention according to a fourth aspect is the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the optical system, the wavelength conversion member, and the plurality of optical polarizers are in this order along the reference axis.
  • the plurality of excitation light sources are arranged so as to surround the reference axis in a posture in which each excitation light is inclined backward and toward the reference axis.
  • excitation light from a corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources is incident on each mirror unit, and excitation light as reflected light from each mirror unit is the plurality of excitation light sources.
  • the plurality of excitation light sources are arranged closer to the reference axis and surrounding the reference axis so as to go to the corresponding scanning area in the scanning area.
  • the fourth aspect of the invention in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans excitation light, it is possible to reduce the size and increase the number of parts that cause an increase in cost. It becomes possible to reduce.
  • the invention according to a fifth aspect further includes a plurality of reflecting surfaces provided corresponding to the plurality of excitation light sources in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the optical The system, the wavelength conversion member, and the plurality of optical polarizers are arranged in this order along the reference axis, and the plurality of excitation light sources are arranged such that each excitation light is directed forward and closer to the reference axis.
  • each of the plurality of reflecting surfaces receives excitation light from a corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources, and The excitation light as the reflected light from the reflection surface is arranged so as to be rearward and inclined toward the reference axis, closer to the reference axis than the plurality of excitation light sources, and surrounding the reference axis.
  • excitation light as reflected light from a corresponding reflecting surface among the plurality of reflecting surfaces is incident on each mirror unit, and excitation light as reflected light from each mirror unit. Is arranged so as to be closer to the reference axis than the plurality of reflecting surfaces and to surround the reference axis so as to go to the corresponding scanning area among the plurality of scanning areas.
  • the number of components that can be made compact and increase the cost is reduced. It becomes possible to reduce.
  • the invention according to a sixth aspect is the invention according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the optical system is a projection lens, and the projection lens has an aberration so that an image plane is a plane.
  • the wavelength conversion member is configured in a flat plate shape and is arranged along the image plane.
  • the wavelength conversion member has a flat plate shape, its manufacture becomes easier as compared with the case where the wavelength conversion member has a curved surface shape. Furthermore, since the wavelength conversion member has a flat plate shape, it is easier to draw a two-dimensional image than when the wavelength conversion member has a curved surface shape.
  • the invention according to a seventh aspect is the invention according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the plurality of optical polarizers are arranged so as to surround the mirror part and the mirror part, respectively.
  • a movable frame that supports the mirror portion so as to reciprocately swing around the first axis, and is arranged so as to surround the movable frame, and can reciprocally swing around a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis.
  • a pedestal that supports the movable frame, a first piezoelectric actuator that reciprocally swings the mirror portion about the first axis with respect to the movable frame by resonance driving, and the movable frame and
  • a single-axis non-resonant / single-axis resonance type optical polarizer comprising: a second piezoelectric actuator that reciprocally swings the mirror portion supported by the movable frame about the second axis with respect to the pedestal.
  • the plurality of light polarizations Vessels respectively the first axis is included in a vertical plane, the second axis, characterized in that it is arranged in a state of being included in the horizontal plane.
  • a predetermined width that is wide in the horizontal direction and thin in the vertical direction is required for a vehicle headlamp.
  • a light distribution pattern (a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern) can be easily formed (drawn).
  • the invention according to an eighth aspect is characterized in that, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, the distance between each of the plurality of optical polarizers and the wavelength conversion member is the same.
  • each scanning region is changed.
  • the sizes of (each two-dimensional image) can be different from each other.
  • the invention according to a ninth aspect is characterized in that, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, distances between the plurality of optical polarizers and the wavelength conversion member are different from each other.
  • each scanning region is changed by changing the distance between each optical polarizer (center of the mirror portion) and the wavelength conversion member. Can be different from each other.
  • the present invention in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans excitation light, it is possible to reduce the size and reduce the number of components that cause an increase in cost. It becomes.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201.
  • FIG. It is a figure of the state which has not applied the voltage to the 1st piezoelectric actuator 203,204. It is a figure of the state which is applying the voltage to the 1st piezoelectric actuator 203,204. It is a figure of the state which has not applied the voltage to the 2nd piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206.
  • FIG. It is a figure of the state which has applied the voltage to the 2nd piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206.
  • FIG. It is a figure of the state which has applied the voltage to the 2nd piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test system. It is the graph which plotted the experimental result (measurement result). It is a graph showing the relationship between the swing angle of the mirror part 202 and a frequency.
  • 2 is a configuration example of a control system that controls the excitation light source 12 and the optical polarizer 201.
  • FIG. 11 represents a state in which the excitation light source 12 (laser light) is modulated at the modulation frequency f L (25 MHz) in synchronization with the reciprocating swing of the mirror unit 202, and the middle stage in FIG. 11 represents the first piezoelectric actuator 203.
  • the first and second AC voltages (for example, a 25 MHz sine wave) are applied, and the lower part of FIG. 11 shows the third AC voltage (for example, a 55 Hz sawtooth wave) for the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. ) Is applied.
  • the figure shows the details of the first and second AC voltages (for example, a 25 MHz sine wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
  • the details of the third AC voltage (for example, 55 Hz sawtooth wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 and the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light) are shown.
  • FIG. 1 It is an example of the scanning pattern of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). It is an example of the scanning pattern of the vertical direction of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). It is an example of the scanning pattern of the vertical direction of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). 2 is a perspective view of a biaxial non-resonant type optical polarizer 161.
  • FIG. 1 It is an example of the scanning pattern of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). It is an example of the scanning pattern of the vertical direction of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction).
  • 2 is a perspective view of a biaxial non-resonant type optical
  • the details of the first AC voltage (for example, 6 kHz sawtooth wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 163 and 164 and the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light) are shown.
  • the details of the third AC voltage (for example, a 60 Hz sawtooth wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 165 and 166 and the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light) are shown. It is a top view of 201 A of biaxial resonance type optical polarizers.
  • the details of the first AC voltage (for example, a sine wave of 24 kHz) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 15a and 15b, the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like are shown.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature change, resonance frequency, and mechanical swing angle (half angle) about the first axis X1 of the mirror section 202.
  • It is the schematic of the vehicle lamp 300 which is 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
  • 1 is a perspective view of a vehicular lamp 300.
  • FIG. 24 is a 23-23 cross-sectional view of the vehicular lamp 300 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 24 is a 23-23 cross-sectional perspective view of the vehicular lamp 300 shown in FIG. 23.
  • (A) is a front view of the wavelength conversion member 18, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a side view.
  • 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the mechanical deflection angle (half angle) of the mirror unit 202 around the first axis X1 and the drive voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204.
  • 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the mechanical deflection angle (half angle) of the mirror unit 202 around the second axis X2 and the drive voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206.
  • the scanning regions A Wide , A Mid It is the table
  • the scanning regions A Wide , A Mid It is the table
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a vehicular lamp 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vehicular lamp 10 two-dimensionally (in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction) the excitation light Ray from the excitation light source 12 and the excitation light source 12 collected by the condenser lens 14.
  • the vehicle headlamp includes a projection lens 20 that projects a two-dimensional image drawn on the wavelength conversion member 18 forward.
  • the optical polarizer 201, the wavelength conversion member 18, and the projection lens 20 receive excitation light Ray from the excitation light source 12 that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal and vertical directions).
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 is disposed so as to be transmitted from the rear surface 18a to the front surface 18b. That is, the optical polarizer 201 is disposed on the rear side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18, and the projection lens 20 is disposed on the front side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18.
  • Such an arrangement is called a transmission type.
  • the excitation light source 12 may be disposed on the rear side or the front side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18.
  • the projection lens 20 is configured as a projection lens including four lenses 20A to 20D, but the projection lens 20 may be configured as a projection lens including one aspheric lens. Good.
  • the optical polarizer 201, the wavelength conversion member 18, and the projection lens 20 include excitation light from the excitation light source 12 that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal and vertical directions).
  • the Ray may be disposed so as to enter the front surface 18 b of the wavelength conversion member 18. That is, both the optical polarizer 201 and the projection lens 20 may be disposed on the front side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18.
  • Such an arrangement is called a reflection type.
  • the excitation light source 12 may be disposed on the rear side or the front side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18.
  • the projection lens 20 is configured as a projection lens composed of one aspheric lens, but the projection lens 20 may be configured as a projection lens composed of a plurality of lens groups.
  • the excitation light source 12 is, for example, a semiconductor light emitting element such as a laser diode (LD) that emits laser light in a blue region (for example, emission wavelength is 450 nm) as excitation light.
  • the excitation light source 12 may be a semiconductor light emitting element such as a laser diode that emits laser light in the near ultraviolet region (for example, the emission wavelength is 405 nm).
  • the excitation light source 12 may be an LED (Light (Emitting Diode). Excitation light from the excitation light source 12 is condensed (for example, collimated) by the condenser lens 14 and enters the optical polarizer 201 (mirror part).
  • the wavelength converting member 18 has an outer shape that receives laser light as excitation light that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) and converts at least part of the laser light into light of different wavelengths. Is a rectangular plate-shaped (or layered) wavelength conversion member.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 is disposed in the vicinity of the focal point F of the projection lens 20 with the periphery along the outer shape of the rear surface 18 a fixed to the frame body 22.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 is disposed in the vicinity of the focal point F of the projection lens 20 with the rear surface 18 a fixed to the support 46.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 is a plate having a rectangular outer shape that is excited by blue laser light and emits yellow light. Or a layered phosphor) is used.
  • a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern is drawn as a white image by laser light in a blue region that is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by the optical polarizer 201. .
  • the two-dimensional image is drawn as a white image when the laser beam in the blue region is irradiated, the wavelength conversion member 18 emits light by the laser beam in the blue region and the laser beam in the blue region that transmits the yellow light (yellow). This is due to the emission of white light (pseudo white light) by color mixing with the light.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 is excited by near-ultraviolet laser light and emits light of three colors, red, green, and blue.
  • a plate-shaped (or layered) phosphor having a rectangular outer shape for emitting light is used.
  • a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern is drawn as a white image on the wavelength conversion member 18 by a near-ultraviolet laser beam scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by the optical polarizer 201.
  • the two-dimensional image is drawn as a white image when the near-ultraviolet laser light is irradiated, the wavelength conversion member 18 emits light by the near-ultraviolet laser light (red, green, and blue). This is due to the emission of white light (pseudo white light) due to the color mixture of the light.
  • the projection lens 20 is a projection lens composed of a group of four lenses 20A to 20D in which aberration (field curvature) is corrected (and chromatic aberration is corrected) so that the image plane is flat. It is configured.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 has a flat plate shape and is disposed along the image plane (plane).
  • the focal point F of the projection lens 20 is located in the vicinity of the wavelength conversion member 18.
  • the projection lens 20 can eliminate the influence of aberrations on the predetermined light distribution pattern as compared with the case of using a single convex lens.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 has a flat plate shape, its manufacture becomes easier as compared with the case where the wavelength conversion member 18 has a curved surface shape.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 has a flat plate shape, it is easier to draw a two-dimensional image than when the wavelength conversion member 18 has a curved surface shape.
  • the projection lens 20 may be configured as a projection lens composed of a single aspheric lens whose aberration (field curvature) is not corrected so that the image plane is flat.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 has a curved shape corresponding to the curvature of field, and is disposed along the curvature of field.
  • the focal point F of the projection lens 20 is located in the vicinity of the wavelength conversion member 18.
  • the projection lens 20 projects a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern drawn on the wavelength conversion member 18 to the front, and a virtual vertical screen facing the vehicle lamp 10 (about 25 m ahead of the vehicle lamp 10).
  • a predetermined light distribution pattern (such as a low beam light distribution pattern or a high beam light distribution pattern).
  • the optical polarizer 201 scans the excitation light Ray from the excitation light source 12 condensed (for example, collimated) by the condenser lens two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction).
  • the optical polarizer 201 is, for example, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) scanner.
  • the driving method of the optical polarizer is roughly classified into a piezoelectric method, an electrostatic method, and an electromagnetic method, and any method may be used.
  • a piezoelectric optical polarizer will be described as a representative.
  • the piezoelectric method is roughly classified into a uniaxial non-resonant type, a uniaxial resonant type, a biaxial non-resonant type, and a biaxial resonant type, but any method may be used.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201.
  • a uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201 drives a mirror unit 202 (also referred to as a MEMS mirror) and the mirror unit 202 via torsion bars 211a and 211b.
  • Mirror portion 202 has a circular shape, and torsion bars 211a and 211b extending outward from both ends thereof are connected. Moreover, semicircular arc-shaped first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are provided with a gap therebetween so as to surround the mirror portion 202. The first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are connected so that one end of each is opposed to sandwich the one torsion bar 211a, and the other end is coupled to face each other across the other torsion bar 211b. ing.
  • first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are supported by being connected to a movable frame 212 provided outside the center position of the arc portion so as to surround the mirror portion 202 and the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204. Yes.
  • the movable frame 212 has a rectangular shape, and a pair of both sides in a direction orthogonal to the torsion bars 211a and 211b are connected to the tip portions of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 facing each other with the movable frame 212 interposed therebetween.
  • the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are connected at their base end portions to support base end portions 214 on a base 215 provided so as to surround the movable frame 212 and the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. It is supported.
  • each of the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 includes one piezoelectric cantilever having support bodies 203a and 204a, lower electrodes 203b and 204b, piezoelectric bodies 203c and 204c, and upper electrodes 203d and 204d. ing.
  • the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are connected so that the six piezoelectric cantilevers 205A to 205F and 206A to 206F are folded back at their respective ends, thereby forming a bellows-like piezoelectric actuator as a whole. It is composed.
  • Each of the piezoelectric cantilevers 205A to 205F and 206A to 206F has the same configuration as the piezoelectric cantilevers included in the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204.
  • FIG. 4A and 4B show a 4-4 cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 4A shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, and FIG. 4B shows a state where a voltage is applied.
  • FIG. 5A shows a state where no voltage is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206
  • FIG. 5B shows a state where a voltage is applied.
  • a voltage is applied to the second piezoelectric actuator 206 to bend and deform the odd-numbered piezoelectric cantilevers 206A, 206C, and 206E upward from the movable frame 212 side, and the even-numbered piezoelectric cantilevers 206B, 206D and 206F are bent and deformed downward. Accordingly, in the piezoelectric actuator 206, an angular displacement having a magnitude obtained by adding the magnitudes of the bending deformations of the piezoelectric cantilevers 206A to 206F is generated. The same applies to the second piezoelectric actuator 205.
  • the movable frame 212 (and the mirror unit 202 held by the movable frame 212) rotate about the second axis X2 perpendicular to the first axis X1 with respect to the pedestal 215.
  • the first axis X1 and the second axis X2 are orthogonal to each other at the center (center of gravity) of the mirror unit 202.
  • Reference numeral 214 is integrally formed as a single support by shaping the silicon substrate. Further, the pedestal 215 is also formed from a silicon substrate, and is formed integrally with the one support by shaping the silicon substrate. The technique for processing the shape of the silicon substrate in this way is described in detail in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-40240.
  • a gap is provided between the mirror unit 202 and the movable frame 212, and the mirror unit 202 can swing up to a predetermined angle with respect to the movable frame 212 about the first axis X1.
  • a gap is provided between the movable frame 212 and the pedestal 215, and the movable frame 212 (and the mirror unit 202 supported by the movable frame 212) swings with respect to the pedestal 215 to a predetermined angle about the second axis X2. It is possible.
  • the optical polarizer 201 includes electrode sets 207 and 208 for applying a driving voltage to each of the piezoelectric actuators 203 to 206.
  • One electrode set 207 applies an upper electrode pad 207a for applying a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 203 and an odd-numbered piezoelectric cantilever 205A, 205C, 205E from the tip of the second piezoelectric actuator 205.
  • the other electrode set 208 is driven by the upper electrode pad 208a for applying a driving voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 204 and the odd-numbered piezoelectric cantilevers 206A, 206C, 206E from the tip of the second piezoelectric actuator 206.
  • a common lower electrode 208d used as a common lower electrode of the three upper electrode pads 208a to 208c.
  • a first AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 203
  • a second AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 204.
  • the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage are AC voltages (for example, sine waves) that are opposite in phase or out of phase with each other.
  • an AC voltage having a frequency near the mechanical resonance frequency (primary resonance point) of the mirror unit 202 including the torsion bars 211a and 211b is applied to drive the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 to resonance.
  • the mirror unit 202 reciprocally swings around the first axis X1 with respect to the movable frame 212, and the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror unit 202 is in the first direction (for example, the horizontal direction). ).
  • a third AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206, respectively.
  • an AC voltage having a frequency lower than a predetermined value smaller than a mechanical resonance frequency (primary resonance point) of the movable frame 212 including the mirror unit 202, the torsion bars 211a and 211b, and the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 is applied. This is applied to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner.
  • the mirror unit 202 reciprocally swings around the second axis X2 with respect to the pedestal 215, and the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror unit 202 is in the second direction (for example, the vertical direction). Scanned.
  • the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201 is arranged with the first axis X1 included in the vertical plane and the second axis X2 included in the horizontal plane.
  • the maximum swing around the first axis X ⁇ b> 1 of the mirror unit 202 is greater than the maximum swing angle about the second axis X ⁇ b> 2 of the mirror unit 202.
  • the corner becomes larger.
  • the maximum swing angle about the first axis X1 of the mirror unit 202 is 10 to 10 as shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the reciprocating swing around the second axis X2 of the mirror unit 202 is due to non-resonant driving, so the maximum swing angle of the mirror unit 202 around the second axis X2 is As shown in FIG. 6B, it is about 7 degrees.
  • a predetermined light distribution pattern wide in the horizontal direction and thin in the vertical direction required in the vehicle headlamp ( It is possible to easily form (draw) a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern.
  • the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by driving each of the piezoelectric actuators 203 to 206.
  • the optical polarizer 201 includes an H sensor 220 disposed at the base of the torsion bar 211a on the mirror unit 202 side, and proximal end sides of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 (for example, a piezoelectric cantilever 205F, 206F) is provided.
  • the H sensor 220 is a piezoelectric element (PZT: lead zirconate titanate) similar to the piezoelectric cantilever included in the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, and generates a voltage corresponding to the bending deformation (displacement amount) of the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204.
  • the V sensor 222 is a piezoelectric element (PZT) similar to the piezoelectric cantilever included in the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206, and generates a voltage corresponding to the bending deformation (displacement amount) of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206.
  • the first axis X ⁇ b> 1 of the mirror unit 202 is centered because the natural frequency of the material constituting the optical polarizer 201 changes due to temperature change.
  • the machine swing angle (half angle) changes. This can be suppressed as follows. For example, based on the drive signal (the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204) and the sensor signal (the output of the H sensor 220), the first axis X1 of the mirror unit 202 is centered.
  • the inventors investigated the present application, the first AC voltage to be applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, the desired frequency as the frequency of the second AC voltage, and the third frequency to be applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206.
  • a frequency desirable as an AC voltage will be described.
  • the inventors of the present application conducted experiments and studied the results, and as a result, in the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201 having the above-described configuration, the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204. It has been concluded that the frequency of the AC voltage and the second AC voltage (hereinafter referred to as the horizontal scanning frequency f H ) is preferably about 4 to 30 kHz (sine wave), and more preferably 27 kHz ⁇ 3 kHz (sine wave).
  • the inventors of the present application consider the high beam light distribution pattern and turn it on and off in increments of 0.1 degrees (or less) in the horizontal direction within the range of 15 degrees to the left and 15 degrees to the right with respect to the vertical axis V. It was concluded that it is desirable to set the horizontal resolution (number of pixels) to 300 (or more) so that it can be turned on and off.
  • the inventors of the present application conducted experiments and examined the results, and as a result, in the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201 having the above-described configuration, the inventors applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206.
  • the frequency of the third AC voltage (hereinafter referred to as the vertical scanning frequency f V ) is preferably 55 Hz or more (sawtooth wave), more preferably 55 Hz to 120 Hz (sawtooth wave), and 55 Hz to 100 Hz (sawtooth wave). It has been concluded that 70 Hz ⁇ 10 Hz (sawtooth wave) is particularly desirable.
  • the frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) of the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is 50 Hz or more (sawtooth) It is concluded that 50 Hz to 120 Hz (sawtooth wave) is more desirable, 50 Hz to 100 Hz (sawtooth wave) is more desirable, and in particular 70 Hz ⁇ 10 Hz (sawtooth wave) is desirable. Since the frame rate is dependent on the vertical frequency f V, when the vertical scanning frequency f V of 70 Hz, the frame rate is 70fps.
  • the predetermined light distribution pattern is formed as an image (also referred to as a moving image or video) having a frame rate of 55 fps or higher on the virtual vertical screen.
  • the predetermined light distribution pattern is formed as an image (also referred to as a moving image or a video) having a frame rate of 55 fps to 120 fps on the virtual vertical screen.
  • the predetermined light distribution pattern is formed as an image (also referred to as a moving image or a video) having a frame rate of 55 fps to 100 fps on the virtual vertical screen.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V is 70 Hz ⁇ 10 Hz
  • the predetermined light distribution pattern is formed as an image (also referred to as a moving image or a video) having a frame rate of 70 fps ⁇ 10 fps on the virtual vertical screen.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V is 50 Hz or more, 50 Hz to 120 Hz, 50 Hz to 100 Hz, and 70 Hz ⁇ 10 Hz.
  • the vertical resolution (number of vertical scanning lines) is obtained by the following formula.
  • the desirable vertical scanning frequency f V described above is a frequency that has not been conventionally used in vehicle lamps such as a vehicle headlamp, and has been found as a result of experiments conducted by the inventors of the present application. . That is, conventionally, it has been common technical knowledge to use a frequency of 100 Hz or more in order to suppress flickering in the general lighting field (other than vehicle lamps such as automobile headlamps), and vehicle lamps such as vehicle headlamps. In order to suppress flickering, it is common knowledge to use a frequency of 220 Hz or higher, and the desired vertical scanning frequency f V has not been used at all in conventional vehicle lamps such as a vehicle headlamp. It was.
  • a ministerial ordinance (Ministry of International Trade and Industry No. 85 of 1957) that defines the technical standards for electrical appliances states that “the optical output does not feel flicker”. Is 100 Hz or higher and there is no missing part in the optical output or the repetition frequency is 500 Hz or higher. This ministerial ordinance does not cover vehicle lamps such as automotive headlamps.
  • the frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz.
  • the voltage through the rectifier was repeatedly turned on and off at a frequency of 100 times per second.
  • the change in brightness also occurs with fluorescent lamps, but LED lighting does not have afterglow time like fluorescent lamps, and the brightness changes instantly. It has been introduced that it becomes easy to feel flicker at a frequency of 100 Hz or more.
  • the flickering cycle in which flicker is not felt is set to 100 Hz to 120 Hz (power supply cycle: 50 Hz to 60 Hz).
  • HID metal halide lamp
  • the lighting condition is a rectangular wave of 350 to 500 Hz. This is because sound noise can be heard at 800 Hz or higher, HID luminous efficiency is poor at low frequencies, and life is reduced due to the effect of electrode heating and heating at 150 Hz or lower, preferably 250 Hz or higher. It is said that.
  • flickering can be suppressed by using a frequency of 55 Hz or more (preferably 55 Hz to 120 Hz) as the vertical scanning frequency f V.
  • a frequency of 55 Hz or more preferably 55 Hz to 120 Hz
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the test system.
  • the test system has a movable road model using a rotating belt B that can change the rotation speed (a white line or the like imitating an actual road is drawn on the surface of the rotating belt B).
  • Scale 1/5) and a lamp model M similar to the vehicular lamp 10 capable of changing the output (scanning illuminance) of the excitation light source similar to the excitation light source 12 were used.
  • the rotating belt B was rotated so that each traveling speed (0 km / h, 50 km / h, 100 km / h, 150 km / h, 200 km / h) was obtained, and the vertical scanning frequency that the subject felt that did not flicker It was measured f V. More specifically, the subject changes the vertical scanning frequency f V by dial operation, stop the dial operation where you feel not flicker, to measure the vertical scanning frequency f V at that point in time.
  • FIG. 8 is a graph in which the experimental results (measurement results) are plotted, and shows the relationship between the running speed and the flicker.
  • the vertical axis represents the vertical scanning frequency f V
  • the horizontal axis represents the traveling speed (speed).
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt not to flicker at road surface illuminance (60 lx) and travel speed (0 km / h to 200 km / h) is 55 kHz or more.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V is 55 kHz or more.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt not to flicker at a road surface illuminance (60 lx) and a normal traveling speed (0 km / h to 150 km / h) is 50 kHz or more.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V be 50 kHz or more.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt not to flicker tends to increase.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt to flicker tends to increase.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V that the stop (0 km / h) feels less flickering than when running (50 km / h to 150 km / h) is higher.
  • the vertical scanning frequency at the time of stop is f V 1 and the vertical scanning frequency at the time of traveling is f V 2, it is desirable that the relationship f V 1> f V 2 be satisfied.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt not to flicker at illuminance (60 lx, 300 lx, 2000 lx) and traveling speed (speed: 0 km / h to 200 km / h) should not exceed 70 kHz.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V is set to 70 kHz or more or 70 Hz ⁇ 10 Hz in order to suppress flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp.
  • the inventors of the present application consider a mechanical resonance point (hereinafter referred to as a V-side resonance point) of the movable frame 212 including the mirror unit 202, the torsion bars 211a and 211b, and the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204. Then, the frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) of the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is preferably 120 Hz or less (sawtooth wave), and more preferably 100 Hz or less (sawtooth wave). The conclusion has been reached. The reason is as follows.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the swing angle and frequency of the mirror unit 202, where the vertical axis represents the swing angle and the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the applied voltage (for example, a sine wave or a triangular wave).
  • the V-side resonance point exists in the vicinity of 1000 Hz and 800 Hz.
  • a high voltage of about 45 V is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 (at the time of starting high voltage)
  • the resonance point on the V side exists in the vicinity of 350 Hz and 200 Hz at the maximum swing angle.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V needs to avoid a resonance point on the V side.
  • the frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) of the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is preferably 120 Hz or less (sawtooth wave), and more preferably 100 Hz or less (sawtooth wave). . Further, when the frequency of the third AC voltage (vertical scanning frequency f V ) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 exceeds 120 Hz, the reliability, durability, life, etc. of the optical polarizer 201 are reduced.
  • the frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) of the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is preferably 120 Hz or less (sawtooth wave), and 100 Hz or less (sawtooth wave). Is more desirable.
  • the desirable vertical scanning frequency f V is derived from the knowledge newly found by the inventors of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a configuration example of a control system that controls the excitation light source 12 and the optical polarizer 201.
  • the control system includes a control unit 24, a MEMS power circuit 26, an LD power circuit 28, an imaging device (camera) 30, and an illuminance sensor 32 that are electrically connected to the control unit 24.
  • the MEMS power supply circuit 26 resonates the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 by applying first and second AC voltages (for example, a sine wave of 25 MHz) to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 according to control from the control unit 24.
  • first and second AC voltages for example, a sine wave of 25 MHz
  • the mirror unit 202 is reciprocally swung around the first axis X1, and a third AC voltage (for example, a 55 Hz sawtooth wave) is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to perform the second rotation.
  • the piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 function as piezoelectric actuator control means (or mirror part control means) that reciprocally swings the mirror part 202 about the second axis X2 by driving the piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner.
  • the middle stage in FIG. 11 shows a state in which the first and second AC voltages (for example, a 25 MHz sine wave) are applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, and the lower stage in FIG. 3 illustrates a state in which an alternating voltage (for example, a 55 Hz sawtooth wave) is applied.
  • the upper part of FIG. 11 represents a state in which the excitation light source 12 (laser light) is modulated at the modulation frequency f L (25 MHz) in synchronization with the reciprocating swing of the mirror unit 202.
  • shaded portions indicate that the excitation light source 12 does not emit light.
  • FIG. 12A shows details of first and second AC voltages (for example, a 25 MHz sine wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, an output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
  • FIG. 12B shows details of a third AC voltage (for example, a 55 Hz sawtooth wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206, an output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
  • the LD power supply circuit 28 functions as a modulation unit that modulates the excitation light source 12 (laser light) in synchronization with the reciprocating oscillation of the mirror unit 202 in accordance with control from the control unit 24.
  • the modulation frequency (modulation speed) of the excitation light source 12 (laser) is obtained by the following equation.
  • the LD power supply circuit 28 draws a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern on the wavelength conversion member 18 by laser light as excitation light that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (in the horizontal and vertical directions).
  • the excitation light source 12 laser light
  • the excitation light source 12 is modulated based on a predetermined light distribution pattern (digital data) stored in the storage device 44.
  • the predetermined light distribution pattern (digital data) examples include a high beam light distribution pattern (digital data), a low beam light distribution pattern (digital data), a highway light distribution pattern (digital data), and an urban light distribution pattern (digital data). Digital data) and various other light distribution patterns are possible.
  • the predetermined light distribution pattern (digital data) includes data representing the outer shape and light intensity distribution (illuminance distribution) of each light distribution pattern.
  • the two-dimensional image drawn on the wavelength conversion member 18 by the laser light as the excitation light that is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by the optical polarizer 201 has each light distribution pattern (for example, a high beam).
  • the light intensity distribution for example, the maximum light intensity distribution near the center required for the high beam light distribution pattern).
  • the predetermined light distribution pattern (digital data) can be switched, for example, by operating a switch provided in the vehicle interior.
  • FIGS. 13A to 13C show scanning patterns of laser light (spots) that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal and vertical directions).
  • the horizontal scanning pattern of the laser beam (spot) scanned two-dimensionally (horizontal and vertical) by the optical polarizer 201 includes a pattern for bidirectional scanning (reciprocating scanning).
  • FIG. 13B there is a pattern in which one-way scanning (scanning only the forward path or scanning only the backward path) is performed.
  • a vertical scanning pattern of laser light (spots) scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by the optical polarizer 201 is a pattern in which scanning is performed densely line by line, as shown in FIG. 13C.
  • the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction), as shown in FIG. 14A, scanning is performed from the upper end to the lower end. When it reaches the lower end, it returns to the upper end and scans again from the upper end to the lower end. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 14B, it scans from the upper end to the lower end, and when it reaches the lower end, it moves toward the upper end. There is a pattern that scans and repeats this.
  • the control system shown in FIG. 10 can perform various controls other than the above control example.
  • a variable light distribution vehicle headlamp ADB: “Adaptive” Driving “Beam”
  • ADB Adaptive” Driving “Beam”
  • the control unit 24 is subject to irradiation prohibition within a predetermined light distribution pattern formed on the virtual vertical screen based on the detection result of the imaging device 30 functioning as detection means for detecting an object in front of the host vehicle.
  • an irradiation prohibited object for example, a pedestrian or an oncoming vehicle
  • This can be realized by controlling the excitation light source 12 so that the output of the excitation light source 12 is turned off or reduced at the timing when the laser light as the excitation light is scanned in the region.
  • the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for driving the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner can be changed based on the traveling speed that is the detection result.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V can be increased as the traveling speed increases. This is because, for example, a correspondence relationship (travel speed or travel speed range) between a plurality of travel speeds (or travel speed ranges) and a plurality of vertical scanning frequencies f V corresponding to a plurality of travel speeds (or travel speed ranges) in advance.
  • the vertical scanning frequency corresponding to the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 34 is read from the storage device 44. Then, the MEMS power supply circuit 26 applies the third AC voltage (the read vertical scanning frequency) to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner. Can do.
  • the inventors have clarified that the vertical scanning frequency f at which the vehicle is stopped (0 km / h / h) is less likely to flicker than when the vehicle is running (50 / h to 150 km / h). Based on “ V is high”, the vertical scanning frequency f V at the time of stopping (0 km / h) can be made higher than that at the time of traveling (speeding from 50 km / h to 150 km / h).
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V 2 for traveling and the vertical scanning frequency f V 1 for stopping are stored in advance in the storage device 44 (f V 1> f V 2), and the vehicle speed sensor 34 Based on the detection result, it is determined whether the vehicle is running or stopped.
  • the vertical scanning frequency for traveling is read from the storage device 44, and the MEMS power supply circuit 26 applies the third AC voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 (the read vertical traveling frequency). Scanning frequency) to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner.
  • the vertical scanning frequency for stopping is read from the storage device 44, and the MEMS power supply circuit 26 This can be realized by applying a third AC voltage (the read vertical scanning frequency for stopping) to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner.
  • the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 can be changed based on the illuminance returning to the driver as the detection result (for example, the illuminance before the driver's eyes). it can.
  • the vertical scanning frequency f V can be increased as the illuminance increases.
  • a correspondence relationship between a plurality of illuminances (or illuminance ranges) and a plurality of vertical scanning frequencies f V corresponding to each of the illuminances (or illuminance ranges) (vertical scanning that increases as the illuminance or illuminance range increases).
  • the vertical scanning frequency corresponding to the illuminance value detected by the illuminance sensor 32 is read from the storage device 44.
  • the MEMS power supply circuit 26 applies the third AC voltage (the read vertical scanning frequency) to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner.
  • the third AC voltage the read vertical scanning frequency
  • the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is changed based on the distance from the irradiated object, which is the detection result of the distance sensor 38 attached to the vehicle. Can be made.
  • the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for driving the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner can be changed.
  • the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for driving the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner can be changed according to a predetermined light distribution pattern.
  • the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 can be changed between the light distribution pattern for highways and the light distribution pattern for urban areas.
  • the reliability and durability of the optical polarizer 201 can be improved compared to the case where the driving frequency for driving the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to be non-resonant is constant. , Lifespan etc. can be improved.
  • a biaxial non-resonant optical polarizer 161 may be used instead of the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201 having the above-described configuration.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a biaxial non-resonant type optical polarizer 161.
  • the biaxial non-resonant type optical polarizer 161 includes a mirror part 162 (also referred to as a MEMS mirror), piezoelectric actuators 163 to 166 for driving the mirror part 162, and piezoelectric actuators 163 to 166. And a pedestal 174 are provided.
  • the configurations and operations of the piezoelectric actuators 163 to 166 are the same as those of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the optical polarizer 201 of the uniaxial nonresonant / uniaxial resonant type.
  • a first AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to each of the first piezoelectric actuators 163 and 164.
  • an AC voltage having a frequency equal to or lower than a predetermined value smaller than the mechanical resonance frequency (primary resonance point) of the mirror part 162 is applied to cause non-resonance driving.
  • the mirror part 162 reciprocally swings around the third axis X3 with respect to the movable frame 171, and the excitation light of the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror part 162 is scanned in the first direction (for example, the horizontal direction).
  • a second AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 165 and 166, respectively.
  • non-resonant driving is performed by applying an AC voltage having a frequency lower than a predetermined value smaller than the mechanical resonance frequency (primary resonance point) of the movable frame 171 including the mirror part 162 and the first piezoelectric actuators 165 and 166.
  • FIG. 16A shows details of the first AC voltage (for example, 6 kHz sawtooth wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 163 and 164, the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
  • FIG. 16B shows details of a third AC voltage (for example, a 60 Hz sawtooth wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 165 and 166, an output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
  • the laser light as excitation light from the excitation light source 12 is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by driving the piezoelectric actuators 163 to 166.
  • a biaxial resonance type optical polarizer 201A may be used instead of the uniaxial nonresonant / uniaxial resonance type optical polarizer 201 having the above-described configuration.
  • FIG. 17 is a plan view of a two-axis resonance type optical polarizer 201A.
  • a biaxial resonance type optical polarizer 201A includes a mirror unit 13A (also referred to as a MEMS mirror) and a first piezoelectric actuator 15Aa that drives the mirror unit 13A via torsion bars 14Aa and 14Ab. 15Ab, a movable frame 12A that supports the first piezoelectric actuators 15Aa and 15Ab, second piezoelectric actuators 17Aa and 17Ab that drive the movable frame 12A, and a base 11A that supports the second piezoelectric actuators 17Aa and 17Ab. Yes.
  • the configurations and operations of the piezoelectric actuators 15Aa, 15Ab, 17Aa, and 17Ab are the same as those of the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the optical polarizer 201 of the uniaxial nonresonant / uniaxial resonant type.
  • a first AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 15Aa
  • a second AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 15Ab.
  • the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage are AC voltages (for example, sine waves) that are opposite in phase or out of phase with each other.
  • an alternating voltage having a frequency near the mechanical resonance frequency (first resonance point) of the mirror portion 13A including the torsion bars 14Aa and 14Ab is applied to drive the first piezoelectric actuators 15Aa and 15Ab to resonance.
  • the mirror unit 13A reciprocally swings around the fifth axis X5 with respect to the movable frame 12A, and the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror unit 13A is scanned in the first direction (for example, the horizontal direction).
  • a third AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuator 17Aa
  • a fourth AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuator 17Ab.
  • the third AC voltage and the fourth AC voltage are AC voltages (for example, sine waves) that are opposite in phase or out of phase with each other.
  • an AC voltage having a frequency near the mechanical resonance frequency (first resonance point) of the movable frame 12A including the mirror portion 13A and the first piezoelectric actuators 15Aa and 15Ab is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 17Aa and 17Ab. Is driven at resonance.
  • the mirror unit 13A reciprocally swings around the sixth axis X6 with respect to the base 11A, and the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror unit 13A is scanned in the second direction (for example, the vertical direction). .
  • FIG. 18A shows details of the first AC voltage (for example, 24 kHz sine wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 15Aa and 15Ab, the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
  • FIG. 18B shows details of a third AC voltage (for example, a 12 Hz sine wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 17Aa and 17Ab, an output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
  • the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction).
  • a frequency significantly lower than 220 Hz (or a frame significantly lower than 220 fps), which has conventionally been considered to cause flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp.
  • the vehicle lamp that can suppress flickering can be provided even when “55 fps or more”, “55 fps or more and 120 fps or less”, “55 fps or more and 100 fps or less”, or “70 fps ⁇ 10 fps” is used.
  • a frequency significantly lower than 220 Hz (or a frame rate significantly lower than 220 fps), that is, “55 fps or more”, “55 fps or more and 120 fps or less”, “55 fps or more and 100 fps or less”, or “ Since “70 fps ⁇ 10 fps” can be used, the reliability, durability, life, and the like of the optical polarizer 201 can be improved as compared with the case of using a frequency of 220 Hz or higher (or a frame rate of 220 fps or higher).
  • the drive frequency for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205, 206, etc. is made variable by changing the drive frequency for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205, 206, etc.
  • the reliability, durability, life, and the like of the optical polarizer 201 can be improved as compared with the case where the value is constant.
  • a vehicular lamp using three uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizers 201 will be described with reference to the drawings. It goes without saying that the various optical polarizers exemplified in the first embodiment can be used in place of the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a vehicular lamp 300 according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view
  • FIG. 22 is a front view
  • FIG. 25 is an example of a predetermined light distribution pattern P formed on a virtual vertical screen (disposed approximately 25 m ahead from the front of the vehicle) by the vehicular lamp 300 according to the present embodiment. .
  • the vehicular lamp 300 has a relatively high central luminous intensity (P Hot ), and the luminous intensity is in a gradation according to the direction from there to (P Hot ⁇ P Mid ⁇ P Wide ). It is configured to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P (for example, a high beam light distribution pattern) that is low and excellent in distance visibility and light distribution feeling.
  • the optical polarizer 201 When comparing the vehicular lamp 300 of the present embodiment and the vehicular lamp 10 of the first embodiment, mainly in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. Whereas the optical polarizer 201 is used, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, there are three excitation light sources (wide excitation light source 12 Wide , middle excitation light source 12 Mid, and hot excitation light source 12). Hot ) and three optical polarizers (wide optical polarizer 201 Wide , middle optical polarizer 201 Mid, and hot optical polarizer 201 Hot ) are different from each other.
  • the configuration is the same as that of the vehicular lamp 10 of the first embodiment.
  • the difference from the vehicular lamp 10 of the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same components as those of the vehicular lamp 10 of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted. .
  • the vehicular lamp 300 includes three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot and three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot provided corresponding to the three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot .
  • optical deflector 201 Wide, 201 Mid, 201 Hot , 3 single optical deflector 201 Wide, 201 Mid, 201 Hot 3 single scanning region provided corresponding to the a Wide, a Mid, a Hot (see FIG. 20)
  • the number of the excitation light source 12, the optical polarizer 201, and the scanning region A is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more.
  • the projection lens 20, the wavelength conversion member 18, the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are in this order along a reference axis AX (also referred to as an optical axis) that extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction. Are arranged.
  • the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are fixed to the laser holding unit 46 in a posture in which the respective excitation light Ray Wide , Ray Mid , and Ray Hot are inclined toward the rear and toward the reference axis AX, It arrange
  • the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are fixed to the laser holding unit 46 as follows.
  • the laser holding portion 46 includes extensions 50U and 50D extending radially from the upper, lower, left, and right portions of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 48 extending in the reference axis AX direction in a direction substantially orthogonal to the reference axis AX. , 50L, 50R (see FIG. 22).
  • the distal ends of the extension portions 50U, 50D, 50L, and 50R are inclined rearward (see FIG. 23), and between the extension portions 50U, 50D, 50L, and 50R, the heat dissipation portions 54 (radiation fins) are provided. ) Is arranged (see FIG. 22).
  • the wide excitation light source 12 Wide is fixed to the distal end portion of the extension portion 50D in an inclined posture so that the excitation light Ray Wide travels in a rearward and upward direction.
  • the middle excitation light source 12 Mid is fixed to the distal end portion of the extension portion 50U in an inclined posture so that the excitation light Ray Mid travels obliquely downward and backward.
  • the hot excitation light source 12 Hot is fixed to the distal end portion of the extension portion 50L in an inclined posture so that the excitation light Ray Hot travels obliquely rearward and rightward in a front view.
  • the lens holder 56 to which the projection lens 20 (lenses 20A to 20D) is fixed is fixed to the cylinder portion 48 by screwing the rear end portion thereof to the front end opening of the cylinder portion 48.
  • Each of the pumping light source 12 Wide, 12 Mid, 12 excitation light Ray Wide from Hot, Ray Mid, Ray Hot is condensed by each condenser lens 14 (e.g., collimated) each optical deflector 201 Wide , 201 Mid and 201 Hot (each mirror unit 202).
  • the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot respectively enter excitation light from the corresponding excitation light source among the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot into each mirror unit 202.
  • the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are used so that the excitation light as reflected light from each mirror unit 202 is directed to the corresponding scanning area among the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot. It is arranged so as to be close to the reference axis AX and surround the reference axis AX.
  • the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are fixed to the optical polarizer holder 58 and arranged as follows.
  • the optical polarizer holder 58 includes a front surface of a quadrangular pyramid shape protruding forward, and the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape includes an upper surface 58U, a lower surface 58D, a left surface 58L, and a right surface 58R (not shown), as shown in FIG. Z).
  • the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (corresponding to the first optical polarizer of the present invention) has a quadrangular pyramid shape with its mirror portion 202 positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Wide from the wide excitation light source 12 Wide. Is fixed to the lower surface 58D in an inclined posture.
  • the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (corresponding to the second optical polarizer of the present invention) is in a state where the mirror unit 202 is located on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Mid from the middle excitation light source 12 Mid , Of the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape, it is fixed in an inclined posture on the upper surface 58U.
  • the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot (corresponding to the third optical polarizer of the present invention) is in a state where the mirror unit 202 is positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Hot from the hot excitation light source 12 Hot ,
  • the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape is fixed in an inclined posture to the left surface 58L disposed on the left side when viewed from the front.
  • Each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot is arranged with the first axis X1 included in the vertical plane and the second axis X2 included in the horizontal plane.
  • the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide has a wide scanning area A Wide (corresponding to the first scanning area of the present invention) by excitation light Ray Wide scanned two-dimensionally in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202.
  • a first light intensity distribution is formed in the wide scanning area A Wide by drawing the first two-dimensional image.
  • the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid is a middle scanning area A Mid (corresponding to the second scanning area of the present invention) by the excitation light Ray Mid that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202.
  • a second luminous intensity distribution having a luminous intensity higher than the first luminous intensity distribution is formed in the middle scanning area A Mid .
  • middle scan area A Mid in a small size than the wide scanning area A Wide, and overlaps with part of the wide scanning area A Wide. As a result, the luminous intensity distribution formed in the overlapped middle scanning area A Mid becomes relatively high.
  • the hot light polarizer 201 Hot is a hot scanning area A Hot (corresponding to the third scanning area of the present invention) by the excitation light Ray Hot that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202.
  • the luminous intensity is higher in the hot scanning area A Hot than the second luminous intensity distribution.
  • a third light intensity distribution is formed.
  • the hot scanning area A Hot small size than the middle scan area A Mid, and overlaps a portion of the middle scan area A Mid. As a result, the luminous intensity distribution formed in the overlapping hot scanning area A Hot becomes relatively high.
  • Each of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot is not limited to the area having the rectangular outer shape illustrated in FIG. 20, but is, for example, an area having a circular, elliptical, or other various shapes. Also good.
  • FIG. 26 (a) is a front view of the wavelength conversion member 18, FIG. 26 (b) is a top view, and FIG. 26 (c) is a side view.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 has a rectangular plate shape (for example, horizontal length: 18 mm, vertical length: 9 mm) wavelength conversion member (also referred to as a phosphor panel).
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 is fixed to the phosphor holding portion 52 that closes the rear end opening of the cylindrical portion 48 as shown in FIGS. Specifically, the wavelength converting member 18 has a periphery along the outer shape of the rear surface 18a fixed around the opening 52a formed in the phosphor holding portion 52, and covers the opening 52a.
  • Wavelength conversion member 18 the center line AX 202 of maximum deflection angle Betaetchi_max ( Figure 29A see) wide light polarizer when 201 Wide mirror unit 202, the maximum deflection angle Betabui_max (see FIG. 29B) wide optical polarization when The unit 201 is arranged so as to be within the center line AX 202 of the mirror unit 202 of the wide . That is, the wavelength conversion member 18 is disposed so as to satisfy the following two formulas 1 and 2.
  • the sizes (horizontal length and vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot are respectively the light polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror unit 202) and wavelength.
  • the distance to the conversion member 18 is the same (or substantially the same) (see FIGS. 22 and 23)
  • the first AC voltage, the second AC voltage, and the second piezoelectric applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are used.
  • the third AC voltage applied to the actuators 205 and 206 is changed, and the oscillation range around the first axis X1 and the second axis X2 of the mirror units 202 of the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are centered. It can be adjusted by changing the swing range. The reason is as follows.
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle, see vertical axis) of the mirror unit 202 around the first axis X1 is the first piezoelectric.
  • the driving voltage (see the horizontal axis) applied to the actuators 203 and 204 increases as the driving voltage increases.
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle, see vertical axis) of the mirror unit 202 around the second axis X2 is also the drive voltage (see horizontal axis) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205, 206. ) Increases as it increases.
  • the first axis X1 is the center.
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) are ⁇ 9.8 degrees and ⁇ 19.7 degrees, respectively.
  • the size (horizontal length) of the wide scanning area A Wide is adjusted to ⁇ 8.57 mm.
  • mirror mechanical half angle also referred to as mechanical half angle
  • mirror deflection angle also referred to as an optical half angle
  • the optical half angle is twice the mechanical half angle.
  • the first axis X1 is the center.
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) are ⁇ 4.3 degrees and ⁇ 8.6 degrees, respectively.
  • the size (vertical length) of the wide scanning area A Wide is adjusted to ⁇ 3.65 mm.
  • 5.41 V pp is applied as the drive voltage (first AC voltage, second AC voltage) to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide , and the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are applied.
  • driving voltage 41.2V pp is applied as the (third AC voltage), around the swing range and the second axis X2 around the first axis X1 of the wide light polarizer 201 wide mirror portion 202
  • the size of the wide scanning area A Wide (the horizontal length and the vertical length) is adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ⁇ 8.57 mm and a vertical direction of ⁇ 3.65 mm. can do.
  • the luminous intensity distribution formed in the wide scanning area A Wide is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that a rectangular wide distribution of ⁇ 15 degrees in the horizontal direction and ⁇ 6.5 degrees in the vertical direction is displayed on the virtual vertical screen.
  • An optical pattern P Wide (see FIG. 25) is formed.
  • the first axis X1 is the center.
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) are ⁇ 5.3 degrees and ⁇ 11.3 degrees, respectively.
  • the size (horizontal length) of the middle scanning area A Mid is adjusted to ⁇ 4.78 mm.
  • the first axis X1 is the center.
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) are ⁇ 2.3 degrees and ⁇ 4.7 degrees, respectively.
  • the size (vertical length) of the middle scanning area A Mid is adjusted to ⁇ 1.96 mm.
  • 2.31 V pp is applied as the drive voltage (first AC voltage, second AC voltage) to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid , and the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are applied.
  • Is applied with 24.4 V pp as a drive voltage (third AC voltage) and the oscillation range around the first axis X1 and the oscillation around the second axis X2 of the mirror section 202 of the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid are applied.
  • the size of the middle scanning area A Mid (the length in the horizontal direction and the length in the vertical direction) is adjusted to a rectangle having a horizontal direction of ⁇ 4.78 mm and a vertical direction of ⁇ 1.96 mm. be able to.
  • the luminous intensity distribution formed in the middle scanning area A Mid is projected forward by the projection lens 20, thereby forming a rectangular middle having a horizontal direction of ⁇ 8.5 degrees and a vertical direction of ⁇ 3.5 degrees on the virtual vertical screen.
  • the light distribution pattern P Mid for use (see FIG. 25) is formed.
  • the first axis X1 is the center.
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) are ⁇ 2.3 degrees and ⁇ 4.7 degrees, respectively.
  • the size (horizontal length) of the hot scanning area A Hot is adjusted to ⁇ 1.96 mm.
  • the first axis X1 is set as the center.
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) are ⁇ 1.0 degrees and ⁇ 2.0 degrees, respectively.
  • the size (vertical length) of the hot scanning area A Hot is adjusted to ⁇ 0.84 mm.
  • 0.93 V pp is applied as the driving voltage (first AC voltage, second AC voltage) to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot , and the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are applied.
  • 13.3 V pp is applied as a drive voltage (third AC voltage) to the optical axis 201, and the oscillation range around the first axis X1 and the second axis X2 of the mirror section 202 of the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot are centered.
  • the size of the hot scanning area A Hot (horizontal length and vertical length) is adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ⁇ 1.96 mm and a vertical direction of ⁇ 0.84 mm. can do.
  • the luminous intensity distribution formed in the hot scanning area A Hot is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that it is a rectangular middle having a horizontal direction of ⁇ 3.5 degrees and a vertical direction of ⁇ 1.5 degrees on the virtual vertical screen.
  • a light distribution pattern P Hot (see FIG. 25) is formed.
  • the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot (the horizontal length and the vertical length) have the same drive voltage applied to each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot (or If substantially the same), adjustment is performed by changing the distance between each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 (see, for example, FIG. 30). can do.
  • the distance between the wide-angle optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is set to 24.0 mm, and
  • a driving voltage of 5.41 V pp is applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the optical polarizer 201 Wide , the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) about the first axis X1.
  • the size (horizontal length) of the wide scanning area A Wide is adjusted to ⁇ 8.57 mm.
  • the distance between the wide-angle optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror portion 202 thereof) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is set to 24.0 mm
  • the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) about the first axis X1. are ⁇ 4.3 degrees and ⁇ 8.6 degrees, respectively.
  • the size (vertical length) of the wide scanning area A Wide is adjusted to ⁇ 3.65 mm.
  • the size of the wide scanning area A Wide (horizontal direction) And the vertical length) can be adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ⁇ 8.57 mm and a vertical direction of ⁇ 3.65 mm.
  • the luminous intensity distribution formed in the wide scanning area A Wide is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that a rectangular wide distribution of ⁇ 15 degrees in the horizontal direction and ⁇ 6.5 degrees in the vertical direction is displayed on the virtual vertical screen.
  • An optical pattern P Wide (see FIG. 25) is formed.
  • the distance between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror section 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is 13.4 mm, and the middle as in the case of the wide light polarizer 201 Wid as a driving voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 203 and 204 of the optical deflector 201 Mid, upon application of a 5.41V pp, mechanical deflection angle around the first axis X1 (byte : ⁇ h_max) and maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) are ⁇ 9.8 degrees and ⁇ 19.7 degrees, respectively, as in the case of the wide-angle optical polarizer 201 Wid .
  • the distance (13.4 mm) between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is equal to the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength. Since it is shorter than the distance (24.0 mm) from the conversion member 18, the size (horizontal length) of the middle scanning area A Mid is adjusted to ⁇ 4.78 mm.
  • the distance between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror section 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is 13.4 mm, and the middle
  • 41.2 V pp is applied as the drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the optical polarizer 201 Mid as in the case of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wid
  • a mechanical deflection angle (half angle) about the first axis X1 is applied.
  • ⁇ v_max) and maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) are ⁇ 4.3 degrees and ⁇ 8.6 degrees, respectively, as in the case of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wid .
  • the distance (13.4 mm) between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is equal to the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength. Since it is shorter than the distance (24.0 mm) between the conversion member 18, the size (vertical length) of the middle scanning area A Mid is adjusted to ⁇ 1.96 mm.
  • the size of the middle scanning area A Mid (horizontal direction) And the vertical length) can be adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ⁇ 4.78 mm and a vertical direction of ⁇ 1.96 mm.
  • the luminous intensity distribution formed in the middle scanning area A Mid is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that a rectangular mid having a horizontal direction of ⁇ 8.5 degrees and a vertical direction of ⁇ 3.6 degrees on the virtual vertical screen.
  • the light distribution pattern P Mid for use (see FIG. 25) is formed.
  • the distance between the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is set to 5.5 mm, and the hot as in the case of the wide light polarizer 201 Wid as a driving voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 203 and 204 of the optical deflector 201 Hot, upon application of a 5.41V pp, mechanical deflection angle around the first axis X1 (byte : ⁇ h_max) and maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ h_max) are ⁇ 9.8 degrees and ⁇ 19.7 degrees, respectively, as in the case of the wide-angle optical polarizer 201 Wid .
  • the distance (5.5 mm) between the hot light polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is the middle light polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength. Since the distance to the conversion member 18 is shorter than the distance (13.4 mm), the size (horizontal length) of the hot scanning area A Hot is adjusted to ⁇ 1.96 mm.
  • the distance between the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is set to 5.5 mm, and the hot When 41.2 V pp is applied as the driving voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the optical polarizer 201 Hot , as in the case of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wid , a mechanical deflection angle (half angle) about the first axis X1 is applied. : ⁇ v_max) and maximum deflection angle (half angle: ⁇ v_max) are ⁇ 4.3 degrees and ⁇ 8.6 degrees, respectively, as in the case of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wid .
  • the distance (5.5 mm) between the hot light polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is the middle light polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength. Since the distance to the conversion member 18 is shorter than the distance (13.4 mm), the size (vertical length) of the hot scanning area A Hot is adjusted to ⁇ 0.84 mm.
  • the size of the hot scanning area A Hot (horizontal direction) And the vertical length) can be adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ⁇ 1.96 mm and a vertical direction of ⁇ 0.84 mm.
  • the luminous intensity distribution formed in the hot scanning area A Hot is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that a rectangular hot having a horizontal direction of ⁇ 3.5 degrees and a vertical direction of ⁇ 1.5 degrees is displayed on the virtual vertical screen.
  • a light distribution pattern P Hot (see FIG. 25) is formed.
  • the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot are the same (or substantially the same)
  • the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot ( The size (horizontal length and vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot is adjusted by changing the distance between the center of the mirror unit 202 and the wavelength conversion member 18. Can do.
  • the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide When feedback control is performed on the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot , the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , Although the drive voltages applied to 201 Mid and 201 Hot are not completely the same, even in this case, the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength By changing the distance to the conversion member 18, the sizes (horizontal length and vertical length) of each of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid and A Hot can be adjusted.
  • the sizes (horizontal length and vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot are as shown in FIG. 32, and the respective excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot and the respective lights.
  • a lens 66 for example, a lens having a different focal length. It is also conceivable to adjust by arranging.
  • one wavelength is used for a plurality of optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot . This is because the conversion member 18 and one optical system (projection lens 20) are used.
  • a part of the light intensity is relatively high, and the light intensity gradations toward the periphery from there.
  • the central luminous intensity (P Hot ) is relatively high, and the luminous intensity is gradation according to the direction from there to (P Hot ⁇ P Mid ⁇ P Wide ). Therefore, it is possible to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P (for example, a high-beam light distribution pattern) that is excellent in distance visibility and light distribution feeling.
  • middle scan area A Mid are overlapped with the wide scanning area A smaller size than the Wide and wide scan area A Wide
  • hot scanning area A Hot is a middle scanning area a small-sized a and the result of overlap with middle scan area a Mid than Mid, first light intensity distribution formed on the wide scanning area a wide, second light intensity distribution formed on the middle scan area a Mid
  • the third light intensity distribution formed in the hot scanning area A Hot becomes higher and smaller in this order, and the predetermined light distribution pattern P (see FIG. 25) is the wide scanning area A Wide. This is because the first light intensity distribution, the second light intensity distribution, and the third light intensity distribution formed in each of the middle scanning area A Mid and the hot scanning area A Hot are projected.
  • the vehicle lamp 300 (lamp unit) can be made thinner in the direction of the reference axis AX, although it is larger in the vertical and horizontal directions than a vehicle lamp 400 (lamp unit) described later.
  • FIG. 33 is a longitudinal sectional view of a vehicular lamp 400 according to a third embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the vehicular lamp 400 shown in FIG.
  • the vehicular lamp 400 has a relatively high central luminous intensity (P Hot ), and the luminous intensity is in a gradation according to the direction from there to (P Hot ⁇ P Mid ⁇ P Wide ). It is configured to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P (for example, a high beam light distribution pattern) that is low and excellent in distance visibility and light distribution feeling.
  • the configuration is the same as the vehicular lamp 300 of the second embodiment.
  • the difference from the vehicular lamp 300 of the second embodiment will be mainly described, and the same components as those of the vehicular lamp 300 of the second embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. .
  • the vehicular lamp 400 includes three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot , and three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot .
  • the number of the excitation light source 12, the reflection surface 60, the optical polarizer 201, and the scanning region A is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more.
  • the projection lens 20, the wavelength conversion member 18, the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are in this order along a reference axis AX (also referred to as an optical axis) that extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction. Are arranged.
  • the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are fixed to the laser holding unit 46A in such a posture that the respective excitation lights Ray Wide , Ray Mid , and Ray Hot are inclined forward and toward the reference axis AX, It arrange
  • the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are fixed to the laser holding unit 46A as follows.
  • the laser holding unit 46A extends from the upper part of the outer peripheral surface of the optical polarizer holding unit 58 toward the front obliquely upward, and extends from the lower part of the outer peripheral surface of the optical polarizer holding unit 58 to the front obliquely downward.
  • the extension part 46AL extending from the left part toward the front diagonally left direction in front view from the right part in the front view among the outer peripheral faces of the optical polarizer holder part 58.
  • An extension 46AR (not shown) extending toward the front diagonal right direction is included.
  • the wide excitation light source 12 Wide is fixed to the front surface of the extension 46AD so as to be inclined so that the excitation light Ray Wide travels obliquely forward and upward.
  • the middle excitation light source 12 Mid is fixed to the front surface of the extension 46 AU in an inclined posture so that the excitation light Ray Mid travels obliquely forward and downward.
  • the hot excitation light source 12 Hot is fixed to the front surface of the extension portion 46AL so as to be inclined so that the excitation light Ray Hot proceeds obliquely forward and leftward in a front view.
  • the lens holder 56 to which the projection lens 20 (lenses 20A to 20D) is fixed is fixed to the cylinder portion 48 by screwing the rear end portion thereof to the front end opening of the cylinder portion 48.
  • Each of the pumping light source 12 Wide, 12 Mid, 12 excitation light Ray Wide from Hot, Ray Mid, Ray Hot is condensed by each condenser lens 14 (e.g., collimated), each of the reflective surface 60 Wide, 60 After being reflected by Mid and 60 Hot , it is incident on each of the optical polarizers 201 Mid , 201 Wide and 201 Hot (each mirror unit 202).
  • the excitation light source 12 Wide, 12 Mid, 12 is the excitation light from the corresponding pump light source incident Of Hot, and each of the reflecting surfaces 60 Wide, 60 Mid,
  • the excitation light Ray Wide , Ray Mid , Ray Hot as the reflected light from 60 Hot is fixed to the reflection surface holding unit 62 in a posture inclined rearward and toward the reference axis AX, and the excitation light source 12 Wide , 12 Mid and 12 Hot are arranged closer to the reference axis AX and so as to surround the reference axis AX.
  • the reflective surfaces 60 Wide , 60 Mid , and 60 Hot are fixed to the reflective surface holding unit 62 and arranged as follows.
  • the reflection surface holding portion 62 includes a ring-shaped extension portion 64 extending from the rear end of the cylindrical portion 48 extending in the direction of the reference axis AX toward the rear outer side.
  • the rear surface of the ring-shaped extension part 64 is inclined so that the outer side is located rearward from the inner side near the reference axis AX (see FIG. 33).
  • the wide reflection surface 60 Wide is fixed to the lower part of the rear surface of the ring-shaped extension 64 in such a posture that the excitation light Ray Wide as reflected light travels obliquely upward in the backward direction.
  • the middle reflecting surface 60 Mid is fixed to the upper part of the rear surface of the ring-shaped extension 64 in such a posture that the excitation light Ray Mid as the reflected light travels obliquely backward and downward.
  • the hot reflecting surface 60 Hot (not shown) is inclined such that the excitation light Ray Hot as the reflected light advances obliquely rearward and rightward when viewed from the front, and the ring-shaped extension 64. It is fixed to the left part of the rear surface in front view.
  • the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are respectively provided with excitation light as reflected light from the corresponding reflecting surface among the reflecting surfaces 60 Wide , 60 Mid , and 60 Hot.
  • Reflecting surfaces 60 Wide and 60 Mid so that the excitation light incident on the section 202 and the excitation light as reflected light from each mirror section 202 is directed to the corresponding scanning area among the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot.
  • 60 Hot is arranged closer to the reference axis AX and surrounding the reference axis AX.
  • the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are fixed to the optical polarizer holder 58 and arranged as in the second embodiment.
  • the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (corresponding to the first optical polarizer of the present invention) is in a state where the mirror unit 202 is positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Wide as reflected light from the wide reflective surface 60 Wide. Of the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape, it is fixed in an inclined posture to the lower surface 58D. Similarly, in the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (corresponding to the second optical polarizer of the present invention), the mirror unit 202 is positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Mid as reflected light from the middle reflecting surface 60 Mid. In this state, it is fixed in a posture inclined to the upper surface 58U of the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape.
  • the mirror unit 202 is positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Hot as the reflected light from the hot reflective surface 60 Hot.
  • the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid is fixed in a posture inclined to the left surface 58L disposed on the left side when viewed from the front.
  • Each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot is arranged with the first axis X1 included in the vertical plane and the second axis X2 included in the horizontal plane.
  • the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide has a wide scanning area A Wide (corresponding to the first scanning area of the present invention) by excitation light Ray Wide scanned two-dimensionally in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202.
  • a first light intensity distribution is formed in the wide scanning area A Wide by drawing the first two-dimensional image.
  • the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid is a middle scanning area A Mid (corresponding to the second scanning area of the present invention) by the excitation light Ray Mid that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202.
  • a second luminous intensity distribution having a luminous intensity higher than the first luminous intensity distribution is formed in the middle scanning area A Mid .
  • middle scan area A Mid in a small size than the wide scanning area A Wide, and overlaps with part of the wide scanning area A Wide. As a result, the luminous intensity distribution formed in the overlapped middle scanning area A Mid becomes relatively high.
  • the hot light polarizer 201 Hot is a hot scanning area A Hot (corresponding to the third scanning area of the present invention) by the excitation light Ray Hot that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202.
  • the luminous intensity is higher in the hot scanning area A Hot than the second luminous intensity distribution.
  • a third light intensity distribution is formed.
  • the hot scanning area A Hot small size than the middle scan area A Mid, and overlaps a portion of the middle scan area A Mid. As a result, the luminous intensity distribution formed in the overlapping hot scanning area A Hot becomes relatively high.
  • Each of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot is not limited to the area having the rectangular outer shape illustrated in FIG. 20, but is, for example, an area having a circular, elliptical, or other various shapes. Also good.
  • the wavelength conversion member 18 is fixed to the phosphor holder 52 as in the second embodiment.
  • the sizes (horizontal length and vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot can be adjusted by the same method as in the second embodiment.
  • the vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans the excitation light it is possible to make it compact and increase the cost. It becomes possible to reduce the number of parts.
  • a part of the light intensity is relatively high, and the light intensity gradations toward the periphery from there.
  • the central luminous intensity (P Hot ) is relatively high, and the luminous intensity is gradation according to the direction from there to (P Hot ⁇ P Mid ⁇ P Wide ). Therefore, it is possible to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P (for example, a high-beam light distribution pattern) that is excellent in distance visibility and light distribution feeling.
  • the reflection is increased once compared with the vehicle lamp 300 (lamp unit), the efficiency is slightly reduced, but the vehicle lamp 400 (lamp unit) is moved in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • the size can be reduced with respect to (horizontal direction and vertical direction).
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • an emission end face Fa of an optical fiber F that emits excitation light may be used as the excitation light source 12 (12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot ).
  • the excitation light introduced from the incident end face Fb of the optical fiber F is emitted by using the emission end face Fa of the optical fiber F that emits the excitation light as the excitation light source 12 (12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot ). Since the excitation light source (not shown) to be arranged can be arranged at a location separated from the vehicle lamp 10 (vehicle lamp body), the vehicle lamp 10 can be further reduced in size and weight.
  • FIG. 35 shows three excitation light sources (not shown), an incident end face Fb on which laser light as excitation light from each excitation light source is incident, and an emission end face Fa from which laser light introduced from the incident end face Fb is emitted.
  • three optical fibers F including a core surrounding the core and a clad surrounding the core.
  • the hot optical fiber F is omitted in FIG.
  • the 30 shows one excitation light source 12, an optical distributor 68 that distributes laser light as excitation light from the excitation light source 12 into a plurality (for example, three), and each excitation light distributed by the optical distributor 68.
  • the number according to the number of distributions including the core including the incident end face Fb on which the laser light is incident and the exit end face Fa from which the laser light introduced from the incident end face Fb is emitted and the clad surrounding the periphery of the core for example, This is an example in which three optical fibers F are combined.
  • FIG. 36 shows an example of the internal structure of the optical distributor 68.
  • a plurality of non-deflecting beam splitters 68a, deflecting beam splitters 68b, 1 / 2 ⁇ plates 68c and mirrors 68d are arranged as shown in FIG.
  • This is an example of an optical distributor configured to distribute the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 collected in step 1 at a ratio of 25%, 37.5%, and 37.5%.
  • SYMBOLS 10 Vehicle lamp, 12 (12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot ) ... Excitation light source, 14 ... Condensing lens, 18 ... Wavelength conversion member, 20 ... Projection lens, 22 ... Frame, 24 ... Control part, 26 ... MEMS power supply circuit, 28 ... LD power supply circuit, 30 ... imaging device, 32 ... illuminance sensor, 34 ... vehicle speed sensor, 36 ... vehicle tilt sensor, 38 ... distance sensor, 40 ... accelerator / brake sensor, 42 ... vibration sensor, 44 ... Storage device 46, 46A ... Laser holder, 48 ... Cylinder part, 52 ... Phosphor holder, 52a ... Opening, 54 ... Heat dissipation part, 56 ...

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)

Abstract

This vehicle lighting fixture configured in a manner so as to form a predetermined light distribution pattern is characterized by being provided with: a plurality of excitation light sources; a plurality of light polarizers containing a mirror section that two-dimensionally scans, in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, the excitation light entering from corresponding excitation light sources among the plurality of excitation light sources; a wavelength conversion member that includes a plurality of scanning regions provided corresponding to the plurality of light polarizers and that, by means of the excitation light scanned two-dimensionally in the horizontal direction and vertical direction by means of the respective mirror sections of the plurality of light polarizers, renders a two-dimensional image at the corresponding scanning regions among the plurality of scanning regions, and thus a luminance distribution is formed at each of the plurality of scanning regions; and an optical system that forms a predetermined light distribution pattern by projecting the luminance distribution formed at each of the plurality of scanning regions. The vehicle lighting fixture is further characterized by at least one of the plurality of scanning regions overlapping a portion of another scanning region, the luminance distribution formed at the overlapping scanning region being relatively greater.

Description

車両用灯具Vehicle lighting
　本発明は、車両用灯具に係り、特に、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具に関する。 The present invention relates to a vehicular lamp, and more particularly to a vehicular lamp that uses a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scan excitation light.
　図３７は、従来の車両用灯具の概略図である。 FIG. 37 is a schematic view of a conventional vehicular lamp.
　図３７に示すように、従来、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器５１４ａ、５１４ｂ、５１４ｃと、複数の光偏光器５１４ａ、５１４ｂ、５１４ｃによって二次元的に走査される励起光により、二次元像が描画されることで光度分布が形成される複数の蛍光物質５２０ａ、５２０ｂ、５２０ｃ（波長変換部材）と、複数の蛍光物質５２０ａ、５２０ｂ、５２０ｃに対応して設けられた複数の投影レンズであって、複数の蛍光物質５２０ａ、５２０ｂ、５２０ｃのうち対応する蛍光物質に形成された光度分布を投影して、所定配光パターン５２６を形成する複数の投影レンズ５２４ａ、５２４ｂ、５２４ｃと、を備えた車両用灯具が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 As shown in FIG. 37, conventionally, a plurality of optical polarizers 514a, 514b, and 514c that scan excitation light two-dimensionally, and excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned by the plurality of optical polarizers 514a, 514b, and 514c. Thus, a plurality of fluorescent materials 520a, 520b, and 520c (wavelength conversion members) in which a light intensity distribution is formed by drawing a two-dimensional image, and a plurality of fluorescent materials provided corresponding to the plurality of fluorescent materials 520a, 520b, and 520c. A plurality of projection lenses 524a, 524b, and 524c that form a predetermined light distribution pattern 526 by projecting the luminous intensity distribution formed on the corresponding phosphor among the plurality of fluorescent materials 520a, 520b, and 520c. Are proposed (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).
特表２０１３－５２６７５９号公報Special table 2013-526759 gazette
　しかしながら、上記構成の車両用灯具においては、複数の蛍光物質５２０ａ、５２０ｂ、５２０ｃ（波長変換部材）及び複数の投影レンズ５２４ａ、５２４ｂ、５２４ｃを用いており、部品点数が増加する結果、車両用灯具のコンパクト化が難しく、かつ、コストアップを招くという問題がある。 However, the vehicular lamp configured as described above uses a plurality of fluorescent materials 520a, 520b, and 520c (wavelength conversion members) and a plurality of projection lenses 524a, 524b, and 524c. There is a problem that it is difficult to make the system compact, and the cost is increased.
　本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、コンパクト化を可能とし、かつ、コストアップの要因となる部品点数を低減することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and in a vehicle lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans excitation light, it is possible to reduce the size and increase the cost. The purpose is to reduce the number of parts that are a factor.
　上記目的を達成するため、第１の態様に係る発明は、所定配光パターンを形成するように構成された車両用灯具において、複数の励起光源と、前記複数の励起光源に対応して設けられた複数の光偏光器であって、前記複数の励起光源のうち対応する励起光源から入射する励起光を水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査するミラー部を含む複数の光偏光器と、前記複数の光偏光器に対応して設けられた複数の走査領域を含む波長変換部材であって、前記複数の光偏光器それぞれの前記ミラー部によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光により、前記複数の走査領域のうち対応する走査領域に二次元像が描画されることで、前記複数の走査領域それぞれに光度分布が形成される波長変換部材と、前記複数の走査領域それぞれに形成される光度分布を投影して、前記所定配光パターンを形成する光学系と、を備え、前記複数の走査領域のうち少なくとも１つは他の走査領域の一部と重なっており、当該重なった走査領域に形成される光度分布が相対的に高くなることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to the first aspect is provided in correspondence with the plurality of excitation light sources and the plurality of excitation light sources in a vehicle lamp configured to form a predetermined light distribution pattern. A plurality of optical polarizers including a mirror unit that two-dimensionally scans the excitation light incident from a corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction; A wavelength conversion member including a plurality of scanning regions provided corresponding to the plurality of optical polarizers, and is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror section of each of the plurality of optical polarizers. A wavelength conversion member in which a luminous intensity distribution is formed in each of the plurality of scanning regions by drawing a two-dimensional image in the corresponding scanning region among the plurality of scanning regions by the excitation light, and the plurality of scanning regions That An optical system that projects the luminous intensity distribution formed on the optical system to form the predetermined light distribution pattern, and at least one of the plurality of scanning regions overlaps a part of another scanning region, The light intensity distribution formed in the overlapping scanning regions is relatively high.
　第１の態様に係る発明によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、コンパクト化を可能とし、かつ、コストアップの要因となる部品点数を低減することが可能となる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that scan excitation light two-dimensionally, the number of parts that can be made compact and increase the cost is reduced. It becomes possible to reduce.
　これは、従来のように複数の波長変換部材（蛍光物質）、複数の光学系（投影レンズ）を用いるのではなく、複数の光偏光器に対して１つの波長変換部材及び１つの光学系を用いたことによるものである。 Instead of using a plurality of wavelength conversion members (fluorescent substances) and a plurality of optical systems (projection lenses) as in the prior art, one wavelength conversion member and one optical system are provided for a plurality of optical polarizers. This is due to the use.
　また、第１の態様に係る発明によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、一部の光度が相対的に高い所定配光パターン（例えば、中心光度が相対的に高く、遠方視認性に優れた所定配光パターン）を形成することができる。 According to the first aspect of the invention, in the vehicular lamp using a plurality of light polarizers that two-dimensionally scan the excitation light, a predetermined light distribution pattern (for example, a relatively high luminous intensity) , A predetermined light distribution pattern having a relatively high central luminous intensity and excellent distant visibility can be formed.
　これは、複数の走査領域のうち少なくとも１つが他の走査領域の一部と重なっている結果、複数の走査領域それぞれに形成される光度分布の一部（当該重なった走査領域に形成される光度分布）の光度が相対的に高くなること、そして、所定配光パターンは、この複数の走査領域それぞれに形成される、一部の光度が相対的に高い光度分布が投影されることで形成されること、によるものである。 This is because, as a result of at least one of the plurality of scanning regions overlapping with a part of another scanning region, a part of the light intensity distribution formed in each of the plurality of scanning regions (the light intensity formed in the overlapping scanning region). The predetermined luminous intensity distribution pattern is formed by projecting a luminous intensity distribution formed in each of the plurality of scanning regions and having a relatively high luminous intensity. It is due to that.
　第２の態様に係る発明は、第１の態様に係る発明において、前記複数の励起光源は、励起光を放出する半導体発光素子又は励起光を出射する光ファイバの出射端面であることを特徴とする。 The invention according to a second aspect is characterized in that, in the invention according to the first aspect, the plurality of excitation light sources are semiconductor light emitting elements that emit excitation light or emission end faces of an optical fiber that emits excitation light. To do.
　第２の態様に係る発明によれば、複数の励起光源として、励起光を放出する半導体発光素子又は励起光を出射する光ファイバの出射端面を用いた車両用灯具を構成することができる。特に、複数の励起光源として、励起光を出射する光ファイバの出射端面を用いることで、当該光ファイバの入射端面から導入される励起光を放出する励起光源を、車両用灯具（車両用灯具本体）から離間した場所に配置することができるため、車両用灯具のさらなるコンパクト化、軽量化を実現することができる。 According to the second aspect of the invention, a vehicular lamp using a semiconductor light emitting element that emits excitation light or an emission end face of an optical fiber that emits excitation light can be configured as a plurality of excitation light sources. In particular, an excitation light source that emits excitation light introduced from an incident end face of the optical fiber by using an emission end face of an optical fiber that emits excitation light as a plurality of excitation light sources is used as a vehicle lamp (vehicle lamp body). ), The vehicle lamp can be further reduced in size and weight.
　第３の態様に係る発明は、第１又は第２の態様に係る発明において、前記複数の光偏光器は、第１光偏光器、第２光偏光器、第３光偏光器を含み、前記複数の走査領域は、第１走査領域、前記第１走査領域より小サイズでかつ前記第１走査領域と重なった第２走査領域、前記第２走査領域より小サイズでかつ前記第２走査領域と重なった第３走査領域を含み、前記第１光偏光器は、当該第１光偏光器の前記ミラー部によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光により、前記第１走査領域に第１二次元像を描画することで、当該第１走査領域に第１光度分布を形成し、前記第２光偏光器は、当該第２光偏光器の前記ミラー部によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光により、前記第２走査領域に前記第１二次元像の一部に重なった状態で第２二次元像を描画することで、当該第２走査領域に前記第１光度分布より光度が高い第２光度分布を形成し、前記第３光偏光器は、当該第３光偏光器の前記ミラー部によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光により、前記第３走査領域に前記第１二次元像の一部及び前記第２二次元像の一部に重なった状態で第３二次元像を描画することで、当該第３走査領域に前記第２光度分布より光度が高い第３光度分布を形成することを特徴とする。 The invention according to a third aspect is the invention according to the first or second aspect, wherein the plurality of optical polarizers include a first optical polarizer, a second optical polarizer, and a third optical polarizer, The plurality of scanning regions are a first scanning region, a second scanning region that is smaller than the first scanning region and overlaps the first scanning region, a smaller size than the second scanning region, and the second scanning region. The first optical polarizer includes an overlapping third scanning region, and the first optical polarizer is driven by excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror unit of the first optical polarizer. The first light intensity distribution is formed in the first scanning region by drawing the first two-dimensional image, and the second light polarizer is horizontally and vertically driven by the mirror part of the second light polarizer. The first scanning region is driven by the excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned. A second light intensity distribution having a light intensity higher than that of the first light intensity distribution is formed in the second scanning region by drawing the second two-dimensional image in a state of being overlapped with a part of the three-dimensional image, and the third light polarizer Is a part of the first two-dimensional image and the second second image in the third scanning region by excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror unit of the third optical polarizer. A third light intensity distribution having a light intensity higher than that of the second light intensity distribution is formed in the third scanning region by drawing the third two-dimensional image in a state of overlapping a part of the two-dimensional image.
　第３の態様に係る発明によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、一部の光度が相対的に高く、そこから周囲に向かうに従って光度がグラデーション状に低くなる所定配光パターン（例えば、中心光度が相対的に高く、そこから周囲に向かうに従って光度がグラデーション状に低くなる、遠方視認性及び配光フィーリングに優れた所定配光パターン）を形成することができる。 According to the third aspect of the invention, in a vehicle lamp using a plurality of light polarizers that two-dimensionally scans excitation light, a part of the light intensity is relatively high, and the light intensity increases toward the periphery from there. Predetermined light distribution pattern that decreases in a gradation (for example, a predetermined light distribution pattern that has a relatively high central luminous intensity and that decreases in a gradation as it goes from there to the surroundings. ) Can be formed.
　これは、第２走査領域が第１走査領域より小サイズでかつ第１走査領域と重なっており、かつ、第３走査領域が第２走査領域より小サイズでかつ第２走査領域と重なっている結果、第１走査領域に形成される第１光度分布、第２走査領域に形成される第２光度分布、第３走査領域に形成される第３光度分布がこの順に光度が高くなりかつ小サイズとなること、そして、所定配光パターンは、この第１走査領域、第２走査領域、第３走査領域それぞれに形成される第１光度分布、第２光度分布、第３光度分布が投影されることで形成されること、によるものである。 This is because the second scanning area is smaller than the first scanning area and overlaps the first scanning area, and the third scanning area is smaller than the second scanning area and overlaps the second scanning area. As a result, the first luminous intensity distribution formed in the first scanning area, the second luminous intensity distribution formed in the second scanning area, and the third luminous intensity distribution formed in the third scanning area increase in luminous intensity in this order and have a small size. The predetermined light distribution pattern projects the first luminous intensity distribution, the second luminous intensity distribution, and the third luminous intensity distribution formed in the first scanning area, the second scanning area, and the third scanning area, respectively. It is because it is formed by.
　第４の態様に係る発明は、第１から第３の態様のうちのいずれか１の発明において、前記光学系、前記波長変換部材、前記複数の光偏光器は、この順に基準軸に沿って配置されており、前記複数の励起光源は、それぞれの励起光が後方、かつ、前記基準軸寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢で、前記基準軸を取り囲むように配置されており、前記複数の光偏光器は、それぞれ、前記複数の励起光源のうち対応する励起光源からの励起光が各々の前記ミラー部に入射し、かつ、各々の前記ミラー部からの反射光としての励起光が前記複数の走査領域のうち対応する走査領域に向かうように、前記複数の励起光源より前記基準軸寄り、かつ、当該基準軸を取り囲むように配置されていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to a fourth aspect is the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the optical system, the wavelength conversion member, and the plurality of optical polarizers are in this order along the reference axis. The plurality of excitation light sources are arranged so as to surround the reference axis in a posture in which each excitation light is inclined backward and toward the reference axis. In each of the polarizers, excitation light from a corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources is incident on each mirror unit, and excitation light as reflected light from each mirror unit is the plurality of excitation light sources. The plurality of excitation light sources are arranged closer to the reference axis and surrounding the reference axis so as to go to the corresponding scanning area in the scanning area.
　第４の態様に係る発明によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、コンパクト化を可能とし、かつ、コストアップの要因となる部品点数を低減することが可能となる。 According to the fourth aspect of the invention, in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans excitation light, it is possible to reduce the size and increase the number of parts that cause an increase in cost. It becomes possible to reduce.
　第５の態様に係る発明は、第１から第３の態様のうちのいずれか１の発明において、前記複数の励起光源に対応して設けられた複数の反射面をさらに備えており、前記光学系、前記波長変換部材、前記複数の光偏光器は、この順に基準軸に沿って配置されており、前記複数の励起光源は、それぞれの励起光が前方、かつ、前記基準軸寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢で、前記基準軸を取り囲むように配置されており、前記複数の反射面は、それぞれ、前記複数の励起光源のうち対応する励起光源からの励起光が入射し、かつ、各々の反射面からの反射光としての励起光が後方、かつ、前記基準軸寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢で、前記複数の励起光源より前記基準軸寄り、かつ、当該基準軸を取り囲むように配置されており、前記複数の光偏光器は、それぞれ、前記複数の反射面のうち対応する反射面からの反射光としての励起光が各々の前記ミラー部に入射し、かつ、各々の前記ミラー部からの反射光としての励起光が前記複数の走査領域のうち対応する走査領域に向かうように、前記複数の反射面より前記基準軸寄り、かつ、当該基準軸を取り囲むように配置されていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to a fifth aspect further includes a plurality of reflecting surfaces provided corresponding to the plurality of excitation light sources in the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the optical The system, the wavelength conversion member, and the plurality of optical polarizers are arranged in this order along the reference axis, and the plurality of excitation light sources are arranged such that each excitation light is directed forward and closer to the reference axis. Are arranged so as to surround the reference axis, and each of the plurality of reflecting surfaces receives excitation light from a corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources, and The excitation light as the reflected light from the reflection surface is arranged so as to be rearward and inclined toward the reference axis, closer to the reference axis than the plurality of excitation light sources, and surrounding the reference axis. And said plurality In each of the polarizers, excitation light as reflected light from a corresponding reflecting surface among the plurality of reflecting surfaces is incident on each mirror unit, and excitation light as reflected light from each mirror unit. Is arranged so as to be closer to the reference axis than the plurality of reflecting surfaces and to surround the reference axis so as to go to the corresponding scanning area among the plurality of scanning areas.
　第５の態様に係る発明によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、コンパクト化を可能とし、かつ、コストアップの要因となる部品点数を低減することが可能となる。 According to the fifth aspect of the invention, in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans excitation light, the number of components that can be made compact and increase the cost is reduced. It becomes possible to reduce.
　第６の態様に係る発明は、第１から第５の態様のうちのいずれか１の発明において、前記光学系は、投影レンズであり、前記投影レンズは、像面が平面になるように収差が補正された複数枚のレンズからなる投影レンズとして構成されており、前記波長変換部材は、平板形状に構成されており、前記像面に沿って配置されていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to a sixth aspect is the invention according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the optical system is a projection lens, and the projection lens has an aberration so that an image plane is a plane. The wavelength conversion member is configured in a flat plate shape and is arranged along the image plane.
　第６の態様に係る発明によれば、所定配光パターンに対する収差の影響を除去することができる。また、波長変換部材が平板形状であるため、波長変換部材が曲面形状である場合と比べ、その製造が容易となる。さらに、波長変換部材が平板形状であるため、波長変換部材が曲面形状である場合と比べ、二次元像の描画が容易となる。 According to the sixth aspect of the invention, it is possible to remove the influence of aberration on the predetermined light distribution pattern. Moreover, since the wavelength conversion member has a flat plate shape, its manufacture becomes easier as compared with the case where the wavelength conversion member has a curved surface shape. Furthermore, since the wavelength conversion member has a flat plate shape, it is easier to draw a two-dimensional image than when the wavelength conversion member has a curved surface shape.
　第７の態様に係る発明は、第１から第６の態様のうちのいずれか１の発明において、前記複数の光偏光器はそれぞれ、前記ミラー部と、前記ミラー部を囲むように配置され、第１軸を中心に往復揺動できるように前記ミラー部を支持する可動枠と、前記可動枠を囲むように配置され、前記第１軸と直交する第２軸を中心に往復揺動できるように前記可動枠を支持する台座と、共振駆動により、前記ミラー部を前記可動枠に対して前記第１軸を中心に往復揺動させる第１圧電アクチュエータと、非共振駆動により、前記可動枠及び当該可動枠に支持された前記ミラー部を前記台座に対して前記第２軸を中心に往復揺動させる第２圧電アクチュエータと、を備える１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器として構成されており、前記複数の光偏光器はそれぞれ、前記第１軸が鉛直面に含まれ、前記第２軸が水平面に含まれた状態で配置されていることを特徴とする。 The invention according to a seventh aspect is the invention according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the plurality of optical polarizers are arranged so as to surround the mirror part and the mirror part, respectively. A movable frame that supports the mirror portion so as to reciprocately swing around the first axis, and is arranged so as to surround the movable frame, and can reciprocally swing around a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis. A pedestal that supports the movable frame, a first piezoelectric actuator that reciprocally swings the mirror portion about the first axis with respect to the movable frame by resonance driving, and the movable frame and A single-axis non-resonant / single-axis resonance type optical polarizer comprising: a second piezoelectric actuator that reciprocally swings the mirror portion supported by the movable frame about the second axis with respect to the pedestal. The plurality of light polarizations Vessels respectively the first axis is included in a vertical plane, the second axis, characterized in that it is arranged in a state of being included in the horizontal plane.
　第７の態様に係る発明によれば、各々の光偏光器を第７の態様に記載のとおりに配置することで、車両用前照灯において求められる、水平方向にワイドで垂直方向に薄い所定配光パターン（所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像）を容易に形成（描画）することができる。 According to the seventh aspect of the invention, by arranging each of the optical polarizers as described in the seventh aspect, a predetermined width that is wide in the horizontal direction and thin in the vertical direction is required for a vehicle headlamp. A light distribution pattern (a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern) can be easily formed (drawn).
　第８の態様に係る発明は、第１から第７の態様のうちのいずれか１の発明において、前記複数の光偏光器それぞれと前記波長変換部材との間の距離は同一であることを特徴とする。 The invention according to an eighth aspect is characterized in that, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, the distance between each of the plurality of optical polarizers and the wavelength conversion member is the same. And
　第８の態様に係る発明によれば、各々の光偏光器のミラー部の第１軸を中心とする揺動範囲及び第２軸を中心とする揺動範囲を変えることで、各々の走査領域（各々の二次元像）のサイズを相互に異なるものとすることができる。 According to the eighth aspect of the invention, by changing the swing range around the first axis and the swing range around the second axis of the mirror portion of each optical polarizer, each scanning region is changed. The sizes of (each two-dimensional image) can be different from each other.
　第９の態様に係る発明は、第１から第７の態様のうちのいずれか１の発明において、前記複数の光偏光器それぞれと前記波長変換部材との間の距離は相互に異なることを特徴とする。 The invention according to a ninth aspect is characterized in that, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, distances between the plurality of optical polarizers and the wavelength conversion member are different from each other. And
　第９の態様に係る発明によれば、各々の光偏光器（のミラー部の中心）と波長変換部材との間の距離を変えることで、各々の走査領域（各々の二次元像）のサイズを相互に異なるものとすることができる。 According to the ninth aspect of the invention, the size of each scanning region (each two-dimensional image) is changed by changing the distance between each optical polarizer (center of the mirror portion) and the wavelength conversion member. Can be different from each other.
　本発明によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、コンパクト化を可能とし、かつ、コストアップの要因となる部品点数を低減することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans excitation light, it is possible to reduce the size and reduce the number of components that cause an increase in cost. It becomes.
本発明の第１実施形態である車両用灯具１０の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal section of vehicular lamp 10 which is a 1st embodiment of the present invention. 車両用灯具１０の変形例の概略図である。It is the schematic of the modification of the vehicle lamp. １軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１の斜視図である。1 is a perspective view of a uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201. FIG. 第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に電圧を印加していない状態の図である。It is a figure of the state which has not applied the voltage to the 1st piezoelectric actuator 203,204. 第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に電圧を印加している状態の図である。It is a figure of the state which is applying the voltage to the 1st piezoelectric actuator 203,204. 第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に電圧を印加していない状態の図である。It is a figure of the state which has not applied the voltage to the 2nd piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. FIG. 第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に電圧を印加している状態の図である。It is a figure of the state which has applied the voltage to the 2nd piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. FIG. ミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする最大振り角を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the maximum swing angle centering on the 1st axis | shaft X1 of the mirror part. ミラー部２０２の第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする最大振り角を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the maximum swing angle centering on the 2nd axis | shaft X2 of the mirror part. 試験システムの概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram of a test system. 実験結果（測定結果）をプロットしたグラフである。It is the graph which plotted the experimental result (measurement result). ミラー部２０２の振り角と周波数との関係を表すグラフである。It is a graph showing the relationship between the swing angle of the mirror part 202 and a frequency. 励起光源１２及び光偏光器２０１を制御する制御システムの構成例である。2 is a configuration example of a control system that controls the excitation light source 12 and the optical polarizer 201. FIG. 図１１中上段はミラー部２０２の往復揺動に同期して励起光源１２（レーザー光）が変調周波数ｆL（２５ＭＨｚ）で変調されている様子を表し、図１１中中段は第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に第１、第２交流電圧（例えば２５ＭＨｚの正弦波）が印加されている様子を表し、図１１中下段は第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に第３交流電圧（例えば５５Ｈｚの鋸歯状波）が印加されている様子を表している。11 represents a state in which the excitation light source 12 (laser light) is modulated at the modulation frequency f L (25 MHz) in synchronization with the reciprocating swing of the mirror unit 202, and the middle stage in FIG. 11 represents the first piezoelectric actuator 203. 204, the first and second AC voltages (for example, a 25 MHz sine wave) are applied, and the lower part of FIG. 11 shows the third AC voltage (for example, a 55 Hz sawtooth wave) for the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. ) Is applied. 第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加される第１、第２交流電圧（例えば２５ＭＨｚの正弦波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。The figure shows the details of the first and second AC voltages (for example, a 25 MHz sine wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like. 第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加される第３交流電圧（例えば５５Ｈｚの鋸歯状波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。The details of the third AC voltage (for example, 55 Hz sawtooth wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 and the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light) are shown. 光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の走査パターンの例である。It is an example of the scanning pattern of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). 光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の走査パターンの例である。It is an example of the scanning pattern of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). 光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の走査パターンの例である。It is an example of the scanning pattern of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). 光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の垂直方向の走査パターンの例である。It is an example of the scanning pattern of the vertical direction of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). 光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の垂直方向の走査パターンの例である。It is an example of the scanning pattern of the vertical direction of the laser beam (spot) which the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal direction and vertical direction). ２軸非共振タイプの光偏光器１６１の斜視図である。2 is a perspective view of a biaxial non-resonant type optical polarizer 161. FIG. 第１圧電アクチュエータ１６３、１６４に印加される第１交流電圧（例えば６ｋＨｚの鋸歯状波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。The details of the first AC voltage (for example, 6 kHz sawtooth wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 163 and 164 and the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light) are shown. 第２圧電アクチュエータ１６５、１６６に印加される第３交流電圧（例えば６０Ｈｚの鋸歯状波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。The details of the third AC voltage (for example, a 60 Hz sawtooth wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 165 and 166 and the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light) are shown. ２軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１Ａの平面図である。It is a top view of 201 A of biaxial resonance type optical polarizers. 第１圧電アクチュエータ１５ａ、１５ｂに印加される第１交流電圧（例えば２４ｋＨｚの正弦波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。The details of the first AC voltage (for example, a sine wave of 24 kHz) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 15a and 15b, the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like are shown. 第２圧電アクチュエータ１７ａ、１７ｂに印加される第３交流電圧（例えば１２Ｈｚの正弦波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。The details of the third AC voltage (for example, 12 Hz sine wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 17a and 17b and the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light) are shown. 温度変化と共振周波数とミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振り角（半角）との関係を表すグラフである。6 is a graph showing the relationship between temperature change, resonance frequency, and mechanical swing angle (half angle) about the first axis X1 of the mirror section 202. 本発明の第２実施形態である車両用灯具３００の概略図である。It is the schematic of the vehicle lamp 300 which is 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 車両用灯具３００の斜視図である。1 is a perspective view of a vehicular lamp 300. FIG. 車両用灯具３００の正面図である。It is a front view of the vehicle lamp. 図２２に示した車両用灯具３００の２３－２３断面図である。FIG. 24 is a 23-23 cross-sectional view of the vehicular lamp 300 shown in FIG. 図２３に示した車両用灯具３００の２３－２３断面斜視図である。FIG. 24 is a 23-23 cross-sectional perspective view of the vehicular lamp 300 shown in FIG. 23. 本実施形態の車両用灯具３００により、車両前面に正対した仮想鉛直スクリーン（車両前面から約２５ｍ前方に配置されている）上に形成される所定配光パターンＰの例である。It is an example of the predetermined light distribution pattern P formed on the virtual vertical screen (arranged approximately 25 m ahead from the front of the vehicle) facing the front of the vehicle by the vehicular lamp 300 of the present embodiment. （ａ）部は波長変換部材１８の正面図、（ｂ）部は上面図、（ｃ）部は側面図である。(A) is a front view of the wavelength conversion member 18, (b) is a top view, and (c) is a side view. 第１軸Ｘ１を中心とするミラー部２０２の機械振れ角（半角）と、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加される駆動電圧との関係を表すグラフである。6 is a graph showing the relationship between the mechanical deflection angle (half angle) of the mirror unit 202 around the first axis X1 and the drive voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204. 第２軸Ｘ２を中心とするミラー部２０２の機械振れ角（半角）と、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加される駆動電圧との関係を表すグラフである。6 is a graph showing the relationship between the mechanical deflection angle (half angle) of the mirror unit 202 around the second axis X2 and the drive voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. 各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を同一（又は略同一）とした場合、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズを変えるために満たすべき条件等をまとめた表である。When the distances between the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 are the same (or substantially the same), the scanning regions A Wide , A Mid , It is the table | surface which put together the conditions etc. which should be satisfied in order to change the size of A Hot . 各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を同一（又は略同一）とした場合、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズを変えるために満たすべき条件等をまとめた表である。When the distances between the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 are the same (or substantially the same), the scanning regions A Wide , A Mid , It is the table | surface which put together the conditions etc. which should be satisfied in order to change the size of A Hot . 図２８Ａに記載の「Ｌ」及び「βh_max」を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating "L" and "(beta) h_max" described in FIG. 28A. 図２８Ｂに記載の「Ｓ」、「βv_max」及びＬを説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating "S", "(beta) v_max", and L which are described in FIG. 28B. 各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を変えた例である。This is an example in which the distance between each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is changed. 各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに印加される駆動電圧を同一（又は略同一）とした場合、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズを変えるために満たすべき条件等をまとめた表である。When the driving voltages applied to the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot are the same (or substantially the same), conditions to be satisfied in order to change the sizes of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , A Hot , etc. Is a table summarizing 各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに印加される駆動電圧を同一（又は略同一）とした場合、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズを変えるために満たすべき条件等をまとめた表である。When the driving voltages applied to the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot are the same (or substantially the same), conditions to be satisfied in order to change the sizes of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , A Hot , etc. Is a table summarizing 車両用灯具３００（変形例）の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the vehicle lamp 300 (modification). 本発明の第３実施形態である車両用灯具４００の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the vehicle lamp 400 which is 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 図３３に示した車両用灯具４００の断面斜視図である。It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the vehicle lamp 400 shown in FIG. 車両用灯具３００（変形例）の縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the vehicle lamp 300 (modification). 光分配器６８の内部構造例である。2 is an example of an internal structure of an optical distributor 68. 従来の車両用灯具５００の概略図である。It is the schematic of the conventional vehicle lamp 500.
　以下、本発明の第１実施形態である車両用灯具について、図面を参照しながら説明する。 Hereinafter, a vehicular lamp that is a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
　図１は、本発明の第１実施形態である車両用灯具１０の縦断面図である。 FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a vehicular lamp 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
　図１に示すように、本実施形態の車両用灯具１０は、励起光源１２、集光レンズ１４で集光された励起光源１２からの励起光Ｒａｙを二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する光偏光器２０１、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する励起光Ｒａｙにより所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像が描画される波長変換部材１８、波長変換部材１８に描画された二次元像を前方に投影する投影レンズ２０等を備えた車両用前照灯として構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicular lamp 10 according to the present embodiment two-dimensionally (in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction) the excitation light Ray from the excitation light source 12 and the excitation light source 12 collected by the condenser lens 14. ) Optical polarizer 201 for scanning, wavelength conversion member 18 on which a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern is drawn by excitation light Ray that optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction), The vehicle headlamp includes a projection lens 20 that projects a two-dimensional image drawn on the wavelength conversion member 18 forward.
　光偏光器２０１、波長変換部材１８及び投影レンズ２０は、図１に示すように、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する励起光源１２からの励起光Ｒａｙが、波長変換部材１８の後面１８ａから前面１８ｂに透過するように配置されている。すなわち、光偏光器２０１が波長変換部材１８に対して後方側に配置され、投影レンズ２０が波長変換部材１８に対して前方側に配置されている。このような配置は透過型と称される。この場合、励起光源１２は、波長変換部材１８に対して後方側又は前方側のいずれに配置されていてもよい。なお、図１においては、投影レンズ２０が４枚のレンズ２０Ａ～２０Ｄ群からなる投影レンズとして構成されているが、投影レンズ２０は１枚の非球面レンズからなる投影レンズとして構成されていてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, the optical polarizer 201, the wavelength conversion member 18, and the projection lens 20 receive excitation light Ray from the excitation light source 12 that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal and vertical directions). The wavelength conversion member 18 is disposed so as to be transmitted from the rear surface 18a to the front surface 18b. That is, the optical polarizer 201 is disposed on the rear side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18, and the projection lens 20 is disposed on the front side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18. Such an arrangement is called a transmission type. In this case, the excitation light source 12 may be disposed on the rear side or the front side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18. In FIG. 1, the projection lens 20 is configured as a projection lens including four lenses 20A to 20D, but the projection lens 20 may be configured as a projection lens including one aspheric lens. Good.
　なお、光偏光器２０１、波長変換部材１８及び投影レンズ２０は、図２に示すように、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する励起光源１２からの励起光Ｒａｙが、波長変換部材１８の前面１８ｂに入射するように配置されていてもよい。すなわち、光偏光器２０１及び投影レンズ２０がいずれも波長変換部材１８に対して前方側に配置されていてもよい。このような配置は反射型と称される。この場合、励起光源１２は、波長変換部材１８に対して後方側又は前方側のいずれに配置されていてもよい。この図２に示す反射型の配置によれば、図１に示す透過型の配置と比べ、車両用灯具１０の基準軸ＡＸ方向の寸法を短くできるという利点がある。なお、図２においては、投影レンズ２０が１枚の非球面レンズからなる投影レンズとして構成されているが、投影レンズ２０は複数枚のレンズ群からなる投影レンズとして構成されていてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 2, the optical polarizer 201, the wavelength conversion member 18, and the projection lens 20 include excitation light from the excitation light source 12 that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal and vertical directions). The Ray may be disposed so as to enter the front surface 18 b of the wavelength conversion member 18. That is, both the optical polarizer 201 and the projection lens 20 may be disposed on the front side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18. Such an arrangement is called a reflection type. In this case, the excitation light source 12 may be disposed on the rear side or the front side with respect to the wavelength conversion member 18. The reflective arrangement shown in FIG. 2 has an advantage that the dimension of the vehicular lamp 10 in the reference axis AX direction can be shortened as compared with the transmissive arrangement shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the projection lens 20 is configured as a projection lens composed of one aspheric lens, but the projection lens 20 may be configured as a projection lens composed of a plurality of lens groups.
　励起光源１２は、例えば、励起光として青色域（例えば、発光波長が４５０ｎｍ）のレーザー光を放出するレーザーダイオード（ＬＤ）等の半導体発光素子である。なお、励起光源１２は、近紫外域（例えば、発光波長が４０５ｎｍ）のレーザー光を放出するレーザーダイオード等の半導体発光素子であってもよい。また、励起光源１２は、ＬＥＤ（Light Emitting Diode）であってもよい。励起光源１２からの励起光は、集光レンズ１４で集光されて（例えばコリメートされて）光偏光器２０１（ミラー部）に入射する。 The excitation light source 12 is, for example, a semiconductor light emitting element such as a laser diode (LD) that emits laser light in a blue region (for example, emission wavelength is 450 nm) as excitation light. The excitation light source 12 may be a semiconductor light emitting element such as a laser diode that emits laser light in the near ultraviolet region (for example, the emission wavelength is 405 nm). The excitation light source 12 may be an LED (Light （Emitting Diode). Excitation light from the excitation light source 12 is condensed (for example, collimated) by the condenser lens 14 and enters the optical polarizer 201 (mirror part).
　波長変換部材１８は、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する励起光としてのレーザー光を受けて当該レーザー光の少なくとも一部を異なる波長の光に変換する外形が矩形形状の板状（又は層状）の波長変換部材である。波長変換部材１８は、図１においては、その後面１８ａの外形に沿った周囲が枠体２２に固定されて、投影レンズ２０の焦点Ｆ近傍に配置されている。なお、図２においては、波長変換部材１８は、その後面１８ａが支持体４６に固定されて、投影レンズ２０の焦点Ｆ近傍に配置されている。 The wavelength converting member 18 has an outer shape that receives laser light as excitation light that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) and converts at least part of the laser light into light of different wavelengths. Is a rectangular plate-shaped (or layered) wavelength conversion member. In FIG. 1, the wavelength conversion member 18 is disposed in the vicinity of the focal point F of the projection lens 20 with the periphery along the outer shape of the rear surface 18 a fixed to the frame body 22. In FIG. 2, the wavelength conversion member 18 is disposed in the vicinity of the focal point F of the projection lens 20 with the rear surface 18 a fixed to the support 46.
　例えば、励起光源１２として青色域のレーザー光を放出するレーザーダイオード（ＬＤ）を用いる場合、波長変換部材１８として青色域のレーザー光によって励起されて黄色光を発光する外形が矩形形状の板状（又は層状）の蛍光体が用いられる。波長変換部材１８には、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する青色域のレーザー光により所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像が白色の像として描画される。二次元像が白色の像として描画されるのは、青色域のレーザー光が照射された場合、波長変換部材１８は、これを透過する青色域のレーザー光と青色域のレーザー光による発光（黄色光）との混色による白色光（疑似白色光）を放出することによるものである。 For example, when a laser diode (LD) that emits blue laser light is used as the excitation light source 12, the wavelength conversion member 18 is a plate having a rectangular outer shape that is excited by blue laser light and emits yellow light. Or a layered phosphor) is used. On the wavelength conversion member 18, a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern is drawn as a white image by laser light in a blue region that is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by the optical polarizer 201. . The two-dimensional image is drawn as a white image when the laser beam in the blue region is irradiated, the wavelength conversion member 18 emits light by the laser beam in the blue region and the laser beam in the blue region that transmits the yellow light (yellow). This is due to the emission of white light (pseudo white light) by color mixing with the light.
　一方、励起光源１２として近紫外域のレーザー光を放出するレーザーダイオード（ＬＤ）を用いる場合、波長変換部材１８として近紫外域のレーザー光によって励起されて赤、緑、青の３色の光を発光する外形が矩形形状の板状（又は層状）の蛍光体が用いられる。波長変換部材１８には、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する近紫外域のレーザー光により所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像が白色の像として描画される。二次元像が白色の像として描画されるのは、近紫外域のレーザー光が照射された場合、波長変換部材１８は、近紫外域のレーザー光による発光（赤、緑、青の３色の光）の混色による白色光（疑似白色光）を放出することによるものである。 On the other hand, when a laser diode (LD) that emits near-ultraviolet laser light is used as the excitation light source 12, the wavelength conversion member 18 is excited by near-ultraviolet laser light and emits light of three colors, red, green, and blue. A plate-shaped (or layered) phosphor having a rectangular outer shape for emitting light is used. A two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern is drawn as a white image on the wavelength conversion member 18 by a near-ultraviolet laser beam scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by the optical polarizer 201. The The two-dimensional image is drawn as a white image when the near-ultraviolet laser light is irradiated, the wavelength conversion member 18 emits light by the near-ultraviolet laser light (red, green, and blue). This is due to the emission of white light (pseudo white light) due to the color mixture of the light.
　投影レンズ２０は、図１に示すように、像面が平面になるように収差（像面湾曲）が補正され（かつ色収差が補正され）た４枚のレンズ２０Ａ～２０Ｄ群からなる投影レンズとして構成されている。この場合、波長変換部材１８は、平板形状のものが用いられ、像面（平面）に沿って配置される。投影レンズ２０の焦点Ｆは、波長変換部材１８近傍に位置している。この投影レンズ２０により、一枚の凸レンズを用いる場合と比べ、所定配光パターンに対する収差の影響を除去することができる。また、波長変換部材１８が平板形状であるため、波長変換部材１８が曲面形状である場合と比べ、その製造が容易となる。さらに、波長変換部材１８が平板形状であるため、波長変換部材１８が曲面形状である場合と比べ、二次元像の描画が容易となる。 As shown in FIG. 1, the projection lens 20 is a projection lens composed of a group of four lenses 20A to 20D in which aberration (field curvature) is corrected (and chromatic aberration is corrected) so that the image plane is flat. It is configured. In this case, the wavelength conversion member 18 has a flat plate shape and is disposed along the image plane (plane). The focal point F of the projection lens 20 is located in the vicinity of the wavelength conversion member 18. The projection lens 20 can eliminate the influence of aberrations on the predetermined light distribution pattern as compared with the case of using a single convex lens. In addition, since the wavelength conversion member 18 has a flat plate shape, its manufacture becomes easier as compared with the case where the wavelength conversion member 18 has a curved surface shape. Furthermore, since the wavelength conversion member 18 has a flat plate shape, it is easier to draw a two-dimensional image than when the wavelength conversion member 18 has a curved surface shape.
　なお、投影レンズ２０は、像面が平面になるように収差（像面湾曲）が補正されていない１枚の非球面レンズからなる投影レンズとして構成されていてもよい。この場合、波長変換部材１８は、像面湾曲に対応して湾曲した形状のものが用いられ、像面湾曲に沿って配置される。投影レンズ２０の焦点Ｆは、波長変換部材１８近傍に位置している。 It should be noted that the projection lens 20 may be configured as a projection lens composed of a single aspheric lens whose aberration (field curvature) is not corrected so that the image plane is flat. In this case, the wavelength conversion member 18 has a curved shape corresponding to the curvature of field, and is disposed along the curvature of field. The focal point F of the projection lens 20 is located in the vicinity of the wavelength conversion member 18.
　投影レンズ２０は、波長変換部材１８に描画される所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像を前方に投影して、車両用灯具１０に正対した仮想鉛直スクリーン（車両用灯具１０の前方約２５ｍの位置に配置されている）上に、所定配光パターン（ロービーム用配光パターン又はハイビーム用配光パターン等）を形成する。 The projection lens 20 projects a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern drawn on the wavelength conversion member 18 to the front, and a virtual vertical screen facing the vehicle lamp 10 (about 25 m ahead of the vehicle lamp 10). A predetermined light distribution pattern (such as a low beam light distribution pattern or a high beam light distribution pattern).
　光偏光器２０１は、集光レンズ１４で集光（例えばコリメート）された励起光源１２からの励起光Ｒａｙを二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する。 The optical polarizer 201 scans the excitation light Ray from the excitation light source 12 condensed (for example, collimated) by the condenser lens two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction).
　光偏光器２０１は、例えば、ＭＥＭＳ（Micro Electro Mechanical Systems）スキャナである。光偏光器の駆動方式には大別して圧電方式、静電方式、電磁方式があるが、いずれの方式であってもよい。本実施形態では、圧電方式の光偏光器を代表して説明する。 The optical polarizer 201 is, for example, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) scanner. The driving method of the optical polarizer is roughly classified into a piezoelectric method, an electrostatic method, and an electromagnetic method, and any method may be used. In the present embodiment, a piezoelectric optical polarizer will be described as a representative.
　圧電方式には大別して１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプ、２軸非共振タイプ、２軸共振タイプがあるが、いずれの方式であってもよい。 The piezoelectric method is roughly classified into a uniaxial non-resonant type, a uniaxial resonant type, a biaxial non-resonant type, and a biaxial resonant type, but any method may be used.
　まず、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１について説明する。 First, the uniaxial nonresonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201 will be described.
　＜１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプ＞
　図３は、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１の斜視図である。 <Uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type>
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201.
　図３に示すように、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１は、ミラー部２０２（ＭＥＭＳミラーとも称される）と、ミラー部２０２をトーションバー２１１ａ、２１１ｂを介して駆動する第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４と、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４を支持する可動枠２１２と、可動枠２１２を駆動する第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６と、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を支持する台座２１５とを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 3, a uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201 drives a mirror unit 202 (also referred to as a MEMS mirror) and the mirror unit 202 via torsion bars 211a and 211b. First piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, a movable frame 212 that supports the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 that drive the movable frame 212, and a pedestal that supports the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 215.
　ミラー部２０２は円形形状で、その両端から外側へ延びたトーションバー２１１ａ、２１１ｂが連結されている。また、ミラー部２０２を囲むように、半円弧形状の第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４が空隙を隔てて設けられている。第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４は、それぞれの一方の端部が一方のトーションバー２１１ａを挟んで対向して連結され、それぞれの他方の端部が他方のトーションバー２１１ｂを挟んで対向して連結されている。また、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４は、その円弧部の中心位置の外側が、ミラー部２０２と第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４とを囲むように設けられた可動枠２１２に連結されて支持されている。 Mirror portion 202 has a circular shape, and torsion bars 211a and 211b extending outward from both ends thereof are connected. Moreover, semicircular arc-shaped first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are provided with a gap therebetween so as to surround the mirror portion 202. The first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are connected so that one end of each is opposed to sandwich the one torsion bar 211a, and the other end is coupled to face each other across the other torsion bar 211b. ing. Further, the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are supported by being connected to a movable frame 212 provided outside the center position of the arc portion so as to surround the mirror portion 202 and the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204. Yes.
　可動枠２１２は矩形形状で、トーションバー２１１ａ、２１１ｂに直交する方向の１対の両側が、可動枠２１２を挟んで対向した第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６の先端部にそれぞれ連結されている。また、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６は、その基端部が、可動枠２１２と第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６とを囲むように設けられた台座２１５上の支持体基端部２１４に連結されて支持されている。 The movable frame 212 has a rectangular shape, and a pair of both sides in a direction orthogonal to the torsion bars 211a and 211b are connected to the tip portions of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 facing each other with the movable frame 212 interposed therebetween. In addition, the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are connected at their base end portions to support base end portions 214 on a base 215 provided so as to surround the movable frame 212 and the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. It is supported.
　第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４は、それぞれ、図４Ａに示すように、支持体２０３ａ、２０４ａと下部電極２０３ｂ、２０４ｂと圧電体２０３ｃ、２０４ｃと上部電極２０３ｄ、２０４ｄとを有する１つの圧電カンチレバーを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 4A, each of the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 includes one piezoelectric cantilever having support bodies 203a and 204a, lower electrodes 203b and 204b, piezoelectric bodies 203c and 204c, and upper electrodes 203d and 204d. ing.
　図３に示すように、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６は、それぞれ、６つの圧電カンチレバー２０５Ａ～２０５Ｆ、２０６Ａ～２０６Ｆがそれぞれの端部において折り返すように連結されて、全体として蛇腹状の圧電アクチュエータを構成している。各々の圧電カンチレバー２０５Ａ～２０５Ｆ、２０６Ａ～２０６Ｆは、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４が有する圧電カンチレバーと同様の構成とされている。 As shown in FIG. 3, the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are connected so that the six piezoelectric cantilevers 205A to 205F and 206A to 206F are folded back at their respective ends, thereby forming a bellows-like piezoelectric actuator as a whole. It is composed. Each of the piezoelectric cantilevers 205A to 205F and 206A to 206F has the same configuration as the piezoelectric cantilevers included in the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204.
　次に、ミラー部２０２の動作（第１軸Ｘ１周りの揺動）について説明する。 Next, the operation of the mirror unit 202 (oscillation around the first axis X1) will be described.
　図４Ａ及び図４Ｂには、図３に示す４－４断面図が示されている。図４Ａは第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に電圧を印加していない状態を示し、図４Ｂは電圧を印加している状態を示す。 4A and 4B show a 4-4 cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 4A shows a state where no voltage is applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, and FIG. 4B shows a state where a voltage is applied.
　図４Ｂに示すように、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４の上部電極２０３ｄ、２０４ｄと下部電極２０３ｂ、２０４ｂとの間にそれぞれ互いに逆極性の電圧±Ｖｄを印加して駆動させると、互いに逆方向に屈曲変形する。この屈曲変形により、トーションバー２１１ｂが図４Ｂに示すように回転する。トーションバー２１１ａも同様である。このトーションバー２１１ａ、２１１ｂの回転に応じてミラー部２０２が可動枠２１２に対して第１軸Ｘ１を中心に揺動する。 As shown in FIG. 4B, when the voltages ± Vd having opposite polarities are applied between the upper electrodes 203d and 204d and the lower electrodes 203b and 204b of the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, respectively, they are driven in opposite directions. Bends and deforms. By this bending deformation, the torsion bar 211b rotates as shown in FIG. 4B. The same applies to the torsion bar 211a. In response to the rotation of the torsion bars 211a and 211b, the mirror unit 202 swings about the first axis X1 with respect to the movable frame 212.
　次に、ミラー部２０２の動作（第２軸Ｘ２周りの揺動）について説明する。 Next, the operation of the mirror unit 202 (oscillation around the second axis X2) will be described.
　図５Ａは第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に電圧を印加していない状態を示し、図５Ｂは電圧を印加している状態を示す。 FIG. 5A shows a state where no voltage is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206, and FIG. 5B shows a state where a voltage is applied.
　図５Ｂに示すように、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０６に電圧を印加して、可動枠２１２側から奇数番目の圧電カンチレバー２０６Ａ、２０６Ｃ、２０６Ｅを上方向に屈曲変形させると共に、偶数番目の圧電カンチレバー２０６Ｂ、２０６Ｄ、２０６Ｆを下方向に屈曲変形させる。これにより、圧電アクチュエータ２０６では、各圧電カンチレバー２０６Ａ～２０６Ｆの屈曲変形の大きさを加算した大きさの角度変位が発生する。第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５についても同様である。この角度変位により、可動枠２１２（及びこれに保持されたミラー部２０２）が台座２１５に対して第１軸Ｘ１と直交する第２軸Ｘ２を中心に回転する。なお、第１軸Ｘ１と第２軸Ｘ２は、ミラー部２０２の中心（重心）において直交している。 As shown in FIG. 5B, a voltage is applied to the second piezoelectric actuator 206 to bend and deform the odd-numbered piezoelectric cantilevers 206A, 206C, and 206E upward from the movable frame 212 side, and the even-numbered piezoelectric cantilevers 206B, 206D and 206F are bent and deformed downward. Accordingly, in the piezoelectric actuator 206, an angular displacement having a magnitude obtained by adding the magnitudes of the bending deformations of the piezoelectric cantilevers 206A to 206F is generated. The same applies to the second piezoelectric actuator 205. Due to this angular displacement, the movable frame 212 (and the mirror unit 202 held by the movable frame 212) rotate about the second axis X2 perpendicular to the first axis X1 with respect to the pedestal 215. The first axis X1 and the second axis X2 are orthogonal to each other at the center (center of gravity) of the mirror unit 202.
　ミラー部２０２のミラー部支持体、トーションバー２１１ａ、２１１ｂ、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４の支持体、可動枠２１２、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６の支持体、台座２１５上の支持体基端部２１４は、シリコン基板を形状加工することにより１枚の支持体として一体的に形成されている。さらに、台座２１５もシリコン基板から形成され、シリコン基板を形状加工することにより前記１枚の支持体と一体的に形成されている。このようにシリコン基板を形状加工する手法については、例えば、特開２００８－４０２４０号公報に詳細に記載されている。また、ミラー部２０２と可動枠２１２との間には空隙が設けられ、ミラー部２０２が可動枠２１２に対して第１軸Ｘ１を中心に所定角度まで揺動可能となっている。また、可動枠２１２と台座２１５との間には空隙が設けられ、可動枠２１２（及びこれに支持されたミラー部２０２）が台座２１５に対して第２軸Ｘ２を中心に所定角度まで揺動可能となっている。 Mirror unit support of mirror unit 202, torsion bars 211a and 211b, support of first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, support of movable frame 212 and second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206, support base end on pedestal 215 Reference numeral 214 is integrally formed as a single support by shaping the silicon substrate. Further, the pedestal 215 is also formed from a silicon substrate, and is formed integrally with the one support by shaping the silicon substrate. The technique for processing the shape of the silicon substrate in this way is described in detail in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-40240. In addition, a gap is provided between the mirror unit 202 and the movable frame 212, and the mirror unit 202 can swing up to a predetermined angle with respect to the movable frame 212 about the first axis X1. In addition, a gap is provided between the movable frame 212 and the pedestal 215, and the movable frame 212 (and the mirror unit 202 supported by the movable frame 212) swings with respect to the pedestal 215 to a predetermined angle about the second axis X2. It is possible.
　光偏光器２０１は、各々の圧電アクチュエータ２０３～２０６に駆動電圧を印加するための電極セット２０７、２０８を備えている。 The optical polarizer 201 includes electrode sets 207 and 208 for applying a driving voltage to each of the piezoelectric actuators 203 to 206.
　一方の電極セット２０７は、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３に駆動電圧を印加するための上部電極パッド２０７ａと、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５の先端部から奇数番目の圧電カンチレバー２０５Ａ、２０５Ｃ、２０５Ｅに駆動電圧を印加するための第１上部電極パッド２０７ｂと、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５の先端部から偶数番目の圧電カンチレバー２０５Ｂ、２０５Ｄ、２０５Ｆに駆動電圧を印加するための第２上部電極パッド２０７ｃと、上部電極パッド２０７ａ～２０７ｃの共通の下部電極として用いられる共通下部電極２０７ｄとを含んでいる。 One electrode set 207 applies an upper electrode pad 207a for applying a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 203 and an odd-numbered piezoelectric cantilever 205A, 205C, 205E from the tip of the second piezoelectric actuator 205. A first upper electrode pad 207b for applying a driving voltage to the even-numbered piezoelectric cantilevers 205B, 205D, and 205F from the tip of the second piezoelectric actuator 205, and an upper electrode pad 207a 207c to 207c and a common lower electrode 207d used as a common lower electrode.
　同様に、他方の電極セット２０８は、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０４に駆動電圧を印加するための上部電極パッド２０８ａと、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０６の先端部から奇数番目の圧電カンチレバー２０６Ａ、２０６Ｃ、２０６Ｅに駆動電圧を印加するための第１上部電極パッド２０８ｂと、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５の先端部から偶数番目の圧電カンチレバー２０６Ｂ、２０６Ｄ、２０６Ｆに駆動電圧を印加するための第２上部電極パッド２０８ｃと、これらの３つの上部電極パッド２０８ａ～２０８ｃの共通の下部電極として用いられる共通下部電極２０８ｄとを含んでいる。 Similarly, the other electrode set 208 is driven by the upper electrode pad 208a for applying a driving voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 204 and the odd-numbered piezoelectric cantilevers 206A, 206C, 206E from the tip of the second piezoelectric actuator 206. A first upper electrode pad 208b for applying a voltage, a second upper electrode pad 208c for applying a driving voltage to the even-numbered piezoelectric cantilevers 206B, 206D, and 206F from the tip of the second piezoelectric actuator 205, and these A common lower electrode 208d used as a common lower electrode of the three upper electrode pads 208a to 208c.
　本実施形態では、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３に駆動電圧として第１交流電圧を印加し、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０４に駆動電圧として第２交流電圧を印加する。第１交流電圧と第２交流電圧とは、互いに逆位相或いは位相のずれた交流電圧（例えば正弦波）とする。その際、トーションバー２１１ａ、２１１ｂを含むミラー部２０２の機械的な共振周波数（第一次共振点）付近の周波数の交流電圧を印加して、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４を共振駆動させる。これにより、ミラー部２０２が可動枠２１２に対して第１軸Ｘ１を中心に往復揺動し、ミラー部２０２に入射する励起光源１２からの励起光としてのレーザー光が第１方向（例えば水平方向）に走査される。 In the present embodiment, a first AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 203, and a second AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 204. The first AC voltage and the second AC voltage are AC voltages (for example, sine waves) that are opposite in phase or out of phase with each other. At that time, an AC voltage having a frequency near the mechanical resonance frequency (primary resonance point) of the mirror unit 202 including the torsion bars 211a and 211b is applied to drive the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 to resonance. Thereby, the mirror unit 202 reciprocally swings around the first axis X1 with respect to the movable frame 212, and the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror unit 202 is in the first direction (for example, the horizontal direction). ).
　また、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６にそれぞれ駆動電圧として第３交流電圧を印加する。その際、ミラー部２０２、トーションバー２１１ａ、２１１ｂ、及び第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４を含む可動枠２１２の機械的な共振周波数（第一次共振点）より小さい所定値以下の周波数の交流電圧を印加して、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させる。これにより、ミラー部２０２が台座２１５に対して第２軸Ｘ２を中心に往復揺動し、ミラー部２０２に入射する励起光源１２からの励起光としてのレーザー光が第２方向（例えば垂直方向）に走査される。 Also, a third AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206, respectively. At that time, an AC voltage having a frequency lower than a predetermined value smaller than a mechanical resonance frequency (primary resonance point) of the movable frame 212 including the mirror unit 202, the torsion bars 211a and 211b, and the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 is applied. This is applied to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner. Thereby, the mirror unit 202 reciprocally swings around the second axis X2 with respect to the pedestal 215, and the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror unit 202 is in the second direction (for example, the vertical direction). Scanned.
　１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１は、第１軸Ｘ１が鉛直面に含まれ、第２軸Ｘ２が水平面に含まれた状態で配置されている。光偏光器２０１をこのように配置することで、車両用前照灯において求められる、水平方向にワイドで垂直方向に薄い所定配光パターン（所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像）を容易に形成（描画）することができる。その理由は次のとおりである。 The uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201 is arranged with the first axis X1 included in the vertical plane and the second axis X2 included in the horizontal plane. By arranging the optical polarizer 201 in this manner, a predetermined light distribution pattern (two-dimensional image corresponding to the predetermined light distribution pattern) that is wide in the horizontal direction and thin in the vertical direction, which is required in a vehicle headlamp, can be easily obtained. It can be formed (drawn). The reason is as follows.
　すなわち、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１においては、ミラー部２０２の第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする最大振り角より、ミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする最大振り角が大きくなる。例えば、ミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする往復揺動が共振駆動によるものであるため、ミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする最大振り角が図６Ａに示すように１０～２０度となるのに対して、ミラー部２０２の第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする往復揺動が非共振駆動によるものであるため、ミラー部２０２の第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする最大振り角が図６Ｂに示すように７度程度となる。その結果、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１を上記のように配置することで、車両用前照灯において求められる、水平方向にワイドで垂直方向に薄い所定配光パターン（所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像）を容易に形成（描画）することができる。 In other words, in the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201, the maximum swing around the first axis X <b> 1 of the mirror unit 202 is greater than the maximum swing angle about the second axis X <b> 2 of the mirror unit 202. The corner becomes larger. For example, since the reciprocating oscillation about the first axis X1 of the mirror unit 202 is due to resonance driving, the maximum swing angle about the first axis X1 of the mirror unit 202 is 10 to 10 as shown in FIG. 6A. Whereas the angle is 20 degrees, the reciprocating swing around the second axis X2 of the mirror unit 202 is due to non-resonant driving, so the maximum swing angle of the mirror unit 202 around the second axis X2 is As shown in FIG. 6B, it is about 7 degrees. As a result, by arranging the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201 as described above, a predetermined light distribution pattern (wide in the horizontal direction and thin in the vertical direction) required in the vehicle headlamp ( It is possible to easily form (draw) a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern.
　以上のように各々の圧電アクチュエータ２０３～２０６の駆動により、励起光源１２からの励起光としてのレーザー光が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査される。 As described above, the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by driving each of the piezoelectric actuators 203 to 206.
　光偏光器２０１は、図３に示すように、トーションバー２１１ａのミラー部２０２側の付け根に配置されたＨセンサ２２０、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６の基端部側（例えば、圧電カンチレバー２０５Ｆ、２０６Ｆ）に配置されたＶセンサ２２２を備えている。 As shown in FIG. 3, the optical polarizer 201 includes an H sensor 220 disposed at the base of the torsion bar 211a on the mirror unit 202 side, and proximal end sides of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 (for example, a piezoelectric cantilever 205F, 206F) is provided.
　Ｈセンサ２２０は、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４が有する圧電カンチレバーと同様の圧電素子（ＰＺＴ：lead zirconate titanate）で、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４の屈曲変形（変位量）に応じた電圧を発生する。Ｖセンサ２２２は、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６が有する圧電カンチレバーと同様の圧電素子（ＰＺＴ）で、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６の屈曲変形（変位量）に応じた電圧を発生する。 The H sensor 220 is a piezoelectric element (PZT: lead zirconate titanate) similar to the piezoelectric cantilever included in the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, and generates a voltage corresponding to the bending deformation (displacement amount) of the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204. To do. The V sensor 222 is a piezoelectric element (PZT) similar to the piezoelectric cantilever included in the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206, and generates a voltage corresponding to the bending deformation (displacement amount) of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206.
　光偏光器２０１においては、温度変化により光偏光器２０１を構成する材料の固有振動数が変化することに起因して、図１９に示すように、ミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振り角（半角）が変化する。これは、次のようにして抑制することができる。例えば、駆動信号（第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加する第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧）とセンサ信号（Ｈセンサ２２０の出力）に基づいて、ミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振り角（半角）が目標値となるように、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加する第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧の周波数（又は第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧自体）をフィードバック制御することで、抑制することができる。 In the optical polarizer 201, as shown in FIG. 19, the first axis X <b> 1 of the mirror unit 202 is centered because the natural frequency of the material constituting the optical polarizer 201 changes due to temperature change. The machine swing angle (half angle) changes. This can be suppressed as follows. For example, based on the drive signal (the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204) and the sensor signal (the output of the H sensor 220), the first axis X1 of the mirror unit 202 is centered. The frequency of the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 (or the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage itself) so that the mechanical swing angle (half angle) to be achieved becomes a target value. It can suppress by performing feedback control.
　次に、本出願の発明者らが検討した、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加する第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧の周波数として望ましい周波数、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧として望ましい周波数について説明する。 Next, the inventors investigated the present application, the first AC voltage to be applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, the desired frequency as the frequency of the second AC voltage, and the third frequency to be applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. A frequency desirable as an AC voltage will be described.
　本出願の発明者らは、実験を行いその結果を検討した結果、上記構成の１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１においては、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加する第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧の周波数（以下水平走査周波数ｆHと称する）としては、約４～３０ｋＨｚ（正弦波）が望ましく、２７ｋＨｚ±３ｋＨｚ（正弦波）がより望ましいとの結論に達した。 The inventors of the present application conducted experiments and studied the results, and as a result, in the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201 having the above-described configuration, the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204. It has been concluded that the frequency of the AC voltage and the second AC voltage (hereinafter referred to as the horizontal scanning frequency f H ) is preferably about 4 to 30 kHz (sine wave), and more preferably 27 kHz ± 3 kHz (sine wave).
　また、本出願の発明者らは、ハイビーム用配光パターンを考慮すると、鉛直軸Ｖに対して左１５度、右１５度の範囲において水平方向に０．１度（又はそれ以下）刻みでオンオフ（点灯非点灯）できるように、水平方向の解像度（画素数）を３００（又はそれ以上）とするのが望ましいとの結論に達した。 Further, the inventors of the present application consider the high beam light distribution pattern and turn it on and off in increments of 0.1 degrees (or less) in the horizontal direction within the range of 15 degrees to the left and 15 degrees to the right with respect to the vertical axis V. It was concluded that it is desirable to set the horizontal resolution (number of pixels) to 300 (or more) so that it can be turned on and off.
　また、本出願の発明者らは、実験を行いその結果を検討した結果、上記構成の１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１においては、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧の周波数（以下垂直走査周波数ｆVと称する）としては、５５Ｈｚ以上（鋸歯状波）が望ましく、５５Ｈｚ～１２０Ｈｚ（鋸歯状波）がより望ましく、５５Ｈｚ～１００Ｈｚ（鋸歯状波）がさらに望ましく、特に、７０Ｈｚ±１０Ｈｚ（鋸歯状波）が望ましいとの結論に達した。 The inventors of the present application conducted experiments and examined the results, and as a result, in the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer 201 having the above-described configuration, the inventors applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206. The frequency of the third AC voltage (hereinafter referred to as the vertical scanning frequency f V ) is preferably 55 Hz or more (sawtooth wave), more preferably 55 Hz to 120 Hz (sawtooth wave), and 55 Hz to 100 Hz (sawtooth wave). It has been concluded that 70 Hz ± 10 Hz (sawtooth wave) is particularly desirable.
　また、予め定められた通常走行速度（例えば時速０ｋｍ～１５０ｋｍ）を考慮すると、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧の周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）としては、５０Ｈｚ以上（鋸歯状波）が望ましく、５０Ｈｚ～１２０Ｈｚ（鋸歯状波）がより望ましく、５０Ｈｚ～１００Ｈｚ（鋸歯状波）がさらに望ましく、特に、７０Ｈｚ±１０Ｈｚ（鋸歯状波）が望ましいとの結論に達した。なお、フレームレートは垂直走査周波数ｆVに依存するため、垂直走査周波数ｆVが７０Ｈｚの場合、フレームレートは７０ｆｐｓとなる。 In consideration of a predetermined normal traveling speed (for example, 0 km to 150 km / h), the frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) of the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is 50 Hz or more (sawtooth) It is concluded that 50 Hz to 120 Hz (sawtooth wave) is more desirable, 50 Hz to 100 Hz (sawtooth wave) is more desirable, and in particular 70 Hz ± 10 Hz (sawtooth wave) is desirable. Since the frame rate is dependent on the vertical frequency f V, when the vertical scanning frequency f V of 70 Hz, the frame rate is 70fps.
　垂直走査周波数ｆVが５５Ｈｚ以上の場合、所定配光パターンは、仮想鉛直スクリーン上において、フレームレートが５５ｆｐｓ以上の画像（動画又は映像ともいえる）として形成される。同様に、垂直走査周波数ｆVが５５Ｈｚ～１２０Ｈｚの場合、所定配光パターンは、仮想鉛直スクリーン上において、フレームレートが５５ｆｐｓ以上１２０ｆｐｓ以下の画像（動画又は映像ともいえる）として形成される。同様に、垂直走査周波数ｆVが５５Ｈｚ～１００Ｈｚの場合、所定配光パターンは、仮想鉛直スクリーン上において、フレームレートが５５ｆｐｓ以上１００ｆｐｓ以下の画像（動画又は映像ともいえる）として形成される。同様に、垂直走査周波数ｆVが７０Ｈｚ±１０Ｈｚの場合、所定配光パターンは、仮想鉛直スクリーン上において、フレームレートが７０ｆｐｓ±１０ｆｐｓの画像（動画又は映像ともいえる）として形成される。垂直走査周波数ｆVが５０Ｈｚ以上、５０Ｈｚ～１２０Ｈｚ、５０Ｈｚ～１００Ｈｚ、７０Ｈｚ±１０Ｈｚの場合も同様である。 When the vertical scanning frequency f V is 55 Hz or higher, the predetermined light distribution pattern is formed as an image (also referred to as a moving image or video) having a frame rate of 55 fps or higher on the virtual vertical screen. Similarly, when the vertical scanning frequency f V is 55 Hz to 120 Hz, the predetermined light distribution pattern is formed as an image (also referred to as a moving image or a video) having a frame rate of 55 fps to 120 fps on the virtual vertical screen. Similarly, when the vertical scanning frequency f V is 55 Hz to 100 Hz, the predetermined light distribution pattern is formed as an image (also referred to as a moving image or a video) having a frame rate of 55 fps to 100 fps on the virtual vertical screen. Similarly, when the vertical scanning frequency f V is 70 Hz ± 10 Hz, the predetermined light distribution pattern is formed as an image (also referred to as a moving image or a video) having a frame rate of 70 fps ± 10 fps on the virtual vertical screen. The same applies to the case where the vertical scanning frequency f V is 50 Hz or more, 50 Hz to 120 Hz, 50 Hz to 100 Hz, and 70 Hz ± 10 Hz.
　垂直方向の解像度（垂直走査線数）は、次の式で求められる。 The vertical resolution (number of vertical scanning lines) is obtained by the following formula.
　垂直方向の解像度（垂直走査線数）＝２×（垂直走査の利用時間係数：ＫV）×ｆH／ｆV
　この式に基づけば、例えば、水平走査周波数ｆH＝２５ｋＨｚ、垂直走査周波数ｆV＝７０Ｈｚ、垂直走査の利用時間係数ＫV＝０．９～０．８の場合、垂直走査線数は、２×２５ｋＨｚ／７０Ｈｚ*０．９～０．８５=約６００本となる。 Resolution in the vertical direction (number of vertical scanning lines) = 2 × (usage factor of vertical scanning: K V ) × f H / f V
Based on this equation, for example, when the horizontal scanning frequency f H = 25 kHz, the vertical scanning frequency f V = 70 Hz, and the vertical scanning utilization time coefficient K V = 0.9 to 0.8, the number of vertical scanning lines is 2 × 25 kHz / 70 Hz * 0.9 to 0.85 = about 600
　以上の望ましい垂直走査周波数ｆVは、従来、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具において全く用いられていなかった周波数であり、本願の発明者らが行った実験の結果、見出したものである。すなわち、従来、一般照明分野（自動車用前照灯等の車両用灯具以外）においてちらつきを抑制するには１００Ｈｚ以上の周波数を用いるのが技術常識とされ、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきを抑制するには２２０Ｈｚ以上の周波数を用いるのが技術常識とされており、以上の望ましい垂直走査周波数ｆVは、従来、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具において全く用いられていなかった。 The desirable vertical scanning frequency f V described above is a frequency that has not been conventionally used in vehicle lamps such as a vehicle headlamp, and has been found as a result of experiments conducted by the inventors of the present application. . That is, conventionally, it has been common technical knowledge to use a frequency of 100 Hz or more in order to suppress flickering in the general lighting field (other than vehicle lamps such as automobile headlamps), and vehicle lamps such as vehicle headlamps. In order to suppress flickering, it is common knowledge to use a frequency of 220 Hz or higher, and the desired vertical scanning frequency f V has not been used at all in conventional vehicle lamps such as a vehicle headlamp. It was.
　次に、従来、一般照明分野（自動車用前照灯等の車両用灯具以外）においてちらつきを抑制するには１００Ｈｚ以上の周波数を用いるのが技術常識とされていた点について、参考例を用いて説明する。 Next, in the general lighting field (except for vehicle lamps such as automotive headlamps), the use of a frequency of 100 Hz or more in order to suppress flickering has been used as a common technical knowledge. explain.
　例えば、電気用品の技術上の基準を定める省令（昭和３７年通商産業省令第８５号）においては、「光出力はちらつきを感じないものであること」とされており、これは、「繰り返し周波数が100Hz以上で光出力に欠落部がない又は繰り返し周波数が500Hz以上のものは「ちらつきを感じないもの」と解釈」するとされている。なお、この省令は、自動車用前照灯等の車両用灯具を対象としていない。 For example, a ministerial ordinance (Ministry of International Trade and Industry No. 85 of 1957) that defines the technical standards for electrical appliances states that “the optical output does not feel flicker”. Is 100 Hz or higher and there is no missing part in the optical output or the repetition frequency is 500 Hz or higher. This ministerial ordinance does not cover vehicle lamps such as automotive headlamps.
　また、日経新聞（2010/8/26）においては、「・・・交流の周波数は50Hz。整流器を介した電圧は1秒間に100回の頻度でオンとオフを繰り返していた。電圧の変化による明るさの変化は、蛍光灯でも起こる。ただし、LED照明は蛍光灯のように残光時間がなく、明るさが瞬時に変わる。その結果、ちらつきを感じやすくなる。・・・」のように、周波数が１００Ｈｚ以上でちらつきを感じやすくなることが紹介されている。 In addition, in the Nikkei Shimbun (2010/8/26), “... the frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz. The voltage through the rectifier was repeatedly turned on and off at a frequency of 100 times per second. The change in brightness also occurs with fluorescent lamps, but LED lighting does not have afterglow time like fluorescent lamps, and the brightness changes instantly. It has been introduced that it becomes easy to feel flicker at a frequency of 100 Hz or more.
　また、一般に、蛍光灯においては、フリッカ（ちらつき）を感じなくなる明滅周期は１００Ｈｚ～１２０Ｈｚ（電源周期で５０Ｈｚ～６０Ｈｚ）とされている。 Further, in general, in a fluorescent lamp, the flickering cycle in which flicker is not felt is set to 100 Hz to 120 Hz (power supply cycle: 50 Hz to 60 Hz).
　次に、従来、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきを抑制するには２２０Ｈｚ以上の周波数（又は２２０ｆｐｓ以上のフレームレート）を用いるのが技術常識とされていた点について、参考例を用いて説明する。 Next, a reference example regarding the point that it has been common technical knowledge to use a frequency of 220 Hz or higher (or a frame rate of 220 fps or higher) in order to suppress flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp. It explains using.
　一般に、車両用前照灯に用いられるＨＩＤ（メタルハライドランプ）においては、その点灯条件は、矩形波３５０～５００Ｈｚとされている。これは、８００Ｈｚ以上では音のノイズが聞こえる、周波数が低いとＨＩＤの発光効率が悪い、１５０Ｈｚ以下だと電極の加熱摩耗への影響で寿命が低下する等の理由によるもので、好ましくは２５０Ｈｚ以上とされている。 Generally, in an HID (metal halide lamp) used for a vehicle headlamp, the lighting condition is a rectangular wave of 350 to 500 Hz. This is because sound noise can be heard at 800 Hz or higher, HID luminous efficiency is poor at low frequencies, and life is reduced due to the effect of electrode heating and heating at 150 Hz or lower, preferably 250 Hz or higher. It is said that.
　また、ISAL (International Symposium on Automotive Lighting) 2013論文、タイトル「Glare-free High Beam with Beam-scanning」（第340～347頁）においては、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具における周波数として、２２０Ｈｚ以上、３００～４００Ｈｚ以上が推奨されている。同様に、ISAL2013論文、タイトル「Flickering effects of vehicle exterior light systems and consequences」（第262～266頁）においても、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具における周波数として、約４００Ｈｚが記載されている。 In the ISAL (International Symposium on Automotive Lighting) 2013 paper and the title "Glare-free High Beam with Beam-scanning" (pages 340 to 347), 220Hz is used as the frequency for vehicle lamps such as vehicle headlamps. As described above, 300 to 400 Hz or more is recommended. Similarly, in the ISAL2013 paper titled “Flickeringereffects of vehicle exterior light systems and consequences” (pages 262 to 266), a frequency of about 400 Hz is described as a frequency in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp.
　以上のように、従来、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具において、垂直走査周波数ｆVとして５５Ｈｚ以上（５５Ｈｚ～１２０Ｈｚが望ましい）の周波数を用いることで、ちらつきを抑制することができる点については全く知られていなかった。 As described above, in a conventional vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp, flickering can be suppressed by using a frequency of 55 Hz or more (preferably 55 Hz to 120 Hz) as the vertical scanning frequency f V. Was not known at all.
　次に、本出願の発明者らが、上記望ましい垂直走査周波数ｆVを検討するに際して行った実験等について説明する。 Next, experiments and the like conducted by the inventors of the present application when examining the desirable vertical scanning frequency f V will be described.
　＜実験＞
　本願の発明者らは、走行中の車両用前照灯（ヘッドランプ）をイメージした試験システムを用いて実験を行い、被験者の感じるちらつき度合いを評価した。 <Experiment>
The inventors of the present application conducted an experiment using a test system that imagined a running vehicle headlamp (headlamp), and evaluated the flicker level felt by the subject.
　図７は試験システムの概略図である。 Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the test system.
　図７に示すように、試験システムは、回転速度を変化させることができる回転ベルトＢを用いた可動道路モデル（回転ベルトＢの表面には、実際の道路を模した白線等が描かれている。スケール１／５）と、励起光源１２と同様の励起光源の出力（走査照度）を変化させることができる、車両用灯具１０と同様の灯具モデルＭとを用いた。 As shown in FIG. 7, the test system has a movable road model using a rotating belt B that can change the rotation speed (a white line or the like imitating an actual road is drawn on the surface of the rotating belt B). Scale 1/5) and a lamp model M similar to the vehicular lamp 10 capable of changing the output (scanning illuminance) of the excitation light source similar to the excitation light source 12 were used.
　まず、灯具モデルＭ（励起光源がＬＥＤ）により回転ベルトＢの表面を照射する場合と灯具モデルＭ（励起光源がＬＤ）により回転ベルトＢの表面を照射する場合とで、被験者の感じるちらつきに差が出るかを実験した。その結果、灯具モデルＭ（励起光源がＬＥＤ）により回転ベルトＢの表面を照射する場合と灯具モデルＭ（励起光源がＬＤ）により回転ベルトＢの表面を照射する場合とで、垂直走査周波数ｆVが一致していれば、被験者の感じるちらつきに乖離が無いことを確認した。 First, there is a difference in flicker that the subject feels when the surface of the rotating belt B is irradiated with the lamp model M (excitation light source is LED) and when the surface of the rotating belt B is irradiated with the lamp model M (excitation light source is LD). Experimented to see if As a result, the vertical scanning frequency f V when the surface of the rotating belt B is irradiated by the lamp model M (excitation light source is LED) and when the surface of the rotating belt B is irradiated by the lamp model M (excitation light source is LD). Confirmed that there was no discrepancy in the flicker felt by the subject.
　次に、各々の走行速度（０ｋｍ／ｈ、５０ｋｍ／ｈ、１００ｋｍ／ｈ、１５０ｋｍ／ｈ、２００ｋｍ／ｈ）となるように回転ベルトＢを回転させて、被験者がちらつかないと感じた垂直走査周波数ｆVを測定した。具体的には、被験者がダイヤル操作することで垂直走査周波数ｆVを変更し、ちらつかないと感じたところでダイヤル操作を止め、その時点での垂直走査周波数ｆVを測定した。この測定は、車両から３０～４０ｍ程度前方（ドライバーが運転しているときに最も注視している領域）の路面照度と同程度の照度（６０ｌｘ）、車両から１０ｍ程度前方（車両手前領域）の路面照度と同程度の照度（３００ｌｘ）、接近した前走車やガードレールからの反射光と同程度の照度（２０００ｌｘ）の下でそれぞれ行った。図８は、その実験結果（測定結果）をプロットしたグラフで、走行速度とちらつきの関係を表している。縦軸が垂直走査周波数ｆV、横軸が走行速度（時速）を表している。 Next, the rotating belt B was rotated so that each traveling speed (0 km / h, 50 km / h, 100 km / h, 150 km / h, 200 km / h) was obtained, and the vertical scanning frequency that the subject felt that did not flicker It was measured f V. More specifically, the subject changes the vertical scanning frequency f V by dial operation, stop the dial operation where you feel not flicker, to measure the vertical scanning frequency f V at that point in time. This measurement is about 30 to 40 meters ahead of the vehicle (area most closely watched when the driver is driving) and the same illuminance (60 lx) as the road surface illuminance, about 10 meters ahead of the vehicle (area in front of the vehicle) The measurement was performed under the same illuminance (300 lx) as the road surface illuminance and the same illuminance (2000 lx) as the reflected light from the approaching preceding vehicle or guardrail. FIG. 8 is a graph in which the experimental results (measurement results) are plotted, and shows the relationship between the running speed and the flicker. The vertical axis represents the vertical scanning frequency f V , and the horizontal axis represents the traveling speed (speed).
　図８を参照すると、次のことを理解できる。 Referring to FIG. 8, the following can be understood.
　第１に、路面照度（６０ｌｘ）かつ走行速度（時速０ｋｍ／ｈ～２００ｋｍ／ｈ）において、ちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVは、５５ｋＨｚ以上であること。このこと（及びドライバーが運転しているときに最も注視している領域の路面照度が６０ｌｘ程度であること）を考慮すると、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきを抑制するには、垂直走査周波数ｆVを５５ｋＨｚ以上とするのが望ましいこと。 First, the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt not to flicker at road surface illuminance (60 lx) and travel speed (0 km / h to 200 km / h) is 55 kHz or more. Considering this (and the fact that the road surface illuminance of the region most watched when the driver is driving is about 60 lx), in order to suppress flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp, It is desirable that the vertical scanning frequency f V is 55 kHz or more.
　第２に、路面照度（６０ｌｘ）かつ通常走行速度（時速０ｋｍ／ｈ～１５０ｋｍ／ｈ）において、ちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVは、５０ｋＨｚ以上であること。このこと（及びドライバーが運転しているときに最も注視している領域の路面照度が６０ｌｘ程度であること）を考慮すると、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきを抑制するには、垂直走査周波数ｆVを５０ｋＨｚ以上とするのが望ましいこと。 Secondly, the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt not to flicker at a road surface illuminance (60 lx) and a normal traveling speed (0 km / h to 150 km / h) is 50 kHz or more. Considering this (and the fact that the road surface illuminance of the region most watched when the driver is driving is about 60 lx), in order to suppress flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp, It is desirable that the vertical scanning frequency f V be 50 kHz or more.
　第３に、走行速度が増加すると、ちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVが高くなる傾向があること。このことを考慮すると、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきを抑制するには、垂直走査周波数ｆVを可変にするのが望ましいこと。例えば、走行速度が増加するに従って垂直走査周波数ｆVを高くするのが望ましいこと。 Third, as the traveling speed increases, the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt not to flicker tends to increase. Considering this, it is desirable to make the vertical scanning frequency f V variable in order to suppress flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp. For example, it is desirable to increase the vertical scanning frequency f V as the traveling speed increases.
　第４に、照度が増加すると、ちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVが高くなる傾向があること。このことを考慮すると、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきを抑制するには、垂直走査周波数ｆVを可変にするのが望ましいこと。例えば、照度が増加するに従って垂直走査周波数ｆVを高くするのが望ましいこと。 Fourthly, as the illuminance increases, the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt to flicker tends to increase. Considering this, it is desirable to make the vertical scanning frequency f V variable in order to suppress flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp. For example, it is desirable to increase the vertical scanning frequency f V as the illuminance increases.
　第５に、走行時（時速５０ｋｍ／ｈ～１５０ｋｍ／ｈ）と比べ、停止時（時速０ｋｍ／ｈ）の方がちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVが高いこと。このことを考慮すると、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきを抑制するには、垂直走査周波数ｆVを可変にするのが望ましいこと。例えば、停止時の垂直走査周波数をｆV１とし、走行時の垂直走査周波数をｆV２とすると、ｆV１＞ｆV２の関係とするのが望ましいこと。 Fifth, the vertical scanning frequency f V that the stop (0 km / h) feels less flickering than when running (50 km / h to 150 km / h) is higher. Considering this, it is desirable to make the vertical scanning frequency f V variable in order to suppress flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp. For example, if the vertical scanning frequency at the time of stop is f V 1 and the vertical scanning frequency at the time of traveling is f V 2, it is desirable that the relationship f V 1> f V 2 be satisfied.
　第６に、照度（６０ｌｘ、３００ｌｘ、２０００ｌｘ）かつ走行速度（時速０ｋｍ／ｈ～２００ｋｍ／ｈ）において、ちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVは、７０ｋＨｚを超えないこと。このことを考慮すると、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきを抑制するには、垂直走査周波数ｆVを７０ｋＨｚ以上又は７０Ｈｚ±１０Ｈｚとするのが望ましいこと。 Sixth, the vertical scanning frequency f V that is felt not to flicker at illuminance (60 lx, 300 lx, 2000 lx) and traveling speed (speed: 0 km / h to 200 km / h) should not exceed 70 kHz. Considering this, it is desirable that the vertical scanning frequency f V is set to 70 kHz or more or 70 Hz ± 10 Hz in order to suppress flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp.
　また、本願の発明者らは、ミラー部２０２、トーションバー２１１ａ、２１１ｂ、及び第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４を含む可動枠２１２の機械的な共振点（以下Ｖ側の共振点と称する）を考慮すると、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧の周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）としては、１２０Ｈｚ以下（鋸歯状波）が望ましく、１００Ｈｚ以下（鋸歯状波）がより望ましいとの結論に達した。その理由は次のとおりである。 Further, the inventors of the present application consider a mechanical resonance point (hereinafter referred to as a V-side resonance point) of the movable frame 212 including the mirror unit 202, the torsion bars 211a and 211b, and the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204. Then, the frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) of the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is preferably 120 Hz or less (sawtooth wave), and more preferably 100 Hz or less (sawtooth wave). The conclusion has been reached. The reason is as follows.
　図９は、ミラー部２０２の振り角と周波数との関係を表すグラフで、縦軸が振り角、横軸が印加電圧の周波数（例えば正弦波又は三角波）を表している。 FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the swing angle and frequency of the mirror unit 202, where the vertical axis represents the swing angle and the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the applied voltage (for example, a sine wave or a triangular wave).
　例えば、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に約２Ｖ程度の電圧を印加した場合（低電圧起動時）、図９に示すように、Ｖ側の共振点は、１０００Ｈｚ、８００Ｈｚ付近に存在する。一方、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に約４５Ｖ程度の高電圧を印加した場合（高電圧起動時）、Ｖ側の共振点は、最大振り角のとき３５０Ｈｚ、２００Ｈｚ付近に存在する。周期的に振動（揺動）して安定した角度制御を実現するには、垂直走査周波数ｆVはＶ側の共振点を避ける必要がある。この観点から、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧の周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）としては、１２０Ｈｚ以下（鋸歯状波）が望ましく、１００Ｈｚ以下（鋸歯状波）がさらに望ましい。また、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧の周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）が１２０Ｈｚを超えると、光偏光器２０１の信頼性、耐久性、寿命等が低下する。したがって、この観点からも、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧の周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）としては、１２０Ｈｚ以下（鋸歯状波）が望ましく、１００Ｈｚ以下（鋸歯状波）がさらに望ましい。 For example, when a voltage of about 2 V is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 (when the low voltage is activated), as shown in FIG. 9, the V-side resonance point exists in the vicinity of 1000 Hz and 800 Hz. On the other hand, when a high voltage of about 45 V is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 (at the time of starting high voltage), the resonance point on the V side exists in the vicinity of 350 Hz and 200 Hz at the maximum swing angle. In order to realize stable angle control by periodically oscillating (swinging), the vertical scanning frequency f V needs to avoid a resonance point on the V side. From this point of view, the frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) of the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is preferably 120 Hz or less (sawtooth wave), and more preferably 100 Hz or less (sawtooth wave). . Further, when the frequency of the third AC voltage (vertical scanning frequency f V ) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 exceeds 120 Hz, the reliability, durability, life, etc. of the optical polarizer 201 are reduced. Therefore, also from this viewpoint, the frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) of the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is preferably 120 Hz or less (sawtooth wave), and 100 Hz or less (sawtooth wave). Is more desirable.
　上記望ましい垂直走査周波数ｆVは、本願の発明者らが新たに見出した以上の知見から導かれたものである。 The desirable vertical scanning frequency f V is derived from the knowledge newly found by the inventors of the present application.
　次に、励起光源１２及び光偏光器２０１を制御する制御システムの構成例について説明する。 Next, a configuration example of a control system that controls the excitation light source 12 and the optical polarizer 201 will be described.
　図１０は、励起光源１２及び光偏光器２０１を制御する制御システムの構成例である。 FIG. 10 is a configuration example of a control system that controls the excitation light source 12 and the optical polarizer 201.
　図１０に示すように、この制御システムは、制御部２４、及び、この制御部２４に電気的に接続された、ＭＥＭＳ電源回路２６、ＬＤ電源回路２８、撮像装置（カメラ）３０、照度センサ３２、車速センサ３４、車両の傾きセンサ３６、距離センサ３８、アクセル・ブレーキの操作を検知するアクセル・ブレーキセンサ４０、振動センサ４２、記憶装置４４等を備えている。 As shown in FIG. 10, the control system includes a control unit 24, a MEMS power circuit 26, an LD power circuit 28, an imaging device (camera) 30, and an illuminance sensor 32 that are electrically connected to the control unit 24. A vehicle speed sensor 34, a vehicle tilt sensor 36, a distance sensor 38, an accelerator / brake sensor 40 for detecting an accelerator / brake operation, a vibration sensor 42, a storage device 44, and the like.
　ＭＥＭＳ電源回路２６は、制御部２４からの制御に従って、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に第１、第２交流電圧（例えば２５ＭＨｚの正弦波）を印加して当該第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４を共振駆動させることで、ミラー部２０２を第１軸Ｘ１を中心に往復揺動させ、かつ、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に第３交流電圧（例えば５５Ｈｚの鋸歯状波）を印加して当該第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させることで、ミラー部２０２を第２軸Ｘ２を中心に往復揺動させる圧電アクチュエータ制御手段（又はミラー部制御手段）として機能する。 The MEMS power supply circuit 26 resonates the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 by applying first and second AC voltages (for example, a sine wave of 25 MHz) to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 according to control from the control unit 24. By driving, the mirror unit 202 is reciprocally swung around the first axis X1, and a third AC voltage (for example, a 55 Hz sawtooth wave) is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to perform the second rotation. The piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 function as piezoelectric actuator control means (or mirror part control means) that reciprocally swings the mirror part 202 about the second axis X2 by driving the piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner.
　図１１中中段は第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に第１、第２交流電圧（例えば２５ＭＨｚの正弦波）が印加されている様子を表し、図１１中下段は第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に第３交流電圧（例えば５５Ｈｚの鋸歯状波）が印加されている様子を表している。また、図１１中上段はミラー部２０２の往復揺動に同期して励起光源１２（レーザー光）が変調周波数ｆL（２５ＭＨｚ）で変調されている様子を表している。なお、図１１中、網掛けの部分は励起光源１２が発光していないことを表している。 The middle stage in FIG. 11 shows a state in which the first and second AC voltages (for example, a 25 MHz sine wave) are applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, and the lower stage in FIG. 3 illustrates a state in which an alternating voltage (for example, a 55 Hz sawtooth wave) is applied. Further, the upper part of FIG. 11 represents a state in which the excitation light source 12 (laser light) is modulated at the modulation frequency f L (25 MHz) in synchronization with the reciprocating swing of the mirror unit 202. In FIG. 11, shaded portions indicate that the excitation light source 12 does not emit light.
　図１２Ａは、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加される第１、第２交流電圧（例えば２５ＭＨｚの正弦波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。図１２Ｂは、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加される第３交流電圧（例えば５５Ｈｚの鋸歯状波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。 FIG. 12A shows details of first and second AC voltages (for example, a 25 MHz sine wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204, an output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like. FIG. 12B shows details of a third AC voltage (for example, a 55 Hz sawtooth wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206, an output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
　ＬＤ電源回路２８は、制御部２４からの制御に従って、ミラー部２０２の往復揺動に同期して励起光源１２（レーザー光）を変調する変調手段として機能する。 The LD power supply circuit 28 functions as a modulation unit that modulates the excitation light source 12 (laser light) in synchronization with the reciprocating oscillation of the mirror unit 202 in accordance with control from the control unit 24.
　励起光源１２（レーザー）の変調周波数（変調速度）は、次の式で求められる。 The modulation frequency (modulation speed) of the excitation light source 12 (laser) is obtained by the following equation.
　変調周波数ｆL＝（画素数）×（フレームレート：ｆV）／（ブランキング時間割合：Ｂr）
　この式に基づけば、例えば、画素数３００×６００、ｆV＝７０、Ｂr＝０．５の場合、変調周波数ｆLは、３００×６００×７０／０．５＝約２５ＭＨｚとなる。変調周波数ｆLが２５ＭＨｚの場合、１／２５ＭＨｚ秒ごとに、励起光源１２の出力をオン／オフ又は発光強度を複数段階（例えば０を最小として複数段階）に制御することができる。 Modulation frequency f L = (number of pixels) × (frame rate: f V ) / (blanking time ratio: B r )
Based on this equation, for example, when the number of pixels is 300 × 600, f V = 70, and B r = 0.5, the modulation frequency f L is 300 × 600 × 70 / 0.5 = about 25 MHz. When the modulation frequency f L is 25 MHz, the output of the excitation light source 12 can be turned on / off or the emission intensity can be controlled in multiple steps (for example, multiple steps with 0 being the minimum) every 1/25 MHz second.
　ＬＤ電源回路２８は、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する励起光としてのレーザー光により波長変換部材１８に所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像が描画されるように、記憶装置４４に格納された所定配光パターン（デジタルデータ）に基づき、励起光源１２（レーザー光）を変調する。 The LD power supply circuit 28 draws a two-dimensional image corresponding to a predetermined light distribution pattern on the wavelength conversion member 18 by laser light as excitation light that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (in the horizontal and vertical directions). As described above, the excitation light source 12 (laser light) is modulated based on a predetermined light distribution pattern (digital data) stored in the storage device 44.
　所定配光パターン（デジタルデータ）としては、例えば、ハイビーム用配光パターン（デジタルデータ）、ロービーム用配光パターン（デジタルデータ）、高速道路用配光パターン（デジタルデータ）、市街地用配光パターン（デジタルデータ）、それ以外の各種の配光パターンが考えられる。所定配光パターン（デジタルデータ）は、各々の配光パターンの外形や光度分布（照度分布）を表すデータを含んでいる。その結果、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査する励起光としてのレーザー光により波長変換部材１８に描画される二次元像は、各々の配光パターン（例えばハイビーム用配光パターン）の外形及び光度分布（例えばハイビーム用配光パターンに求められる中心付近が最大の光度分布）を持つものとなる。なお、所定配光パターン（デジタルデータ）の切替は、例えば、車室内に設けられた切替スイッチを操作することで行うことができる。 Examples of the predetermined light distribution pattern (digital data) include a high beam light distribution pattern (digital data), a low beam light distribution pattern (digital data), a highway light distribution pattern (digital data), and an urban light distribution pattern (digital data). Digital data) and various other light distribution patterns are possible. The predetermined light distribution pattern (digital data) includes data representing the outer shape and light intensity distribution (illuminance distribution) of each light distribution pattern. As a result, the two-dimensional image drawn on the wavelength conversion member 18 by the laser light as the excitation light that is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by the optical polarizer 201 has each light distribution pattern (for example, a high beam). And the light intensity distribution (for example, the maximum light intensity distribution near the center required for the high beam light distribution pattern). The predetermined light distribution pattern (digital data) can be switched, for example, by operating a switch provided in the vehicle interior.
　図１３Ａ～図１３Ｃは、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の走査パターンを表している。 FIGS. 13A to 13C show scanning patterns of laser light (spots) that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (horizontal and vertical directions).
　光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の水平方向の走査パターンには、図１３Ａに示すように、双方向走査（往復走査）するパターンと、図１３Ｂに示すように、片方向走査（往路のみ走査又は復路のみ走査）するパターンとがある。 As shown in FIG. 13A, the horizontal scanning pattern of the laser beam (spot) scanned two-dimensionally (horizontal and vertical) by the optical polarizer 201 includes a pattern for bidirectional scanning (reciprocating scanning). As shown in FIG. 13B, there is a pattern in which one-way scanning (scanning only the forward path or scanning only the backward path) is performed.
　また、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の垂直方向の走査パターンには、１ラインずつ密に走査するパターンと、図１３Ｃに示すように、インターレース方式と同様、１ラインおきに走査するパターンとがある。 In addition, a vertical scanning pattern of laser light (spots) scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by the optical polarizer 201 is a pattern in which scanning is performed densely line by line, as shown in FIG. 13C. Similarly to the interlace method, there is a pattern for scanning every other line.
　また、光偏光器２０１が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査するレーザー光（スポット）の垂直方向の走査パターンには、図１４Ａに示すように、上端から下端に向かって走査し、下端に達すると上端に戻って再度上端から下端に向かって走査し、以下これを繰り返すパターンと、図１４Ｂに示すように、上端から下端に向かって走査し、下端に達すると上端に向かって走査し、以下これを繰り返すパターンとがある。 Further, in the vertical scanning pattern of the laser beam (spot) that the optical polarizer 201 scans two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction), as shown in FIG. 14A, scanning is performed from the upper end to the lower end. When it reaches the lower end, it returns to the upper end and scans again from the upper end to the lower end. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 14B, it scans from the upper end to the lower end, and when it reaches the lower end, it moves toward the upper end. There is a pattern that scans and repeats this.
　なお、波長変換部材１８（画面）の左右端や、下端から上端に戻る間にブランキングと呼ばれる励起光源１２が点灯しない時間が発生する。 It should be noted that there is a time during which the excitation light source 12 called blanking is not turned on while returning from the left and right ends of the wavelength conversion member 18 (screen) or the lower end to the upper end.
　次に、図１０に示す制御システムによるその他の制御例について説明する。 Next, another example of control by the control system shown in FIG. 10 will be described.
　図１０に示す制御システムによれば、上記制御例以外にも各種の制御を行うことができる。例えば、配光可変型の車両用前照灯（ADB: Adaptive Driving Beam）を実現することができる。これは、例えば、制御部２４が、自車両前方の物体を検出する検出手段として機能する撮像装置３０の検出結果に基づいて、仮想鉛直スクリーン上に形成される所定配光パターン内に照射禁止対象（例えば歩行者又は対向車）が存在しているか否かを判定し、照射禁止対象が存在していると判定した場合、その照射禁止対象が存在する照射エリアに対応する波長変換部材１８上の領域に励起光としてのレーザー光が走査されるタイミングで励起光源１２の出力がオフ又は低下するように励起光源１２を制御することで実現することができる。 The control system shown in FIG. 10 can perform various controls other than the above control example. For example, a variable light distribution vehicle headlamp (ADB: “Adaptive” Driving “Beam”) can be realized. This is because, for example, the control unit 24 is subject to irradiation prohibition within a predetermined light distribution pattern formed on the virtual vertical screen based on the detection result of the imaging device 30 functioning as detection means for detecting an object in front of the host vehicle. When it is determined whether or not there is an irradiation prohibited object (for example, a pedestrian or an oncoming vehicle), on the wavelength conversion member 18 corresponding to the irradiation area where the irradiation prohibited object exists. This can be realized by controlling the excitation light source 12 so that the output of the excitation light source 12 is turned off or reduced at the timing when the laser light as the excitation light is scanned in the region.
　また、本願の発明者らが明らかにした知見、すなわち、「走行速度が増加すると、ちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVが高くなる傾向がある」に基づけば、車両に取り付けられた車速センサ３４の検出結果である走行速度に基づいて、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）を変化させることができる。例えば、走行速度が増加するに従って垂直走査周波数ｆVを高くすることができる。これは、例えば、予め複数の走行速度（又は走行速度範囲）と複数の走行速度（又は走行速度範囲）それぞれに対応する複数の垂直走査周波数ｆVとの対応関係（走行速度又は走行速度範囲が大きくなるに従って大きい垂直走査周波数を対応づけておく）を記憶装置４４に格納しておき、車速センサ３４により検出された車速に対応する垂直走査周波数を記憶装置４４から読み出す。そして、ＭＥＭＳ電源回路２６が、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に第３交流電圧（当該読み出した垂直走査周波数）を印加して当該第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させることで実現することができる。 Further, based on the knowledge clarified by the inventors of the present application, that is, “when the traveling speed increases, the vertical scanning frequency f V that does not flicker tends to increase”, the vehicle speed sensor 34 attached to the vehicle. The driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for driving the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner can be changed based on the traveling speed that is the detection result. For example, the vertical scanning frequency f V can be increased as the traveling speed increases. This is because, for example, a correspondence relationship (travel speed or travel speed range) between a plurality of travel speeds (or travel speed ranges) and a plurality of vertical scanning frequencies f V corresponding to a plurality of travel speeds (or travel speed ranges) in advance. The vertical scanning frequency corresponding to the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 34 is read from the storage device 44. Then, the MEMS power supply circuit 26 applies the third AC voltage (the read vertical scanning frequency) to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner. Can do.
　また、本願の発明者らが明らかにした知見、すなわち、「走行時（時速５０ｋｍ／ｈ～１５０ｋｍ／ｈ）と比べ、停止時（時速０ｋｍ／ｈ）の方がちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVが高い」に基づけば、走行時（時速５０ｋｍ／ｈ～１５０ｋｍ／ｈ）と比べ、停止時（時速０ｋｍ／ｈ）の垂直走査周波数ｆVを高くすることができる。これは、例えば、予め走行時用の垂直走査周波数ｆV２と停止時用の垂直走査周波数ｆV１を記憶装置４４に格納しておき（ｆV１＞ｆV２）、車速センサ３４の検出結果に基づき、走行中か停止中かを判定する。そして、走行中と判定した場合、走行時用の垂直走査周波数を記憶装置４４から読み出し、ＭＥＭＳ電源回路２６が、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に第３交流電圧（当該読み出した走行時用の垂直走査周波数）を印加して当該第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させ、一方、停止中と判定した場合、停止時用の垂直走査周波数を記憶装置４４から読み出し、ＭＥＭＳ電源回路２６が、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に第３交流電圧（当該読み出した停止時用の垂直走査周波数）を印加して当該第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させることで実現することができる。 In addition, the inventors have clarified that the vertical scanning frequency f at which the vehicle is stopped (0 km / h / h) is less likely to flicker than when the vehicle is running (50 / h to 150 km / h). Based on “ V is high”, the vertical scanning frequency f V at the time of stopping (0 km / h) can be made higher than that at the time of traveling (speeding from 50 km / h to 150 km / h). For example, the vertical scanning frequency f V 2 for traveling and the vertical scanning frequency f V 1 for stopping are stored in advance in the storage device 44 (f V 1> f V 2), and the vehicle speed sensor 34 Based on the detection result, it is determined whether the vehicle is running or stopped. If it is determined that the vehicle is traveling, the vertical scanning frequency for traveling is read from the storage device 44, and the MEMS power supply circuit 26 applies the third AC voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 (the read vertical traveling frequency). Scanning frequency) to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner. On the other hand, when it is determined that the second piezoelectric actuator 205 is stopped, the vertical scanning frequency for stopping is read from the storage device 44, and the MEMS power supply circuit 26 This can be realized by applying a third AC voltage (the read vertical scanning frequency for stopping) to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner.
　また、本願の発明者らが明らかにした知見、すなわち、「照度が増加すると、ちらつかないと感じる垂直走査周波数ｆVが高くなる傾向がある」に基づけば、車両に取り付けられた照度センサ３２の検出結果である運転者に戻る照度（例えば、運転者の眼前照度）に基づいて、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）を変化させることができる。例えば、照度が増加するに従って垂直走査周波数ｆVを高くすることができる。これは、例えば、予め複数の照度（又は照度範囲）と複数の照度（又は照度範囲）それぞれに対応する複数の垂直走査周波数ｆVとの対応関係（照度又は照度範囲が大きくなるに従って大きい垂直走査周波数を対応づけておく）を記憶装置４４に格納しておき、照度センサ３２により検出された照度値に対応する垂直走査周波数を記憶装置４４から読み出す。そして、ＭＥＭＳ電源回路２６が、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に第３交流電圧（当該読み出した垂直走査周波数）を印加して当該第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させることで実現することができる。 Further, based on the knowledge clarified by the inventors of the present application, that is, “when the illuminance increases, the vertical scanning frequency f V that does not flicker tends to increase”, the illuminance sensor 32 attached to the vehicle. The driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 can be changed based on the illuminance returning to the driver as the detection result (for example, the illuminance before the driver's eyes). it can. For example, the vertical scanning frequency f V can be increased as the illuminance increases. This is because, for example, a correspondence relationship between a plurality of illuminances (or illuminance ranges) and a plurality of vertical scanning frequencies f V corresponding to each of the illuminances (or illuminance ranges) (vertical scanning that increases as the illuminance or illuminance range increases). Are stored in the storage device 44, and the vertical scanning frequency corresponding to the illuminance value detected by the illuminance sensor 32 is read from the storage device 44. Then, the MEMS power supply circuit 26 applies the third AC voltage (the read vertical scanning frequency) to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to drive the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner. Can do.
　同様に、車両に取り付けられた距離センサ３８の検出結果である照射物との距離に基づいて、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）を変化させることができる。 Similarly, the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 is changed based on the distance from the irradiated object, which is the detection result of the distance sensor 38 attached to the vehicle. Can be made.
　同様に、車両に取り付けられた振動センサ４２の検出結果に基づいて、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）を変化させることができる。 Similarly, based on the detection result of the vibration sensor 42 attached to the vehicle, the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for driving the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner can be changed.
　同様に、所定配光パターンに応じて、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）を変化させることができる。例えば、高速道路用配光パターンと市街地用配光パターンとで、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数（垂直走査周波数ｆV）を変化させることができる。 Similarly, the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for driving the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 in a non-resonant manner can be changed according to a predetermined light distribution pattern. For example, the driving frequency (vertical scanning frequency f V ) for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 can be changed between the light distribution pattern for highways and the light distribution pattern for urban areas.
　以上のように垂直走査周波数ｆVを可変とすることで、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数を一定とする場合と比べ、光偏光器２０１の信頼性、耐久性、寿命等を向上させることができる。 As described above, by making the vertical scanning frequency f V variable, the reliability and durability of the optical polarizer 201 can be improved compared to the case where the driving frequency for driving the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 to be non-resonant is constant. , Lifespan etc. can be improved.
　上記構成の１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１に代えて、２軸非共振タイプの光偏光器１６１を用いてもよい。 Instead of the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201 having the above-described configuration, a biaxial non-resonant optical polarizer 161 may be used.
　＜２軸非共振タイプ＞
　図１５は、２軸非共振タイプの光偏光器１６１の斜視図である。 <Biaxial non-resonant type>
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a biaxial non-resonant type optical polarizer 161.
　図１５に示すように、２軸非共振タイプの光偏光器１６１は、ミラー部１６２（ＭＥＭＳミラーとも称される）と、ミラー部１６２を駆動する圧電アクチュエータ１６３～１６６と、圧電アクチュエータ１６３～１６６を支持する可動枠１７１と、台座１７４とを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 15, the biaxial non-resonant type optical polarizer 161 includes a mirror part 162 (also referred to as a MEMS mirror), piezoelectric actuators 163 to 166 for driving the mirror part 162, and piezoelectric actuators 163 to 166. And a pedestal 174 are provided.
　圧電アクチュエータ１６３～１６６の構成及び動作は、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１の第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６と同様である。 The configurations and operations of the piezoelectric actuators 163 to 166 are the same as those of the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the optical polarizer 201 of the uniaxial nonresonant / uniaxial resonant type.
　本実施形態では、第１圧電アクチュエータ１６３、１６４には、それぞれ駆動電圧として第１の交流電圧を印加する。その際、ミラー部１６２の機械的な共振周波数（第一次共振点）より小さい所定値以下の周波数の交流電圧を印加して非共振駆動させる。これにより、ミラー部１６２が可動枠１７１に対して第３軸Ｘ３を中心に往復揺動し、ミラー部１６２に入射する励起光源１２の励起光が第１方向（例えば水平方向）に走査される。 In the present embodiment, a first AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to each of the first piezoelectric actuators 163 and 164. At that time, an AC voltage having a frequency equal to or lower than a predetermined value smaller than the mechanical resonance frequency (primary resonance point) of the mirror part 162 is applied to cause non-resonance driving. Thereby, the mirror part 162 reciprocally swings around the third axis X3 with respect to the movable frame 171, and the excitation light of the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror part 162 is scanned in the first direction (for example, the horizontal direction). .
　また、第２圧電アクチュエータ１６５、１６６には、それぞれ駆動電圧として第２の交流電圧を印加する。その際、ミラー部１６２、及び第１圧電アクチュエータ１６５、１６６を含む可動枠１７１の機械的な共振周波数（第一次共振点）より小さい所定値以下の周波数の交流電圧を印加して非共振駆動させる。これにより、ミラー部１６２が台座１７４に対して第２軸Ｘ４を中心に往復揺動し、ミラー部１６２に入射する励起光源１２からの励起光が第２方向（例えば垂直方向）に走査される。 Also, a second AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 165 and 166, respectively. At that time, non-resonant driving is performed by applying an AC voltage having a frequency lower than a predetermined value smaller than the mechanical resonance frequency (primary resonance point) of the movable frame 171 including the mirror part 162 and the first piezoelectric actuators 165 and 166. Let Thereby, the mirror part 162 reciprocally swings around the second axis X4 with respect to the pedestal 174, and the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror part 162 is scanned in the second direction (for example, the vertical direction). .
　図１６Ａは、第１圧電アクチュエータ１６３、１６４に印加される第１交流電圧（例えば６ｋＨｚの鋸歯状波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。図１６Ｂは、第２圧電アクチュエータ１６５、１６６に印加される第３交流電圧（例えば６０Ｈｚの鋸歯状波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。 FIG. 16A shows details of the first AC voltage (for example, 6 kHz sawtooth wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 163 and 164, the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like. FIG. 16B shows details of a third AC voltage (for example, a 60 Hz sawtooth wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 165 and 166, an output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
　以上のように各々の圧電アクチュエータ１６３～１６６の駆動により、励起光源１２からの励起光としてのレーザー光が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査される。 As described above, the laser light as excitation light from the excitation light source 12 is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction) by driving the piezoelectric actuators 163 to 166.
　また、上記構成の１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１に代えて、２軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１Ａを用いてもよい。 Alternatively, a biaxial resonance type optical polarizer 201A may be used instead of the uniaxial nonresonant / uniaxial resonance type optical polarizer 201 having the above-described configuration.
　＜２軸共振タイプ＞
　図１７は、２軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１Ａの平面図である。 <Biaxial resonance type>
FIG. 17 is a plan view of a two-axis resonance type optical polarizer 201A.
　図１７に示すように、２軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１Ａは、ミラー部１３Ａ（ＭＥＭＳミラーとも称される）と、ミラー部１３Ａをトーションバー１４Ａａ、１４Ａｂを介して駆動する第１圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａａ、１５Ａｂと、第１圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａａ、１５Ａｂを支持する可動枠１２Ａと、可動枠１２Ａを駆動する第２圧電アクチュエータ１７Ａａ、１７Ａｂと、第２圧電アクチュエータ１７Ａａ、１７Ａｂを支持する台座１１Ａとを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 17, a biaxial resonance type optical polarizer 201A includes a mirror unit 13A (also referred to as a MEMS mirror) and a first piezoelectric actuator 15Aa that drives the mirror unit 13A via torsion bars 14Aa and 14Ab. 15Ab, a movable frame 12A that supports the first piezoelectric actuators 15Aa and 15Ab, second piezoelectric actuators 17Aa and 17Ab that drive the movable frame 12A, and a base 11A that supports the second piezoelectric actuators 17Aa and 17Ab. Yes.
　圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａａ、１５Ａｂ、１７Ａａ、１７Ａｂの構成及び動作は、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１の第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４と同様である。 The configurations and operations of the piezoelectric actuators 15Aa, 15Ab, 17Aa, and 17Ab are the same as those of the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the optical polarizer 201 of the uniaxial nonresonant / uniaxial resonant type.
　本実施形態では、第１圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａａに駆動電圧として第１交流電圧を印加し、第１圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａｂに駆動電圧として第２交流電圧を印加する。第１交流電圧と第２交流電圧とは、互いに逆位相或いは位相のずれた交流電圧（例えば正弦波）とする。その際、トーションバー１４Ａａ、１４Ａｂを含むミラー部１３Ａの機械的な共振周波数（第一次共振点）付近の周波数の交流電圧を印加して、第１圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａａ、１５Ａｂを共振駆動させる。これにより、ミラー部１３Ａが可動枠１２Ａに対して第５軸Ｘ５を中心に往復揺動し、ミラー部１３Ａに入射する励起光源１２からの励起光が第１方向（例えば水平方向）に走査される。 In the present embodiment, a first AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 15Aa, and a second AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 15Ab. The first AC voltage and the second AC voltage are AC voltages (for example, sine waves) that are opposite in phase or out of phase with each other. At that time, an alternating voltage having a frequency near the mechanical resonance frequency (first resonance point) of the mirror portion 13A including the torsion bars 14Aa and 14Ab is applied to drive the first piezoelectric actuators 15Aa and 15Ab to resonance. Thereby, the mirror unit 13A reciprocally swings around the fifth axis X5 with respect to the movable frame 12A, and the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror unit 13A is scanned in the first direction (for example, the horizontal direction). The
　また、第２圧電アクチュエータ１７Ａａに駆動電圧として第３交流電圧を印加し、第２圧電アクチュエータ１７Ａｂに駆動電圧として第４交流電圧を印加する。第３交流電圧と第４交流電圧とは、互いに逆位相或いは位相のずれた交流電圧（例えば正弦波）とする。その際、ミラー部１３Ａ及び第１圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａａ、１５Ａｂを含む可動枠１２Ａの機械的な共振周波数（第一次共振点）付近の周波数の交流電圧を印加して、第２圧電アクチュエータ１７Ａａ、１７Ａｂを共振駆動させる。これにより、ミラー部１３Ａが台座１１Ａに対して第６軸Ｘ６を中心に往復揺動し、ミラー部１３Ａに入射する励起光源１２からの励起光が第２方向（例えば垂直方向）に走査される。 Also, a third AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuator 17Aa, and a fourth AC voltage is applied as a drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuator 17Ab. The third AC voltage and the fourth AC voltage are AC voltages (for example, sine waves) that are opposite in phase or out of phase with each other. At that time, an AC voltage having a frequency near the mechanical resonance frequency (first resonance point) of the movable frame 12A including the mirror portion 13A and the first piezoelectric actuators 15Aa and 15Ab is applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 17Aa and 17Ab. Is driven at resonance. Thereby, the mirror unit 13A reciprocally swings around the sixth axis X6 with respect to the base 11A, and the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 incident on the mirror unit 13A is scanned in the second direction (for example, the vertical direction). .
　図１８Ａは、第１圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａａ、１５Ａｂに印加される第１交流電圧（例えば２４ｋＨｚの正弦波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。図１８Ｂは、第２圧電アクチュエータ１７Ａａ、１７Ａｂに印加される第３交流電圧（例えば１２Ｈｚの正弦波）の詳細及び励起光源１２（レーザー光）の出力パターン等を表している。 FIG. 18A shows details of the first AC voltage (for example, 24 kHz sine wave) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 15Aa and 15Ab, the output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like. FIG. 18B shows details of a third AC voltage (for example, a 12 Hz sine wave) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 17Aa and 17Ab, an output pattern of the excitation light source 12 (laser light), and the like.
　以上のように各々の圧電アクチュエータ１５Ａａ、１５Ａｂ、１７Ａａ、１７Ａｂの駆動により、励起光源１２からの励起光としてのレーザー光が二次元的に（水平方向及び垂直方向に）走査される。 As described above, by driving the piezoelectric actuators 15Aa, 15Ab, 17Aa, and 17Ab, the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 is scanned two-dimensionally (in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction).
　以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、従来、車両用前照灯等の車両用灯具においてちらつきが発生すると考えられてきた２２０Ｈｚよりも大幅に低い周波数（又は２２０ｆｐｓよりも大幅に低いフレームレート）である「５５ｆｐｓ以上」、「５５ｆｐｓ以上１２０ｆｐｓ以下」、「５５ｆｐｓ以上１００ｆｐｓ以下」又は「７０ｆｐｓ±１０ｆｐｓ」を用いても、ちらつきを抑制することができる車両用灯具を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, a frequency significantly lower than 220 Hz (or a frame significantly lower than 220 fps), which has conventionally been considered to cause flickering in a vehicle lamp such as a vehicle headlamp. The vehicle lamp that can suppress flickering can be provided even when “55 fps or more”, “55 fps or more and 120 fps or less”, “55 fps or more and 100 fps or less”, or “70 fps ± 10 fps” is used.
　また、本実施形態によれば、２２０Ｈｚよりも大幅に低い周波数（又は２２０ｆｐｓよりも大幅に低いフレームレート）、すなわち、「５５ｆｐｓ以上」、「５５ｆｐｓ以上１２０ｆｐｓ以下」、「５５ｆｐｓ以上１００ｆｐｓ以下」又は「７０ｆｐｓ±１０ｆｐｓ」を用いることができるため、２２０Ｈｚ以上の周波数（又は２２０ｆｐｓ以上のフレームレート）を用いる場合と比べ、光偏光器２０１等の信頼性、耐久性、寿命等を向上させることができる。 Further, according to the present embodiment, a frequency significantly lower than 220 Hz (or a frame rate significantly lower than 220 fps), that is, “55 fps or more”, “55 fps or more and 120 fps or less”, “55 fps or more and 100 fps or less”, or “ Since “70 fps ± 10 fps” can be used, the reliability, durability, life, and the like of the optical polarizer 201 can be improved as compared with the case of using a frequency of 220 Hz or higher (or a frame rate of 220 fps or higher).
　また、本実施形態によれば、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６等を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数を可変とすることで、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６等を非共振駆動させるための駆動周波数を一定とする場合と比べ、光偏光器２０１等の信頼性、耐久性、寿命等を向上させることができる。 Further, according to the present embodiment, the drive frequency for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205, 206, etc. is made variable by changing the drive frequency for non-resonant driving of the second piezoelectric actuators 205, 206, etc. The reliability, durability, life, and the like of the optical polarizer 201 can be improved as compared with the case where the value is constant.
　次に、第２実施形態として、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１を３つ用いた車両用灯具について図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１に代えて、上記第１実施形態で例示した各種の光偏光器を用いることができるのは無論である。 Next, as a second embodiment, a vehicular lamp using three uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizers 201 will be described with reference to the drawings. It goes without saying that the various optical polarizers exemplified in the first embodiment can be used in place of the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201.
　図２０は本発明の第２実施形態である車両用灯具３００の概略図、図２１は斜視図、図２２は正面図、図２３は図２２に示した車両用灯具３００の２３－２３断面図、図２４は図２３に示した車両用灯具３００の２３－２３断面斜視図である。図２５は、本実施形態の車両用灯具３００により、車両前面に正対した仮想鉛直スクリーン（車両前面から約２５ｍ前方に配置されている）上に形成される所定配光パターンＰの例である。 20 is a schematic view of a vehicular lamp 300 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 21 is a perspective view, FIG. 22 is a front view, and FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 23-23 of the vehicular lamp 300 shown in FIG. 24 is a 23-23 cross-sectional perspective view of the vehicular lamp 300 shown in FIG. FIG. 25 is an example of a predetermined light distribution pattern P formed on a virtual vertical screen (disposed approximately 25 m ahead from the front of the vehicle) by the vehicular lamp 300 according to the present embodiment. .
　本実施形態の車両用灯具３００は、図２５に示すように、中心光度（ＰHot）が相対的に高く、そこから周囲に向かう（ＰHot→ＰMid→ＰWide）に従って光度がグラデーション状に低くなる、遠方視認性及び配光フィーリングに優れた所定配光パターンＰ（例えば、ハイビーム用配光パターン）を形成するように構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 25, the vehicular lamp 300 according to the present embodiment has a relatively high central luminous intensity (P Hot ), and the luminous intensity is in a gradation according to the direction from there to (P Hot → P Mid → P Wide ). It is configured to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P (for example, a high beam light distribution pattern) that is low and excellent in distance visibility and light distribution feeling.
　本実施形態の車両用灯具３００と上記第１実施形態の車両用灯具１０とを対比すると、主に、上記第１実施形態においては、図１に示すように、１つの励起光源１２及び１つの光偏光器２０１を用いていたのに対して、本実施形態においては、図２０に示すように、３つの励起光源（ワイド用励起光源１２Wide、ミドル用励起光源１２Mid及びホット用励起光源１２Hot）及び３つの光偏光器（ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wide、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid及びホット用光偏光器２０１Hot）を用いている点で、両者は相違する。 When comparing the vehicular lamp 300 of the present embodiment and the vehicular lamp 10 of the first embodiment, mainly in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. Whereas the optical polarizer 201 is used, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, there are three excitation light sources (wide excitation light source 12 Wide , middle excitation light source 12 Mid, and hot excitation light source 12). Hot ) and three optical polarizers (wide optical polarizer 201 Wide , middle optical polarizer 201 Mid, and hot optical polarizer 201 Hot ) are different from each other.
　それ以外、上記第１実施形態の車両用灯具１０と同様の構成である。以下、上記第１実施形態の車両用灯具１０との相違点を中心に説明し、上記第１実施形態の車両用灯具１０と同一の構成については同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。 Other than that, the configuration is the same as that of the vehicular lamp 10 of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the difference from the vehicular lamp 10 of the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the same components as those of the vehicular lamp 10 of the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted. .
　車両用灯具３００は、図２０～図２４に示すように、３つの励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hot、３つの励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotに対応して設けられた３つの光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot、３つの光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに対応して設けられた３つの走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHot（図２０参照）を含む波長変換部材１８、３つの走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotそれぞれに形成される光度分布を投影して、所定配光パターンＰを形成する光学系としての投影レンズ２０等を備えた車両用前照灯として構成されている。なお、励起光源１２、光偏光器２０１及び走査領域Ａは３つに限定されず、２つ又は４つ以上であってもよいのは無論である。 As shown in FIGS. 20 to 24, the vehicular lamp 300 includes three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot and three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot provided corresponding to the three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot . optical deflector 201 Wide, 201 Mid, 201 Hot , 3 single optical deflector 201 Wide, 201 Mid, 201 Hot 3 single scanning region provided corresponding to the a Wide, a Mid, a Hot (see FIG. 20) A vehicle including a projection lens 20 as an optical system that projects a light intensity distribution formed in each of the three wavelength conversion members 18 and three scanning regions A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P It is configured as a headlight. Of course, the number of the excitation light source 12, the optical polarizer 201, and the scanning region A is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more.
　図２３に示すように、投影レンズ２０、波長変換部材１８、光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotは、この順に、車両前後方向に延びる基準軸ＡＸ（光軸とも称される）に沿って配置されている。 As shown in FIG. 23, the projection lens 20, the wavelength conversion member 18, the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are in this order along a reference axis AX (also referred to as an optical axis) that extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction. Are arranged.
　励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotは、それぞれの励起光ＲａｙWide、ＲａｙMid、ＲａｙHotが後方、かつ、基準軸ＡＸ寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢でレーザー保持部４６に固定されて、基準軸ＡＸを取り囲むように配置されている。 The excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are fixed to the laser holding unit 46 in a posture in which the respective excitation light Ray Wide , Ray Mid , and Ray Hot are inclined toward the rear and toward the reference axis AX, It arrange | positions so that the reference axis AX may be surrounded.
　具体的には、励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotは、次のようにレーザー保持部４６に固定されて配置されている。 Specifically, the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are fixed to the laser holding unit 46 as follows.
　レーザー保持部４６は、基準軸ＡＸ方向に延びる筒部４８の外周面のうち上部、下部、左部、右部それぞれから基準軸ＡＸに対して略直交する方向に放射状に延びる延長部５０Ｕ、５０Ｄ、５０Ｌ、５０Ｒを含んでいる（図２２参照）。各々の延長部５０Ｕ、５０Ｄ、５０Ｌ、５０Ｒの先端部は後方に向かって傾斜しており（図２３参照）、各々の延長部５０Ｕ、５０Ｄ、５０Ｌ、５０Ｒ間には、放熱部５４（放熱フィン）が配置されている（図２２参照）。 The laser holding portion 46 includes extensions 50U and 50D extending radially from the upper, lower, left, and right portions of the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 48 extending in the reference axis AX direction in a direction substantially orthogonal to the reference axis AX. , 50L, 50R (see FIG. 22). The distal ends of the extension portions 50U, 50D, 50L, and 50R are inclined rearward (see FIG. 23), and between the extension portions 50U, 50D, 50L, and 50R, the heat dissipation portions 54 (radiation fins) are provided. ) Is arranged (see FIG. 22).
　ワイド用励起光源１２Wideは、図２３に示すように、その励起光ＲａｙWideが後方斜め上方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢で延長部５０Ｄの先端部に固定されている。同様に、ミドル用励起光源１２Midは、その励起光ＲａｙMidが後方斜め下方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢で延長部５０Ｕの先端部に固定されている。同様に、ホット用励起光源１２Hotは、その励起光ＲａｙHotが正面視で後方斜め右方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢で延長部５０Ｌの先端部に固定されている。 As shown in FIG. 23, the wide excitation light source 12 Wide is fixed to the distal end portion of the extension portion 50D in an inclined posture so that the excitation light Ray Wide travels in a rearward and upward direction. Similarly, the middle excitation light source 12 Mid is fixed to the distal end portion of the extension portion 50U in an inclined posture so that the excitation light Ray Mid travels obliquely downward and backward. Similarly, the hot excitation light source 12 Hot is fixed to the distal end portion of the extension portion 50L in an inclined posture so that the excitation light Ray Hot travels obliquely rearward and rightward in a front view.
　投影レンズ２０（レンズ２０Ａ～２０Ｄ）が固定されたレンズホルダ５６は、その後端部が筒部４８の先端開口に螺合することで、当該筒部４８に固定されている。 The lens holder 56 to which the projection lens 20 (lenses 20A to 20D) is fixed is fixed to the cylinder portion 48 by screwing the rear end portion thereof to the front end opening of the cylinder portion 48.
　各々の励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotからの励起光ＲａｙWide、ＲａｙMid、ＲａｙHotは、各々の集光レンズ１４で集光されて（例えばコリメートされて）各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（各々のミラー部２０２）に入射する。 Each of the pumping light source 12 Wide, 12 Mid, 12 excitation light Ray Wide from Hot, Ray Mid, Ray Hot is condensed by each condenser lens 14 (e.g., collimated) each optical deflector 201 Wide , 201 Mid and 201 Hot (each mirror unit 202).
　光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotは、それぞれ、図２４に示すように、励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotのうち対応する励起光源からの励起光が各々のミラー部２０２に入射し、かつ、各々のミラー部２０２からの反射光としての励起光が走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのうち対応する走査領域に向かうように、励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotより基準軸ＡＸ寄り、かつ、当該基準軸ＡＸを取り囲むように配置されている。 As shown in FIG. 24, the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot respectively enter excitation light from the corresponding excitation light source among the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot into each mirror unit 202. In addition, the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are used so that the excitation light as reflected light from each mirror unit 202 is directed to the corresponding scanning area among the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot. It is arranged so as to be close to the reference axis AX and surround the reference axis AX.
　具体的には、光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotは、次のように光偏光器保持部５８に固定されて配置されている。 Specifically, the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are fixed to the optical polarizer holder 58 and arranged as follows.
　光偏光器保持部５８は前方に突出した四角錐形状の前面を含んでおり、当該四角錐形状の前面は、図２４に示すように、上面５８Ｕ、下面５８Ｄ、左面５８Ｌ、右面５８Ｒ（図示せず）により構成されている。 The optical polarizer holder 58 includes a front surface of a quadrangular pyramid shape protruding forward, and the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape includes an upper surface 58U, a lower surface 58D, a left surface 58L, and a right surface 58R (not shown), as shown in FIG. Z).
　ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wide（本発明の第１光偏光器に相当）は、そのミラー部２０２がワイド用励起光源１２Wideからの励起光ＲａｙWideの光路上に位置した状態で、四角錐形状の前面のうち下面５８Ｄに傾斜した姿勢で固定されている。同様に、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（本発明の第２光偏光器に相当）は、そのミラー部２０２がミドル用励起光源１２Midからの励起光ＲａｙMidの光路上に位置した状態で、四角錐形状の前面のうち上面５８Ｕに傾斜した姿勢で固定されている。同様に、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hot（本発明の第３光偏光器に相当）は、そのミラー部２０２がホット用励起光源１２Hotからの励起光ＲａｙHotの光路上に位置した状態で、四角錐形状の前面のうち正面視で左側に配置された左面５８Ｌに傾斜した姿勢で固定されている。 The wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (corresponding to the first optical polarizer of the present invention) has a quadrangular pyramid shape with its mirror portion 202 positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Wide from the wide excitation light source 12 Wide. Is fixed to the lower surface 58D in an inclined posture. Similarly, the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (corresponding to the second optical polarizer of the present invention) is in a state where the mirror unit 202 is located on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Mid from the middle excitation light source 12 Mid , Of the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape, it is fixed in an inclined posture on the upper surface 58U. Similarly, the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot (corresponding to the third optical polarizer of the present invention) is in a state where the mirror unit 202 is positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Hot from the hot excitation light source 12 Hot , The front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape is fixed in an inclined posture to the left surface 58L disposed on the left side when viewed from the front.
　各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotは、第１軸Ｘ１が鉛直面に含まれ、第２軸Ｘ２が水平面に含まれた状態で配置されている。各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotをこのように配置することで、車両用前照灯において求められる、水平方向にワイドで垂直方向に薄い所定配光パターン（所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像）を容易に形成（描画）することができる。 Each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot is arranged with the first axis X1 included in the vertical plane and the second axis X2 included in the horizontal plane. By disposing the respective light polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot in this manner, a predetermined light distribution pattern that is wide in the horizontal direction and thin in the vertical direction, which is required in a vehicle headlamp (in a predetermined light distribution pattern). A corresponding two-dimensional image) can be easily formed (drawn).
　ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideは、そのミラー部２０２によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光ＲａｙWideにより、ワイド用走査領域ＡWide（本発明の第１走査領域に相当）に第１二次元像を描画することで、当該ワイド用走査領域ＡWideに第１光度分布を形成する。 The wide optical polarizer 201 Wide has a wide scanning area A Wide (corresponding to the first scanning area of the present invention) by excitation light Ray Wide scanned two-dimensionally in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202. A first light intensity distribution is formed in the wide scanning area A Wide by drawing the first two-dimensional image.
　ミドル用光偏光器２０１Midは、そのミラー部２０２によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光ＲａｙMidにより、ミドル用走査領域ＡMid（本発明の第２走査領域に相当）に第１二次元像の一部に重なった状態で第２二次元像を描画することで、当該ミドル用走査領域ＡMidに第１光度分布より光度が高い第２光度分布を形成する。 The middle optical polarizer 201 Mid is a middle scanning area A Mid (corresponding to the second scanning area of the present invention) by the excitation light Ray Mid that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202. By drawing the second two-dimensional image in a state where it overlaps with a part of the first two-dimensional image, a second luminous intensity distribution having a luminous intensity higher than the first luminous intensity distribution is formed in the middle scanning area A Mid .
　図２０に示すように、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidはワイド用走査領域ＡWideより小サイズで、かつ、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideの一部と重なっている。その結果、当該重なったミドル用走査領域ＡMidに形成される光度分布が相対的に高くなる。 As shown in FIG. 20, middle scan area A Mid in a small size than the wide scanning area A Wide, and overlaps with part of the wide scanning area A Wide. As a result, the luminous intensity distribution formed in the overlapped middle scanning area A Mid becomes relatively high.
　ホット用光偏光器２０１Hotは、そのミラー部２０２によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光ＲａｙHotにより、ホット用走査領域ＡHot（本発明の第３走査領域に相当）に第１二次元像の一部及び第２二次元像の一部に重なった状態で第３二次元像を描画することで、当該ホット用走査領域ＡHotに第２光度分布より光度が高い第３光度分布を形成する。 The hot light polarizer 201 Hot is a hot scanning area A Hot (corresponding to the third scanning area of the present invention) by the excitation light Ray Hot that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202. By drawing the third two-dimensional image in a state where it overlaps a part of the first two-dimensional image and a part of the second two-dimensional image, the luminous intensity is higher in the hot scanning area A Hot than the second luminous intensity distribution. A third light intensity distribution is formed.
　図２０に示すように、ホット用走査領域ＡHotはミドル用走査領域ＡMidより小サイズで、かつ、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidの一部と重なっている。その結果、当該重なったホット用走査領域ＡHotに形成される光度分布が相対的に高くなる。 As shown in FIG. 20, the hot scanning area A Hot small size than the middle scan area A Mid, and overlaps a portion of the middle scan area A Mid. As a result, the luminous intensity distribution formed in the overlapping hot scanning area A Hot becomes relatively high.
　なお、各々の走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotは、図２０に例示した外形が矩形の領域に限らず、例えば、外形が円形、楕円形又はそれ以外の各種の形状の領域であってもよい。 Each of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot is not limited to the area having the rectangular outer shape illustrated in FIG. 20, but is, for example, an area having a circular, elliptical, or other various shapes. Also good.
　図２６の（ａ）部は波長変換部材１８の正面図、図２６の（ｂ）部は上面図、図２６の（ｃ）部は側面図である。 26 (a) is a front view of the wavelength conversion member 18, FIG. 26 (b) is a top view, and FIG. 26 (c) is a side view.
　図２６の（ａ）部～図２６の（ｃ）部に示すように、波長変換部材１８は、外形が矩形形状の板状（例えば、水平方向の長さ：１８ｍｍ、垂直方向の長さ：９ｍｍ）の波長変換部材（蛍光体パネルとも称される）として構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 26 (a) to FIG. 26 (c), the wavelength conversion member 18 has a rectangular plate shape (for example, horizontal length: 18 mm, vertical length: 9 mm) wavelength conversion member (also referred to as a phosphor panel).
　波長変換部材１８は、図２３、図２４に示すように、筒部４８の後端開口を閉塞する蛍光体保持部５２に固定されている。具体的には、波長変換部材１８は、その後面１８ａの外形に沿った周囲が蛍光体保持部５２に形成された開口５２ａ周囲に固定されており、当該開口５２ａを覆っている。 The wavelength conversion member 18 is fixed to the phosphor holding portion 52 that closes the rear end opening of the cylindrical portion 48 as shown in FIGS. Specifically, the wavelength converting member 18 has a periphery along the outer shape of the rear surface 18a fixed around the opening 52a formed in the phosphor holding portion 52, and covers the opening 52a.
　波長変換部材１８は、最大偏向角βh_max（図２９Ａ参照）時のワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideのミラー部２０２の中心線ＡＸ202と、最大偏向角βv_max（図２９Ｂ参照）時のワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideのミラー部２０２の中心線ＡＸ202との間に収まるように配置されている。すなわち、波長変換部材１８は、次の二つの式１、式２を満たすように配置されている。 Wavelength conversion member 18, the center line AX 202 of maximum deflection angle Betaetchi_max (Figure 29A see) wide light polarizer when 201 Wide mirror unit 202, the maximum deflection angle Betabui_max (see FIG. 29B) wide optical polarization when The unit 201 is arranged so as to be within the center line AX 202 of the mirror unit 202 of the wide . That is, the wavelength conversion member 18 is disposed so as to satisfy the following two formulas 1 and 2.
　ｔａｎ（βh_max）≧Ｌ／ｄ　・・・（式１）
　ｔａｎ（βv_max）≧Ｓ／ｄ　・・・（式２）
　但し、Ｌは波長変換部材１８の水平方向長さの１／２、Ｓは波長変換部材１８の垂直方向長さの１／２である。 tan (βh_max) ≧ L / d (Expression 1)
tan (βv_max) ≧ S / d (Expression 2)
However, L is 1/2 of the horizontal length of the wavelength conversion member 18, and S is 1/2 of the vertical length of the wavelength conversion member 18.
　次に、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を調整する手法について説明する。 Next, a method for adjusting the sizes (the horizontal length and the vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot will be described.
　走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）は、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を同一（又は略同一）とした場合（図２２、図２３参照）、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加する第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧を変え、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotのミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする揺動範囲及び第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする揺動範囲を変えることで調整することができる。その理由は次のとおりである。 The sizes (horizontal length and vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot are respectively the light polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror unit 202) and wavelength. When the distance to the conversion member 18 is the same (or substantially the same) (see FIGS. 22 and 23), the first AC voltage, the second AC voltage, and the second piezoelectric applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 are used. The third AC voltage applied to the actuators 205 and 206 is changed, and the oscillation range around the first axis X1 and the second axis X2 of the mirror units 202 of the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are centered. It can be adjusted by changing the swing range. The reason is as follows.
　すなわち、光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotにおいては、図２７Ａに示すように、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とするミラー部２０２の機械振れ角（半角。縦軸参照）は、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加される駆動電圧（横軸参照）が増加するに従って増加する。また、図２７Ｂに示すように、第２軸Ｘ２を中心とするミラー部２０２の機械振れ角（半角。縦軸参照）も、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加される駆動電圧（横軸参照）が増加するに従って増加する。 That is, in the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot , as shown in FIG. 27A, the mechanical deflection angle (half angle, see vertical axis) of the mirror unit 202 around the first axis X1 is the first piezoelectric. The driving voltage (see the horizontal axis) applied to the actuators 203 and 204 increases as the driving voltage increases. In addition, as shown in FIG. 27B, the mechanical deflection angle (half angle, see vertical axis) of the mirror unit 202 around the second axis X2 is also the drive voltage (see horizontal axis) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205, 206. ) Increases as it increases.
　したがって、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を同一（又は略同一）とした場合（図２３、図２４参照）、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加する第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する第３交流電圧を変え、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotのミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする揺動範囲及び第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする揺動範囲を変えることで、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を調整することができる。 Therefore, when the distance between each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is the same (or substantially the same) (see FIGS. 23 and 24). ), Changing the first AC voltage, the second AC voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203, 204, and the third AC voltage applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205, 206 to change the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , By changing the swing range around the first axis X1 and the swing range around the second axis X2 of the mirror section 202 of 201 Hot , the sizes of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , A Hot (horizontal direction) And the vertical length) can be adjusted.
　次に、具体的な調整例について説明する。以下の説明では、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離が同一（例えば、図２９Ａ、図２９Ｂ中のｄ＝２４．０ｍｍ）で、投影レンズ２０の焦点距離が３２ｍｍであるものとする。 Next, a specific adjustment example will be described. In the following description, the distances between the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 are the same (for example, d = in FIGS. 29A and 29B). 24.0 mm), and the focal length of the projection lens 20 is 32 mm.
　例えば、図２８Ａ中の「ＷＩＤＥ」の行に示すように、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧として５．４１Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γh_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βh_max）がそれぞれ、±９．８度、±１９．７度となる。この場合、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideのサイズ（水平方向の長さ）が、±８．５７ｍｍに調整される。 For example, as shown in the row of “WIDE” in FIG. 28A, when 5.41 V pp is applied as the drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 in the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide , the first axis X1 is the center. The mechanical deflection angle (half angle: γh_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: βh_max) are ± 9.8 degrees and ± 19.7 degrees, respectively. In this case, the size (horizontal length) of the wide scanning area A Wide is adjusted to ± 8.57 mm.
　なお、図２８Ａに記載の「Ｌ」及び「βh_max」は、図２９Ａに示す距離及び角度を表している。なお、図２８Ａ等に記載の「ミラー機械半角」（機械半角とも称される）は、ミラー部２０２が実際に動いた角度のことで、ミラー部２０２の法線方向からのなす角でプラスマイナスで表している。一方、図２８Ａ等に記載の「ミラーの偏向角度」（光学半角とも称される）は、ミラー部で反射した励起光（光線）とミラー部２０２の法線方向とのなす角のことで、こちらもミラー部２０２の法線方向からプラスマイナスで表している。フレネルの法則により光学半角は機械半角の２倍となる。 Note that “L” and “βh_max” shown in FIG. 28A represent the distance and angle shown in FIG. 29A. The “mirror mechanical half angle” (also referred to as mechanical half angle) described in FIG. 28A and the like is an angle at which the mirror unit 202 is actually moved, and is an angle formed from the normal direction of the mirror unit 202 plus or minus. It is represented by On the other hand, “mirror deflection angle” (also referred to as an optical half angle) described in FIG. 28A and the like is an angle formed by excitation light (light beam) reflected by the mirror portion and the normal direction of the mirror portion 202. This is also represented by plus or minus from the normal direction of the mirror unit 202. According to Fresnel's law, the optical half angle is twice the mechanical half angle.
　また、図２８Ｂ中の「ＷＩＤＥ」の行に示すように、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideの第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧として４１．２Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γv_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βv_max）がそれぞれ、±４．３度、±８．６度となる。この場合、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideのサイズ（垂直方向の長さ）が、±３．６５ｍｍに調整される。 As shown in the row “WIDE” in FIG. 28B, when 41.2 V pp is applied as the drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide , the first axis X1 is the center. The mechanical deflection angle (half angle: γv_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: βv_max) are ± 4.3 degrees and ± 8.6 degrees, respectively. In this case, the size (vertical length) of the wide scanning area A Wide is adjusted to ± 3.65 mm.
　なお、図２８Ｂに記載の「Ｓ」及び「βv_max」は、図２９Ｂに示す距離及び角度を表している。 Note that “S” and “βv_max” shown in FIG. 28B represent the distance and angle shown in FIG. 29B.
　以上のように、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧（第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧）として５．４１Ｖppを印加し、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧（第３交流電圧）として４１．２Ｖppを印加し、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideのミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする揺動範囲及び第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする揺動範囲を変えることで、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を、水平方向が±８．５７ｍｍ、垂直方向が±３．６５ｍｍの矩形に調整することができる。 As described above, 5.41 V pp is applied as the drive voltage (first AC voltage, second AC voltage) to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide , and the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are applied. driving voltage 41.2V pp is applied as the (third AC voltage), around the swing range and the second axis X2 around the first axis X1 of the wide light polarizer 201 wide mirror portion 202 By changing the swing range, the size of the wide scanning area A Wide (the horizontal length and the vertical length) is adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ± 8.57 mm and a vertical direction of ± 3.65 mm. can do.
　このワイド用走査領域ＡWideに形成される光度分布は投影レンズ２０によって前方に投影されることで、仮想鉛直スクリーン上に水平方向±１５度、垂直方向±６．５度の矩形のワイド用配光パターンＰWide（図２５参照）を形成する。 The luminous intensity distribution formed in the wide scanning area A Wide is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that a rectangular wide distribution of ± 15 degrees in the horizontal direction and ± 6.5 degrees in the vertical direction is displayed on the virtual vertical screen. An optical pattern P Wide (see FIG. 25) is formed.
　一方、図２８Ａ中の「ＭＩＤ」の行に示すように、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Midの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧として２．３１Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γh_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βh_max）がそれぞれ、±５．３度、±１１．３度となる。この場合、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidのサイズ（水平方向の長さ）が、±４．７８ｍｍに調整される。 On the other hand, as shown in the row of “MID” in FIG. 28A, when 2.31 V pp is applied as a drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid , the first axis X1 is the center. The mechanical deflection angle (half angle: γh_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: βh_max) are ± 5.3 degrees and ± 11.3 degrees, respectively. In this case, the size (horizontal length) of the middle scanning area A Mid is adjusted to ± 4.78 mm.
　また、図２８Ｂ中の「ＭＩＤ」の行に示すように、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Midの第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧として２４．４Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γv_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βv_max）がそれぞれ、±２．３度、±４．７度となる。この場合、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidのサイズ（垂直方向の長さ）が、±１．９６ｍｍに調整される。 As shown in the row of “MID” in FIG. 28B, when 24.4 V pp is applied as the drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid , the first axis X1 is the center. The mechanical deflection angle (half angle: γv_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: βv_max) are ± 2.3 degrees and ± 4.7 degrees, respectively. In this case, the size (vertical length) of the middle scanning area A Mid is adjusted to ± 1.96 mm.
　以上のように、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Midの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧（第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧）として２．３１Ｖppを印加し、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧（第３交流電圧）として２４．４Ｖppを印加し、ミドル光偏光器２０１Midのミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする揺動範囲及び第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする揺動範囲を変えることで、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を、水平方向が±４．７８ｍｍ、垂直方向が±１．９６ｍｍの矩形に調整することができる。 As described above, 2.31 V pp is applied as the drive voltage (first AC voltage, second AC voltage) to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid , and the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are applied. Is applied with 24.4 V pp as a drive voltage (third AC voltage), and the oscillation range around the first axis X1 and the oscillation around the second axis X2 of the mirror section 202 of the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid are applied. By changing the moving range, the size of the middle scanning area A Mid (the length in the horizontal direction and the length in the vertical direction) is adjusted to a rectangle having a horizontal direction of ± 4.78 mm and a vertical direction of ± 1.96 mm. be able to.
　このミドル用走査領域ＡMidに形成される光度分布は投影レンズ２０によって前方に投影されることで、仮想鉛直スクリーン上に水平方向±８．５度、垂直方向±３．５度の矩形のミドル用配光パターンＰMid（図２５参照）を形成する。 The luminous intensity distribution formed in the middle scanning area A Mid is projected forward by the projection lens 20, thereby forming a rectangular middle having a horizontal direction of ± 8.5 degrees and a vertical direction of ± 3.5 degrees on the virtual vertical screen. The light distribution pattern P Mid for use (see FIG. 25) is formed.
　一方、図２８Ａ中の「ＨＯＴ」の行に示すように、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hotの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧として０．９３Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γh_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βh_max）がそれぞれ、±２．３度、±４．７度となる。この場合、ホット用走査領域ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ）が、±１．９６ｍｍに調整される。 On the other hand, as shown in the row of “HOT” in FIG. 28A, when 0.93 V pp is applied as the drive voltage to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot , the first axis X1 is the center. The mechanical deflection angle (half angle: γh_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: βh_max) are ± 2.3 degrees and ± 4.7 degrees, respectively. In this case, the size (horizontal length) of the hot scanning area A Hot is adjusted to ± 1.96 mm.
　また、図２８Ｂ中の「ＨＯＴ」の行に示すように、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hotの第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧として１３．３Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γv_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βv_max）がそれぞれ、±１．０度、±２．０度となる。この場合、ホット用走査領域ＡHotのサイズ（垂直方向の長さ）が、±０．８４ｍｍに調整される。 As shown in the row “HOT” in FIG. 28B, when 13.3 V pp is applied as the drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot , the first axis X1 is set as the center. The mechanical deflection angle (half angle: γv_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: βv_max) are ± 1.0 degrees and ± 2.0 degrees, respectively. In this case, the size (vertical length) of the hot scanning area A Hot is adjusted to ± 0.84 mm.
　以上のように、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hotの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧（第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧）として０．９３Ｖppを印加し、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧（第３交流電圧）として１３．３Ｖppを印加し、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hotのミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする揺動範囲及び第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする揺動範囲を変えることで、ホット用走査領域ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を、水平方向が±１．９６ｍｍ、垂直方向が±０．８４ｍｍの矩形に調整することができる。 As described above, 0.93 V pp is applied as the driving voltage (first AC voltage, second AC voltage) to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot , and the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 are applied. 13.3 V pp is applied as a drive voltage (third AC voltage) to the optical axis 201, and the oscillation range around the first axis X1 and the second axis X2 of the mirror section 202 of the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot are centered. By changing the swing range, the size of the hot scanning area A Hot (horizontal length and vertical length) is adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ± 1.96 mm and a vertical direction of ± 0.84 mm. can do.
　このホット用走査領域ＡHotに形成される光度分布は投影レンズ２０によって前方に投影されることで、仮想鉛直スクリーン上に水平方向±３．５度、垂直方向±１．５度の矩形のミドル用配光パターンＰHot（図２５参照）を形成する。 The luminous intensity distribution formed in the hot scanning area A Hot is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that it is a rectangular middle having a horizontal direction of ± 3.5 degrees and a vertical direction of ± 1.5 degrees on the virtual vertical screen. A light distribution pattern P Hot (see FIG. 25) is formed.
　以上のように、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を同一（又は略同一）とした場合（図２３、図２４参照）、第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加する駆動電圧（第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧）、第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に印加する駆動電圧（第３交流電圧）を変え、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotのミラー部２０２の第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする揺動範囲及び第２軸Ｘ２を中心とする揺動範囲を変えることで、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を調整することができる。 As described above, when the distance between each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is the same (or substantially the same) (FIG. 23, 24), changing the drive voltage (first AC voltage, second AC voltage) applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203, 204, the drive voltage (third AC voltage) applied to the second piezoelectric actuators 205, 206, By changing the swing range around the first axis X1 and the swing range around the second axis X2 of each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot , the scanning region A Wide , A Mid and A Hot can be adjusted in size (horizontal length and vertical length).
　次に、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を調整する別の手法について説明する。 Next, another method for adjusting the sizes (the horizontal length and the vertical length) of the scanning regions A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot will be described.
　走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）は、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに印加される駆動電圧を同一（又は略同一）とした場合、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を変える（例えば、図３０参照）ことで調整することができる。 The scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot (the horizontal length and the vertical length) have the same drive voltage applied to each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot (or If substantially the same), adjustment is performed by changing the distance between each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 (see, for example, FIG. 30). can do.
　次に、具体的な調整例について説明する。以下の説明では、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに印加される駆動電圧が同一で、投影レンズ２０の焦点距離が３２ｍｍであるものとする。 Next, a specific adjustment example will be described. In the following description, it is assumed that the drive voltages applied to the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are the same, and the focal length of the projection lens 20 is 32 mm.
　例えば、図３１Ａ中の「ＷＩＤＥ」の行に示すように、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wide（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を２４．０ｍｍとし、当該ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧として５．４１Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γh_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βh_max）がそれぞれ、±９．８度、±１９．７度となる。この場合、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideのサイズ（水平方向の長さ）が、±８．５７ｍｍに調整される。 For example, as shown in the row “WIDE” in FIG. 31A, the distance between the wide-angle optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is set to 24.0 mm, and When a driving voltage of 5.41 V pp is applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the optical polarizer 201 Wide , the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: γh_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: βh_max) about the first axis X1. Are ± 9.8 degrees and ± 19.7 degrees, respectively. In this case, the size (horizontal length) of the wide scanning area A Wide is adjusted to ± 8.57 mm.
　なお、図３１Ａに記載の「Ｌ」、「βh_max」及び「ｄ」は、図２９Ａに示す距離及び角度を表している。 Note that “L”, “βh_max”, and “d” shown in FIG. 31A represent the distance and angle shown in FIG. 29A.
　また、図３１Ｂ中の「ＷＩＤＥ」の行に示すように、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wide（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を２４．０ｍｍとし、当該ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideの第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧として４１．２Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γv_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βv_max）がそれぞれ、±４．３度、±８．６度となる。この場合、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideのサイズ（垂直方向の長さ）が、±３．６５ｍｍに調整される。 Further, as shown in the row “WIDE” in FIG. 31B, the distance between the wide-angle optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror portion 202 thereof) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is set to 24.0 mm, When 41.2 V pp is applied as the drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the optical polarizer 201 Wide , the mechanical deflection angle (half angle: γv_max) and the maximum deflection angle (half angle: βv_max) about the first axis X1. Are ± 4.3 degrees and ± 8.6 degrees, respectively. In this case, the size (vertical length) of the wide scanning area A Wide is adjusted to ± 3.65 mm.
　なお、図３１Ｂに記載の「Ｓ」、「βv_max」及び「ｄ」は、図２９Ｂに示す距離及び角度を表している。 In addition, “S”, “βv_max”, and “d” described in FIG. 31B represent the distance and angle shown in FIG. 29B.
　以上のように、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wide（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を２４．０ｍｍとすることで、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を、水平方向が±８．５７ｍｍ、垂直方向が±３．６５ｍｍの矩形に調整することができる。 As described above, by setting the distance between the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror portion 202 thereof) and the wavelength conversion member 18 to 24.0 mm, the size of the wide scanning area A Wide (horizontal direction) And the vertical length) can be adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ± 8.57 mm and a vertical direction of ± 3.65 mm.
　このワイド用走査領域ＡWideに形成される光度分布は投影レンズ２０によって前方に投影されることで、仮想鉛直スクリーン上に水平方向±１５度、垂直方向±６．５度の矩形のワイド用配光パターンＰWide（図２５参照）を形成する。 The luminous intensity distribution formed in the wide scanning area A Wide is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that a rectangular wide distribution of ± 15 degrees in the horizontal direction and ± 6.5 degrees in the vertical direction is displayed on the virtual vertical screen. An optical pattern P Wide (see FIG. 25) is formed.
　一方、図３１Ａ中の「ＭＩＤ」の行に示すように、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を１３．４ｍｍとし、当該ミドル用光偏光器２０１Midの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧としてワイド用光偏光器２０１Widの場合と同様、５．４１Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γh_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βh_max）がそれぞれ、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Widの場合と同様、±９．８度、±１９．７度となる。しかし、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離（１３．４ｍｍ）がワイド用光偏光器２０１Wide（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離（２４．０ｍｍ）より短いため、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidのサイズ（水平方向の長さ）が、±４．７８ｍｍに調整される。 On the other hand, as shown in the row of “MID” in FIG. 31A, the distance between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror section 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is 13.4 mm, and the middle as in the case of the wide light polarizer 201 Wid as a driving voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 203 and 204 of the optical deflector 201 Mid, upon application of a 5.41V pp, mechanical deflection angle around the first axis X1 (byte : Γh_max) and maximum deflection angle (half angle: βh_max) are ± 9.8 degrees and ± 19.7 degrees, respectively, as in the case of the wide-angle optical polarizer 201 Wid . However, the distance (13.4 mm) between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is equal to the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength. Since it is shorter than the distance (24.0 mm) from the conversion member 18, the size (horizontal length) of the middle scanning area A Mid is adjusted to ± 4.78 mm.
　また、図３１Ｂ中の「ＭＩＤ」の行に示すように、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を１３．４ｍｍとし、当該ミドル用光偏光器２０１Midの第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧としてワイド用光偏光器２０１Widの場合と同様、４１．２Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γv_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βv_max）がそれぞれ、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Widの場合と同様、±４．３度、±８．６度となる。しかし、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離（１３．４ｍｍ）がワイド用光偏光器２０１Wide（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離（２４．０ｍｍ）より短いため、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidのサイズ（垂直方向の長さ）が、±１．９６ｍｍに調整される。 Further, as shown in the row of “MID” in FIG. 31B, the distance between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror section 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is 13.4 mm, and the middle When 41.2 V pp is applied as the drive voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the optical polarizer 201 Mid as in the case of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wid , a mechanical deflection angle (half angle) about the first axis X1 is applied. : Γv_max) and maximum deflection angle (half angle: βv_max) are ± 4.3 degrees and ± 8.6 degrees, respectively, as in the case of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wid . However, the distance (13.4 mm) between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is equal to the wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength. Since it is shorter than the distance (24.0 mm) between the conversion member 18, the size (vertical length) of the middle scanning area A Mid is adjusted to ± 1.96 mm.
　以上のように、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を１３．４ｍｍとすることで、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を、水平方向が±４．７８ｍｍ、垂直方向が±１．９６ｍｍの矩形に調整することができる。 As described above, by setting the distance between the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror section 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 to 13.4 mm, the size of the middle scanning area A Mid (horizontal direction) And the vertical length) can be adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ± 4.78 mm and a vertical direction of ± 1.96 mm.
　このミドル用走査領域ＡMidに形成される光度分布は投影レンズ２０によって前方に投影されることで、仮想鉛直スクリーン上に水平方向±８．５度、垂直方向±３．６度の矩形のミッド用配光パターンＰMid（図２５参照）を形成する。 The luminous intensity distribution formed in the middle scanning area A Mid is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that a rectangular mid having a horizontal direction of ± 8.5 degrees and a vertical direction of ± 3.6 degrees on the virtual vertical screen. The light distribution pattern P Mid for use (see FIG. 25) is formed.
　一方、図３１Ａ中の「ＨＯＴ」の行に示すように、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を５．５ｍｍとし、当該ホット用光偏光器２０１Hotの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に駆動電圧としてワイド用光偏光器２０１Widの場合と同様、５．４１Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γh_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βh_max）がそれぞれ、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Widの場合と同様、±９．８度、±１９．７度となる。しかし、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離（５．５ｍｍ）がミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離（１３．４ｍｍ）より短いため、ホット用走査領域ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ）が、±１．９６ｍｍに調整される。 On the other hand, as shown in the row of “HOT” in FIG. 31A, the distance between the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is set to 5.5 mm, and the hot as in the case of the wide light polarizer 201 Wid as a driving voltage to the first piezoelectric actuator 203 and 204 of the optical deflector 201 Hot, upon application of a 5.41V pp, mechanical deflection angle around the first axis X1 (byte : Γh_max) and maximum deflection angle (half angle: βh_max) are ± 9.8 degrees and ± 19.7 degrees, respectively, as in the case of the wide-angle optical polarizer 201 Wid . However, the distance (5.5 mm) between the hot light polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is the middle light polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength. Since the distance to the conversion member 18 is shorter than the distance (13.4 mm), the size (horizontal length) of the hot scanning area A Hot is adjusted to ± 1.96 mm.
　また、図３１Ｂ中の「ＨＯＴ」の行に示すように、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を５．５ｍｍとし、当該ホット用光偏光器２０１Hotの第２圧電アクチュエータ２０５、２０６に駆動電圧としてワイド用光偏光器２０１Widの場合と同様、４１．２Ｖppを印加すると、第１軸Ｘ１を中心とする機械振れ角（半角：γv_max）、最大偏向角（半角：βv_max）がそれぞれ、ワイド用光偏光器２０１Widの場合と同様、±４．３度、±８．６度となる。しかし、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離（５．５ｍｍ）がミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離（１３．４ｍｍ）より短いため、ホット用走査領域ＡHotのサイズ（垂直方向の長さ）が、±０．８４ｍｍに調整される。 Further, as shown in the row of “HOT” in FIG. 31B, the distance between the hot optical polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror portion 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is set to 5.5 mm, and the hot When 41.2 V pp is applied as the driving voltage to the second piezoelectric actuators 205 and 206 of the optical polarizer 201 Hot , as in the case of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wid , a mechanical deflection angle (half angle) about the first axis X1 is applied. : Γv_max) and maximum deflection angle (half angle: βv_max) are ± 4.3 degrees and ± 8.6 degrees, respectively, as in the case of the wide optical polarizer 201 Wid . However, the distance (5.5 mm) between the hot light polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 is the middle light polarizer 201 Mid (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength. Since the distance to the conversion member 18 is shorter than the distance (13.4 mm), the size (vertical length) of the hot scanning area A Hot is adjusted to ± 0.84 mm.
　以上のように、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を５．５ｍｍとすることで、ホット用走査領域ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を、水平方向が±１．９６ｍｍ、垂直方向が±０．８４ｍｍの矩形に調整することができる。 As described above, by setting the distance between the hot light polarizer 201 Hot (the center of the mirror part 202) and the wavelength conversion member 18 to 5.5 mm, the size of the hot scanning area A Hot (horizontal direction) And the vertical length) can be adjusted to a rectangle with a horizontal direction of ± 1.96 mm and a vertical direction of ± 0.84 mm.
　このホット用走査領域ＡHotに形成される光度分布は投影レンズ２０によって前方に投影されることで、仮想鉛直スクリーン上に水平方向±３．５度、垂直方向±１．５度の矩形のホット用配光パターンＰHot（図２５参照）を形成する。 The luminous intensity distribution formed in the hot scanning area A Hot is projected forward by the projection lens 20, so that a rectangular hot having a horizontal direction of ± 3.5 degrees and a vertical direction of ± 1.5 degrees is displayed on the virtual vertical screen. A light distribution pattern P Hot (see FIG. 25) is formed.
　以上のように、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに印加される駆動電圧を同一（又は略同一）とした場合、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を変えることで、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を調整することができる。 As described above, when the drive voltages applied to the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot are the same (or substantially the same), the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot ( The size (horizontal length and vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot is adjusted by changing the distance between the center of the mirror unit 202 and the wavelength conversion member 18. Can do.
　なお、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotの第１圧電アクチュエータ２０３、２０４に印加される第１交流電圧、第２交流電圧をフィードバック制御する場合、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに印加される駆動電圧を完全に同一とはならないが、この場合であっても、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot（のミラー部２０２の中心）と波長変換部材１８との間の距離を変えることで、各々の走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を調整することができる。 When feedback control is performed on the first AC voltage and the second AC voltage applied to the first piezoelectric actuators 203 and 204 of the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot , the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , Although the drive voltages applied to 201 Mid and 201 Hot are not completely the same, even in this case, the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot (the center of the mirror unit 202) and the wavelength By changing the distance to the conversion member 18, the sizes (horizontal length and vertical length) of each of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid and A Hot can be adjusted.
　次に、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を調整する別の手法について説明する。 Next, another method for adjusting the sizes (the horizontal length and the vertical length) of the scanning regions A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot will be described.
　走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）は、図３２に示すように、各々の励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotと各々の光偏光器２０１Mid、２０１Wide、２０１Hotとの間（又は、各々の光偏光器２０１Mid、２０１Wide、２０１Hotと波長変換部材１８との間）にレンズ６６（例えば、焦点距離が異なるレンズ）を配置することによって調整することも考えられる。 The sizes (horizontal length and vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot are as shown in FIG. 32, and the respective excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot and the respective lights. Between the polarizers 201 Mid , 201 Wide , 201 Hot (or between each of the optical polarizers 201 Mid , 201 Wide , 201 Hot and the wavelength conversion member 18), a lens 66 (for example, a lens having a different focal length). It is also conceivable to adjust by arranging.
　本実施形態によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、コンパクト化を可能とし、かつ、コストアップの要因となる部品点数を低減することが可能となる。 According to the present embodiment, in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that scan excitation light two-dimensionally, it is possible to reduce the size and reduce the number of components that cause an increase in cost. It becomes possible.
　これは、従来のように複数の波長変換部材（蛍光物質）、複数の光学系（投影レンズ）を用いるのではなく、複数の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに対して１つの波長変換部材１８及び１つの光学系（投影レンズ２０）を用いたことによるものである。 Instead of using a plurality of wavelength conversion members (fluorescent substances) and a plurality of optical systems (projection lenses) as in the prior art, one wavelength is used for a plurality of optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot . This is because the conversion member 18 and one optical system (projection lens 20) are used.
　また、本実施形態によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、一部の光度が相対的に高く、そこから周囲に向かうに従って光度がグラデーション状に低くなる所定配光パターン、例えば、図２５に示すように、中心光度（ＰHot）が相対的に高く、そこから周囲に向かう（ＰHot→ＰMid→ＰWide）に従って光度がグラデーション状に低くなる、遠方視認性及び配光フィーリングに優れた所定配光パターンＰ（例えば、ハイビーム用配光パターン）を形成することができる。 In addition, according to the present embodiment, in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that scan excitation light two-dimensionally, a part of the light intensity is relatively high, and the light intensity gradations toward the periphery from there. As shown in FIG. 25, for example, as shown in FIG. 25, the central luminous intensity (P Hot ) is relatively high, and the luminous intensity is gradation according to the direction from there to (P Hot → P Mid → P Wide ). Therefore, it is possible to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P (for example, a high-beam light distribution pattern) that is excellent in distance visibility and light distribution feeling.
　これは、図２０に示すように、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidがワイド用走査領域ＡWideより小サイズでかつワイド用走査領域ＡWideと重なっており、かつ、ホット用走査領域ＡHotがミドル用走査領域ＡMidより小サイズでかつミドル用走査領域ＡMidと重なっている結果、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideに形成される第１光度分布、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidに形成される第２光度分布、ホット用走査領域ＡHotに形成される第３光度分布がこの順に光度が高くなりかつ小サイズとなること、そして、所定配光パターンＰ（図２５参照）は、このワイド用走査領域ＡWide、ミドル用走査領域ＡMid、ホット用走査領域ＡHotそれぞれに形成される第１光度分布、第２光度分布、第３光度分布が投影されることで形成されること、によるものである。 This is because, as shown in FIG. 20, middle scan area A Mid are overlapped with the wide scanning area A smaller size than the Wide and wide scan area A Wide, and hot scanning area A Hot is a middle scanning area a small-sized a and the result of overlap with middle scan area a Mid than Mid, first light intensity distribution formed on the wide scanning area a wide, second light intensity distribution formed on the middle scan area a Mid The third light intensity distribution formed in the hot scanning area A Hot becomes higher and smaller in this order, and the predetermined light distribution pattern P (see FIG. 25) is the wide scanning area A Wide. This is because the first light intensity distribution, the second light intensity distribution, and the third light intensity distribution formed in each of the middle scanning area A Mid and the hot scanning area A Hot are projected.
　また、本実施形態によれば、後述の車両用灯具４００（灯具ユニット）と比べ、上下左右方向に大きくなるものの、車両用灯具３００（灯具ユニット）を基準軸ＡＸ方向に薄くすることができる。 Further, according to the present embodiment, the vehicle lamp 300 (lamp unit) can be made thinner in the direction of the reference axis AX, although it is larger in the vertical and horizontal directions than a vehicle lamp 400 (lamp unit) described later.
　次に、第３実施形態として、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１を３つ用いた別の車両用灯具について図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器２０１に代えて、上記第１実施形態で例示した各種の光偏光器を用いることができるのは無論である。 Next, as a third embodiment, another vehicular lamp using three uniaxial nonresonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizers 201 will be described with reference to the drawings. It goes without saying that the various optical polarizers exemplified in the first embodiment can be used in place of the uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant optical polarizer 201.
　図３３は本発明の第３実施形態である車両用灯具４００の縦断面図、図３４は図３３に示した車両用灯具４００の断面斜視図である。 33 is a longitudinal sectional view of a vehicular lamp 400 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the vehicular lamp 400 shown in FIG.
　本実施形態の車両用灯具４００は、図２５に示すように、中心光度（ＰHot）が相対的に高く、そこから周囲に向かう（ＰHot→ＰMid→ＰWide）に従って光度がグラデーション状に低くなる、遠方視認性及び配光フィーリングに優れた所定配光パターンＰ（例えば、ハイビーム用配光パターン）を形成するように構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 25, the vehicular lamp 400 according to the present embodiment has a relatively high central luminous intensity (P Hot ), and the luminous intensity is in a gradation according to the direction from there to (P Hot → P Mid → P Wide ). It is configured to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P (for example, a high beam light distribution pattern) that is low and excellent in distance visibility and light distribution feeling.
　本実施形態の車両用灯具４００と上記第２実施形態の車両用灯具３００とを対比すると、主に、上記第２実施形態においては、図２３、図２４に示すように、各々の励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotからの励起光としてのレーザー光が直接、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに入射するように構成されていたのに対して、本実施形態においては、図３３、図３４に示すように、各々の励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotからの励起光としてのレーザー光が各々の反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hotで反射された後、各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに入射するように構成されている点で、両者は相違する。 When the vehicular lamp 400 of the present embodiment is compared with the vehicular lamp 300 of the second embodiment, mainly in the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. In the present embodiment, laser light as excitation light from Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot is directly incident on each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot. 33 and 34, after the laser light as the excitation light from the respective excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot is reflected by the respective reflecting surfaces 60 Wide , 60 Mid , 60 Hot , They are different in that they are configured to be incident on the respective optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot .
　それ以外、上記第２実施形態の車両用灯具３００と同様の構成である。以下、上記第２実施形態の車両用灯具３００との相違点を中心に説明し、上記第２実施形態の車両用灯具３００と同一の構成については同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。 Other than that, the configuration is the same as the vehicular lamp 300 of the second embodiment. Hereinafter, the difference from the vehicular lamp 300 of the second embodiment will be mainly described, and the same components as those of the vehicular lamp 300 of the second embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. .
　車両用灯具４００は、図３３、図３４に示すように、３つの励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hot、３つの励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotに対応して設けられた３つの反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hot、３つの反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hotに対応して設けられた３つの光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot、３つの光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotに対応して設けられた３つの走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHot（図２０参照）を含む波長変換部材１８、３つの走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotそれぞれに形成される光度分布を投影して、所定配光パターンＰを形成する光学系としての投影レンズ２０等を備えた車両用前照灯として構成されている。なお、励起光源１２、反射面６０、光偏光器２０１及び走査領域Ａは３つに限定されず、２つ又は４つ以上であってもよいのは無論である。 As shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, the vehicular lamp 400 includes three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot , and three excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot . reflecting surface 60 Wide, 60 Mid, 60 Hot , 3 one reflective surface 60 Wide, 60 Mid, 60 Hot 3 single optical deflector 201 provided corresponding to the Wide, 201 Mid, 201 Hot, 3 single optical deflector 201 Wavelength conversion member 18 including three scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , A Hot (see FIG. 20) provided corresponding to Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot , three scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , A Hot It is configured as a vehicular headlamp including a projection lens 20 as an optical system that projects a luminous intensity distribution formed on each of them and forms a predetermined light distribution pattern P. Of course, the number of the excitation light source 12, the reflection surface 60, the optical polarizer 201, and the scanning region A is not limited to three, and may be two or four or more.
　図３３に示すように、投影レンズ２０、波長変換部材１８、光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotは、この順に、車両前後方向に延びる基準軸ＡＸ（光軸とも称される）に沿って配置されている。 As shown in FIG. 33, the projection lens 20, the wavelength conversion member 18, the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are in this order along a reference axis AX (also referred to as an optical axis) that extends in the vehicle longitudinal direction. Are arranged.
　励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotは、それぞれの励起光ＲａｙWide、ＲａｙMid、ＲａｙHotが前方、かつ、基準軸ＡＸ寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢でレーザー保持部４６Ａに固定されて、基準軸ＡＸを取り囲むように配置されている。 The excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are fixed to the laser holding unit 46A in such a posture that the respective excitation lights Ray Wide , Ray Mid , and Ray Hot are inclined forward and toward the reference axis AX, It arrange | positions so that the reference axis AX may be surrounded.
　具体的には、励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotは、次のようにレーザー保持部４６Ａに固定されて配置されている。 Specifically, the excitation light sources 12 Wide , 12 Mid , and 12 Hot are fixed to the laser holding unit 46A as follows.
　レーザー保持部４６Ａは、光偏光器保持部５８の外周面のうち上部から前方斜め上方に向かって延びる延長部４６ＡＵ、光偏光器保持部５８の外周面のうち下部から前方斜め下方に向かって延びる延長部４６ＡＤ、光偏光器保持部５８の外周面のうち正面視で左部から前方斜め左方向に向かって延びる延長部４６ＡＬ、光偏光器保持部５８の外周面のうち正面視で右部から前方斜め右方向に向かって延びる延長部４６ＡＲ（図示せず）を含んでいる。 The laser holding unit 46A extends from the upper part of the outer peripheral surface of the optical polarizer holding unit 58 toward the front obliquely upward, and extends from the lower part of the outer peripheral surface of the optical polarizer holding unit 58 to the front obliquely downward. Of the outer peripheral surface of the extension part 46AD and the optical polarizer holding part 58, the extension part 46AL extending from the left part toward the front diagonally left direction in front view from the right part in the front view among the outer peripheral faces of the optical polarizer holder part 58. An extension 46AR (not shown) extending toward the front diagonal right direction is included.
　ワイド用励起光源１２Wideは、図３３に示すように、その励起光ＲａｙWideが前方斜め上方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢で延長部４６ＡＤの前面に固定されている。同様に、ミドル用励起光源１２Midは、その励起光ＲａｙMidが前方斜め下方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢で延長部４６ＡＵの前面に固定されている。同様に、ホット用励起光源１２Hotは、その励起光ＲａｙHotが正面視で前方斜め左方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢で延長部４６ＡＬの前面に固定されている。 As shown in FIG. 33, the wide excitation light source 12 Wide is fixed to the front surface of the extension 46AD so as to be inclined so that the excitation light Ray Wide travels obliquely forward and upward. Similarly, the middle excitation light source 12 Mid is fixed to the front surface of the extension 46 AU in an inclined posture so that the excitation light Ray Mid travels obliquely forward and downward. Similarly, the hot excitation light source 12 Hot is fixed to the front surface of the extension portion 46AL so as to be inclined so that the excitation light Ray Hot proceeds obliquely forward and leftward in a front view.
　投影レンズ２０（レンズ２０Ａ～２０Ｄ）が固定されたレンズホルダ５６は、その後端部が筒部４８の先端開口に螺合することで、当該筒部４８に固定されている。 The lens holder 56 to which the projection lens 20 (lenses 20A to 20D) is fixed is fixed to the cylinder portion 48 by screwing the rear end portion thereof to the front end opening of the cylinder portion 48.
　各々の励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotからの励起光ＲａｙWide、ＲａｙMid、ＲａｙHotは、各々の集光レンズ１４で集光され（例えばコリメートされ）、各々の反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hotで反射された後、各々の光偏光器２０１Mid、２０１Wide、２０１Hot（各々のミラー部２０２）に入射する。 Each of the pumping light source 12 Wide, 12 Mid, 12 excitation light Ray Wide from Hot, Ray Mid, Ray Hot is condensed by each condenser lens 14 (e.g., collimated), each of the reflective surface 60 Wide, 60 After being reflected by Mid and 60 Hot , it is incident on each of the optical polarizers 201 Mid , 201 Wide and 201 Hot (each mirror unit 202).
　反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hotは、それぞれ、励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotのうち対応する励起光源からの励起光が入射し、かつ、各々の反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hotからの反射光としての励起光ＲａｙWide、ＲａｙMid、ＲａｙHotが後方、かつ、基準軸ＡＸ寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢で反射面保持部６２に固定されて、励起光源１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hotより基準軸ＡＸ寄り、かつ、当該基準軸ＡＸを取り囲むように配置されている。 Reflecting surface 60 Wide, 60 Mid, 60 Hot, respectively, the excitation light source 12 Wide, 12 Mid, 12 is the excitation light from the corresponding pump light source incident Of Hot, and each of the reflecting surfaces 60 Wide, 60 Mid, The excitation light Ray Wide , Ray Mid , Ray Hot as the reflected light from 60 Hot is fixed to the reflection surface holding unit 62 in a posture inclined rearward and toward the reference axis AX, and the excitation light source 12 Wide , 12 Mid and 12 Hot are arranged closer to the reference axis AX and so as to surround the reference axis AX.
　具体的には、反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hot、は、次のように反射面保持部６２に固定されて配置されている。 Specifically, the reflective surfaces 60 Wide , 60 Mid , and 60 Hot are fixed to the reflective surface holding unit 62 and arranged as follows.
　反射面保持部６２は、基準軸ＡＸ方向に延びる筒部４８の後端から後方外側に向かって延びるリング状の延長部６４を含んでいる。リング状の延長部６４の後面は基準軸ＡＸ寄りの内側より外側が後方に位置するように傾斜している（図３３参照）。 The reflection surface holding portion 62 includes a ring-shaped extension portion 64 extending from the rear end of the cylindrical portion 48 extending in the direction of the reference axis AX toward the rear outer side. The rear surface of the ring-shaped extension part 64 is inclined so that the outer side is located rearward from the inner side near the reference axis AX (see FIG. 33).
　ワイド用反射面６０Wideは、その反射光としての励起光ＲａｙWideが後方斜め上方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢でリング状の延長部６４の後面のうち下部に固定されている。同様に、ミドル用反射面６０Midは、その反射光としての励起光ＲａｙMidが後方斜め下方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢でリング状の延長部６４の後面のうち上部に固定されている。同様に、ホット用反射面６０Hot（図示せず）は、その反射光としての励起光ＲａｙHotが正面視で後方斜め右方向に向かって進行するように傾斜した姿勢でリング状の延長部６４の後面のうち正面視で左部に固定されている。 The wide reflection surface 60 Wide is fixed to the lower part of the rear surface of the ring-shaped extension 64 in such a posture that the excitation light Ray Wide as reflected light travels obliquely upward in the backward direction. Similarly, the middle reflecting surface 60 Mid is fixed to the upper part of the rear surface of the ring-shaped extension 64 in such a posture that the excitation light Ray Mid as the reflected light travels obliquely backward and downward. ing. Similarly, the hot reflecting surface 60 Hot (not shown) is inclined such that the excitation light Ray Hot as the reflected light advances obliquely rearward and rightward when viewed from the front, and the ring-shaped extension 64. It is fixed to the left part of the rear surface in front view.
　光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotは、それぞれ、図３４に示すように、反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hotのうち対応する反射面からの反射光としての励起光が各々のミラー部２０２に入射し、かつ、各々のミラー部２０２からの反射光としての励起光が走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのうち対応する走査領域に向かうように、反射面６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hotより基準軸ＡＸ寄り、かつ、当該基準軸ＡＸを取り囲むように配置されている。 As shown in FIG. 34, the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are respectively provided with excitation light as reflected light from the corresponding reflecting surface among the reflecting surfaces 60 Wide , 60 Mid , and 60 Hot. Reflecting surfaces 60 Wide and 60 Mid so that the excitation light incident on the section 202 and the excitation light as reflected light from each mirror section 202 is directed to the corresponding scanning area among the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot. , 60 Hot is arranged closer to the reference axis AX and surrounding the reference axis AX.
　具体的には、光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotは、上記第２実施形態と同様、光偏光器保持部５８に固定されて配置されている。 Specifically, the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot are fixed to the optical polarizer holder 58 and arranged as in the second embodiment.
　ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wide（本発明の第１光偏光器に相当）は、そのミラー部２０２がワイド用反射面６０Wideからの反射光としての励起光ＲａｙWideの光路上に位置した状態で、四角錐形状の前面のうち下面５８Ｄに傾斜した姿勢で固定されている。同様に、ミドル用光偏光器２０１Mid（本発明の第２光偏光器に相当）は、そのミラー部２０２がミドル用反射面６０Midからの反射光としての励起光ＲａｙMidの光路上に位置した状態で、四角錐形状の前面のうち上面５８Ｕに傾斜した姿勢で固定されている。同様に、ホット用光偏光器２０１Hot（本発明の第３光偏光器に相当）は、そのミラー部２０２がホット用反射面６０Hotからの反射光としての励起光ＲａｙHotの光路上に位置した状態で、四角錐形状の前面のうち正面視で左側に配置された左面５８Ｌに傾斜した姿勢で固定されている。 The wide optical polarizer 201 Wide (corresponding to the first optical polarizer of the present invention) is in a state where the mirror unit 202 is positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Wide as reflected light from the wide reflective surface 60 Wide. Of the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape, it is fixed in an inclined posture to the lower surface 58D. Similarly, in the middle optical polarizer 201 Mid (corresponding to the second optical polarizer of the present invention), the mirror unit 202 is positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Mid as reflected light from the middle reflecting surface 60 Mid. In this state, it is fixed in a posture inclined to the upper surface 58U of the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid shape. Similarly, in the hot light polarizer 201 Hot (corresponding to the third light polarizer of the present invention), the mirror unit 202 is positioned on the optical path of the excitation light Ray Hot as the reflected light from the hot reflective surface 60 Hot. In this state, the front surface of the quadrangular pyramid is fixed in a posture inclined to the left surface 58L disposed on the left side when viewed from the front.
　各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotは、第１軸Ｘ１が鉛直面に含まれ、第２軸Ｘ２が水平面に含まれた状態で配置されている。各々の光偏光器２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hotをこのように配置することで、車両用前照灯において求められる、水平方向にワイドで垂直方向に薄い所定配光パターン（所定配光パターンに対応する二次元像）を容易に形成（描画）することができる。 Each of the optical polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot is arranged with the first axis X1 included in the vertical plane and the second axis X2 included in the horizontal plane. By disposing the respective light polarizers 201 Wide , 201 Mid , and 201 Hot in this manner, a predetermined light distribution pattern that is wide in the horizontal direction and thin in the vertical direction, which is required in a vehicle headlamp (in a predetermined light distribution pattern). A corresponding two-dimensional image) can be easily formed (drawn).
　ワイド用光偏光器２０１Wideは、そのミラー部２０２によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光ＲａｙWideにより、ワイド用走査領域ＡWide（本発明の第１走査領域に相当）に第１二次元像を描画することで、当該ワイド用走査領域ＡWideに第１光度分布を形成する。 The wide optical polarizer 201 Wide has a wide scanning area A Wide (corresponding to the first scanning area of the present invention) by excitation light Ray Wide scanned two-dimensionally in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202. A first light intensity distribution is formed in the wide scanning area A Wide by drawing the first two-dimensional image.
　ミドル用光偏光器２０１Midは、そのミラー部２０２によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光ＲａｙMidにより、ミドル用走査領域ＡMid（本発明の第２走査領域に相当）に第２二次元像の一部に重なった状態で第２二次元像を描画することで、当該ミドル用走査領域ＡMidに第１光度分布より光度が高い第２光度分布を形成する。 The middle optical polarizer 201 Mid is a middle scanning area A Mid (corresponding to the second scanning area of the present invention) by the excitation light Ray Mid that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202. By drawing the second 2D image in a state where the second 2D image is partially overlapped with the second 2D image, a second luminous intensity distribution having a luminous intensity higher than the first luminous intensity distribution is formed in the middle scanning area A Mid .
　図２０に示すように、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidはワイド用走査領域ＡWideより小サイズで、かつ、ワイド用走査領域ＡWideの一部と重なっている。その結果、当該重なったミドル用走査領域ＡMidに形成される光度分布が相対的に高くなる。 As shown in FIG. 20, middle scan area A Mid in a small size than the wide scanning area A Wide, and overlaps with part of the wide scanning area A Wide. As a result, the luminous intensity distribution formed in the overlapped middle scanning area A Mid becomes relatively high.
　ホット用光偏光器２０１Hotは、そのミラー部２０２によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光ＲａｙHotにより、ホット用走査領域ＡHot（本発明の第３走査領域に相当）に第３二次元像の一部及び第２二次元像の一部に重なった状態で第３二次元像を描画することで、当該ホット用走査領域ＡHotに第２光度分布より光度が高い第３光度分布を形成する。 The hot light polarizer 201 Hot is a hot scanning area A Hot (corresponding to the third scanning area of the present invention) by the excitation light Ray Hot that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit 202. By drawing the third 2D image in a state where it overlaps a part of the third 2D image and a part of the second 2D image, the luminous intensity is higher in the hot scanning area A Hot than the second luminous intensity distribution. A third light intensity distribution is formed.
　図２０に示すように、ホット用走査領域ＡHotはミドル用走査領域ＡMidより小サイズで、かつ、ミドル用走査領域ＡMidの一部と重なっている。その結果、当該重なったホット用走査領域ＡHotに形成される光度分布が相対的に高くなる。 As shown in FIG. 20, the hot scanning area A Hot small size than the middle scan area A Mid, and overlaps a portion of the middle scan area A Mid. As a result, the luminous intensity distribution formed in the overlapping hot scanning area A Hot becomes relatively high.
　なお、各々の走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotは、図２０に例示した外形が矩形の領域に限らず、例えば、外形が円形、楕円形又はそれ以外の各種の形状の領域であってもよい。 Each of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot is not limited to the area having the rectangular outer shape illustrated in FIG. 20, but is, for example, an area having a circular, elliptical, or other various shapes. Also good.
　波長変換部材１８は、上記第２実施形態と同様、蛍光体保持部５２に固定されている。 The wavelength conversion member 18 is fixed to the phosphor holder 52 as in the second embodiment.
　本実施形態においても、上記第２実施形態と同様の手法で、走査領域ＡWide、ＡMid、ＡHotのサイズ（水平方向の長さ及び垂直方向の長さ）を調整することができる。 Also in the present embodiment, the sizes (horizontal length and vertical length) of the scanning areas A Wide , A Mid , and A Hot can be adjusted by the same method as in the second embodiment.
　本実施形態によれば、上記第２実施形態と同様、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、コンパクト化を可能とし、かつ、コストアップの要因となる部品点数を低減することが可能となる。 According to the present embodiment, as in the second embodiment, in the vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that two-dimensionally scans the excitation light, it is possible to make it compact and increase the cost. It becomes possible to reduce the number of parts.
　また、本実施形態によれば、励起光を二次元的に走査する複数の光偏光器を用いた車両用灯具において、一部の光度が相対的に高く、そこから周囲に向かうに従って光度がグラデーション状に低くなる所定配光パターン、例えば、図２５に示すように、中心光度（ＰHot）が相対的に高く、そこから周囲に向かう（ＰHot→ＰMid→ＰWide）に従って光度がグラデーション状に低くなる、遠方視認性及び配光フィーリングに優れた所定配光パターンＰ（例えば、ハイビーム用配光パターン）を形成することができる。 In addition, according to the present embodiment, in a vehicular lamp using a plurality of optical polarizers that scan excitation light two-dimensionally, a part of the light intensity is relatively high, and the light intensity gradations toward the periphery from there. As shown in FIG. 25, for example, as shown in FIG. 25, the central luminous intensity (P Hot ) is relatively high, and the luminous intensity is gradation according to the direction from there to (P Hot → P Mid → P Wide ). Therefore, it is possible to form a predetermined light distribution pattern P (for example, a high-beam light distribution pattern) that is excellent in distance visibility and light distribution feeling.
　また、本実施形態によれば、上記車両用灯具３００（灯具ユニット）と比べ、反射が１回増えるため、その分の効率が若干低下するものの、車両用灯具４００（灯具ユニット）を上下左右方向（水平方向及び鉛直方向）に関し、小型化することができる。 In addition, according to the present embodiment, since the reflection is increased once compared with the vehicle lamp 300 (lamp unit), the efficiency is slightly reduced, but the vehicle lamp 400 (lamp unit) is moved in the vertical and horizontal directions. The size can be reduced with respect to (horizontal direction and vertical direction).
　次に、変形例について説明する。 Next, a modified example will be described.
　上記第１～第３実施形態では、励起光源１２（１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hot）として励起光を放出する半導体発光素子を用いた例を説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されない。 In the first to third embodiments, the example in which the semiconductor light emitting element that emits the excitation light is used as the excitation light source 12 (12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot ) has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
　例えば、励起光源１２（１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hot）として、図３０、図３５に示すように、励起光を出射する光ファイバＦの出射端面Ｆａを用いてもよい。特に、励起光源１２（１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hot）として、励起光を出射する光ファイバＦの出射端面Ｆａを用いることで、当該光ファイバＦの入射端面Ｆｂから導入される励起光を放出する励起光源（図示せず）を、車両用灯具１０（車両用灯具本体）から離間した場所に配置することができるため、車両用灯具１０のさらなるコンパクト化、軽量化を実現することができる。 For example, as the excitation light source 12 (12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot ), as shown in FIGS. 30 and 35, an emission end face Fa of an optical fiber F that emits excitation light may be used. In particular, the excitation light introduced from the incident end face Fb of the optical fiber F is emitted by using the emission end face Fa of the optical fiber F that emits the excitation light as the excitation light source 12 (12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot ). Since the excitation light source (not shown) to be arranged can be arranged at a location separated from the vehicle lamp 10 (vehicle lamp body), the vehicle lamp 10 can be further reduced in size and weight.
　図３５は、３つの励起光源（図示せず）と、各々の励起光源からの励起光としてのレーザー光が入射する入射端面Ｆｂと当該入射端面Ｆｂから導入されるレーザー光が出射する出射端面Ｆａとを含むコアと当該コアの周囲を取り囲むクラッドとを含む３本の光ファイバＦとを組み合わせた例である。なお、説明の都合上、図３５中、ホット用光ファイバＦは省略してある。 FIG. 35 shows three excitation light sources (not shown), an incident end face Fb on which laser light as excitation light from each excitation light source is incident, and an emission end face Fa from which laser light introduced from the incident end face Fb is emitted. Are combined with three optical fibers F including a core surrounding the core and a clad surrounding the core. For convenience of explanation, the hot optical fiber F is omitted in FIG.
　図３０は、１つの励起光源１２と、励起光源１２からの励起光としてのレーザー光を複数（例えば３）に分配する光分配器６８と、当光分配器６８で分配された各々の励起光としてのレーザー光が入射する入射端面Ｆｂと当該入射端面Ｆｂから導入されるレーザー光が出射する出射端面Ｆａとを含むコアと当該コアの周囲を取り囲むクラッドとを含む分配数に応じた本数（例えば３本）の光ファイバＦとを組み合わせた例である。 30 shows one excitation light source 12, an optical distributor 68 that distributes laser light as excitation light from the excitation light source 12 into a plurality (for example, three), and each excitation light distributed by the optical distributor 68. The number according to the number of distributions including the core including the incident end face Fb on which the laser light is incident and the exit end face Fa from which the laser light introduced from the incident end face Fb is emitted and the clad surrounding the periphery of the core (for example, This is an example in which three optical fibers F are combined.
　図３６は、光分配器６８の内部構造例で、複数の無偏向ビームスプリッタ６８ａ、偏向ビームスプリッタ６８ｂ、１／２λ板６８ｃ及びミラー６８ｄを図３６のとおりに配置することで、集光レンズ１４で集光された励起光源１２からの励起光としてのレーザー光を、２５％、３７．５％、３７．５％の割合で分配するように構成された光分配器の例である。 FIG. 36 shows an example of the internal structure of the optical distributor 68. A plurality of non-deflecting beam splitters 68a, deflecting beam splitters 68b, 1 / 2λ plates 68c and mirrors 68d are arranged as shown in FIG. This is an example of an optical distributor configured to distribute the laser light as the excitation light from the excitation light source 12 collected in step 1 at a ratio of 25%, 37.5%, and 37.5%.
　これら変形例によっても、上記各実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。 These modifications can also provide the same effects as those of the above embodiments.
　上記実施形態及び各変形例で示した各数値は全て例示であり、これと異なる適宜の数値を用いることができる。 The numerical values shown in the above embodiment and the respective modifications are all examples, and appropriate different numerical values can be used.
　上記実施形態はあらゆる点で単なる例示にすぎない。これらの記載によって本発明は限定的に解釈されるものではない。本発明はその精神または主要な特徴から逸脱することなく他の様々な形で実施することができる。 The above embodiments are merely examples in all respects. The present invention is not construed as being limited to these descriptions. The present invention can be implemented in various other forms without departing from the spirit or main features thereof.
　１０…車両用灯具、１２（１２Wide、１２Mid、１２Hot）…励起光源、１４…集光レンズ、１８…波長変換部材、２０…投影レンズ、２２…枠体、２４…制御部、２６…ＭＥＭＳ電源回路、２８…ＬＤ電源回路、３０…撮像装置、３２…照度センサ、３４…車速センサ、３６…車両の傾きセンサ、３８…距離センサ、４０…アクセル・ブレーキセンサ、４２…振動センサ、４４…記憶装置、４６、４６Ａ…レーザー保持部、４８…筒部、５２…蛍光体保持部、５２ａ…開口、５４…放熱部、５６…レンズホルダ、５８…光偏光器保持部、６０（６０Wide、６０Mid、６０Hot）…反射面、６２…反射面保持部、２０１（２０１Wide、２０１Mid、２０１Hot）…光偏光器、３００…車両用灯具 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Vehicle lamp, 12 (12 Wide , 12 Mid , 12 Hot ) ... Excitation light source, 14 ... Condensing lens, 18 ... Wavelength conversion member, 20 ... Projection lens, 22 ... Frame, 24 ... Control part, 26 ... MEMS power supply circuit, 28 ... LD power supply circuit, 30 ... imaging device, 32 ... illuminance sensor, 34 ... vehicle speed sensor, 36 ... vehicle tilt sensor, 38 ... distance sensor, 40 ... accelerator / brake sensor, 42 ... vibration sensor, 44 ... Storage device 46, 46A ... Laser holder, 48 ... Cylinder part, 52 ... Phosphor holder, 52a ... Opening, 54 ... Heat dissipation part, 56 ... Lens holder, 58 ... Optical polarizer holder, 60 (60 Wide) , 60 Mid , 60 Hot )... Reflective surface, 62... Reflective surface holding section, 201 (201 Wide , 201 Mid , 201 Hot )... Optical polarizer, 300.

Claims (9)

  1. 　所定配光パターンを形成するように構成された車両用灯具において、
    　複数の励起光源と、
    　前記複数の励起光源に対応して設けられた複数の光偏光器であって、前記複数の励起光源のうち対応する励起光源から入射する励起光を水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査するミラー部を含む複数の光偏光器と、
    　前記複数の光偏光器に対応して設けられた複数の走査領域を含む波長変換部材であって、前記複数の光偏光器それぞれの前記ミラー部によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光により、前記複数の走査領域のうち対応する走査領域に二次元像が描画されることで、前記複数の走査領域それぞれに光度分布が形成される波長変換部材と、
    　前記複数の走査領域それぞれに形成される光度分布を投影して、前記所定配光パターンを形成する光学系と、を備え、
    　前記複数の走査領域のうち少なくとも１つは他の走査領域の一部と重なっており、当該重なった走査領域に形成される光度分布が相対的に高くなる車両用灯具。     In a vehicular lamp configured to form a predetermined light distribution pattern,
    A plurality of excitation light sources;
    A plurality of optical polarizers provided corresponding to the plurality of excitation light sources, wherein the excitation light incident from the corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. A plurality of optical polarizers including a mirror part;
    A wavelength conversion member including a plurality of scanning regions provided corresponding to the plurality of optical polarizers, and is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror section of each of the plurality of optical polarizers. A wavelength conversion member in which a luminous intensity distribution is formed in each of the plurality of scanning regions by drawing a two-dimensional image in the corresponding scanning region among the plurality of scanning regions by the excitation light to be
    An optical system that projects a light intensity distribution formed in each of the plurality of scanning regions to form the predetermined light distribution pattern;
    A vehicle lamp in which at least one of the plurality of scanning regions overlaps with a part of another scanning region, and a light intensity distribution formed in the overlapping scanning region is relatively high.
  2. 　前記複数の励起光源は、励起光を放出する半導体発光素子又は励起光を出射する光ファイバの出射端面である請求項１に記載の車両用灯具。 2. The vehicular lamp according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of excitation light sources are semiconductor light emitting elements that emit excitation light or emission end faces of optical fibers that emit excitation light.
  3. 　前記複数の光偏光器は、第１光偏光器、第２光偏光器、第３光偏光器を含み、
    　前記複数の走査領域は、第１走査領域、前記第１走査領域より小サイズでかつ前記第１走査領域と重なった第２走査領域、前記第２走査領域より小サイズでかつ前記第２走査領域と重なった第３走査領域を含み、
    　前記第１光偏光器は、当該第１光偏光器の前記ミラー部によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光により、前記第１走査領域に第１二次元像を描画することで、当該第１走査領域に第１光度分布を形成し、
    　前記第２光偏光器は、当該第２光偏光器の前記ミラー部によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光により、前記第２走査領域に前記第１二次元像の一部に重なった状態で第２二次元像を描画することで、当該第２走査領域に前記第１光度分布より光度が高い第２光度分布を形成し、
    　前記第３光偏光器は、当該第３光偏光器の前記ミラー部によって水平方向及び垂直方向に二次元的に走査される励起光により、前記第３走査領域に前記第１二次元像の一部及び前記第２二次元像の一部に重なった状態で第３二次元像を描画することで、当該第３走査領域に前記第２光度分布より光度が高い第３光度分布を形成する請求項１又は２に記載の車両用灯具。     The plurality of optical polarizers include a first optical polarizer, a second optical polarizer, and a third optical polarizer,
    The plurality of scanning areas are a first scanning area, a second scanning area smaller than the first scanning area and overlapping the first scanning area, a smaller size than the second scanning area, and the second scanning area. A third scanning area overlapping with
    The first optical polarizer draws a first two-dimensional image in the first scanning region by excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal and vertical directions by the mirror unit of the first optical polarizer. Thus, the first light intensity distribution is formed in the first scanning region,
    The second optical polarizer is configured to transmit one of the first two-dimensional images to the second scanning region by excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror unit of the second optical polarizer. By drawing the second two-dimensional image in a state of overlapping the part, a second luminous intensity distribution having a luminous intensity higher than the first luminous intensity distribution is formed in the second scanning region,
    The third optical polarizer is configured to transmit one of the first two-dimensional images to the third scanning region by excitation light that is two-dimensionally scanned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the mirror unit of the third optical polarizer. A third light intensity distribution having a light intensity higher than that of the second light intensity distribution is formed in the third scanning region by drawing a third two-dimensional image in a state where the second light image overlaps with a portion of the second two-dimensional image. Item 3. A vehicle lamp according to item 1 or 2.
  4. 　前記光学系、前記波長変換部材、前記複数の光偏光器は、この順に基準軸に沿って配置されており、
    　前記複数の励起光源は、それぞれの励起光が後方、かつ、前記基準軸寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢で、前記基準軸を取り囲むように配置されており、
    　前記複数の光偏光器は、それぞれ、前記複数の励起光源のうち対応する励起光源からの励起光が各々の前記ミラー部に入射し、かつ、各々の前記ミラー部からの反射光としての励起光が前記複数の走査領域のうち対応する走査領域に向かうように、前記複数の励起光源より前記基準軸寄り、かつ、当該基準軸を取り囲むように配置されている請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の車両用灯具。     The optical system, the wavelength conversion member, and the plurality of optical polarizers are arranged along a reference axis in this order,
    The plurality of excitation light sources are arranged so as to surround the reference axis in a posture in which each excitation light is inclined backward and toward the reference axis,
    In each of the plurality of optical polarizers, excitation light from a corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources is incident on each of the mirror units, and excitation light is reflected as light from each of the mirror units. 4 is arranged so as to be closer to the reference axis than the plurality of excitation light sources and so as to surround the reference axis so as to go to a corresponding scanning area among the plurality of scanning areas. The vehicle lamp according to Item.
  5. 　前記複数の励起光源に対応して設けられた複数の反射面をさらに備えており、
    　前記光学系、前記波長変換部材、前記複数の光偏光器は、この順に基準軸に沿って配置されており、
    　前記複数の励起光源は、それぞれの励起光が前方、かつ、前記基準軸寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢で、前記基準軸を取り囲むように配置されており、
    　前記複数の反射面は、それぞれ、前記複数の励起光源のうち対応する励起光源からの励起光が入射し、かつ、各々の反射面からの反射光としての励起光が後方、かつ、前記基準軸寄りに向かうように傾斜した姿勢で、前記複数の励起光源より前記基準軸寄り、かつ、当該基準軸を取り囲むように配置されており、
    　前記複数の光偏光器は、それぞれ、前記複数の反射面のうち対応する反射面からの反射光としての励起光が各々の前記ミラー部に入射し、かつ、各々の前記ミラー部からの反射光としての励起光が前記複数の走査領域のうち対応する走査領域に向かうように、前記複数の反射面より前記基準軸寄り、かつ、当該基準軸を取り囲むように配置されている請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の車両用灯具。     Further comprising a plurality of reflecting surfaces provided corresponding to the plurality of excitation light sources,
    The optical system, the wavelength conversion member, and the plurality of optical polarizers are arranged along a reference axis in this order,
    The plurality of excitation light sources are arranged so as to surround the reference axis in a posture in which each excitation light is inclined forward and toward the reference axis,
    Each of the plurality of reflecting surfaces receives excitation light from a corresponding excitation light source among the plurality of excitation light sources, and excitation light as reflected light from each reflection surface is behind, and the reference axis In a posture inclined toward the side, arranged closer to the reference axis than the plurality of excitation light sources, and surrounding the reference axis,
    In each of the plurality of optical polarizers, excitation light as reflected light from a corresponding reflecting surface among the plurality of reflecting surfaces is incident on each of the mirror units, and reflected light from each of the mirror units. The excitation light is arranged so as to be closer to the reference axis than the plurality of reflecting surfaces and to surround the reference axis so that the excitation light is directed to a corresponding scanning area among the plurality of scanning areas. The vehicle lamp according to any one of the above.
  6. 　前記光学系は、投影レンズであり、
    　前記投影レンズは、像面が平面になるように収差が補正された複数枚のレンズからなる投影レンズとして構成されており、
    　前記波長変換部材は、平板形状に構成されており、前記像面に沿って配置されている請求項１から５のいずれか１項に記載の車両用灯具。     The optical system is a projection lens;
    The projection lens is configured as a projection lens composed of a plurality of lenses whose aberrations are corrected so that the image surface is a plane.
    The vehicular lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wavelength conversion member is configured in a flat plate shape and is disposed along the image plane.
  7. 　前記複数の光偏光器はそれぞれ、前記ミラー部と、前記ミラー部を囲むように配置され、第１軸を中心に往復揺動できるように前記ミラー部を支持する可動枠と、前記可動枠を囲むように配置され、前記第１軸と直交する第２軸を中心に往復揺動できるように前記可動枠を支持する台座と、共振駆動により、前記ミラー部を前記可動枠に対して前記第１軸を中心に往復揺動させる第１圧電アクチュエータと、非共振駆動により、前記可動枠及び当該可動枠に支持された前記ミラー部を前記台座に対して前記第２軸を中心に往復揺動させる第２圧電アクチュエータと、を備える１軸非共振・１軸共振タイプの光偏光器として構成されており、
    　前記複数の光偏光器はそれぞれ、前記第１軸が鉛直面に含まれ、前記第２軸が水平面に含まれた状態で配置されている請求項１から６のいずれか１項に記載の車両用灯具。     Each of the plurality of optical polarizers is arranged so as to surround the mirror part, the mirror part, a movable frame that supports the mirror part so as to reciprocately swing around a first axis, and the movable frame. A pedestal that is disposed so as to surround and supports the movable frame so as to reciprocally swing around a second axis orthogonal to the first axis, and the mirror portion with respect to the movable frame by the resonance drive. A first piezoelectric actuator that reciprocally oscillates about one axis, and a non-resonant drive to reciprocally oscillate the movable frame and the mirror portion supported by the movable frame about the second axis with respect to the pedestal. A uniaxial non-resonant / uniaxial resonant type optical polarizer comprising a second piezoelectric actuator
    The vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each of the plurality of optical polarizers is arranged in a state where the first axis is included in a vertical plane and the second axis is included in a horizontal plane. Lamps.
  8. 　前記複数の光偏光器それぞれと前記波長変換部材との間の距離は同一である請求項１から７のいずれか１項に記載の車両用灯具。 The vehicular lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a distance between each of the plurality of optical polarizers and the wavelength conversion member is the same.
  9. 　前記複数の光偏光器それぞれと前記波長変換部材との間の距離は相互に異なる請求項１から７のいずれか１項に記載の車両用灯具。 The vehicular lamp according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a distance between each of the plurality of optical polarizers and the wavelength conversion member is different from each other.
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