Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
  • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
  • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
  • C25C3/10—External supporting frames or structures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
  • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
  • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
  • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
  • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
  • C25C3/12—Anodes
  • C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
  • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
  • C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the general technical field of aluminum production by electrolysis in an electrolysis cell containing a cryolite bath (hereinafter referred to as "cryolite bath").
• an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of anode assembly lifting devices contained in the electrolytic cell, each anode assembly comprising at least one precured carbon anode.
• Aluminum is essentially produced by electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a cryolite bath.
• Each anode assembly comprises an anode structure - composed of an anode rod and hooking means - mounted on at least one anode, more particularly a precooked carbon block.
• the product aluminum is liquid. It is deposited by gravity on the cathode which is waterproof. Regularly the produced aluminum, or a part of the produced aluminum, is sucked by a ladle, and transferred into foundry furnaces.
• the carbon anodes are consumed progressively during the electrolysis reaction. Once one of the used anode sets, it is replaced by a new anode assembly.
• a distribution of current as regular as possible between the various anode assemblies is essential for obtaining a good output of aluminum production. This is why the position of an anodic plane - defined by the lower faces of the anodes anode assemblies - must be precisely controlled.
• the position of the anodic plane facing the liquid aluminum cathode layer must be periodically adjusted to take into account the variation of parameters such as: the height of the aluminum sheet, which increases regularly and then drops sharply during the racking the metal,
• the positioning of the anode plane is typically achieved by means of a jack and linkage system which drives in motion an anode frame and the plurality of anode assemblies which are attached and connected to this anode frame.
• Such a cylinder and linkage system moving an anode frame disposed above the tank has the disadvantage of generating a large space above the tank.
• the height, and therefore the cost, of the building in which the tanks are arranged depends on the height of the tanks so that this solution is not satisfactory.
• the displacement of an anode frame to which a plurality of anode assemblies is attached does not allow a fine and individualized adjustment of the position of the anode assemblies which can make it possible to compensate for:
• Patent document US Pat. No. 3,575,827 also discloses a lifting device comprising a ram formed of a body and a rod, the jack body being disposed against a longitudinal side wall of the vessel casing and the free end of the casing. rod serving as a supporting structure for the anode assemblies.
• a disadvantage of such a device is that the longitudinal side wall of the box, particularly at the liquid level, is very hot and radiates so that the operation and the life of the cylinder can be degraded.
• the positioning of the cylinder gene thermal exchanges at the longitudinal side wall of the box which must be controllable to control the size of the slope formed in the tank, for example by air blowing as known from the patent publication W099 / 54526.
• the stroke of the cylinder must be important so that the size, including longitudinal cylinder is problematic for positioning against the wall, due in particular to the limited space left in space inter-tanks by the various electrical conductors of the electrolysis current.
• the lifting device also does not participate in the supply of the electrolysis current to the anode assembly so that when an anode assembly is changed, the electrical supply conductor must be manipulated in addition to be reconnected to the new anode set.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a tank comprising a lifting system whose configuration allows to overcome, at least in part, the disadvantages mentioned above.
• the invention proposes an electrolytic cell that can be used for the production of aluminum, comprising a box including a bottom and transverse and longitudinal lateral walls, the box being covered with an inner lining intended to receive a cryolite bath and a plurality of anode assemblies each including an anode structure and at least one anode immersed in the cryolite bath, the vessel further comprising a plurality of lifting devices extending along the longitudinal side walls of the housing for moving the anode assemblies, the lifting devices comprising a jack consisting of a body and a jack rod extending along a longitudinal axis B-B ', and an anode receiver for receiving an end of the anode structure, the jack being coupled to the anode receiver to translate it along a translation axis TT 'between a retracted position, and an extended position, characterized in that the longitudinal axis B-B 'of the jack is parallel and distinct from the translation axis T-T' of the anode receiver.
• Lifting devices do not extend above the anodes, preferably not above the cryolite bath and more preferably not above the well.
• the term above must be understood as above the element to which it relates and in a volume formed by vertical translation of the surface obtained by projection of this element in a horizontal plane. Lifting devices do so no obstacle to a vertical stroke of anode assemblies.
• the lifting devices serve to move the anode units vertically in translation in the electrolytic cell to adjust the positioning of the anode plane during the operation of the electrolytic cell and form an integral part of the electrolytic cell.
• the anode assemblies are of the precooked type intended to be changed periodically after wear of the anodes constituting them.
• the anode structure can mechanically support the anodes which are precooked carbon blocks and ensure the electrical connection of the anode assembly at each change of anode assembly.
• parallel and distinct axes means two parallel and non-coincident axes, that is to say spaced apart by a non-zero distance
• the lifting devices may comprise a transverse link beam between the jack rod and the anode receiver, said connecting beam preferably extending along a perpendicular transverse axis. to the longitudinal axis BB 'of the jack and to the translation axis T-T'.
• the assembly consisting of the cylinder rod, the connecting beam and the anode receiver can form a U-shaped structure so that the cylinder body extends opposite the anode receiver.
• facing is meant that at least one plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder passes through the cylinder body and the anode receiver. This makes it possible to limit the height of the lifting devices.
• the connecting beam is integral with the cylinder rod and the connecting beam is mounted integral with the anode receiver. This makes it possible to transmit the movements of the rod to the anode receiver.
• the anode receiver may comprise a bar extending along the translation axis T-T '.
• this bar comprises a housing at one of its ends, said housing being intended to receive the end of the anode structure.
• This bar allows mechanical retention of the anode structure above the cryolite bath. It can also allow the conduction of the electric current for the supply of the anode assemblies. To do this, a portion of the bar is electrically connected to flexible electrical conduction means.
• the anode assembly is in particular electrically powered via the housing, and more particularly the surfaces in contact with the anode structure and the housing.
• a fastening system may be provided to secure the anode structure to the housing.
• This fixing system may include means for plating the anode structure against the housing to ensure the conduction of the current between the housing and the anode structure.
• the bar may be of rectangular or square section to improve its mechanical strength. It may further comprise a steel skeleton and copper portions housed in or around the skeleton for conveying electrical energy to the anode assemblies.
• the lifting devices may include means for guiding the anode receiver to guide the movement of the anode receiver along the translation axis T-T '.
• the guide means at least partially surround the anode receiver and define a sliding guide path for the anode receiver.
• the guide means may comprise two rings spaced apart by a non-zero distance along the translation axis T-T ', each ring surrounding a portion of the anode receiver.
• each ring may comprise a slot for the passage of the connecting beam when moving the anode receiver between the retracted and deployed positions. This makes it possible to maximize the distance between the rings in order to avoid any angular play of the bar in the guide means. This guarantees a displacement in vertical translation of the anode receiver.
• the lifting devices are attached to the electrolytic cell so that the translation axis T-T 'of each anode receiver (and thus the longitudinal axis of the cylinder) is vertical.
• each electrolysis cell comprises a plurality of anode assemblies.
• Each anode structure extends transversely in the tank and is associated with a respective pair of lifting devices arranged along opposite longitudinal side walls of the box and each carrying one end of the anode structure.
• the vessel advantageously comprises a controller connected to the lifting devices for controlling the synchronous displacement of the lifting devices of each pair. This makes it possible to ensure a displacement in vertical translation of each anode assembly.
• the electrolytic cell may comprise a confinement chamber resting on the caisson, the chamber including transverse and longitudinal lateral walls, and being intended to define a volume of confinement of the gases above the bath. cryolithaire.
• Each lifting device can advantageously be attached to one of the longitudinal side walls of the containment enclosure.
• each lifting device can be attached to an upper edge of the confinement enclosure opposite the box so that the body of the cylinder of each lifting device is positioned at an altitude greater than the altitude of the cryolite bath.
• each lifting device is fixed to the upper edge of the containment enclosure by a free end of the jack so that said free end is further away from the bottom of the box than the jack rod.
• the side walls of the containment chamber are offset outwards with respect to the side walls of the box so that said side walls of the enclosure extend around and above the side walls of the box, the side walls of the box and the containment being mechanically connected by an annular plate, the anode receptors of the lifting devices extending through openings in the plate.
• the translation axis T-T is preferably vertical, the anode receptors being able to move in vertical translation through the openings in the plate.
• the anode receivers pass through the containment chamber through annular dynamic seal seals. This makes it possible to further improve the tightness of the tank.
• the jacks of the lifting devices can extend outside the tank.
• the electrolytic cell may also comprise a gas collection device including at least one gas collection duct having suction holes for gas suction, each lifting device being fixed on said collection duct.
• Each collection duct of the gas collection device may extend along the upper edge of the longitudinal side walls of the enclosure, each lifting device being fixed to said collection duct by a free end of the cylinder so that said end free is further from the bottom of the box than the cylinder rod.
• a collection sheath is formed which, in addition to its primary gas routing function, can be used in particular as:
• strapping belt for the set consisting of the box and the enclosure, and as a
• mounting bracket for various elements of the electrolysis cell such as lifting devices.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 are views in longitudinal and transverse sections of an example of an electrolytic cell
• Figures 3 and 4 are perspective views of a lifting device of the electrolytic cell.
• 'Upper opening' means an opening in a horizontal wall of a rectangular parallelepiped opposite to the bottom
• face / side wall means a face / vertical wall of a rectangular parallelepiped extending in a plane perpendicular to the bottom
• 'Longitudinal faces / walls' means the vertical faces / walls of a rectangular parallelepiped of which at least one dimension is greater than the dimensions of the other faces / side walls,
• faces / transverse walls means vertical faces / walls extending perpendicular to the longitudinal faces / walls.
• the rectangular parallelepiped-shaped electrolysis cell comprises a caisson 1, a confinement chamber 2, a plurality of anode assemblies 3, a cathode 4, a gas collection device 5 and lifting devices 6.
• This tank is used for the production of aluminum. It may be associated with a plurality of other electrolysis cells, possibly identical, the different tanks being arranged one after the other, two successive electrolytic cells being adjacent at one of their longitudinal side walls. , as illustrated in Figure 2 where two successive tanks C1, C2 are shown.
• the casing 1 is of generally rectangular parallelepiped shape. It comprises a bottom 10 and transverse lateral walls 11 and longitudinal 12. The bottom 10 and the four side walls 11, 12 are covered with a refractory material 13 for insulating the box 1.
• the box 1 may be metallic, for example in steel.
• the casing 1 is open in its upper part. It is intended to receive a cryolite bath 14 in which the anode assemblies 3 are immersed.
• the confinement chamber 2 defines a closed volume above the cryolite bath 14 in which the anode assemblies 3 are moved.
• the confinement chamber 2 bears on the upper edges of the caisson 1. It comprises two transverse lateral walls 21 and two longitudinal lateral walls 22 fixed to the caisson 1.
• the side walls 21, 22 of the containment chamber 2 are offset outwards with respect to the side walls 11, 12 of the box 1 so that said side walls 21, 22 of the enclosure 2 extend around and above the side walls 11, 12 of the box 1.
• the upper edges of the box 1 and / or the lower edges of the containment chamber 2 can form a flap to mechanically connect the side walls 1 1, 12, 21, 22 of the box 1 and the chamber 2, so that the enclosure 2 defines with the caisson 1 a free volume above the cryolite bath 14.
• the containment enclosure also includes a removable cowling 23 to cover the upper opening defined by the four side walls 21, 22 of the enclosure 2.
• the cowling 23 may be composed of a panel assembly or covers extending generally in a plane, and bear on the upper edges 24 of the side walls 21, 22 of the enclosure 2.
• Each anode assembly 3 comprises at least one anode 31 and an anode structure 32. During the electrolysis reaction, the anode 31 immersed in the cryolite bath 14 is consumed. Anode assemblies 3 must therefore be replaced periodically.
• the anode 31 is of precooked type, that is to say a block of precooked carbon material before introduction into the electrolytic cell.
• the anode structure 32 allows on the one hand to support and manipulate the anode 31, and on the other hand to supply power.
• Each anode structure 32 forms an independent support for its associated anode (s) 31.
• the anode assemblies 3 extend transversely in the vessel, and the vessel comprises a plurality of anode assemblies arranged side by side along the vessel along a longitudinal axis of the vessel.
• each anode structure 32 extends transversely in the tank between the longitudinal lateral edges 22 of the enclosure 2.
• each anode structure 32 comprises a beam extending transversely between the lateral edges. longitudinal 22 of the enclosure 2.
• the anode structure 32 may comprise an armature 332 made of a metal having a good mechanical strength, such as steel, and sections 331 made of a metal having a good electrical conductivity such as copper. This reinforcement 332 allows the anode structure 32 to maintain the suspension in suspension of the anodes 31, while the sections 331 make it possible to ensure the routing of electric current for the electrical supply of the anodes 31.
• the cathode 4 is composed of one (or more) block (s) of carbonaceous material. The cathode blocks are electrically connected to cathode conductors exiting the electrolysis cell for routing electrical current to the next electrolytic cell.
• the cathode 4 may be of any type known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in more detail below.
• the gas collection device 5 makes it possible to recover the pollutant gases generated during the electrolysis reaction.
• the gas collection device 5 comprises one (or more) collection duct (s) on which (which) suction holes for the suction of gases are distributed.
• the collection (or sheaths) is (are) associated with (or more) suction device (s) (not shown). It (s) extends (ent) on the longitudinal side walls 22 of the enclosure 2, and possibly on the transverse side walls 21 of the enclosure 2. The presence of suction holes along the longitudinal walls 23 of enclosure 2 makes it possible to improve the collection efficiency of the polluting gases 5.
• each capture sheath may be of square or rectangular section, and be made of a material having a high mechanical strength, such as steel. This makes it possible to increase the rigidity and the strength of the suction duct.
• a collection sheath is thus formed which, in addition to its primary function of conveying gases, can be used in particular as a strapping belt for the assembly composed of the box 1 and the chamber 2, and as a support for fixing for different elements of the electrolysis cell such as lifting devices or piercing devices.
• the fact of associating several functions with the capture sheath thus makes it possible to limit the bulk of the tank and to achieve structural gains.
• the lifting devices 6 allow the manipulation of the anode structures 32 to which the anodes 31 are suspended. More specifically, the lifting devices 6 make it possible to move the anode units 3 vertically in translation in order to adjust the positioning of the anode plane during the operation of the tank. electrolysis.
• Each anode structure 32 is associated with two respective lifting devices on each of which rests one of its ends.
• the displacement of each anode structure 32 is independent of the displacement of the other anode structures 32 and anode assemblies contained in the tank. It is thus possible to vertically move the anode assemblies 3 independently of each other.
• Each lifting device 6 is in contact with a respective end of the structure Anodic 32.
• Two lifting devices 6 associated with anode structure 32 are connected to a controller (not shown) to control their actuation synchronously. This makes it possible to ensure simultaneous displacement of the ends of the anode structure 32 in order to keep it substantially horizontal during its displacement.
• the controller can also be programmed to control the speed and direction of movement of the anode structure 32. This makes it possible to vary the speed of displacement of the anode structure 32 according to the type of operation implemented.
• the displacement speed of the anode structure 32 may be greater than the displacement speed of the anode structure 32 in the case of an adjustment of the anodic plane during electrolysis, such an adjustment requiring fine adjustments.
• Each lifting device 6 comprises a jack 61 and an anode receiver 62.
• the jack 61 makes it possible to move the anodic receiver 62 vertically in translation along a translation axis T-T '.
• the cylinder 61 comprises a body 61 1 and a rod 612 extending along a longitudinal axis B-B '.
• the cylinder 61 may be of pneumatic or electric type to withstand the high temperatures prevailing near the tank.
• the anode receiver 62 comprises a bar 621 of rectangular section extending along a longitudinal axis coinciding with the translation axis T-T '.
• the upper end of the bar 621 comprises a housing 622 for receiving the end of the anode structure 32 and whose shape is complementary thereto.
• the housing 622 may be a U-shaped structure composed of a base 6221 extending in a plane perpendicular to the translation axis TT and two vertical panels 6222 extending perpendicularly to the base 6221, the end of the anode structure 32 being intended to be supported on the base 6221, between the vertical panels 6222.
• the lifting device may also include a fastening system.
• This fastening system makes it possible to secure the anode structure 32 to the housing 622.
• the fastening system comprises, for example, a possibly threaded rod intended to be inserted into through-holes formed in the vertical panels 6222, the bores being arranged in the vertical panels 6222 of FIGS. so that the rod extends above the anode structure 32, transversely thereto when the rod is mounted on the housing 622.
• the fastening system may include plating means for plating the structure anodic 32 against a surface of the housing 622, preferably against the base 6221 of the housing 622.
• the fastening system may comprise a bolt to be bolted through a hole and a tapping formed respectively in the anode structure 32 and in the base 6221 of the housing 622. The abutment of a bolt head against the anode structure 32 ensures its plating against the base 6221 of the housing 622.
• This fastening system makes it possible to prevent the anode structure 32 from being disengaged from the housing 622 when the anode structure 32 is moved vertically towards the bottom 10 of the box 1.
• the production of aluminum by electrolysis causes the formation of a crust solidified on the surface of the cryolite bath 14.
• the anodes 31 are fixed in this solidified crust.
• the stresses - including the friction forces - exerted by the crust on the anodes 31 may be greater than the gravity, resulting in a risk of disengagement of the anodic structure of the housing.
• a portion 6211 (for example the end closest to the bottom of the box 12, or the upper end or housing 622) of the bar is electrically connected to means of flexible electric conduction 7 to allow the electrical supply of the anode assemblies 3, via the housing 622.
• the anode receiver 62 is arranged such that the translation axis T-T is distinct (i.e. not merged) and parallel to a longitudinal axis B-B 'of the jack 6.
• Such a lifting device 6 can then be positioned at the periphery of the electrolytic cell. It thus offers the possibility of changing anode assemblies 3 by the top of the electrolytic cell without the lifting devices 6 obstructing the vertical stroke of the change of the anode assemblies 3, which makes it possible to envisage structural gains important. Furthermore, the fact of deporting the cylinder 61 relative to the anode receiver 62 makes it possible to position the cylinder 61 outside the confinement enclosure while the anode receiver 62 is inside the containment enclosure. . This reduces the risk of degradation of the cylinder 61 by limiting its exposure to gases and heat radiation.
• the jack can advantageously be housed in a free space provided between reinforcement cradles of the box 1 to reduce the size of the lifting device inside the enclosure.
• the jack 61 can be connected to the anode receiver 62 via a transverse link beam 63.
• This transverse link beam 63 preferably extends perpendicular to the rod 612 and to the bar 621.
• the beam link 63 is mounted integral with the bar 621 and the rod 612 of the cylinder 61.
• a bolting system arranged to secure the rod 612 to the transverse link beam 63 compensates for any parallelism defects between the cylinder 61 and the anode receiver 62.
• the guide means 64 make it possible to ensure the vertical displacement of the anode receiver 62 along the translation axis T-T '.
• the guide means may comprise two rings 641, 642 spaced by a non-zero distance along the translation axis T-T ', each ring partially surrounding the bar 621 to allow its vertical sliding between:
• each ring 641, 642 is slotted to allow the passage of the transverse beam 63 during sliding of the bar 621 between the retracted and deployed positions.
• the cylinder 61 is fixed to the box "head up". More specifically, the cylinder body 611 61 is mounted on the box 1 so that its free end 613 is further away from the bottom 10 of the box 1 than the rod 612. The free end 613 of the cylinder body 611 61 is preferably attached to the upper edge of the containment and advantageously on the collection sleeve of the gas collection device 5. Thus, the cylinder body 611 61 extends against the longitudinal side wall 22 of the containment chamber 2, at a height greater than that of the cryolite bath. This limits the risk of degradation of the cylinder by exposure of the body 611 to too high temperatures. Indeed, the temperature of the side walls January 1, 12 of the box 1 is generally greater than the temperature of the side walls 21, 22 of the chamber 2 due to the presence in the vicinity of the cryolite bath 14 whose operating temperature is the order of 1000 ° C.
• the operating principle of the lifting devices is as follows. Anodes 31 are assumed to be immersed in the cryolite bath.
• the controller controls the synchronized operation of the two lifting devices 6 on which the anode structure 32 of the anode assembly 3 rests.
• Each cylinder 61 applies a force on its rod 612 tending to move between:
• the movement of the rod between the released and picked up positions is transmitted to the anode receiver 62 via the transverse link beam 63.
• the anode receiver 62 of each jack slides inside the guide means 64 and moves from the retracted position to the deployed position.
• the combination of the anode assemblies with respective lifting devices makes it possible to move the anode assemblies 3 independently of one another. Furthermore, the fact of deporting the anode receiver relative to the jack allows a positioning of the lifting devices at the periphery of the electrolytic cell, without forming obstacles to the displacement of the anode assemblies above the tanks, and easily insertable to the periphery of the tank without constraints on the circuits of electrical conductors passing under and between the tanks due to their increased compactness.
• the shapes of the various parts constituting the lifting device - such as the shape of the bar or housing etc. - may vary.
• the cylinder 61, the anode receiver 62 and the anode structure 32 are aligned, that is to say they extend substantially in the same plane.
• the jack 61 may be offset from the plane containing the anode receiver 62 and the anode structure 32.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
• Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-01-27 FR FR1400172A patent/FR3016895B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2015
  • 2015-01-23 EP EP15739950.2A patent/EP3099840B1/fr active Active
  • 2015-01-23 CN CN201580006072.XA patent/CN105940146B/zh active Active
  • 2015-01-23 BR BR112016015625-0A patent/BR112016015625B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2015-01-23 CA CA2935439A patent/CA2935439C/fr active Active
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