WO2015101152A1 - 基于dfa的http分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法 - Google Patents
基于dfa的http分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/52—Network services specially adapted for the location of the user terminal
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- the present invention relates to the field of network transmission, and in particular, to a transmission load extraction method based on DFA-based HTTP block transfer coding.
- Protocols are used to describe how various computer applications and applications communicate.
- the two parties of the communication encapsulate the communication content in the protocol, and then pass the protocol string to the other party. After receiving the protocol string, the other party needs to parse the communication content from the protocol string.
- the process of parsing out communication content from a protocol string is called protocol parsing, and protocol parsing has become an indispensable technology in network applications. How to quickly implement protocol parsing will directly affect the performance of the computer system.
- protocol parsing is the lookup of protocol fields in a string.
- the methods for implementing protocol parsing in the prior art include: protocol analysis of pure software, protocol parsing based on string matching algorithm, and protocol analysis based on hardware.
- the pure software protocol parsing method uses the string lookup and comparison functions in the operating system to implement protocol parsing, and its performance is very limited.
- the protocol parsing method based on the string matching algorithm is much faster than the string function of the operating system, it is still unable to meet the high concurrency and large data volume network application requirements due to the limitation of the performance of the server chip.
- hardware-based protocol parsing methods have emerged. Although this method has high performance but poor scalability, it can only be applied to some preset fixed scenarios.
- the message format of the HTTP protocol includes a message header and a message body. Some attribute fields are defined in the message header, which provide important information to the message recipient.
- the Content-Length attribute field indicates the length of the message body, which facilitates the programming implementation of the data receiving process.
- the message producer may not be able to immediately know the total length of the message body, and thus cannot calculate the Content-Length field value in time. This problem can be avoided by using block transfer coding (chunked coding).
- Block transfer coding is a transmission coding method of the HTTP/1.1 protocol. The transmission coding method cuts the data to be transmitted into multiple parts, and the message only needs to provide the length of each part.
- the encoded message body is a set of consecutive coding blocks, each of which contains a chunk-data and a chunk-size whose format is defined as follows:
- Chunk chunk-size[chunk-extension]CRLF chunk-data CRLF
- the chunk-size is the length of the chunk-data and is a hexadecimal string.
- CRLF is a double-byte newline with an ASCII code value of 0x0d 0x0a.
- the distribution and transmission process of the streaming media service uses the HTTP protocol to perform chunked encoding of the program content.
- the streaming server receives the packet through the TCP protocol, and pushes the decoded packet to the IPQAM in UDP mode, and then sends the packet to the terminal user.
- streaming media has the characteristics of large data volume and long transmission time, the streaming server will perform block transfer encoding and parsing operations on a large amount of data, and the efficiency of the operation is crucial to the overall performance of the streaming server.
- the protocol parsing method in the prior art is not efficient, and is not suitable for a streaming media application environment with large data volume and long transmission time.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the protocol parsing method in the prior art, and to provide an efficient protocol parsing method.
- the present invention provides a DFA-based HTTP block transfer coding transmission load extraction method, including:
- the DFA engine for implementing regular expression matching is used to match the block transmission coding mode string one by one to locate the start and end positions of all the block transmission coding mode strings; wherein the block transmission coding mode string a regular expression containing the chunk-size field described in IETF RFC2616 and its carriage return line feeds before and after;
- the block transmission coding mode string is expressed by a regular expression as: " ⁇ r ⁇ n[0-9A-Fa-f]+ ⁇ r ⁇ n".
- the method further includes:
- Step 1) After inputting the HTTP packet flow, set the current location to the first byte of the input HTTP packet flow, or a position before the first chunk-size field position;
- Recorded as "current block transfer coding mode string field” obtain the position of the next byte of the end position of the field, set the current position to the position, and also set the load start position to the position;
- Step 3 match the next field following the current position with the regular expression " ⁇ r ⁇ n[0-9A-Fa-f]+r ⁇ n", and record it as "next block transfer encoding mode string field" If the next block transfer coding mode string field is matched, the position of the previous byte of the start position of the field is obtained, and the end position of the load is set to the position, and Obtain the position of the next byte after the end position of the field, and set the current position to this position; if the next packet transmission coding mode string field does not exist in the entire message, it indicates that all the matching has been completed, and the current analysis is ended;
- Step 4) All bytes included between the load start position and the load end position are chunk-data, which is the payload of the partition, and then re-executed from step 3).
- the DFA engine is a hardware module or a module set that provides a regular expression matching function, or a software module or a module set that implements regular expression matching, or a software module and a hardware module that implements regular expression matching. Combination of.
- the method of the invention can quickly extract the transmission load from the HTTP block transfer coding, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low time consumption, good portability and the like.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
- Block Transfer Encoding Mode String Same as the chunk-size field described in RFC2616, and also includes carriage return line feeds (ie CRLF) before and after this field. If the chunk-extension field in RFC2616 is ignored, the block transfer encoding mode string is expressed as a regular expression: " ⁇ r ⁇ n[0-9A-Fa-f]+ ⁇ r ⁇ n".
- the chunk-data field is the same as the chunk-data field described in RFC2616. It is the payload of the HTTP packet stream and needs to be extracted during protocol parsing.
- DFA engine Includes a hardware module or set of modules that provide regular expression matching, or a software module or set of modules that implement regular expression matching, or a combination of software and hardware modules.
- the DFA engine not only gives information specifying whether the regular expression exists in the specified text, but also gives the starting and ending position of the regular expression in the text if a match is found.
- the method of the present invention can implement fast parsing of HTTP block-translated encoded data.
- the method of the present invention includes the following steps:
- Step 1) After inputting the HTTP packet flow, set the current location to the first byte of the input HTTP packet flow, or a position before the first chunk-size field position;
- Recorded as "current block transfer coding mode string field” obtain the position of the next byte of the end position of the field, set the current position to the position, and also set the load start position to the position;
- Step 3 match the next field following the current position with the regular expression " ⁇ r ⁇ n[0-9A-Fa-f]+ ⁇ r ⁇ n", and record it as "next block transfer coding mode string field "If the next block transfer coding mode string field is matched, the position of the previous byte of the start position of the field is obtained, the end position of the load is set to the position, and the next word after the end position of the field is obtained. The location of the section, the current location is set to this location; if the entire packet does not exist in the next block transmission coding mode string field, indicating that all matching has been completed, the parsing process can be ended.
- Step 4) All the bytes included between the load start position and the load end position are chunk-data, which is the block payload, and is appropriately processed according to the specific application, and then re-executed from step 3) Begin execution.
- the regular expression for indicating the block transfer coding mode string is " ⁇ r ⁇ n[0-9A-Fa-f]+ ⁇ r ⁇ n", and in other embodiments, it may also be used.
- Other forms of regular expressions represent a block transfer encoding mode string, such as " ⁇ r ⁇ n ⁇ h+ ⁇ r ⁇ n".
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于DFA的HTTP分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法，包括：在HTTP报文流中，利用用于实现正则表达式匹配的DFA引擎逐个匹配分块传输编码模式串，以定位所有分块传输编码模式串的起止位置；其中，所述分块传输编码模式串为正则表达式，包含IETF RFC2616中所描述的chunk-size字段及其之前与之后的回车换行符；提取全部的相邻两个分块传输编码模式串之间的数据，获得HTTP有效载荷数据。
Description
本发明涉及网络传输领域，特别涉及一种基于DFA的HTTP分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法。
协议用于描述各种计算机应用中及应用间的通信方式。在通讯过程中，通讯的两方将通信内容封装在协议中，再将协议字符串传递给对方，对方收到该协议字符串后，需要从协议字符串中解析出通信内容。从协议字符串解析出通信内容的过程被称为协议解析，协议解析已经成为网络应用中的一种不可或缺的技术。如何快速地实现协议解析，将会直接影响计算机系统的性能。
协议解析的本质为字符串中协议字段的查找。现有技术中实现协议解析的方法包括：纯软件的协议解析、基于字符串匹配算法的协议解析和基于硬件的协议解析。纯软件的协议解析方法使用操作系统中的字符串查找和比较函数来实现协议解析，其性能非常有限。基于字符串匹配算法的协议解析方法虽然比使用操作系统的字符串函数快很多，但还是受服务器芯片性能限制而越来越无法满足高并发、大数据量的网络应用需求。随着网络应用的快速发展，出现了基于硬件的协议解析方法，这种方法虽然性能很高但扩展性很差，只能适用于一些预设的固定场景。
HTTP协议的消息格式包含消息首部和消息体。在消息首部中定义了一些属性字段，这些字段向报文接收者提供了重要的信息。其中，Content-Length属性字段表示消息体的长度，该字段有利于数据接收过程的编程实现。然而，对于某些动态生成的数据，消息生成者可能无法立即知悉消息体的总长度，从而不能及时计算Content-Length字段值。使用分块传输编码(chunked编码)可以回避这一问题。分块传输编码是HTTP/1.1协议的一种传输编码方式，该传输编码方式将待传输数据切割为多个部分，报文只需提供每个部分的长度。编码后的消息体是一组连续的编码块(chunk)，每个编码块包含了传输数据块(chunk-data)及其长度(chunk-size)，其格式定义如下：
chunk＝chunk-size[chunk-extension]CRLF chunk-data CRLF
其中，chunk-size是chunk-data的长度，为十六进制字符串。CRLF为双字节换行符，其ASCII码值为0x0d 0x0a。可选的chunk-extension格式用一组“name＝value”字段组成，但RFC2616未对这些字段进行定义，并规定接收者忽略不能识别的字段。
流媒体业务的分发和传输过程使用了HTTP协议，对节目内容进行chunked编码。
流服务器通过TCP协议接收报文，将解码后的报文以UDP方式推送给IPQAM，进而发送给终端用户。由于流媒体具有数据量大、传输时间长的特点，流服务器将会对大量数据进行分块传输编码解析操作，该操作的效率对于流服务器的整体性能至关重要。现有技术中的协议解析方法效率不高，不太适合于数据量大、传输时间长的流媒体应用环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的协议解析方法效率不高的缺陷，从而提供一种高效的协议解析方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种基于DFA的HTTP分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法，包括：
在HTTP报文流中，利用用于实现正则表达式匹配的DFA引擎逐个匹配分块传输编码模式串，以定位所有分块传输编码模式串的起止位置；其中，所述分块传输编码模式串为正则表达式，包含IETF RFC2616中所描述的chunk-size字段及其之前与之后的回车换行符；
提取全部的相邻两个分块传输编码模式串之间的数据，获得HTTP有效载荷数据。
上述技术方案中，所述分块传输编码模式串用正则表达式表达为：“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+\r\n”。
上述技术方案中，该方法进一步包括：
步骤1)、输入HTTP报文流后，将当前位置设置为该输入HTTP报文流的第一个字节，或第一个chunk-size字段位置之前的某个位置；
步骤2)、在所输入的HTTP报文流中匹配当前位置之后的下一个符合正则表达式“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+\r\n”的字段，将匹配字段记作“当前分块传输编码模式串字段”，获得该字段的结束位置的下一个字节的位置，将当前位置设置为该位置，同时将载荷起始位置也设置为该位置；
步骤3)、匹配当前位置之后的下一个符合正则表达式“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+r\n”的字段，记作“下一个分块传输编码模式串字段”；如果匹配到了下一个分块传输编码模式串字段，则获得该字段起始位置的前一个字节所在位置，将载荷结束位置设置为该位置，并
获得该字段结束位置之后的下一个字节所在位置，将当前位置设置为这一位置；若整个报文不存在下一个分块传输编码模式串字段，说明已经完成全部匹配，结束本次解析；
步骤4)、将载荷起始位置到载荷结束位置之间所包含的所有字节为chunk-data，为本分块的有效载荷，然后重新执行从步骤3)开始执行。
上述技术方案中，所述DFA引擎为提供正则表达式匹配功能的硬件模块或模块集，或者是实现正则表达式匹配的软件模块或模块集，或者是实现正则表达式匹配的软件模块和硬件模块的结合。
本发明的优点在于：
本发明的方法能够快速地从HTTP分块传输编码中提取出传输载荷，具有效率高、耗时少、可移植性好等优点。
图1是本发明方法的流程图。
在对本发明做详细说明之前，对本发明中所涉及的相关概念做统一描述。
分块传输编码模式串：与RFC2616中所描述的chunk-size字段相同，还包括该字段之前与之后的回车换行符(即CRLF)。如果忽略RFC2616中的chunk-extension字段，则分块传输编码模式串用正则表达式表达为：“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+\r\n”。
chunk-data字段：与RFC2616中所描述的chunk-data字段相同，为HTTP报文流的有效载荷，在协议解析时需要对其进行提取。
DFA引擎：包括提供正则表达式匹配功能的硬件模块或模块集，或者是实现正则表达式匹配的软件模块或模块集，或者软件和硬件模块的结合。DFA引擎不仅要给出指定正则表达式是否存在于指定文本的信息，同时在发现匹配的情况下，给出该正则表达式在该文本中出现的起止位置。
现结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。
本发明的方法能够实现对HTTP分块传输编码数据的快速解析，参考图1，本发明的方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1)、输入HTTP报文流后，将当前位置设置为该输入HTTP报文流的第一个字节，或第一个chunk-size字段位置之前的某个位置；
步骤2)、在所输入的HTTP报文流中匹配当前位置之后的下一个符合正则表达式“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+\r\n”的字段，将匹配字段记作“当前分块传输编码模式串字段”，获得该字段的结束位置的下一个字节的位置，将当前位置设置为该位置，同时将载荷起始位置也设置为该位置；
步骤3)、匹配当前位置之后的下一个符合正则表达式“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+\r\n”的字段，记作“下一个分块传输编码模式串字段”；如果匹配到了下一个分块传输编码模式串字段，则获得该字段起始位置的前一个字节所在位置，将载荷结束位置设置为该位置，并获得该字段结束位置之后的下一个字节所在位置，将当前位置设置为这一位置；若整个报文不存在下一个分块传输编码模式串字段，说明已经完成全部匹配，可结束本次解析过程。
步骤4)、将载荷起始位置到载荷结束位置之间所包含的所有字节为chunk-data，为本分块有效载荷，依具体应用所需做出适当处理，然后重新执行从步骤3)开始执行。
在上述实施例中，用于表示分块传输编码模式串的正则表达式为“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+\r\n”，在其他实施例中，也可以用其他形式的正则表达式表示分块传输编码模式串，如“\r\n\h+\r\n”。
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (4)
- 一种基于DFA的HTTP分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法，包括：在HTTP报文流中，利用用于实现正则表达式匹配的DFA引擎逐个匹配分块传输编码模式串，以定位所有分块传输编码模式串的起止位置；其中，所述分块传输编码模式串为正则表达式，包含IETF RFC2616中所描述的chunk-size字段及其之前与之后的回车换行符；提取全部的相邻两个分块传输编码模式串之间的数据，获得HTTP有效载荷数据。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于DFA的HTTP分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法，其特征在于，所述分块传输编码模式串用正则表达式表达为：“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+\r\n”。
- 根据权利要求2所述的基于DFA的HTTP分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法，其特征在于，该方法进一步包括：步骤1)、输入HTTP报文流后，将当前位置设置为该输入HTTP报文流的第一个字节，或第一个chunk-size字段位置之前的某个位置；步骤2)、在所输入的HTTP报文流中匹配当前位置之后的下一个符合正则表达式“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+\r\n”的字段，将匹配字段记作“当前分块传输编码模式串字段”，获得该字段的结束位置的下一个字节的位置，将当前位置设置为该位置，同时将载荷起始位置也设置为该位置；步骤3)、匹配当前位置之后的下一个符合正则表达式“\r\n[0-9A-Fa-f]+r\n”的字段，记作“下一个分块传输编码模式串字段”；如果匹配到了下一个分块传输编码模式串字段，则获得该字段起始位置的前一个字节所在位置，将载荷结束位置设置为该位置，并获得该字段结束位置之后的下一个字节所在位置，将当前位置设置为这一位置；若整个报文不存在下一个分块传输编码模式串字段，说明已经完成全部匹配，结束本次解析；步骤4)、将载荷起始位置到载荷结束位置之间所包含的所有字节为chunk-data，为本分块的有效载荷，然后重新执行从步骤3)开始执行。
- 根据权利要求1所述的基于DFA的HTTP分块传输编码的传输载荷提取方法，其特征在于，所述DFA引擎为提供正则表达式匹配功能的硬件模块或模块集，或者是 实现正则表达式匹配的软件模块或模块集，或者是实现正则表达式匹配的软件模块和硬件模块的结合。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105933420A (zh) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏物联网研究发展中心 | 利用http协议实现客户端向服务端文件上传的方法及系统 |
| CN113132416A (zh) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-07-16 | 新华三信息安全技术有限公司 | 一种数据包检测方法及装置 |
| CN113612821A (zh) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-05 | 支付宝(杭州)信息技术有限公司 | 多方安全计算中的数据交互方法和装置 |
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| CN109871502B (zh) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-10-30 | 北京赛思信安技术股份有限公司 | 一种基于Storm的流数据正则匹配方法 |
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| CN103095644B (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2015-10-07 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | 一种数据内容解析方法及装置 |
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| CN102004789A (zh) * | 2010-12-07 | 2011-04-06 | 苏州迈科网络安全技术股份有限公司 | Url过滤系统的应用方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105933420A (zh) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏物联网研究发展中心 | 利用http协议实现客户端向服务端文件上传的方法及系统 |
| CN113132416A (zh) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-07-16 | 新华三信息安全技术有限公司 | 一种数据包检测方法及装置 |
| CN113132416B (zh) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-06-21 | 新华三信息安全技术有限公司 | 一种数据包检测方法及装置 |
| CN113612821A (zh) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-05 | 支付宝(杭州)信息技术有限公司 | 多方安全计算中的数据交互方法和装置 |
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| CN104767710A (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
| CN104767710B (zh) | 2018-08-07 |
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