WO2015109595A1 - 信道竞争的方法、接入点和站点 - Google Patents

信道竞争的方法、接入点和站点 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015109595A1
WO2015109595A1 PCT/CN2014/071561 CN2014071561W WO2015109595A1 WO 2015109595 A1 WO2015109595 A1 WO 2015109595A1 CN 2014071561 W CN2014071561 W CN 2014071561W WO 2015109595 A1 WO2015109595 A1 WO 2015109595A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sta
indication information
response indication
group response
group
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/071561
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
伍天宇
罗毅
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP14879783.0A priority Critical patent/EP3079433B1/en
Priority to KR1020187014904A priority patent/KR101983211B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2014/071561 priority patent/WO2015109595A1/zh
Priority to CN201480073497.8A priority patent/CN105981467B/zh
Priority to RU2016134718A priority patent/RU2652096C2/ru
Priority to KR1020167022000A priority patent/KR20160108474A/ko
Priority to JP2016546826A priority patent/JP6406767B2/ja
Publication of WO2015109595A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015109595A1/zh
Priority to US15/220,155 priority patent/US10172160B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA
    • H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA carrier sensing with collision avoidance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H04W72/121—Wireless traffic scheduling for groups of terminals or users
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications and, more particularly, to methods, access points and sites for channel contention. Background technique
  • a Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) system operates on an unlicensed spectrum, and there may be user shared spectrum on the channel. If multiple users send data at the same time, they may interfere with each other and cause conflicts. Therefore, the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism is used in the WLAN system for collision avoidance.
  • CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
  • data packets are transmitted in a CSMA/CA manner.
  • Carrier Sense (CS) means that any device connected to the medium must listen to the medium before it wants to send the frame, and can send it when it is confirmed to be idle.
  • Multiple Access (MA) means that multiple devices can access media at the same time. Frames sent by one device can also be received by multiple devices.
  • the CSMA/CA mechanism uses active collision avoidance rather than passive detection to resolve conflicts, and can satisfy those that are not easy to accurately detect whether a conflict has occurred.
  • the working mode of the CSMA is that when the device wants to send a frame and listens to the channel idle, it waits for a period of time and then waits for a random time. If the channel is still idle, the data is submitted. Since the waiting time of each device is randomly generated, the difference between the four devices may be different, thereby reducing the possibility of collision. The probability of a conflict occurring is related to the busyness of the system.
  • a hidden node problem that is, when an Access Point (AP) API sends data to a station (Station, STA), a site that does not listen to the API, such as AP2, may think The channel is idle and begins to transmit data to interfere with the receiving device STA. This issue cannot be resolved by the CSMA/CA protocol. Due to the existence of hidden node problems, the WLAN system often uses the Request to Send (RTS) / Clear to Send (CTS) protocol for transmission protection. This protocol actually makes a reservation for the channel before sending the data. When the API sends data to the STA, AP2 may also transmit to interfere with the STA's reception.
  • RTS Request to Send
  • CTS Clear to Send
  • the RTS/CTS protocol specifies that the API sends an RTS frame before transmitting data, and the STA responds to a CTS frame after receiving the RTS frame.
  • All APs or STAs that receive RTS or CTS frames set Network Allocation Vector (NAV) according to the instructions of receiving RTS or CTS.
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • NAV is a time, corresponding to The sending time required by the API. These APs or STAs cannot send data during the NAV time.
  • the API sends the RTS and receives the STA response, it obtains a transmission opportunity. During this time, the API sends data to the STA without interference from surrounding APs or STAs.
  • an AP may need to acquire a transmission opportunity for a period of time and interact with multiple STAs for data interaction. During this time, the AP may need to send data to multiple STAs, and may also receive data from multiple STAs.
  • the current RTS/CTS protocol is only suitable for protecting the data transmission of an AP and a STA.
  • the AP may send RTS to multiple STAs in turn, and each STA responds to the CTS in turn, but this requires multiple sets of RTS/CTS interactions, which greatly increases the overhead of the system and reduces the system. effectiveness. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a channel contention method, an access point, and a station, which can effectively protect data transmission between an AP and multiple STAs.
  • a method of channel competition including:
  • the access point AP sends a request to send an RTS frame, where the RTS frame carries group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame.
  • the AP determines to obtain a transmission opportunity according to the received CTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in a basic service set BSS in which the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a media access control MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in a receiver address RA field in the RTS frame.
  • the method further includes:
  • the AP associates a new STA, if the MAC address of the new STA and the group response indication information If the same, update the group response indication information, and send the updated group response indication information to the
  • the CTS frames that respond to the respective STAs of the CTS frame are the same.
  • the method before the access point AP sends a request to send an RTS frame, the method further includes: the AP is the Each STA in the BSS where the AP is located is assigned an identification sequence, where each
  • the identification sequence of the STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal
  • the method further includes:
  • the AP receives a respective identification sequence that is sent by the STA that responds to the CTS frame after responding to the CTS frame.
  • the AP performs a correlation operation with the identification sequence of the multiple STAs according to the received identification sequence to determine the STA that responds to the CTS frame.
  • a method for channel competition including:
  • the STA receives the request sent by the access point AP to send an RTS frame, where the RTS frame carries group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to allow CTS frames to be sent; the STA sends the CTS frame according to the group response indication information.
  • the AP responds to the CTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in a basic service set BSS in which the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier
  • the STA responds to the CTS frame according to the group response indication information, including:
  • the STA determines, according to the group identifier, that the STA belongs to the group, and responds to the AP with a CTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a media access control MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in a receiver address RA field in the RTS frame.
  • the method further includes:
  • the CTS frame that the STA responds to is the same as the other CTS frames that are responded according to the group response indication information.
  • the method before the station STA receives the request sent by the access point AP to send the RTS frame, the method further includes:
  • the STA obtains the identifier sequence assigned by the AP, where the identifier sequence of the STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to the identifier sequence assigned by the AP to other STAs in the BSS where the AP is located.
  • the method further includes:
  • the STA sends the STA's identification sequence to the AP, so that the AP determines the STA that responds to the CTS frame according to the received identification sequence.
  • an access point AP including:
  • a sending module configured to send a request to send an RTS frame, where the RTS frame carries group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame.
  • a receiving module configured to receive a CTS frame that is received by the STA that receives the RTS frame in the multiple STAs according to the group response indication information
  • a determining module configured to determine, according to the received CTS frame, a transmission opportunity.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in a basic service set BSS in which the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a media access control MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in a receiver address RA field in the RTS frame.
  • the AP further includes:
  • An update module configured to update the group response indication information if the MAC address of the new STA is the same as the group response indication information when the new STA is associated;
  • the sending module is further configured to send the updated group response indication information to all STAs in the BSS.
  • the CTS frames that respond to the respective STAs of the CTS frame are the same.
  • the AP further includes:
  • An allocating module configured to allocate an identification sequence to each STA in the BSS where the AP is located, where the identification sequence of each STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal;
  • the receiving module is further configured to receive a respective identification sequence that is sent by the STA that responds to the CTS frame after responding to the CTS frame;
  • the determining module is further configured to perform a correlation operation with the identifier sequence of the plurality of STAs according to the received identifier sequence to determine a STA that responds to the CTS frame.
  • a site STA including:
  • a receiving module configured to receive a request sent by the access point AP to send an RTS frame, where the RTS frame carries a group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to allow CTS frames to be sent;
  • a sending module configured to respond to the AP with a CTS frame according to the group response indication information.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in a basic service set BSS in which the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier
  • the STA also includes:
  • a determining module configured to determine, according to the group identifier, that the STA belongs to the group
  • the sending module is specifically configured to: when the determining module determines that the STA belongs to the group, respond to the AP with a CTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a media access control MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in a receiver address RA field in the RTS frame.
  • the receiving module is further configured to receive the updated group response indication sent by the AP
  • the updated group response indication information is obtained by the AP when the new STA is associated with the new STA's MAC address and the group response indication information, and the group response indication information is updated.
  • the CTS frame that the STA responds is the same as the other CTS frames that are responded according to the group response indication information.
  • the receiving module is further configured to receive the RTS frame before receiving the request sent by the access point AP An identity sequence of the AP, where the identifier sequence of the STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to the identifier sequence assigned by the AP to other STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the sending module is further configured to send the identifier sequence of the STA to the AP after responding to the CTS frame according to the group response indication information, so that the AP determines the STA that responds to the CTS frame according to the received identifier sequence.
  • the embodiment of the present invention by sending an RTS frame carrying the group response indication information, instructing multiple STAs to respond to the CTS frame, and receiving the CTS frame responded according to the group response indication information, can effectively protect with a small overhead.
  • Data transmission between the AP and multiple STAs can improve system efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is an application scenario diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method of channel contention in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an RTS frame.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for channel contention according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a STA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a STA according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a scene diagram to which an embodiment of the present invention is applicable.
  • a plurality of STAs STA 111-STA 115
  • the AP 110 and the plurality of STAs form a basic service set (BSS), where some STAs may be located at the same time.
  • BSS basic service set
  • the STA 114 is also located under the coverage of the AP 120
  • the STA 115 is also located under the coverage of the AP 130.
  • the AP 110 needs to perform data transmission with multiple STAs, for example, perform scheduling transmission on the multiple STAs, or perform downlink (DL)/uplink (UL) multi-user multiple input multiple output (Multi-User).
  • MU MIMO multiple-Input Multiple-Output
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • the method 200 includes:
  • the AP sends an RTS frame, where the RTS frame carries group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame.
  • the AP receives a CTS frame that is received by the STA that receives the RTS frame in the multiple STAs according to the group response indication information.
  • the AP determines, according to the received CTS frame, that the transmission opportunity is obtained.
  • the execution subject AP of the method 200 may be the AP 110 in FIG. 1, and in this case, the multiple STAs may be all or part of the STA 111-STA 115 in FIG. 1.
  • the AP When an AP needs to communicate with multiple STAs, the AP needs to obtain a transmission opportunity.
  • the AP sends a bearer group response indication information RTS frame, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame. That is to say, the multiple STAs are all target STAs, and all need to respond to the CTS frame.
  • the node STA or other AP
  • the node in the coverage area of the AP receives the RTS frame, and determines whether it is the target STA according to the group response indication information. That is, it is determined whether it is an STA in the plurality of STAs.
  • the NAV is set according to the RTS frame. If it is the target STA, it responds to the CTS frame. In this way, the plurality of STAs indicated by the group response indication information respond to the CTS frame to the AP according to the group response indication information after receiving the RTS frame. After the CTS frame is sent by the STA that responds to the CTS frame, when the node in the coverage area of the STA receives the CTS frame, if the node is not the AP, the NAV is set according to the CTS frame, so that the node does not The STA causes interference.
  • the AP After receiving the CTS frame replied according to the group response indication information, the AP successfully obtains a transmission opportunity, so that the multiple STAs can communicate within the transmission opportunity. Since STAs within the coverage of the same AP receive RTS frames with little difference in time, each STA responds to the CTS frame almost simultaneously. As long as the time difference between the CTS frames sent by the STAs and the APs is within the time length of the Cyclic Prefix (CP), the AP can correctly receive the CTS frames. That is to say, in the embodiment of the present invention, the AP only sends one RTS frame and only receives one CTS frame, and can establish an opportunity for data transmission with multiple STAs, thereby implementing AP and more with less overhead. Protection of data transmission between STAs. In this transmission opportunity, the AP also allows communication with STAs that do not reply to the CTS. It is only because of the lack of CTS protection that the probability of successful transmission may be reduced.
  • CP Cyclic Prefix
  • the method for channel contention in the embodiment of the present invention by sending an RTS frame carrying the group response indication information, instructing multiple STAs to respond to the CTS frame, and receiving the CTS frame according to the group response indication information, can be smaller.
  • the overhead effectively protects data transmission between the AP and multiple STAs, thereby improving system efficiency.
  • the multiple STAs are multiple data transmissions required by the AP.
  • the STA can be all STAs in the coverage of the AP or a group of STAs.
  • the AP instructs multiple STAs to respond to the CTS frame by carrying group response indication information in the RTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in the BSS where the AP is located; in this case, the group response indication information is a group identifier.
  • the AP When the AP needs to communicate with a group of STAs, the AP carries the group identifier in the sent RTS frame, indicating that the STAs in the group respond to the CTS frame.
  • STA 113, STA 114, and STA 115 belong to one group.
  • the AP 110 wants to perform data transmission with the STA of the group, the AP 110 carries the group identifier of the group in the RTS frame.
  • the STA 111 and the STA 112 that do not belong to the group when receiving the RTS frame, determine that the group does not belong to the group according to the group identifier, and therefore set the NAV; the STA 113, the STA 114, and the STA 115 belonging to the group,
  • the group identification is determined to belong to the group, thus responding to the AP 110 with a CTS frame.
  • the AP 120 within the coverage of the STA 114 can receive the CTS frame transmitted by the STA 114, thus setting the NAV so as not to interfere with the data transmission of the STA 114.
  • the AP 130 within the coverage of the STA 115 is able to receive the CTS frame transmitted by the STA 115, so the NAV is set so as not to interfere with the data transmission of the STA 115.
  • the AP and each STA pre-store the group information of the STA.
  • the AP finds that the group identifier is carried in the RTS frame according to the packet information.
  • each STA determines whether it is necessary to respond to the CTS frame according to whether the group identifier of the respective belonging packet is the same as the group identifier carried in the RTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located; in this case, the group response indication information is media access control of the AP (Media Access Control, MAC) address or predetermined value.
  • the group response indication information is media access control of the AP (Media Access Control, MAC) address or predetermined value.
  • the AP When the AP needs to communicate with all the STAs in the BSS, the AP carries the identification information of the BSS in the sent RTS frame, for example, the MAC address or the predetermined value of the AP.
  • the predetermined value may be any specific value that does not conflict with the MAC address of all STAs in the BSS. This predetermined value needs to notify all STAs in the BSS in advance.
  • the AP 110 when the AP 110 wants to perform data transmission with all STAs in the BSS, the AP 110 transmits an RTS frame, and carries the MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP 110 in the RTS frame.
  • Each STA in the STA 111-STA 115 upon receiving the RTS frame, determines that it needs to respond to the CTS frame according to the MAC address or the predetermined value, and therefore responds to the AP 110 with a CTS frame.
  • the AP 120 within the coverage of the STA 114 can receive the CTS frame sent by the STA 114, so the NAV is set, so that the data transmission of the STA 114 is not interfered.
  • the AP 130 within the coverage of the STA 115 can receive the CTS frame transmitted by the STA 115, so the NAV is set so as not to interfere with the data transmission of the STA 115.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in a Receiver Address (RA) field in the RTS frame.
  • RA Receiver Address
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frame structure of an RTS frame.
  • the RA field is defined as the receiver address.
  • the group of response indication information is carried by the RA domain in the RTS frame.
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier
  • the group identifier is carried in the RA domain, that is, the receiver address is defined as a group identifier.
  • the address in the RA domain is a multicast address
  • the AP sends
  • the RTS frame is a multicast RTS frame.
  • the STA determines whether it is the target STA according to the multicast address, and whether it responds to the CTS frame.
  • the MAC address of the AP or the predetermined value is carried in the RA domain, that is, the receiver address is defined as the MAC address of the AP or the predetermined value.
  • the address in the RA domain is a broadcast address
  • the RTS frame sent by the AP is a broadcast RTS frame.
  • the STA determines whether it is the target STA according to the broadcast address, and whether it responds to the CTS frame.
  • the group response indication information is carried in the RA domain, and the existing RTS frame is changed less, and the backward compatibility can be maintained.
  • group response indication information may also be carried in other fields in the RTS frame, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention. Regardless of which field the group response indication information is carried in, the STA may determine whether to respond to the CTS frame according to the group response indication information, and these embodiments are all covered by the scope of the present invention.
  • the method 200 further includes:
  • the AP updates the group response indication information, and sends the updated group response indication information to the AP.
  • the AP when the group response indication information uses the group identifier or the predetermined value, when a new STA is associated with the AP in the BSS, the AP needs to check whether the STA's MAC address conflicts with the currently defined group identifier or the predetermined value. If there is a conflict, the AP needs to update the group identifier or the predetermined value, and send the updated value to all STAs in the BSS. For example, the AP notifies all STA group identifiers in the BSS through broadcast frames or beacon frames. The change in the predetermined value.
  • the CTS frames that are responded to by the respective STAs of the CTS frame are the same. That is to say, the content of the CTS physical frame sent by each STA is exactly the same, and the same preamble is used and transmitted in exactly the same modulation and coding mode to ensure the correct reception of the CTS frame by the AP.
  • the AP After receiving the CTS frame that multiple STAs respond to according to the group response indication information, the AP determines to obtain the transmission opportunity, and then the AP performs data transmission with multiple STAs within the transmission opportunity.
  • the method 200 further includes:
  • the AP allocates an identifier sequence to each STA in the BSS where the AP is located, where the identifier sequence of each STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal;
  • the method 200 further includes:
  • the AP receives a respective identification sequence that is sent by the STA that responds to the CTS frame after responding to the CTS frame.
  • the AP performs a correlation operation with the identification sequence of the multiple STAs according to the received identification sequence to determine the STA that responds to the CTS frame.
  • the AP allocates an identification sequence to each STA in advance, and the identification sequence of each STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal; each STA sends its own identification sequence after responding to the CTS frame; the AP will respond to the received identification sequence and all should respond.
  • the identification sequence of the STA of the CTS frame performs a correlation operation to detect the STA that actually responds to the CTS frame.
  • the method for channel contention in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively protect the data transmission between the AP and the multiple STAs with less overhead by indicating that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame in the RTS frame, thereby improving system efficiency.
  • the method for channel contention in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above from the perspective of the AP.
  • the method for channel contention in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail from the perspective of the STA.
  • the method 400 includes:
  • the STA receives an RTS frame sent by the AP, where the RTS frame carries group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame.
  • the STA responds to the AP with a CTS frame according to the group response indication information.
  • the executor STA of the method 400 may be the STA in the STA 111-STA 115 in FIG. 1, and correspondingly, the AP may be the AP 110 in FIG.
  • the AP When an AP needs to communicate with multiple STAs, the AP needs to obtain a transmission opportunity.
  • the AP sends a bearer group response indication information RTS frame, and the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame. That is to say, the multiple STAs are target STAs, and all need to respond to CTS frames.
  • each STA of the multiple STAs responds to the CTS frame according to the group response indication information after receiving the RTS frame.
  • the node within the STA coverage is receiving In the CTS frame, if the node is not the AP, the NAV is set according to the CTS frame, so that the node does not cause interference to the STA.
  • each STA responds to the CTS frame almost simultaneously. As long as the time difference between the CTS frames sent by the STAs and the APs is within the length of the CP, the AP can correctly receive the CTS frames. After receiving the CTS frame that multiple STAs respond to according to the group response indication information, the AP successfully obtains a transmission opportunity, so that the multiple STAs can communicate with each other within the transmission opportunity. In this transmission opportunity, the AP also allows communication with STAs that do not reply to the CTS. It is only because of the lack of protection of CTS that the probability of successful transmission may be reduced.
  • the method for channel contention in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively protect the AP with a small overhead by receiving an RTS frame that carries the group response indication information sent by the AP, and responds to the CTS frame according to the group response indication information. Data transfer between multiple STAs can improve system efficiency.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier.
  • the STA responds to the CTS frame according to the group response indication information, including:
  • the STA determines, according to the group identifier, that the STA belongs to the group, and responds to the AP with a CTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located; the group response indication information is a MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in the RTS frame.
  • the group identifier is carried in the RA domain, that is, the receiver address is defined as a group identifier.
  • the address in the RA domain is a multicast address
  • the RTS frame sent by the AP is a multicast RTS frame.
  • the STA determines itself as the target STA according to the multicast address, and responds to the CTS frame.
  • the MAC address of the AP or the predetermined value is carried in the RA domain, that is, the receiver address is defined as the MAC address of the AP or the predetermined value.
  • the address in the RA domain is a broadcast address
  • the RTS frame sent by the AP is a broadcast RTS frame.
  • the STA determines itself as the target STA according to the broadcast address, thereby responding to the CTS frame.
  • the group response indication information is carried in the RA domain, and the existing RTS frame is changed little, and the protection can be guaranteed. Backward compatibility.
  • the method 400 further includes:
  • the updated group response indication information is updated by the AP when the new STA is associated with the new STA, and the MAC address of the new STA is the same as the group response indication information.
  • the group gets the response message.
  • the AP when the group response indication information uses the group identifier or the predetermined value, when a new STA is associated with the AP in the BSS, the AP needs to check whether the MAC address of the new STA conflicts with the currently defined group identifier or the predetermined value. If there is a conflict, the AP needs to update the group ID or the predetermined value and send the updated value to all STAs in the BSS.
  • the CTS frame that the STA responds is the same as the other CTS frames that are responded according to the group response indication information. That is to say, the content of the CTS physical frame sent by each STA is completely the same, and the same preamble is used and transmitted in exactly the same modulation and coding mode to ensure the correct reception of the CTS frame by the AP.
  • the method 400 before the STA receives the RTS frame sent by the AP, the method 400 further includes:
  • the STA obtains the identifier sequence assigned by the AP, where the identifier sequence of the STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to the identifier sequence assigned by the AP to other STAs in the BSS where the AP is located.
  • the method 400 further includes:
  • the STA sends the STA's identification sequence to the AP, so that the AP determines the STA that responds to the CTS frame according to the received identification sequence.
  • the AP allocates an identification sequence to each STA in advance, and the identification sequence of each STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal; each STA sends its own identification sequence after responding to the CTS frame; the AP will respond to the received identification sequence and all should respond.
  • the identification sequence of the STA of the CTS frame performs a correlation operation to detect the STA that actually responds to the CTS frame.
  • the method for channel contention in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively protect the data transmission between the AP and multiple STAs with a small overhead by receiving an RTS frame that is sent by the AP and indicating that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame. System efficiency.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be taken to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation. The method of channel contention according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, and an AP and an STA according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 5 to FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of an AP 500 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the AP 500 includes:
  • the sending module 510 is configured to send an RTS frame, where the RTS frame carries group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame.
  • the receiving module 520 is configured to receive a CTS frame that is received by the STA that receives the RTS frame in the multiple STAs according to the group response indication information;
  • the determining module 530 is configured to determine, according to the received CTS frame, a transmission opportunity.
  • the AP in the embodiment of the present invention by sending an RTS frame carrying the group response indication information, instructing multiple STAs to respond to the CTS frame, and receiving the CTS frame that responds according to the group response indication information, can effectively protect the AP and the AP with less overhead. Data transfer between multiple STAs can improve system efficiency.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is the MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in the RTS frame.
  • the group response indication information is carried in the RA domain, and the existing RTS frame is changed less, and the backward compatibility can be maintained.
  • the AP 500 further includes:
  • an update module configured to: when the new STA is associated, if the MAC address of the new STA is the same as the group response indication information, update the group response indication information;
  • the sending module 510 is further configured to send the updated group response indication information to all STAs in the BSS.
  • the CTS frames that are responded to by the respective STAs of the CTS frame are the same.
  • the AP 500 further includes:
  • An allocation module configured to allocate an identification sequence to each STA in the BSS where the AP is located, where The identification sequence of each STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal;
  • the receiving module 520 is further configured to receive a respective identification sequence that is sent by the STA that responds to the CTS frame after responding to the CTS frame.
  • the determining module 530 is further configured to perform a correlation operation with the identifier sequence of the multiple STAs according to the received identifier sequence to determine a STA that responds to the CTS frame.
  • the AP 500 may correspond to an AP (e.g., AP 100 in FIG. 1) in a method of channel contention according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the above and other operations and/or operations of respective modules in the AP 500
  • the functions are respectively implemented in order to implement the corresponding processes of the respective methods in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, and are not described herein again.
  • the AP in the embodiment of the present invention can effectively protect the data transmission between the AP and the multiple STAs with less overhead by indicating that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame in the RTS frame, thereby improving system efficiency.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of a STA 600 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the STA 600 includes:
  • the receiving module 610 is configured to receive an RTS frame sent by the AP, where the RTS frame carries group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame.
  • the sending module 620 is configured to respond to the AP with a CTS frame according to the group response indication information.
  • the STA of the embodiment of the present invention can receive the RTS frame that carries the group response indication information sent by the AP, and responds to the CTS frame according to the group response indication information, so as to effectively protect the AP and the multiple STAs with less overhead. Data transfer, which can improve system efficiency.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in the BSS where the AP is located; the group response indication information is a group identifier.
  • the STA 600 also includes:
  • a determining module configured to determine, according to the group identifier, that the STA belongs to the group
  • the sending module 620 is specifically configured to: when the determining module determines that the STA belongs to the group,
  • the AP responds to the CTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is the MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in the RTS frame.
  • the group response indication information is carried in the RA domain, and the existing RTS frame is modified to be small, and backward compatibility can be maintained.
  • the receiving module 610 is further configured to receive the updated group response indication information sent by the AP, where the updated group response indication information is used by the AP when the new STA is associated with the When the MAC address of the new STA is the same as the group response indication information, the group response indication information is updated.
  • the CTS frame that the STA responds is the same as the other CTS frames that are responded according to the group response indication information.
  • the receiving module 610 is further configured to: before receiving the RTS frame sent by the AP, receive the identifier sequence that is allocated by the AP, where the identifier sequence of the STA and the AP are where the AP is located.
  • the identification sequences assigned by other STAs in the BSS are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal;
  • the sending module 620 is further configured to: after the CTS frame is sent to the AP according to the group response indication information, send the identifier sequence of the STA to the AP, so that the AP determines the STA that responds to the CTS frame according to the received identifier sequence.
  • STAs in the method e.g., STAs in STA 111-STA 115 in Figure 1
  • the above and other operations and/or functions of the various modules in STA 600 are respectively implemented to implement the respective methods of Figures 1 through 4 The process, for the sake of cleanliness, will not be repeated here.
  • the STA of the embodiment of the present invention can effectively protect the data transmission between the AP and the multiple STAs with less overhead by receiving the RTS frame sent by the AP and indicating that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame, thereby improving system efficiency.
  • FIG. 7 shows a structure of an AP according to still another embodiment of the present invention, including at least one processor 702 (eg, CPU), transmitter 704 and receiver 705, or other communication interface, memory 706, and at least one communication bus. 703, used to implement connection communication between these components.
  • processor 702 eg, CPU
  • transmitter 704 and receiver 705, or other communication interface e.g., RAM
  • Processor 702 is operative to execute executable modules, such as computer programs, stored in memory 706.
  • the memory 706 may include a high speed random access memory (RAM: Random Access Memory), and may also include a non-volatile memory such as at least one disk memory. Communication with at least one other network element is accomplished by transmitter 704 and receiver 705.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • memory 706 stores program 7061 and processor 702 executes program 7061.
  • the transmitter 704 is configured to send an RTS frame, where the RTS frame carries group response indication information, and the group is back
  • the indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame
  • the receiver 705 is configured to receive a CTS frame that is received by the STA that receives the RTS frame in the multiple STAs according to the group response indication information;
  • the processor 702 is configured to determine to obtain a transmission opportunity according to the received CTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is the MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the set of response indication information 7 is carried in the RA field in the RTS frame.
  • the processor 702 is further configured to: when the new STA is associated, if the MAC address of the new STA is the same as the group response indication information, update the group response indication information;
  • the transmitter 704 is further configured to send the updated group response indication information to all STAs in the BSS.
  • the CTS frames of each STA response in response to the CTS frame are the same.
  • the processor 702 is further configured to allocate, for each STA in the BSS where the AP is located, an identification sequence, where the identification sequence of each STA is orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal;
  • the receiver 705 is further configured to receive a sequence of respective targets sent by the STAs that respond to the CTS frame after responding to the CTS frame;
  • the processor 702 is further configured to perform a correlation operation with the identifier sequence of the multiple STAs according to the received identifier sequence to determine a STA that responds to the CTS frame.
  • the embodiment of the present invention sends an RTS frame carrying the group response indication information, instructs multiple STAs to respond to the CTS frame, and receives a CTS frame that is responded according to the group response indication information.
  • the data transmission between the AP and the plurality of STAs can be effectively protected with a small overhead, thereby improving system efficiency.
  • FIG. 8 shows a structure of a STA according to still another embodiment of the present invention, including at least one processor 802 (for example, a CPU), a transmitter 804 and a receiver 805, or other communication interfaces, a memory 806, and at least one communication bus. 803, used to implement connection communication between these components.
  • the processor 802 is configured to execute executable modules, such as computer programs, stored in the memory 806.
  • the memory 806 may include a high speed random access memory (RAM: Random Access Memory), and may also include a non-volatile memory such as at least one disk memory. Communication with at least one other network element is implemented by transmitter 804 and receiver 805 Pick up.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • memory 806 stores program 8061 and processor 802 executes program 8061.
  • the receiver 805 is configured to receive an RTS frame sent by the AP, where the RTS frame carries a group response indication information, where the group response indication information is used to indicate that multiple STAs respond to the CTS frame.
  • the transmitter 804 is configured to respond to the AP with a CTS frame through the network interface according to the group of response indication information.
  • the multiple STAs belong to a group in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is a group identifier
  • the processor 802 is configured to determine, according to the group identifier, that the STA belongs to the group;
  • the transmitter 804 is specifically configured to: when the processor 802 determines that the STA belongs to the group, respond to the AP with a CTS frame.
  • the multiple STAs are all STAs in the BSS where the AP is located;
  • the group response indication information is the MAC address or a predetermined value of the AP.
  • the group of response indication information is carried in the RA domain in the RTS frame.
  • the receiver 805 is further configured to receive the updated group response indication information sent by the AP, where the updated group response indication information is used by the AP when the new STA is associated with the MAC address of the new STA and the group.
  • the group response instruction information is updated.
  • the CTS frame that the STA responds is the same as other CTS frames that respond according to the group response indication information.
  • the receiver 805 is further configured to: before receiving the RTS frame sent by the AP, receive an identifier sequence that is allocated by the AP, where the identifier sequence of the STA and the AP are identifiers assigned to other STAs in the BSS where the AP is located. Sequence orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal;
  • the transmitter 804 is further configured to send the identifier sequence of the STA to the AP after responding to the CTS frame according to the group response indication information, so that the AP determines the STA that responds to the CTS frame according to the received identifier sequence.
  • the RTS frame that carries the group response indication information sent by the AP is received by the AP, and the CTS frame is responded to the AP according to the group response indication information, which can be smaller.
  • the overhead effectively protects data transmission between the AP and multiple STAs, thereby improving system efficiency.
  • the term "and/or” is merely a description of an associated object.
  • the relationship indicates that there can be three relationships.
  • a and / or B can mean: There are three cases where A exists separately, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists separately.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual object is an "or" relationship.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, or an electrical, mechanical or other form of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • a computer readable storage medium including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the present invention. All or part of the steps of the method described in the various embodiments are invented.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

Abstract

本发明公开了一种信道竞争的方法、接入点和站点。该方法包括：AP发送RTS帧，该RTS帧携带组回应指示信息，该组回应指示信息用于指示多个STA回应CTS帧；该AP接收该多个STA中收到该RTS帧的STA根据该组回应指示信息回应的CTS帧；该AP根据接收到的CTS帧，确定获得传输机会。本发明实施例的信道竞争的方法、接入点和站点，能够以较小的开销有效地保护AP和多个STA之间的数据传输，从而能够提高系统效率。

Description

信道竟争的方法、 接入点和站点 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域， 并且更具体地， 涉及信道竟争的方法、 接入点和 站点。 背景技术
无线局域网（ Wireless Local Area Networks, WLAN )系统工作在非授权 频谱上， 在信道上可能存在用户共享频谱。 如果多个用户同时发送数据， 可 能相互干扰， 造成沖突。 因此在 WLAN系统中采用载波侦听多路访问 /沖突 避免 ( Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance, CSMA/CA )机 制进行沖突避免。 现有的 WLAN系统中， 数据包采用 CSMA/CA的方式竟 争发送。 载波侦听（Carrier Sense, CS )指任何连接到介质的设备在欲发送 帧前， 必须对介质进行侦听， 当确认其空闲时， 才可以发送。 多路访问 ( Multiple Access , MA )指多个设备可以同时访问介质， 一个设备发送的帧 也可以被多个设备接收。 CSMA/CA机制采用主动避免碰撞而非被动侦测的 方式来解决沖突问题， 可以满足那些不易准确侦测是否有沖突发生的需求。 CSMA的工作方式是， 设备欲发送帧， 且侦听到信道空闲时， 维持一段时间 后， 再等待一段随机的时间， 若信道依然空闲， 才提交数据。 由于各个设备 的等待时间是分别随机产生的， 因此 4艮大可能有所区别， 由此可以减少沖突 的可能性。 沖突发生的概率， 和系统的繁忙程度相关。 在 WLAN系统中， 存在一种隐藏节点问题， 即当一个接入点 （Access Point, AP ) API给站点 ( Station, STA )发送数据时， 一个侦听不到 API的站点， 如 AP2, 可能认 为信道空闲并开始发送数据从而干扰接收设备 STA。 这个问题无法由 CSMA/CA协议解决。 由于隐藏节点问题的存在， WLAN系统中常常采用请 求发送（ Request to send, RTS ) /允许发送（ Clear to send, CTS )协议来进 行传输保护。 这种协议实际上就是在发送数据前先对信道进行预约。 API给 STA发送数据时， AP2也可能进行发送从而干扰 STA的接收。 RTS/CTS协 议规定 API在发送数据前先发送 RTS帧， STA收到 RTS帧后回应一个 CTS 帧。所有收到 RTS或 CTS帧的 AP或 STA根据收到 RTS或 CTS的指示设置 网络分配矢量（Network Allocation Vector, NAV ), NAV是一个时间， 对应 API需要的发送时间。 在 NAV时间内这些 AP或 STA不能发送数据。 API 发送 RTS并收到 STA回应后，获得一个发送机会，在这段时间内 API给 STA 发送数据不会受到周围 AP或 STA的干扰。
在有些情况下， AP可能需要获取一段时间的传输机会和多个 STA进行 数据交互。 在这段时间内 AP可能需要向多个 STA发送数据， 还可能从多个 STA接收数据。
目前的 RTS/CTS协议仅仅适用于对 AP和一个 STA的数据传输进行保 护。 为了保护 AP到多个 STA之间的传输， AP可以依次向多个 STA分别发 送 RTS, 各个 STA依次回应 CTS, 但这需要多组 RTS/CTS交互， 大大增加 了系统的额外开销， 降低了系统效率。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种信道竟争的方法、接入点和站点， 能够有效地 保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输。
第一方面， 提供了一种信道竟争的方法， 包括：
接入点 AP发送请求发送 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回应指示信息， 该 组回应指示信息用于指示多个站点 STA回应允许发送 CTS帧；
该 AP接收该多个 STA中收到该 RTS帧的 STA根据该组回应指示信息 回应的 CTS帧；
该 AP根据接收到的 CTS帧， 确定获得传输机会。
结合第一方面， 在第一种可能的实现方式中， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所 在的基本服务集 BSS中的一个组；
该组回应指示信息为组标识。
结合第一方面或第一方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能 的实现方式中， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
该组回应指示信息为该 AP的媒体接入控制 MAC地址或者预定值。 结合第一方面或第一方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能 的实现方式中，该组回应指示信息承载在该 RTS帧中的接收机地址 RA域中。
结合第一方面或第一方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能 的实现方式中， 该方法还包括：
该 AP在关联新 STA时，若该新 STA的 MAC地址与该组回应指示信息 相同， 则更新该组回应指示信息， 并将更新后的组回应指示信息发送给该
BSS中的所有 STA。
结合第一方面或第一方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能 的实现方式中， 回应 CTS帧的各个 STA回应的 CTS帧相同。
结合第一方面或第一方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能 的实现方式中， 在该接入点 AP发送请求发送 RTS帧之前， 该方法还包括： 该 AP为该 AP所在的 BSS中的每个 STA分配标识序列， 其中， 各个
STA的标识序列正交或准正交；
在该 AP接收该多个 STA中收到该 RTS帧的 STA根据该组回应指示信 息回应的 CTS帧之后， 该方法还包括：
该 AP接收回应 CTS帧的 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送的各自的标识序列； 该 AP根据接收到的标识序列与该多个 STA的标识序列进行相关运算， 确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
第二方面， 提供了一种信道竟争的方法， 包括：
站点 STA接收接入点 AP发送的请求发送 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回 应指示信息， 该组回应指示信息用于指示多个 STA回应允许发送 CTS帧； 该 STA根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧。
结合第二方面， 在第一种可能的实现方式中， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所 在的基本服务集 BSS中的一个组；
该组回应指示信息为组标识；
该 STA根据该组回应指示信息回应 CTS帧， 包括：
该 STA根据该组标识， 确定该 STA属于该组， 向该 AP回应 CTS帧。 结合第二方面或第二方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能 的实现方式中， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
该组回应指示信息为该 AP的媒体接入控制 MAC地址或者预定值。 结合第二方面或第二方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能 的实现方式中，该组回应指示信息承载在该 RTS帧中的接收机地址 RA域中。
结合第二方面或第二方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能 的实现方式中， 该方法还包括：
接收该 AP发送的更新后的组回应指示信息， 该更新后的组回应指示信 息由该 AP在关联新 STA时，在该新 STA的 MAC地址与该组回应指示信息 相同的情况下， 更新该组回应指示信息后得到。
结合第二方面或第二方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能 的实现方式中， 该 STA回应的 CTS帧与其他根据该组回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧相同。
结合第二方面或第二方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能 的实现方式中， 在该站点 STA接收接入点 AP发送的请求发送 RTS帧之前， 该方法还包括：
该 STA获取该 AP分配的标识序列， 其中， 该 STA的标识序列与该 AP 为该 AP所在的 BSS中的其他 STA分配的标识序列正交或准正交；
在该 STA根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧之后， 该方法还 包括：
该 STA向该 AP发送该 STA的标识序列，以便于该 AP根据接收到的标 识序列确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
第三方面， 提供了一种接入点 AP, 包括：
发送模块， 用于发送请求发送 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回应指示信息， 该组回应指示信息用于指示多个站点 STA回应允许发送 CTS帧；
接收模块， 用于接收该多个 STA中收到该 RTS帧的 STA根据该组回应 指示信息回应的 CTS帧；
确定模块， 用于根据接收到的 CTS帧， 确定获得传输机会。
结合第三方面， 在第一种可能的实现方式中， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所 在的基本服务集 BSS中的一个组；
该组回应指示信息为组标识。
结合第三方面或第三方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能 的实现方式中， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
该组回应指示信息为该 AP的媒体接入控制 MAC地址或者预定值。 结合第三方面或第三方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能 的实现方式中，该组回应指示信息承载在该 RTS帧中的接收机地址 RA域中。
结合第三方面或第三方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能 的实现方式中， 该 AP还包括：
更新模块， 用于在关联新 STA时， 若该新 STA的 MAC地址与该组回 应指示信息相同， 则更新该组回应指示信息； 该发送模块还用于将更新后的组回应指示信息发送给该 BSS 中的所有 STA。
结合第三方面或第三方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能 的实现方式中， 回应 CTS帧的各个 STA回应的 CTS帧相同。
结合第三方面或第三方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能 的实现方式中， 该 AP还包括：
分配模块， 用于为该 AP所在的 BSS中的每个 STA分配标识序列， 其 中， 各个 STA的标识序列正交或准正交；
该接收模块还用于接收回应 CTS帧的 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送的各自 的标识序列；
该确定模块还用于根据接收到的标识序列与该多个 STA 的标识序列进 行相关运算， 确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
第四方面， 提供了一种站点 STA, 包括：
接收模块， 用于接收接入点 AP发送的请求发送 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携 带组回应指示信息，该组回应指示信息用于指示多个 STA回应允许发送 CTS 帧；
发送模块， 用于根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧。
结合第四方面， 在第一种可能的实现方式中， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所 在的基本服务集 BSS中的一个组；
该组回应指示信息为组标识；
该 STA还包括：
确定模块， 用于根据该组标识， 确定该 STA属于该组；
该发送模块具体用于在该确定模块确定该 STA属于该组时，向该 AP回 应 CTS帧。
结合第四方面或第四方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能 的实现方式中， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
该组回应指示信息为该 AP的媒体接入控制 MAC地址或者预定值。 结合第四方面或第四方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能 的实现方式中，该组回应指示信息承载在该 RTS帧中的接收机地址 RA域中。
结合第四方面或第四方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能 的实现方式中， 该接收模块还用于接收该 AP发送的更新后的组回应指示信 息， 该更新后的组回应指示信息由该 AP在关联新 STA时， 在该新 STA的 MAC 地址与该组回应指示信息相同的情况下， 更新该组回应指示信息后得 到。
结合第四方面或第四方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能 的实现方式中， 该 STA回应的 CTS帧与其他根据该组回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧相同。
结合第四方面或第四方面的上述任一种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能 的实现方式中，该接收模块还用于在接收接入点 AP发送的请求发送 RTS帧 之前， 接收该 AP分配的标识序列， 其中， 该 STA的标识序列与该 AP为该 AP所在的 BSS中的其他 STA分配的标识序列正交或准正交；
该发送模块还用于在根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧之后， 向该 AP发送该 STA的标识序列， 以便于该 AP根据接收到的标识序列确定 回应 CTS帧的 STA。
基于上述技术方案，本发明实施例通过发送携带组回应指示信息的 RTS 帧， 指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧， 并接收根据该组回应指示信息回应的 CTS 帧， 能够以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输， 从而能 够提高系统效率。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案， 下面将对本发明实施例中 所需要使用的附图作筒单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本 发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动的 前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1是本发明实施例的一个应用场景图。
图 2是根据本发明一个实施例的信道竟争的方法的示意性流程图。
图 3是 RTS帧的帧结构示意图。
图 4是根据本发明另一实施例的信道竟争的方法的示意性流程图。
图 5是根据本发明实施例的 AP的示意性框图。
图 6是根据本发明实施例的 STA的示意性框图。
图 7是根据本发明实施例的 AP的结构示意图。
图 8是根据本发明实施例的 STA的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例， 而不 是全部实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创 造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都应属于本发明保护的范围。
图 1是可应用本发明实施例的一个场景图。如图 1所示，多个 STA( STA 111-STA 115 )位于 AP 110的覆盖范围下， AP 110和多个 STA组成一个基本 服务集（Basic Service Set, BSS ), 其中， 有些 STA可能同时位于其他 AP 的覆盖范围下， 例如， STA 114还位于 AP 120的覆盖范围下， STA 115还位 于 AP 130的覆盖范围下。在 AP 110需要与多个 STA进行数据传输时，例如， 对该多个 STA进行调度传输，或者，进行下行（ downlink, DL )/上行（ uplink, UL ) 多用户多输入多输出 （Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple- Output, MU MIMO )传输， 或者， 进行正交频分多址 ( Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDMA )传输， AP 110需要一个传输机会保护 AP 110到 多个 STA之间的传输。
图 2示出了根据本发明实施例的信道竟争的方法 200的示意性流程图。 如图 2所示， 该方法 200包括：
S210, AP发送 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回应指示信息， 该组回应指示 信息用于指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧；
S220, 该 AP接收该多个 STA中收到该 RTS帧的 STA根据该组回应指 示信息回应的 CTS帧；
S230, 该 AP根据接收到的 CTS帧， 确定获得传输机会。
在本发明实施例中，该方法 200的执行主体 AP可以是图 1中的 AP 110, 在这种情况下，该多个 STA可以是图 1中的 STA 111-STA 115中的全部或部 分。
在 AP需要与多个 STA进行通信时， AP需要获得一个传输机会。 在本 发明实施例中， AP发送一个携带组回应指示信息 RTS帧， 该组回应指示信 息用于指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧。 也就是说， 该多个 STA都是目标 STA, 都需要回应 CTS帧。 AP发送该 RTS帧后， AP覆盖范围内的节点 （STA或 其它 AP )收到该 RTS帧时， 根据该组回应指示信息判断是否为目标 STA, 即判断是否为该多个 STA中的 STA。 若不是目标 STA, 则根据该 RTS帧设 置 NAV。 若是目标 STA, 则回应 CTS帧。 这样， 该组回应指示信息指示的 多个 STA在收到该 RTS帧后都按照该组回应指示信息向 AP回应 CTS帧。 每一个回应 CTS帧的 STA发出 CTS帧后，该 STA覆盖范围内的节点在收到 该 CTS帧时， 若该节点不是该 AP, 则根据该 CTS帧设置 NAV, 这样， 该 节点不会对该 STA造成干扰。该 AP收到根据该组回应指示信息回应的 CTS 帧后， 成功获得传输机会， 从而可以在该传输机会内与该多个 STA进行通 信。 由于同一 AP覆盖范围内的 STA收到 RTS帧的时间相差不大， 因此， 各个 STA几乎是同时回应 CTS帧。只要各个 STA发送的 CTS帧到达 AP的 时间差在循环前缀（Cyclic Prefix, CP )的时间长度范围内， AP就可以正确 接收 CTS帧。 也就是说， 在本发明实施例中， AP只发送一个 RTS帧， 也只 接收一个 CTS帧， 就能建立与多个 STA进行数据传输的机会， 从而以较小 的开销实现了对 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输的保护。 在该传输机会中， AP也允许与没有回复 CTS的 STA进行通信。 只是由于缺少 CTS的保护， 其传输成功的概率可能降低。
因此， 本发明实施例的信道竟争的方法， 通过发送携带组回应指示信息 的 RTS帧， 指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧， 并接收根据该组回应指示信息回应 的 CTS帧， 能够以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输， 从而能够提高系统效率。
在本发明实施例中， 该多个 STA为 AP需要与之进行数据传输的多个
STA, 可以为 AP覆盖范围内的所有 STA, 也可以为一组 STA。 AP通过在 RTS帧内携带组回应指示信息， 指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧。
可选地， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所在的 BSS 中的一个组； 在这种情况下， 该组回应指示信息为组标识。
在 AP需要与一组 STA进行通信时， AP在发送的 RTS帧中携带组标识， 指示该组内的 STA回应 CTS帧。
例如， 图 1中， STA 113、 STA 114和 STA 115属于一个组。 AP 110 想 要与该组的 STA进行数据传输时， AP 110在 RTS帧中携带该组的组标识。 这样， 不属于该组的 STA 111和 STA 112, 在收到该 RTS帧时， 根据该组标 识确定不属于该组， 因此设置 NAV; 属于该组的 STA 113、 STA 114和 STA 115, ^据该组标识确定属于该组， 因此向 AP 110回应 CTS帧。 不在 AP 110 的覆盖范围内， 而在 STA 114的覆盖范围内的 AP 120能够收到 STA 114发 送的 CTS帧， 因此设置 NAV, 从而不会对 STA 114的数据传输造成干扰。 同样地， 不在 AP 110的覆盖范围内， 而在 STA 115的覆盖范围内的 AP 130 能够收到 STA 115发送的 CTS帧， 因此设置 NAV, 从而不会对 STA 115的 数据传输造成干扰。
在本实施例中， AP和各个 STA都预先存有 STA的分组信息。 AP根据 分组信息找到组标识携带在 RTS帧中； 各个 STA在收到 RTS帧时， 根据各 自所属的分组的组标识与 RTS帧携带的组标识是否相同，确定是否需要回应 CTS帧。
可选地， 在本发明的另一个实施例中， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS 中的所有 STA; 在这种情况下， 该组回应指示信息为该 AP的媒体接入控制 ( Media Access Control, MAC )地址或者预定值。
在 AP需要与本 BSS中的所有 STA进行通信时， AP在发送的 RTS帧中 携带本 BSS的标识信息， 例如， 可以是该 AP的 MAC地址或者预定值。 在 采用预定值时， 该预定值可以是任意不和 BSS内所有 STA的 MAC地址沖 突的特定值。 该预定值需要预先通知 BSS内的所有 STA。
例如， 图 1中， AP 110想要与本 BSS中的所有 STA进行数据传输时， AP 110发送 RTS帧，在 RTS帧中携带 AP 110的 MAC地址或者预定值。 STA 111-STA 115中的每个 STA在收到该 RTS帧时， 根据该 MAC地址或者该预 定值，确定需要回应 CTS帧，因此向 AP 110回应 CTS帧。这样，不在 AP 110 的覆盖范围内， 而在 STA 114的覆盖范围内的 AP 120能够收到 STA 114发 送的 CTS帧， 因此设置 NAV, 从而不会对 STA 114的数据传输造成干扰。 同样地， 不在 AP 110的覆盖范围内， 而在 STA 115的覆盖范围内的 AP 130 能够收到 STA 115发送的 CTS帧， 因此设置 NAV, 从而不会对 STA 115的 数据传输造成干扰。
在本发明实施例中，可选地，该组回应指示信息承载在该 RTS帧中的接 收机地址 ( Receiver Address, RA )域中。
图 3为 RTS帧的帧结构示意图。 RA域的定义为接收机地址。 在本实施 例中， 利用 RTS帧中的 RA域携带该组回应指示信息。
在该组回应指示信息为组标识时， 在该 RA域中 7 载该组标识， 即定义 接收机地址为组标识。 在这种情况下， RA域中的地址为多播地址， AP发送 的 RTS帧为多播 RTS帧。 STA根据该多播地址确定自己是否为目标 STA, 是否回应 CTS帧。
在该组回应指示信息为 AP的 MAC地址或者预定值时， 在该 RA域中 承载该 AP的 MAC地址或者该预定值， 即定义接收机地址为该 AP的 MAC 地址或者该预定值。 在这种情况下， RA域中的地址为广播地址， AP发送的 RTS帧为广播 RTS帧。 STA根据该广播地址确定自己是否为目标 STA, 是 否回应 CTS帧。
将组回应指示信息承载在 RA域中，对现有的 RTS帧改动较小， 能够保 持后向兼容性。
应理解，组回应指示信息也可以承载在 RTS帧中的其他字段中，本发明 实施例对此并不限定。 不管组回应指示信息承载在哪个字段中， STA都可以 根据组回应指示信息确定是否回应 CTS 帧， 这些实施方式都应涵盖在本发 明的保护范围之内。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该方法 200还包括：
该 AP在关联新 STA时，若该新 STA的 MAC地址与该组回应指示信息 相同， 则更新该组回应指示信息， 并将更新后的组回应指示信息发送给该
BSS中的所有 STA。
例如， 在该组回应指示信息采用组标识或预定值的情况下， 当 BSS 内 有一个新 STA关联到 AP时， AP需要检查该 STA的 MAC地址是否与当前 定义的组标识或预定值沖突。 如果存在沖突情况， 则 AP需要更新组标识或 预定值， 并将更新后的值发送给 BSS中的所有 STA, 例如， AP通过广播帧 或信标（ Beacon ) 帧通知 BSS内所有 STA组标识或预定值的改变。
在本发明实施例中， 回应 CTS帧的各个 STA回应的 CTS帧相同。 也就 是说， 各个 STA发送的 CTS物理帧的内容完全相同， 使用完全相同的前导 ( preamble )并采用完全相同的调制编码方式发送， 以保证 AP对 CTS帧的 正确接收。
AP接收多个 STA根据组回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧后，确定获得传输 机会， 然后， AP在该传输机会内与多个 STA进行数据传输。
在所有应该回应 CTS帧的 STA中， 可能会有 STA没有接收到 AP发送 的 RTS帧。 在这种情况下， 实际回应 CTS帧的 STA会少于所有应该回应 CTS帧的 STA。 可选地， AP还可以进一步识别哪些 STA回应了 CTS帧。 可选地， 在本发明实施例中， 在 AP发送 RTS帧之前， 该方法 200还包 括：
该 AP为该 AP所在的 BSS中的每个 STA分配标识序列， 其中， 各个 STA的标识序列正交或准正交；
在该 AP接收该多个 STA中收到该 RTS帧的 STA根据该组回应指示信 息回应的 CTS帧之后， 该方法 200还包括：
该 AP接收回应 CTS帧的 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送的各自的标识序列； 该 AP根据接收到的标识序列与该多个 STA的标识序列进行相关运算， 确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
也就是说， AP预先为每个 STA分配标识序列， 各个 STA的标识序列正 交或准正交； 各 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送各自的标识序列； AP将接收到的 标识序列与所有应该回应 CTS帧的 STA的标识序列进行相关运算， 检测出 实际回应 CTS帧的 STA。
本发明实施例的信道竟争的方法， 通过在 RTS帧中指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧， 能够以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输，从 而能够提高系统效率。
以上从 AP的角度详细描述了本发明实施例的信道竟争的方法， 下面将 从 STA的角度详细描述本发明实施例的信道竟争的方法。
图 4示出了根据本发明另一实施例的信道竟争的方法 400的示意性流程 图。 如图 4所示， 该方法 400包括：
S410, STA接收 AP发送的 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回应指示信息， 该组回应指示信息用于指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧；
S420, 该 STA根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧。
在本发明实施例中， 该方法 400的执行主体 STA可以是图 1 中的 STA 111-STA 115中的 STA, 相应地， 该 AP可以是图 1中的 AP 110。
在 AP需要与多个 STA进行通信时， AP需要获得一个传输机会。 在本 发明实施例中， AP发送一个携带组回应指示信息 RTS帧， 该组回应指示信 息用于指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧。 也就是说， 该多个 STA都是目标 STA, 都需要回应 CTS帧。
AP发送该 RTS帧后， 该多个 STA中的每个 STA在收到该 RTS帧后根 据该组回应指示信息向 AP回应 CTS帧。 该 STA覆盖范围内的节点在收到 该 CTS帧时， 若该节点不是该 AP, 则根据该 CTS帧设置 NAV, 这样， 该 节点不会对该 STA造成干扰。
由于同一 AP覆盖范围内的 STA收到 RTS帧的时间相差不大， 因此， 各个 STA几乎是同时回应 CTS帧。只要各个 STA发送的 CTS帧到达 AP的 时间差在 CP的时间长度范围内， AP就可以正确接收 CTS帧。 该 AP收到 多个 STA根据该组回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧后， 成功获得传输机会， 从 而可以在该传输机会内与该多个 STA进行通信。 在该传输机会中， AP也允 许与没有回复 CTS的 STA进行通信。 只是由于缺少 CTS的保护， 其传输成 功的概率可能降低。
因此， 本发明实施例的信道竟争的方法， 通过接收 AP发送的携带组回 应指示信息的 RTS帧， 并根据该组回应指示信息向 AP回应 CTS帧， 能够 以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输，从而能够提高系 统效率。
可选地， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所在的 BSS 中的一个组； 该组回应指示信息为组标识。 在这种情况下， 该 STA根据该 组回应指示信息回应 CTS帧， 包括：
该 STA根据该组标识， 确定该 STA属于该组， 向该 AP回应 CTS帧。 可选地， 在本发明的另一个实施例中， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS 中的所有 STA; 该组回应指示信息为该 AP的 MAC地址或者预定值。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该组回应指示信息^载在该 RTS 帧中的
RA域中。
在该组回应指示信息为组标识时， 在该 RA域中 7 载该组标识， 即定义 接收机地址为组标识。 在这种情况下， RA域中的地址为多播地址， AP发送 的 RTS帧为多播 RTS帧。 该 STA根据该多播地址确定自己为目标 STA, 从 而回应 CTS帧。
在该组回应指示信息为 AP的 MAC地址或者预定值时， 在该 RA域中 承载该 AP的 MAC地址或者该预定值， 即定义接收机地址为该 AP的 MAC 地址或者该预定值。 在这种情况下， RA域中的地址为广播地址， AP发送的 RTS帧为广播 RTS帧。 该 STA根据该广播地址确定自己为目标 STA, 从而 回应 CTS帧。
将组回应指示信息承载在 RA域中，对现有的 RTS帧改动较小， 能够保 持后向兼容性。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该方法 400还包括：
接收该 AP发送的更新后的组回应指示信息， 该更新后的组回应指示信 息由该 AP在关联新 STA时，在该新 STA的 MAC地址与该组回应指示信息 相同的情况下， 更新该组回应指示信息后得到。
例如， 在该组回应指示信息采用组标识或预定值的情况下， 当 BSS 内 有一个新 STA关联到 AP时， AP需要检查新 STA的 MAC地址是否与当前 定义的组标识或预定值沖突。 如果存在沖突情况， 则 AP需要更新组标识或 预定值， 并将更新后的值发送给 BSS中的所有 STA。
在本发明实施例中， 该 STA回应的 CTS帧与其他根据该组回应指示信 息回应的 CTS帧相同。 也就是说， 各个 STA发送的 CTS物理帧的内容完全 相同，使用完全相同的 preamble并采用完全相同的调制编码方式发送， 以保 证 AP对 CTS帧的正确接收。
可选地， 在本发明实施例中， 在该 STA接收 AP发送的 RTS帧之前， 该方法 400还包括：
该 STA获取该 AP分配的标识序列， 其中， 该 STA的标识序列与该 AP 为该 AP所在的 BSS中的其他 STA分配的标识序列正交或准正交；
在该 STA根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧之后，该方法 400 还包括：
该 STA向该 AP发送该 STA的标识序列，以便于该 AP根据接收到的标 识序列确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
具体而言， AP预先为每个 STA分配标识序列， 各个 STA的标识序列正 交或准正交； 各 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送各自的标识序列； AP将接收到的 标识序列与所有应该回应 CTS帧的 STA的标识序列进行相关运算， 检测出 实际回应 CTS帧的 STA。
本发明实施例的信道竟争的方法，通过接收 AP发送的指示多个 STA回 应 CTS帧的 RTS帧， 能够以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的 数据传输， 从而能够提高系统效率。
应理解， 在本发明的各种实施例中， 上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味 着执行顺序的先后， 各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定， 而不应 对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。 上文中结合图 1至图 4, 详细描述了根据本发明实施例的信道竟争的方 法， 下面将结合图 5至图 8, 描述根据本发明实施例的 AP和 STA。
图 5示出了根据本发明实施例的 AP 500的示意性框图。 如图 5所示， 该 AP 500包括：
发送模块 510, 用于发送 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回应指示信息， 该组 回应指示信息用于指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧；
接收模块 520, 用于接收该多个 STA中收到该 RTS帧的 STA根据该组 回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧；
确定模块 530, 用于根据接收到的 CTS帧， 确定获得传输机会。
本发明实施例的 AP, 通过发送携带组回应指示信息的 RTS帧， 指示多 个 STA回应 CTS帧， 并接收根据该组回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧， 能够以 较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输，从而能够提高系统 效率。
可选地， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所在的 BSS 中的一个组；
该组回应指示信息为组标识。
可选地， 在本发明的另一个实施例中， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS 中的所有 STA;
该组回应指示信息为该 AP的 MAC地址或者预定值。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该组回应指示信息^载在该 RTS 帧中的
RA域中。
将组回应指示信息承载在 RA域中，对现有的 RTS帧改动较小， 能够保 持后向兼容性。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该 AP 500还包括：
更新模块， 用于在关联新 STA时， 若该新 STA的 MAC地址与该组回 应指示信息相同， 则更新该组回应指示信息；
该发送模块 510还用于将更新后的组回应指示信息发送给该 BSS中的所 有 STA。
在本发明实施例中， 回应 CTS帧的各个 STA回应的 CTS帧相同。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该 AP 500还包括：
分配模块， 用于为该 AP所在的 BSS中的每个 STA分配标识序列， 其 中， 各个 STA的标识序列正交或准正交；
该接收模块 520还用于接收回应 CTS帧的 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送的 各自的标识序列；
该确定模块 530还用于根据接收到的标识序列与该多个 STA的标识序 列进行相关运算， 确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
根据本发明实施例的 AP 500可对应于根据本发明实施例的信道竟争的 方法中的 AP (例如图 1中的 AP 100 ) , 并且 AP 500中的各个模块的上述和 其它操作和 /或功能分别为了实现图 1至图 4中的各个方法的相应流程，为了 筒洁， 在此不再赘述。
本发明实施例的 AP, 通过在 RTS帧中指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧， 能 够以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输，从而能够提高 系统效率。
图 6示出了根据本发明实施例的 STA 600的示意性框图。 如图 6所示， 该 STA 600包括：
接收模块 610, 用于接收 AP发送的 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回应指示 信息， 该组回应指示信息用于指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧；
发送模块 620, 用于根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧。
本发明实施例的 STA, 通过接收 AP发送的携带组回应指示信息的 RTS 帧， 并根据该组回应指示信息向 AP回应 CTS帧， 能够以较小的开销有效地 保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输， 从而能够提高系统效率。
可选地， 在本发明的一个实施例中， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所在的 BSS 中的一个组； 该组回应指示信息为组标识。
该 STA 600还包括：
确定模块， 用于根据该组标识， 确定该 STA属于该组；
该发送模块 620具体用于在该确定模块确定该 STA属于该组时， 向该
AP回应 CTS帧。
可选地， 在本发明的另一个实施例中， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS 中的所有 STA;
该组回应指示信息为该 AP的 MAC地址或者预定值。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该组回应指示信息^载在该 RTS 帧中的
RA域中。 将组回应指示信息承载在 RA域中，对现有的 RTS帧改动较小， 能够保 持后向兼容性。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该接收模块 610还用于接收该 AP发送的 更新后的组回应指示信息， 该更新后的组回应指示信息由该 AP在关联新 STA时， 在该新 STA的 MAC地址与该组回应指示信息相同的情况下， 更新 该组回应指示信息后得到。
在本发明实施例中， 该 STA回应的 CTS帧与其他根据该组回应指示信 息回应的 CTS帧相同。
在本发明实施例中， 可选地， 该接收模块 610还用于在接收 AP发送的 RTS帧之前， 接收该 AP分配的标识序列， 其中， 该 STA的标识序列与该 AP为该 AP所在的 BSS中的其他 STA分配的标识序列正交或准正交；
该发送模块 620还用于在根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧之 后， 向该 AP发送该 STA的标识序列， 以便于该 AP根据接收到的标识序列 确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。 方法中的 STA (例如图 1中的 STA 111-STA 115中的 STA ), 并且 STA 600 中的各个模块的上述和其它操作和 /或功能分别为了实现图 1至图 4中的各个 方法的相应流程， 为了筒洁， 在此不再赘述。
本发明实施例的 STA, 通过接收 AP发送的指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧 的 RTS帧， 能够以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输， 从而能够提高系统效率。
图 7示出了本发明的又一实施例提供的 AP的结构， 包括至少一个处理 器 702 (例如 CPU ), 发射机 704和接收机 705, 或者其他通信接口， 存储器 706, 和至少一个通信总线 703, 用于实现这些部件之间的连接通信。 处理器 702用于执行存储器 706中存储的可执行模块，例如计算机程序。存储器 706 可能包含高速随机存取存储器（RAM: Random Access Memory ), 也可能还 包括非不稳定的存储器（ non-volatile memory ), 例如至少一个磁盘存储器。 通过发射机 704和接收机 705实现与至少一个其他网元之间的通信。
在一些实施方式中，存储器 706存储了程序 7061 ,处理器 702执行程序 7061。
发射机 704用于发送 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回应指示信息， 该组回 应指示信息用于指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧；
接收机 705用于接收该多个 STA中收到该 RTS帧的 STA根据该组回应 指示信息回应的 CTS帧；
处理器 702用于根据接收到的 CTS帧， 确定获得传输机会。
可选地， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所在的 BSS中的一个组；
该组回应指示信息为组标识。
可选地， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
该组回应指示信息为该 AP的 MAC地址或者预定值。
可选地， 该组回应指示信息 7 载在该 RTS帧中的 RA域中。
可选地， 处理器 702还用于在关联新 STA时， 若该新 STA的 MAC地 址与该组回应指示信息相同， 则更新该组回应指示信息；
发射机 704还用于将更新后的组回应指示信息发送给该 BSS 中的所有 STA。
可选地， 回应 CTS帧的各个 STA回应的 CTS帧相同。
可选地， 处理器 702还用于为该 AP所在的 BSS中的每个 STA分配标 识序列， 其中， 各个 STA的标识序列正交或准正交；
接收机 705还用于接收回应 CTS帧的 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送的各自 的标只序列；
处理器 702还用于根据接收到的标识序列与该多个 STA的标识序列进 行相关运算， 确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
从本发明实施例提供的以上技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例通过发送 携带组回应指示信息的 RTS帧， 指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧， 并接收根据该 组回应指示信息回应的 CTS 帧， 能够以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传输， 从而能够提高系统效率。
图 8示出了本发明的又一实施例提供的 STA的结构， 包括至少一个处 理器 802 (例如 CPU ), 发射机 804和接收机 805 , 或者其他通信接口， 存储 器 806, 和至少一个通信总线 803, 用于实现这些部件之间的连接通信。 处 理器 802用于执行存储器 806中存储的可执行模块， 例如计算机程序。 存储 器 806可能包含高速随机存取存储器（RAM: Random Access Memory ), 也 可能还包括非不稳定的存储器（ non-volatile memory ), 例如至少一个磁盘存 储器。通过发射机 804和接收机 805实现与至少一个其他网元之间的通信连 接。
在一些实施方式中，存储器 806存储了程序 8061 ,处理器 802执行程序 8061。
接收机 805用于接收 AP发送的 RTS帧， 该 RTS帧携带组回应指示信 息， 该组回应指示信息用于指示多个 STA回应 CTS帧；
发射机 804用于根据该组回应指示信息通过网络接口向该 AP回应 CTS 帧。
可选地， 该多个 STA属于该 AP所在的 BSS中的一个组；
该组回应指示信息为组标识；
处理器 802用于 ^据该组标识， 确定该 STA属于该组；
发射机 804具体用于在处理器 802确定该 STA属于该组时，向该 AP回 应 CTS帧。
可选地， 该多个 STA为该 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
该组回应指示信息为该 AP的 MAC地址或者预定值。
可选地， 该组回应指示信息^载在该 RTS帧中的 RA域中。
可选地，接收机 805还用于接收该 AP发送的更新后的组回应指示信息， 该更新后的组回应指示信息由该 AP在关联新 STA时， 在该新 STA的 MAC 地址与该组回应指示信息相同的情况下， 更新该组回应指示信息后得到。
可选地，该 STA回应的 CTS帧与其他根据该组回应指示信息回应的 CTS 帧相同。
可选地， 接收机 805还用于在接收 AP发送的 RTS帧之前， 接收该 AP 分配的标识序列， 其中， 该 STA的标识序列与该 AP为该 AP所在的 BSS中 的其他 STA分配的标识序列正交或准正交；
发射机 804还用于在根据该组回应指示信息向该 AP回应 CTS帧之后， 向该 AP发送该 STA的标识序列， 以便于该 AP根据接收到的标识序列确定 回应 CTS帧的 STA。
从本发明实施例提供的以上技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例通过接收 AP发送的携带组回应指示信息的 RTS帧， 并根据该组回应指示信息向 AP 回应 CTS帧， 能够以较小的开销有效地保护 AP和多个 STA之间的数据传 输， 从而能够提高系统效率。
应理解， 在本发明实施例中， 术语 "和 /或"仅仅是一种描述关联对象的 关联关系， 表示可以存在三种关系。 例如， A和 /或 B, 可以表示： 单独存在 A, 同时存在 A和 B, 单独存在 B这三种情况。 另外， 本文中字符 "/" , 一 般表示前后关联对象是一种 "或" 的关系。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到， 结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各 示例的单元及算法步骤， 能够以电子硬件、 计算机软件或者二者的结合来实 现， 为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性， 在上述说明中已经按照功能一 般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执 行， 取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。 专业技术人员可以对每个 特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超 出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到， 为了描述的方便和筒洁， 上述 描述的系统、 装置和单元的具体工作过程， 可以参考前述方法实施例中的对 应过程， 在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中， 应该理解到， 所揭露的系统、 装置和 方法， 可以通过其它的方式实现。 例如， 以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示 意性的， 例如， 所述单元的划分， 仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分， 实际实现时可 以有另外的划分方式， 例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个 系统， 或一些特征可以忽略， 或不执行。 另外， 所显示或讨论的相互之间的 耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或 通信连接， 也可以是电的， 机械的或其它的形式连接。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作 为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元， 即可以位于一个地方， 或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或 者全部单元来实现本发明实施例方案的目的。
另外， 在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元 中， 也可以是各个单元单独物理存在， 也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在 一个单元中。 上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现， 也可以采用软件 功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销 售或使用时， 可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。 基于这样的理解， 本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分， 或者该技术方 案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在 一个存储介质中， 包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备（可以是个人计算 机， 服务器， 或者网络设备等）执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部 分步骤。 而前述的存储介质包括： U盘、 移动硬盘、 只读存储器（ROM, Read-Only Memory )、 随机存取存储器 ( RAM, Random Access Memory )、 磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不局限 于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内， 可轻易 想到各种等效的修改或替换， 这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围 之内。 因此， 本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种信道竟争的方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
接入点 AP发送请求发送 RTS帧， 所述 RTS帧携带组回应指示信息， 所述组回应指示信息用于指示多个站点 STA回应允许发送 CTS帧；
所述 AP接收所述多个 STA中收到所述 RTS帧的 STA根据所述组回应 指示信息回应的 CTS帧；
所述 AP根据接收到的 CTS帧， 确定获得传输机会。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于，
所述多个 STA属于所述 AP所在的基本服务集 BSS中的一个组； 所述组回应指示信息为组标识。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于，
所述多个 STA为所述 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
所述组回应指示信息为所述 AP的媒体接入控制 MAC地址或者预定值。
4. 根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述组回 应指示信息承载在所述 RTS帧中的接收机地址 RA域中。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法还包括： 所述 AP在关联新 STA时，若所述新 STA的 MAC地址与所述组回应指 示信息相同， 则更新所述组回应指示信息， 并将更新后的组回应指示信息发 送给所述 BSS中的所有 STA。
6. 根据权利要求 1至 5中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 回应 CTS 帧的各个 STA回应的 CTS帧相同。
7. 根据权利要求 1至 6中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在所述接 入点 AP发送请求发送 RTS帧之前， 所述方法还包括：
所述 AP为所述 AP所在的 BSS中的每个 STA分配标识序列， 其中， 各 个 STA的标识序列正交或准正交；
在所述 AP接收所述多个 STA中收到所述 RTS帧的 STA根据所述组回 应指示信息回应的 CTS帧之后， 所述方法还包括：
所述 AP接收回应 CTS帧的 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送的各自的标识序 歹' J ;
所述 AP根据接收到的标识序列与所述多个 STA的标识序列进行相关运 算， 确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
8. 一种信道竟争的方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
站点 STA接收接入点 AP发送的请求发送 RTS帧， 所述 RTS帧携带组 回应指示信息， 所述组回应指示信息用于指示多个 STA回应允许发送 CTS 帧；
所述 STA ^据所述组回应指示信息向所述 AP回应 CTS帧。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的方法， 其特征在于，
所述多个 STA属于所述 AP所在的基本服务集 BSS中的一个组； 所述组回应指示信息为组标识；
所述 STA根据所述组回应指示信息回应 CTS帧， 包括：
所述 STA根据所述组标识， 确定所述 STA属于所述组， 向所述 AP回 应 CTS帧。
10. 根据权利要求 8所述的方法， 其特征在于，
所述多个 STA为所述 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
所述组回应指示信息为所述 AP的媒体接入控制 MAC地址或者预定值。
11. 根据权利要求 8至 10中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述组 回应指示信息承载在所述 RTS帧中的接收机地址 RA域中。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法还包括： 接收所述 AP发送的更新后的组回应指示信息， 所述更新后的组回应指 示信息由所述 AP在关联新 STA时，在所述新 STA的 MAC地址与所述组回 应指示信息相同的情况下， 更新所述组回应指示信息后得到。
13. 根据权利要求 8至 12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述 STA 回应的 CTS帧与其他根据所述组回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧相同。
14. 根据权利要求 8至 13中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在所述 站点 STA接收接入点 AP发送的请求发送 RTS帧之前， 所述方法还包括： 所述 STA获取所述 AP分配的标识序列， 其中， 所述 STA的标识序列 与所述 AP为所述 AP所在的 BSS中的其他 STA分配的标识序列正交或准正 交；
在所述 STA根据所述组回应指示信息向所述 AP回应 CTS帧之后， 所 述方法还包括： 收到的标识序列确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
15. 一种接入点 AP, 其特征在于， 包括：
发送模块， 用于发送请求发送 RTS帧， 所述 RTS帧携带组回应指示信 息， 所述组回应指示信息用于指示多个站点 STA回应允许发送 CTS帧； 接收模块， 用于接收所述多个 STA中收到所述 RTS帧的 STA根据所述 组回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧；
确定模块， 用于根据接收到的 CTS帧， 确定获得传输机会。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的 AP, 其特征在于，
所述多个 STA属于所述 AP所在的基本服务集 BSS中的一个组； 所述组回应指示信息为组标识。
17. 根据权利要求 15所述的 AP, 其特征在于，
所述多个 STA为所述 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
所述组回应指示信息为所述 AP的媒体接入控制 MAC地址或者预定值。
18. 根据权利要求 15至 17中任一项所述的 AP, 其特征在于， 所述组 回应指示信息承载在所述 RTS帧中的接收机地址 RA域中。
19. 根据权利要求 18所述的 AP, 其特征在于， 所述 AP还包括： 更新模块， 用于在关联新 STA时， 若所述新 STA的 MAC地址与所述 组回应指示信息相同， 则更新所述组回应指示信息；
所述发送模块还用于将更新后的组回应指示信息发送给所述 BSS 中的 所有 STA。
20.根据权利要求 15至 19中任一项所述的 AP,其特征在于，回应 CTS 帧的各个 STA回应的 CTS帧相同。
21. 根据权利要求 15至 20中任一项所述的 AP, 其特征在于， 所述 AP 还包括：
分配模块， 用于为所述 AP所在的 BSS中的每个 STA分配标识序列， 其中， 各个 STA的标识序列正交或准正交；
所述接收模块还用于接收回应 CTS帧的 STA在回应 CTS帧后发送的各 自的标识序列；
所述确定模块还用于根据接收到的标识序列与所述多个 STA 的标识序 列进行相关运算， 确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
22. 一种站点 STA, 其特征在于， 包括：
接收模块， 用于接收接入点 AP发送的请求发送 RTS帧， 所述 RTS帧 携带组回应指示信息， 所述组回应指示信息用于指示多个 STA 回应允许发 送 CTS帧；
发送模块， 用于根据所述组回应指示信息向所述 AP回应 CTS帧。
23. 根据权利要求 22所述的 STA, 其特征在于，
所述多个 STA属于所述 AP所在的基本服务集 BSS中的一个组； 所述组回应指示信息为组标识；
所述 STA还包括：
确定模块， 用于根据所述组标识， 确定所述 STA属于所述组； 所述发送模块具体用于在所述确定模块确定所述 STA属于所述组时， 向所述 AP回应 CTS帧。
24. 根据权利要求 22所述的 STA, 其特征在于，
所述多个 STA为所述 AP所在的 BSS中的所有 STA;
所述组回应指示信息为所述 AP的媒体接入控制 MAC地址或者预定值。
25. 根据权利要求 22至 24中任一项所述的 STA, 其特征在于， 所述组 回应指示信息承载在所述 RTS帧中的接收机地址 RA域中。
26. 根据权利要求 25所述的 STA, 其特征在于，
所述接收模块还用于接收所述 AP发送的更新后的组回应指示信息， 所 述更新后的组回应指示信息由所述 AP在关联新 STA时， 在所述新 STA的 MAC 地址与所述组回应指示信息相同的情况下， 更新所述组回应指示信息 后得到。
27. 根据权利要求 22至 26 中任一项所述的 STA, 其特征在于， 所述 STA回应的 CTS帧与其他根据所述组回应指示信息回应的 CTS帧相同。
28. 根据权利要求 22至 27中任一项所述的 STA, 其特征在于， 所述接收模块还用于在接收接入点 AP发送的请求发送 RTS帧之前，接 收所述 AP分配的标识序列， 其中， 所述 STA的标识序列与所述 AP为所述 AP所在的 BSS中的其他 STA分配的标识序列正交或准正交；
所述发送模块还用于在根据所述组回应指示信息向所述 AP回应 CTS帧 之后， 向所述 AP发送所述 STA的标识序列， 以便于所述 AP根据接收到的 标识序列确定回应 CTS帧的 STA。
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