WO2015101685A1 - Improved abacus - Google Patents

Improved abacus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015101685A1
WO2015101685A1 PCT/ES2014/070823 ES2014070823W WO2015101685A1 WO 2015101685 A1 WO2015101685 A1 WO 2015101685A1 ES 2014070823 W ES2014070823 W ES 2014070823W WO 2015101685 A1 WO2015101685 A1 WO 2015101685A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
constituted
balls
axes
numbered
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PCT/ES2014/070823
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Maria Nieves Cueva Alvarez
Original Assignee
Maria Nieves Cueva Alvarez
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Application filed by Maria Nieves Cueva Alvarez filed Critical Maria Nieves Cueva Alvarez
Publication of WO2015101685A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015101685A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F11/00—Game accessories of general use, e.g. score counters, boxes
    • A63F11/0051—Indicators of values, e.g. score counters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06C—DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN WHICH ALL THE COMPUTATION IS EFFECTED MECHANICALLY
    • G06C1/00—Computing aids in which the computing members form at least part of the displayed result and are manipulated directly by hand, e.g. abacuses or pocket adding devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63F—CARD, BOARD, OR ROULETTE GAMES; INDOOR GAMES USING SMALL MOVING PLAYING BODIES; VIDEO GAMES; GAMES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A63F11/00—Game accessories of general use, e.g. score counters, boxes
    • A63F11/0051—Indicators of values, e.g. score counters
    • A63F2011/0069—Abacus

Definitions

  • This invention has its application within the industry dedicated to teaching aids and particularly to manufacturers of games and articles of wood and metal.
  • Abacus is a calculation instrument that uses beads that slide along a series of metal or wood wires or bars fixed to a frame to represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands units, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousand, etc.
  • the present specification refers to a request by an improved Abaco of those constituted from a stable frame and a series of axes that cross various combinations of balls and dodecahedrons, and the one that the invention proposes incorporates a plurality of novel features in relation to to other elements used within the sector, more specifically, the improved abacus is formed by a support framework consisting of two trapezoids of much greater height than the base, facing each other and joined by at least five axes), where each Axis has a different arrangement of balls and dodecahedrons, specifically distributed as follows from the bottom to the top:
  • the first axis considered the axis of the units, is constituted by a horizontal axis that crosses ten balls, the first five on the left of different color than the following
  • the second axis, axis of the tens is constituted by a horizontal axis from which ten vertical axes that cross ten balls, five of one color and five of another.
  • the third axis, axis of the hundreds constituted by a horizontal axis that crosses ten regular dodecahedrons, being the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron numbered.
  • the ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron are numbered from 0 to 10, the second face from 1 1 to 20 and so on until the last one from 91 to 100.
  • the fourth axis, axis of the thousand units is constituted by a horizontal axis from which ten short horizontal axes hang and from each of these ten vertical axes and each of these axes crosses ten balls, five of one color and five of another.
  • the fifth axis the axis of tens of thousands, consists of a horizontal axis that crosses ten regular dodecahedrons, the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron being numbered.
  • the first of the ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron is numbered with the number 100, the second with the 200, the third with the 300 and so on until reaching the last numbered with a number 1 .000.
  • the even numbering faces are one color and the odd ones of another color.
  • FIGURE N e 1 Schematic view of the object of the invention abacus
  • the present specification refers to a request by an improved Abacus of those constituted from a stable frame and a series of axes that cross various combinations of balls and dodecahedrons, and in a preferred embodiment of the invention the abacus is formed by a support frame (1) consisting of two trapezoids of height much greater than the base, facing each other and joined by at least five axes (2), where each axis has a different arrangement of balls (8) and dodecahedrons (9) , specifically distributed as follows from the bottom to the top: .- axis of the units (3), consisting of a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten balls (8), the first five on the left of different color than the following
  • .- axis of the tens (4) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) from which hang ten vertical axes (1 1) that cross ten balls (8), five of one color and five of another.
  • .- axis of the hundreds (5) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten regular dodecahedrons (9), the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron being numbered.
  • the ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron are numbered from 0 to 10, the second face from 1 to 20 and so on until the last from 91 to 100.
  • .- axis of the thousand units (6) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) from which hang ten short horizontal axes (12) and from each of these ten vertical axes (1 1) and each of these axes crosses ten balls (8), five of one color and five of another.
  • .- axis of the tens of thousand (7) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten regular dodecahedra (9), the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron being numbered.
  • the first of the ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron is numbered with the number 100, the second with the 200, the third with the 300 and so on until reaching the last numbered with a number 1 .000.
  • the even numbering faces are one color and the odd ones of another color.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns an improved abacus of the type consisting of a stable frame and a series of rods passing through various combinations of spheres and dodecahedra and is characterized in that the abacus is formed by a support frame (1) consisting of two trapezia of a height much greater than the base, disposed opposite one another and connected by at least five rods (2), each rod having a different arrangement of spheres (8) and dodecahedra (9).

Description

ABACO MEJORADO  IMPROVED ABACO
DESCRIPCIÓN  DESCRIPTION
OBJETO DE LA INVENCION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente memoria descriptiva se refiere a una solicitud por un Abaco mejorado de los constituidos a partir de un armazón estable y un serie de ejes que atraviesan diversas combinaciones de bolas y dodecaedros CAMPO DE LA INVENCION The present specification refers to a request by an improved Abaco of those constituted from a stable frame and a series of axes that cross various combinations of balls and dodecahedrons FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Esta invención tiene su aplicación dentro de la industria dedicada a los dispositivos de ayuda a la enseñanza y particularmente a los fabricantes de juegos y artículos de madera y metal. This invention has its application within the industry dedicated to teaching aids and particularly to manufacturers of games and articles of wood and metal.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El ábaco es un instrumento de cálculo que utiliza cuentas que se deslizan a lo largo de una serie de alambres o barras de metal o madera fijadas a un marco para representar las unidades, decenas, centenas, unidades de millar, decenas de millar, centenas de millar, etcétera. Abacus is a calculation instrument that uses beads that slide along a series of metal or wood wires or bars fixed to a frame to represent units, tens, hundreds, thousands units, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousand, etc.
Fue inventado en Asia menor, y es considerado el precursor de la calculadora digital moderna. Utilizado por mercaderes en la Edad Media a través de toda Europa y el mundo árabe, fue reemplazado en forma gradual por la aritmética basada en los números indo- árabes. Aunque poco usado en Europa después del siglo XVIII, todavía se emplea en Medio Oriente, Rusia, China, Japón y Corea. It was invented in Asia minor, and is considered the forerunner of the modern digital calculator. Used by merchants in the Middle Ages throughout Europe and the Arab world, it was gradually replaced by arithmetic based on Indo-Arab numbers. Although little used in Europe after the 18th century, it is still used in the Middle East, Russia, China, Japan and Korea.
Existen multitud de disposiciones de ábacos pero por parte del solicitante se desconoce la existencia en la actualidad de una invención que esté dotada de las características que se describen en esta memoria, en cuanto a la disposición de las bolas con su distribución de colores y sobre todo la distribución de ejes con diez cadenas de 10 bolas cada una colgando. DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION. There are many provisions of abacus, but the existence of an invention that is endowed with the characteristics described herein is unknown by the applicant, as regards the arrangement of the balls with their color distribution and, above all, the distribution of axes with ten chains of 10 balls each hanging. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente memoria descriptiva se refiere a una solicitud por un Abaco mejorado de los constituidos a partir de un armazón estable y una serie de ejes que atraviesan diversas combinaciones de bolas y dodecaedros, y el que la invención propone incorpora una pluralidad de características novedosas en relación a otros elementos utilizados dentro del sector, de forma más concreta, el ábaco mejorado se encuentra formado por un armazón de sustentación constituido por dos trapecios de altura mucho mayor que la base, enfrentados entre si y unidos por al menos cinco ejes), donde cada eje presenta una disposición de bolas y dodecaedros diferente, distribuidos específicamente de la siguiente forma desde abajo hacia la parte superior: The present specification refers to a request by an improved Abaco of those constituted from a stable frame and a series of axes that cross various combinations of balls and dodecahedrons, and the one that the invention proposes incorporates a plurality of novel features in relation to to other elements used within the sector, more specifically, the improved abacus is formed by a support framework consisting of two trapezoids of much greater height than the base, facing each other and joined by at least five axes), where each Axis has a different arrangement of balls and dodecahedrons, specifically distributed as follows from the bottom to the top:
El primer eje, considerado el eje de las unidades, está constituido por un eje horizontal que atraviesa diez bolas, las cinco primeras de la izquierda de diferente color que las siguientes The first axis, considered the axis of the units, is constituted by a horizontal axis that crosses ten balls, the first five on the left of different color than the following
El segundo eje, eje de las decenas, está constituido por un eje horizontal del que cuelgan diez ejes verticales que atraviesan diez bolas, cinco de un color y cinco de otro. El tercer eje, eje de las centenas constituido por un eje horizontal que atraviesa diez dodecaedros regulares, estando las diez caras visibles de cada dodecaedro numeradas. Las diez caras visibles del primer dodecaedro se encuentran numeradas del 0 al 10, la segunda cara del 1 1 al 20 y así sucesivamente hasta la última del 91 al 100. El cuarto eje, eje de las unidades de millar está constituido por un eje horizontal del que cuelgan diez cortos ejes horizontales y de cada uno de estos diez ejes verticales y cada uno de estos ejes atraviesa diez bolas, cinco de un color y cinco de otro. The second axis, axis of the tens, is constituted by a horizontal axis from which ten vertical axes that cross ten balls, five of one color and five of another. The third axis, axis of the hundreds constituted by a horizontal axis that crosses ten regular dodecahedrons, being the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron numbered. The ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron are numbered from 0 to 10, the second face from 1 1 to 20 and so on until the last one from 91 to 100. The fourth axis, axis of the thousand units is constituted by a horizontal axis from which ten short horizontal axes hang and from each of these ten vertical axes and each of these axes crosses ten balls, five of one color and five of another.
El quinto eje, eje de las decenas de millar está constituido por un eje horizontal que atraviesa diez dodecaedros regulares, estando las diez caras visibles de cada dodecaedro numeradas. La primera de las diez caras visibles del primer dodecaedro se encuentra numerada con el número 100, la segunda con el 200, la tercera con el 300 y así sucesivamente hasta llegar a la última numerada con un número 1 .000. Las caras de numeración par son de un color y las impares de otro color. The fifth axis, the axis of tens of thousands, consists of a horizontal axis that crosses ten regular dodecahedrons, the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron being numbered. The first of the ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron is numbered with the number 100, the second with the 200, the third with the 300 and so on until reaching the last numbered with a number 1 .000. The even numbering faces are one color and the odd ones of another color.
DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS. Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma una hoja de planos, en las que con idénticas referencias se indican idénticos elementos y donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS. To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a sheet of drawings is attached as an integral part thereof, in which with identical references They indicate identical elements and where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
FIGURA Ne 1 .- Vista esquemática del ábaco objeto de la invención FIGURE N e 1 .- Schematic view of the object of the invention abacus
(1 )-- Armazón de sustentación (1) - Support frame
(2).- ejes horizontales  (2) .- horizontal axes
(3).- eje de las unidades  (3) .- axis of the units
(4).- eje de las decenas  (4) .- axis of the tens
(5) . - eje de las centenas  (5) . - hundreds axis
(6).- eje de las unidades de millar  (6) .- axis of the thousand units
(7).- eje de las decenas de millar  (7) .- axis of the tens of thousand
(8).- bolas  (8) .- balls
(9).- dodecaedros  (9) .- dodecahedrons
(10) .- Unidades múltiples  (10) .- Multiple units
(1 1 ) - ejes verticales  (1 1) - vertical axes
(12) - ejes horizontales cortos  (12) - short horizontal axes
REALIZACION PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCION. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION.
La presente memoria descriptiva se refiere a una solicitud por un Abaco mejorado de los constituidos a partir de un armazón estable y una serie de ejes que atraviesan diversas combinaciones de bolas y dodecaedros, y en una realización preferente de la invención el ábaco se encuentra formado por un armazón de sustentación (1 ) constituido por dos trapecios de altura mucho mayor que la base, enfrentados entre si y unidos por al menos cinco ejes (2), donde cada eje presenta una disposición de bolas (8) y dodecaedros (9) diferente, distribuidos específicamente de la siguiente forma desde abajo hacia la parte superior: .- eje de las unidades (3), constituido por un eje horizontal (2) que atraviesa diez bolas (8), las cinco primeras de la izquierda de diferente color que las siguientes The present specification refers to a request by an improved Abacus of those constituted from a stable frame and a series of axes that cross various combinations of balls and dodecahedrons, and in a preferred embodiment of the invention the abacus is formed by a support frame (1) consisting of two trapezoids of height much greater than the base, facing each other and joined by at least five axes (2), where each axis has a different arrangement of balls (8) and dodecahedrons (9) , specifically distributed as follows from the bottom to the top: .- axis of the units (3), consisting of a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten balls (8), the first five on the left of different color than the following
.- eje de las decenas (4), constituido por un eje horizontal (2) del que cuelgan diez ejes verticales (1 1 ) que atraviesan diez bolas (8), cinco de un color y cinco de otro. .- axis of the tens (4), constituted by a horizontal axis (2) from which hang ten vertical axes (1 1) that cross ten balls (8), five of one color and five of another.
.- eje de las centenas (5) constituido por un eje horizontal (2) que atraviesa diez dodecaedros regulares (9), estando las diez caras visibles de cada dodecaedro numeradas. Las diez caras visibles del primer dodecaedro se encuentran numeradas del 0 al 10, la segunda cara del 1 1 al 20 y así sucesivamente hasta la última del 91 al 100. .- axis of the hundreds (5) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten regular dodecahedrons (9), the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron being numbered. The ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron are numbered from 0 to 10, the second face from 1 to 20 and so on until the last from 91 to 100.
.- eje de las unidades de millar (6) constituido por un eje horizontal (2) del que cuelgan diez cortos ejes horizontales (12) y de cada uno de estos diez ejes verticales (1 1 ) y cada uno de estos ejes atraviesa diez bolas (8), cinco de un color y cinco de otro. .- axis of the thousand units (6) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) from which hang ten short horizontal axes (12) and from each of these ten vertical axes (1 1) and each of these axes crosses ten balls (8), five of one color and five of another.
.- eje de las decenas de millar (7) constituido por un eje horizontal (2) que atraviesa diez dodecaedros regulares (9), estando las diez caras visibles de cada dodecaedro numeradas. La primera de las diez caras visibles del primer dodecaedro se encuentra numerada con el número 100, la segunda con el 200, la tercera con el 300 y así sucesivamente hasta llegar a la última numerada con un número 1 .000. .- axis of the tens of thousand (7) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten regular dodecahedra (9), the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron being numbered. The first of the ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron is numbered with the number 100, the second with the 200, the third with the 300 and so on until reaching the last numbered with a number 1 .000.
Las caras de numeración par son de un color y las impares de otro color.  The even numbering faces are one color and the odd ones of another color.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invención, así como la manera de llevarse a la práctica, debe hacerse constar que las disposiciones anteriormente indicadas y representadas en los dibujos adjuntos son susceptibles de modificaciones de detalle en cuanto no alteren sus principios fundamentales, establecidos en los párrafos anteriores y resumidos en las siguientes reivindicaciones. Describing sufficiently the nature of the invention, as well as the way of carrying it out, it should be noted that the provisions indicated above and represented in the attached drawings are subject to modifications in detail as long as they do not alter its fundamental principles, established in the paragraphs above and summarized in the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1§.- Abaco mejorado de los constituidos a partir de un armazón estable y una serie de ejes que atraviesan diversas combinaciones de bolas y dodecaedros, y caracterizado porque el ábaco se encuentra formado por un armazón de sustentación (1 ) constituido por dos trapecios de altura mucho mayor que la base, enfrentados entre si y unidos por al menos cinco ejes (2), donde cada eje presenta una disposición de bolas (8) y dodecaedros (9) diferente, distribuidos específicamente de la siguiente forma desde abajo hacia la parte superior: 1 § .- Improved abacus of those constituted from a stable framework and a series of axes that cross various combinations of balls and dodecahedrons, and characterized in that the abacus is formed by a support framework (1) constituted by two trapezoids of height much greater than the base, facing each other and joined by at least five axes (2), where each axis has a different arrangement of balls (8) and dodecahedrons (9), specifically distributed as follows from below to the part higher:
.- eje de las unidades (3), constituido por un eje horizontal (2) que atraviesa diez bolas (8), las cinco primeras de la izquierda de diferente color que las siguientes .- axis of the units (3), consisting of a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten balls (8), the first five on the left of different color than the following
.- eje de las decenas (4), constituido por un eje horizontal (2) del que cuelgan diez ejes verticales (1 1 ) que atraviesan diez bolas (8), cinco de un color y cinco de otro. .- axis of the tens (4), constituted by a horizontal axis (2) from which hang ten vertical axes (1 1) that cross ten balls (8), five of one color and five of another.
.- eje de las centenas (5) constituido por un eje horizontal (2) que atraviesa diez dodecaedros regulares (9), estando las diez caras visibles de cada dodecaedro numeradas. Las diez caras visibles del primer dodecaedro se encuentran numeradas del 0 al 10, la segunda cara del 1 1 al 20 y así sucesivamente hasta la última del 91 al 100. .- axis of the hundreds (5) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten regular dodecahedrons (9), the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron being numbered. The ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron are numbered from 0 to 10, the second face from 1 to 20 and so on until the last from 91 to 100.
.- eje de las unidades de millar (6) constituido por un eje horizontal (2) del que cuelgan diez cortos ejes horizontales (12) y de cada uno de estos diez ejes verticales (1 1 ) y cada uno de estos ejes atraviesa diez bolas (8), cinco de un color y cinco de otro. .- axis of the thousand units (6) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) from which hang ten short horizontal axes (12) and from each of these ten vertical axes (1 1) and each of these axes crosses ten balls (8), five of one color and five of another.
.- eje de las decenas de millar (7) constituido por un eje horizontal (2) que atraviesa diez dodecaedros regulares (9), estando las diez caras visibles de cada dodecaedro numeradas. La primera de las diez caras visibles del primer dodecaedro se encuentra numerada con el número 100, la segunda con el 200, la tercera con el 300 y así sucesivamente hasta llegar a la última numerada con un número 1 .000. .- axis of the tens of thousand (7) constituted by a horizontal axis (2) that crosses ten regular dodecahedra (9), the ten visible faces of each dodecahedron being numbered. The first of the ten visible faces of the first dodecahedron is numbered with the number 100, the second with the 200, the third with the 300 and so on until reaching the last numbered with a number 1 .000.
Las caras de numeración par son de un color y las impares de otro color.  The even numbering faces are one color and the odd ones of another color.
PCT/ES2014/070823 2014-01-03 2014-11-04 Improved abacus WO2015101685A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ES201430006U ES1098331Y (en) 2014-01-03 2014-01-03 IMPROVED ABACO
ESU201430006 2014-01-03

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2360112A (en) * 2000-03-08 2001-09-12 Direct Educational Services Lt Teaching aid
US20070166673A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Frieman Shlomo R Abacus
US20120028229A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 James Richard Harte Augmented simple abacus with an underlying grid of numbers or a blank sheet

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2360112A (en) * 2000-03-08 2001-09-12 Direct Educational Services Lt Teaching aid
US20070166673A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Frieman Shlomo R Abacus
US20120028229A1 (en) * 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 James Richard Harte Augmented simple abacus with an underlying grid of numbers or a blank sheet

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ES1098331Y (en) 2014-04-16

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