WO2015100794A1 - 无线自动中继组网的方法及抄表系统 - Google Patents

无线自动中继组网的方法及抄表系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015100794A1
WO2015100794A1 PCT/CN2014/070541 CN2014070541W WO2015100794A1 WO 2015100794 A1 WO2015100794 A1 WO 2015100794A1 CN 2014070541 W CN2014070541 W CN 2014070541W WO 2015100794 A1 WO2015100794 A1 WO 2015100794A1
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concentrator
collector
network
level
collectors
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PCT/CN2014/070541
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈支龙
王旭
洪爱霞
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瑞斯康微电子（深圳）有限公司
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Publication of WO2015100794A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015100794A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/60—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for transmitting utility meters data, i.e. transmission of data from the reader of the utility meter

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of route relay networking technologies, and in particular, to a wireless automatic relay networking method and a meter reading system.
  • the carrier communication distance is short, and the communication interference source is complicated.
  • the power line material and the wiring are strong, etc., the communication success rate and the communication speed are low.
  • the power line is separated by 3 phases. If the two meters are installed in different phases, even if the two meters are installed next to each other, communication cannot be performed.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wireless automatic relay networking method and a meter reading system, so that the system can automatically form a relay communication network and avoid manual maintenance, and the collector in the network can automatically collect the electricity meter. data.
  • the present invention is implemented as follows:
  • the method for wireless automatic relay networking includes the following steps:
  • the concentrator sends a broadcast signal
  • the first level collector listens to the broadcast signal and forwards it, and the second level collector listens to the forwarded broadcast signal and continues to forward; and so on until the network routing layer reaches the limit;
  • the collectors of all levels store the network addresses of other collectors that are heard into their neighbor tables
  • the concentrator stores the network address of the first-stage collector as the next-level network address of the concentrator into the concentrator routing table, and sends a request for acquiring the first-level collector neighbor table to the first-stage collector;
  • the first level collector sends its neighbor table to the concentrator according to the request, and the concentrator uses the network address belonging to the second level collector in the first level collector neighbor table as the next level network address of the first level collector.
  • Stored in the concentrator routing table and sent to the second-level collector to obtain the second-level collector neighbor table request; and so on until all the network addresses of the collectors that can be heard are stored in the concentrator routing table;
  • the concentrator sends an incoming network signal to each collector according to the concentrator routing table, and the collector that receives the incoming broadcast signal feeds back the network confirmation signal to the concentrator to complete the network access;
  • the concentrator After the proportion of the collectors entering the network reaches the set value, the concentrator sequentially sends the unicast signals to the collectors that have not entered the network, and the collectors that receive the unicast network access signals are fed back to the concentrator. Confirm the signal.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the concentrator allocates an ID number to the collector of the network, and the collector can determine the time sequence of communication with the concentrator according to the ID number.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the concentrator sets a plurality of consecutive time segments, and listens to all channels in the first time period. If a channel detects a signal of a network that does not belong to the concentrator, the channel is cancelled in the next time period. The interception, and so on, until the interception of all time periods is completed, the channel with the smallest RSSI value among the remaining monitored channels is selected as the working channel.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the collector listens to the incoming broadcast signal or the incoming unicast signal of the four channels, selects the same channel as the working channel after the network access, and keeps listening for other channels.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the collector that has not joined the concentrator routing table broadcasts the incoming request signal through the collector that has joined the concentrator routing table.
  • the method further includes the following steps:
  • the collector that has not joined the concentrator routing table listens for the message transmitted in the network of the concentrator, parses the path information therefrom, and selects the shortest path to the concentrator to send the network access request.
  • a meter reading system for wireless automatic relay networking comprising a concentrator and a plurality of level collectors; the collector is connected to the electricity meter for collecting meter data; the concentrator is wirelessly connected with the collector, and is used for Concentrating the meter data collected by each collector and transmitting it to the meter reading center; the concentrator is configured to send a broadcast signal;
  • the first level collector is configured to listen to the broadcast signal and forward, and the second level collector is configured to listen to the forwarded broadcast signal and continue to forward; and so on until the network routing layer reaches a limit;
  • the collectors of each level are also used to store the network addresses of other collectors that are heard in the neighbor table;
  • the concentrator is configured to store the network address of the first-stage collector as the next-level network address of the concentrator into the concentrator routing table, and send a request for acquiring the first-level collector neighbor table to the first-stage collector;
  • the first level collector is further configured to send the neighbor table to the concentrator according to the request, and the concentrator is further configured to use the network address belonging to the second level collector in the first level collector neighbor table as the first level collector.
  • the next-level network address is stored in the concentrator routing table, and the second-level collector is sent to obtain the second-level collector neighbor table request; and so on until all the network addresses of the collectors that can be heard are stored.
  • Concentrator routing table
  • the concentrator is further configured to send the network broadcast signal to all the collectors according to the network address of each collector, and the collector is further configured to feed back the network confirmation signal to the concentrator when receiving the network broadcast signal, thereby completing the network access;
  • the concentrator is further configured to: when the proportion of the collectors entering the network reaches a set value, send a network unicast signal to each collector that has not entered the network, and the collector that receives the incoming network unicast network signal is used to the concentrator Feedback to the network confirmation signal to complete the network.
  • the concentrator is further configured to allocate an ID number to the collector of the network, and the collector can determine the time sequence of communication with the concentrator according to the ID number.
  • the concentrator is further configured to set a plurality of consecutive time segments, and listen to all channels in the first time period, and if a channel detects a signal of a network that does not belong to the concentrator, then the next one The time period cancels the interception of the channel, and so on, until all the time periods have been intercepted, the channel with the smallest RSSI value among the remaining monitored channels is selected as the working channel.
  • the collector is further configured to listen to all channels in a time-sharing manner before entering the network, and select the same channel as the working channel as the working channel and additionally select at least two channels for listening after entering the network.
  • a collector that has not joined the concentrator routing table is configured to broadcast an incoming request signal through a collector that has joined the concentrator routing table.
  • the collector that has not been added to the concentrator routing table is configured to listen to the packets transmitted in the network of the concentrator, parse the path information from the path information, and select the shortest path to the concentrator to send the network access request.
  • the concentrator sends a unicast signal to the collector according to the network address of the collector for point name networking.
  • the networking process can be interrupted, and the networking can be continued after the concentrator completes other communication tasks.
  • these collectors to be accessed are not broadcasted, the interference of other collectors and concentrators during meter reading is greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an automatic relay networking process according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a meter reading system of an automatic relay networking provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a meter reading system of an automatic relay networking according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a network access procedure of a collector in a wireless automatic relay networking method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the meter reading system of the wireless automatic relay networking provided by the present invention comprises a concentrator 2 and a plurality of level collectors 3; the collector 3 is connected with the electricity meter 4 for collecting meter data; the concentrator 2 and the collection The device 3 is wirelessly connected to collect the meter data collected by each collector 3 and send it to the meter reading center 1.
  • the system adopts a master-slave architecture to meet the requirements of centralized data collection and centralized management.
  • One concentrator 2 corresponds to a plurality of collectors 3, and each collector 3 is connected to at least one electric meter 4.
  • the meter reading center 1 collects the meter data collected by each of the collectors 3 managed by the concentrator 2 through the concentrator 2.
  • the collector 3 can be automatically added to the communication network formed by the concentrator 2, and the concentrator 2 and the collector 3 can be relayed through other collectors 3 in the communication network of the concentrator 2 to cover a larger Geographical scope to meet large-scale networking applications.
  • the concentrator 2 transmits a broadcast signal.
  • the collector 3 that receives the broadcast signal is defined as a first-stage collector. After receiving the broadcast signal, the first-stage collector forwards the broadcast signal, and the collector 3 that receives the forwarded broadcast signal is defined as a second-stage collector. The second stage collector continues to forward the signal.
  • the broadcast signal is forwarded through the multi-stage collector until the number of network routing layers reaches the limit.
  • each collector 3 is still in a listening state. If a certain collector 3 detects that the other collectors 3 are forwarding the broadcast signal, the detected network address of the collector 3 that forwards the broadcast signal is stored in the neighbor table.
  • each collector 3 After the broadcast signal is intercepted, each collector 3 has its own neighbor list. After each collector 3 has its own neighbor table, the concentrator 2 stores the network address of each first-level collector as the next-level network address of the concentrator 2 in the routing table of the concentrator 2, and simultaneously The first level collector sends a request to get its neighbor table. Each first-level collector sends its neighbor table to the concentrator 2 according to the request, and the concentrator stores the network address belonging to the second-level collector in the received neighbor table as the next-level network address of the first-stage collector. The routing table of the concentrator 2 is input, and at the same time, the request of the neighbor table is sent to each second-level collector.
  • Each of the second stage collectors is also like the first stage collector, and so on until all the network addresses of the collectors 3 that can be heard are stored in the routing table of the concentrator 2. After the concentrator 2 completes the acquisition of the neighbor table of each collector 3, the network broadcast signal is sent to each collector 3 according to the network address and path of each collector 3, and the collector 3 that receives the broadcast signal of the network feeds back to the concentrator. Confirm the signal to complete the network.
  • the networking mode is a broadcast networking mode. After the networking is completed, the meter reading process can be performed according to the above meter reading process. However, even if the networking is performed according to the above method, there may be a collector 3 that is not added to the routing table of the concentrator 2, and at the same time, a new collector 3 may request to join the routing table of the concentrator 2. As shown in FIG. 1 , for the collector 3 of the routing table that has not been added to the concentrator 2, the concentrator 2 can sequentially send the unicast signal to the collector 3 that has not joined the concentrator routing table according to its network address. The collector 3 that receives the incoming unicast signal feeds back the network confirmation signal to the concentrator 2 to complete the network access.
  • This networking mode is different from the broadcast networking mode of the concentrator 2. It belongs to the point name networking mode.
  • the networking process using the point name networking mode can be interrupted, and the networking can be continued after the concentrator 2 completes other communication work.
  • the collectors 3 to be accessed are not broadcasted, which greatly reduces the interference when the other collectors 3 and the concentrators 2 are meter reading.
  • the collector 3 that has not been added to the routing table of the concentrator 2 and the newly added collector 3 (the free collector) can also be networked through the networking of the free collector as shown in FIG.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the free collector 3 listens to the messages in the network of the concentrator 2, and the messages contain path information.
  • the free collector 3 can find the shortest path from the concentrator 2 by parsing the path information, and then collects
  • the device 3 can send an incoming network request to the concentrator 2 through the collector 3 that has already entered the network according to the shortest path, thereby completing the network access.
  • the free collector 3 can also actively broadcast the incoming network request through the other collectors 3 that have joined the routing table of the concentrator 2, and wait for the concentrator 2 to discover, thereby implementing the network access.
  • the concentrator 2 assigns an ID number to each collector 3 of the network for collision of network communication, and the collector 3 can determine the same according to the ID number.
  • the chronograph 2 communicates in time sequence, and each of the collectors 3 communicates with the concentrator 2 in accordance with their respective chronological order, thereby preventing the plurality of collectors 3 from simultaneously colliding with the concentrator 2 to cause collision.
  • the wireless network has a wide coverage and is not subject to line constraints.
  • One problem is that if multiple independent wireless communication networks need to be deployed in the same area, interference will occur.
  • the solution is that the concentrator 2 and the collector 3 divide the frequency bands used by each into a plurality of channels with smaller bandwidths, and corresponding channels are respectively selected according to different algorithms.
  • the flow of selecting channels by concentrator 2 and collector 3 is as follows:
  • the concentrator 2 sets a plurality of consecutive time segments, and listens to all channels in the first time period, and if a channel does not detect signals of the network that does not belong to the concentrator 2, The interception of the channel is cancelled in the next time period, and so on, until the interception of all time periods is completed, the channel with the smallest RSSI value among the remaining monitored channels is selected as the working channel;
  • the collector 3 selects the channel flow: the collector 3 listens to the incoming broadcast signal or the incoming unicast signal of the four channels, selects the same channel as the working channel after the network access, and keeps listening for other channels. Supporting 4 channels and time-sharing networking can improve the networking efficiency. After the networking is successful, broadcast the other network's broadcast network to listen to the situation of the primary node's working channel change.
  • the concentrator 2 When the large-scale collector 3 is not in the network, the concentrator 2 establishes a basic network through the broadcast networking. For some reasons, there are a few collectors 3 that are not in the network at the time of broadcasting. It takes a lot of time to continue the detection by broadcasting, which makes it take a long time to start meter reading. Therefore, if the concentrator 2 is only used for the broadcast network, then the few collectors 3 that are not in the network can only enter the network by the free collector 3 after waiting for a long time. For these few slave nodes, it is more suitable to network by means of point name, and the collector 3 is searched by sending a unicast signal, thereby incorporating it into the network.

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Abstract

本发明涉及路由中继组网技术领域，尤其涉及一种无线自动中继组网的方法及抄表系统。与现有技术相比，对于还未加入集中器路由表的少部分采集器，集中器根据该采集器的网络地址向该采集器发送单播信号进行点名组网。该组网过程可中断，可在集中器完成其他通讯工作后继续进行组网。同时，由于这些待入网的采集器不进行广播，大大减小了对其他采集器及集中器进行抄表时的干扰。

Description

无线自动中继组网的方法及抄表系统 技术领域
本发明涉及路由中继组网技术领域，尤其涉及一种无线自动中继组网的方法及抄表系统。
 背景技术
基于低压电力载波通讯的抄表系统，载波通讯距离近，通讯干扰来源复杂，除受各种电器干扰外，电力线材质，接线是否牢固等都有影响，通讯成功率及通讯速率低。电力线3相分离，两计量表如安装在不同相位，即使两表紧邻安装，也无法通讯。
 技术问题
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种无线自动中继组网的方法及抄表系统，使系统能够自动组成中继通讯网络、避免人工维护，处于该网络中的采集器能够自动采集电表数据。
技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的：
无线自动中继组网的方法，包括如下步骤：
集中器发送广播信号；
第一级采集器侦听到该广播信号并转发，第二级采集器侦听到转发的广播信号并继续转发；以此类推直到网络路由层数达到限制；
各级采集器将侦听到的其他采集器的网络地址存入自身邻居表；
集中器将第一级采集器的网络地址作为集中器的下一级网络地址存入集中器路由表，并向第一级采集器发送获取第一级采集器邻居表请求；
第一级采集器根据所述请求将其邻居表发送给集中器，集中器将第一级采集器邻居表中属于第二级采集器的网络地址作为第一级采集器的下一级网络地址存入集中器路由表，并向第二级采集器发送获取第二级采集器邻居表请求；以此类推直到所有能够被侦听到的采集器的网络地址都存入集中器路由表；
集中器根据集中器路由表向各采集器发送入网信号，接收到所述入网广播信号的采集器向所述集中器反馈入网确认信号以完成入网；
当入网的采集器比例达到设定值后，所述集中器依次向各还未入网的采集器发送入网单播信号，接收到所述入网单播入网信号的采集器向所述集中器反馈入网确认信号。
进一步地，所述方法还包括如下步骤：
所述集中器为入网的采集器分配一个ID号，该采集器可根据该ID号确定其与所述集中器通讯的时间顺序。
进一步地，所述方法还包括如下步骤：
所述集中器设置若干连续时间段，在第一个时间段内对所有信道进行侦听，如果在某信道侦听到不属于该集中器的网络的信号，则在下一个时间段取消对该信道的侦听，以此类推直到所有时间段侦听完毕后，选取余下被侦听的信道中RSSI值最小的信道作为工作信道。
进一步地，所述方法还包括如下步骤：
所述采集器对四个信道的入网广播信号或入网单播信号进行侦听，入网后选择与集中器同样的信道作为工作信道，并对其他信道保持侦听。
进一步地，所述方法还包括如下步骤：
还未加入所述集中器路由表的采集器通过已加入所述集中器路由表的采集器广播入网请求信号。
进一步地，所述方法还包括如下步骤：
还未加入所述集中器路由表的采集器侦听所述集中器的网络中传输的报文，从中解析出路径信息，并选择最短路径向所述集中器发送入网请求。
一种无线自动中继组网的抄表系统，包括集中器及若干级采集器；所述采集器与电表连接，用于采集电表数据；所述集中器与所述采集器无线连接，用于集中各采集器所采集的电表数据并发送到抄表中心；所述集中器用于发送广播信号；
第一级采集器用于侦听该广播信号并转发，第二级采集器用于侦听转发的广播信号并继续转发；以此类推直到网络路由层数达到限制；
各级采集器还用于将侦听到的其他采集器的网络地址存入自身邻居表；
集中器用于将第一级采集器的网络地址作为集中器的下一级网络地址存入集中器路由表，并向第一级采集器发送获取第一级采集器邻居表请求；
第一级采集器还用于根据所述请求将其邻居表发送给集中器，集中器还用于将第一级采集器邻居表中属于第二级采集器的网络地址作为第一级采集器的下一级网络地址存入集中器路由表，并向第二级采集器发送获取第二级采集器邻居表请求；以此类推直到所有能够被侦听到的采集器的网络地址都存入集中器路由表；
集中器还用于根据各采集器的网络地址向所有采集器发送入网广播信号，采集器还用于当接收到所述入网广播信号时向所述集中器反馈入网确认信号，从而完成入网；
所述集中器还用于当入网的采集器比例达到设定值后向各还未入网的采集器发送入网单播信号，接收到所述入网单播入网信号的采集器用于向所述集中器反馈入网确认信号，从而完成入网。
进一步地，所述集中器还用于为入网的采集器分配一个ID号，该采集器可根据该ID号确定其与所述集中器通讯的时间顺序。
进一步地，所述集中器还用于设置若干连续时间段，在第一个时间段内对所有信道进行侦听，如果在某信道侦听到不属于该集中器的网络的信号，则在下一个时间段取消对该信道的侦听，以此类推直到所有时间段侦听完毕后，选取余下被侦听的信道中RSSI值最小的信道作为工作信道。
进一步地，所述采集器还用于在入网前分时侦听所有信道，入网后选择与集中器同样的信道作为工作信道并另外选择至少两个信道进行侦听。
进一步地，还未加入所述集中器路由表的采集器用于通过已加入所述集中器路由表的采集器广播入网请求信号。
进一步地，还未加入所述集中器路由表的采集器用于侦听所述集中器的网络中传输的报文，从中解析出路径信息，并选择最短路径向所述集中器发送入网请求。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，对于还未加入集中器路由表的少部分采集器，集中器根据该采集器的网络地址向该采集器发送单播信号进行点名组网。该组网过程可中断，可在集中器完成其他通讯工作后继续进行组网。同时，由于这些待入网的采集器不进行广播，大大减小了对其他采集器及集中器进行抄表时的干扰。
 附图说明
图1：本发明实施例提供的自动中继组网流程示意图；
图2：本发明实施例提供的自动中继组网的抄表系统组成示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1所示为本发明实施例提供的自动中继组网的抄表系统组成示意图，图2所示为本发明实施例提供的无线自动中继组网的方法中采集器入网流程示意图。根据图1所示，本发明提供的无线自动中继组网的抄表系统包括集中器2及若干级采集器3；采集器3与电表4连接，用于采集电表数据；集中器2与采集器3无线连接，用于集中各采集器3所采集的电表数据并发送到抄表中心1。
系统采用主从式架构，以满足数据集中采集，集中管理的要求。一个集中器2对应多个采集器3，每个采集器3至少连接一台电表4。抄表中心1通过集中器2采集该集中器2所管理的各采集器3所采集的电表数据。采集器3可自动加入到依托集中器2所构成的通讯网络，集中器2与采集器3之间可通过该集中器2的通讯网络中的其他采集器3进行中继连接，以覆盖较大地理范围，满足大规模组网应用。
依据图1所示，本系统的组网过程如下：
集中器2发送广播信号。接收到该广播信号的采集器3定义为第一级采集器，第一级采集器接收到该广播信号后进行转发，接收到该转发的广播信号的采集器3定义为第二级采集器，第二级采集器继续对该信号进行转发。以此类推，广播信号经过多级采集器转发，直到网络路由层数达到限制。在各采集器3对广播信号进行转发的期间，各采集器3还处于侦听状态。如果某一采集器3侦听到其他采集器3在转发广播信号，则将侦听到的在转发广播信号的采集器3的网络地址存入自身邻居表。经过对广播信号的侦听，各采集器3都存有各自的邻居表。各采集器3存有各自邻居表后，集中器2向将各第一级采集器的网络地址作为该集中器2的下一级网络地址存入该集中器2的路由表，同时，向各第一级采集器发送获取其邻居表的请求。各第一级采集器根据该请求将其邻居表发送给集中器2，集中器将接收到的邻居表中属于第二级采集器的网络地址作为第一级采集器的下一级网络地址存入集中器2的路由表，同时，向各第二级采集器发送获取其邻居表请求。各第二级采集器也按照第一级采集器那样，以此类推直到所有能够被侦听到的采集器3的网络地址都存入集中器2的路由表。集中器2完成对各采集器3的邻居表的获取后，根据各采集器3的网络地址及路径向各采集器3发送入网广播信号，接收到入网广播信号的采集器3向集中器反馈入网确认信号，从而完成入网。
上述组网方式是一种广播组网方式，组网结束后，就可以按照上述抄表流程进行抄表了。但是，即便按照上述方法进行组网，还是可能有未加入该集中器2的路由表的采集器3，同时，还可能有新的采集器3请求加入集中器2的路由表。如图1所示，对于还未加入该集中器2的路由表的采集器3，集中器2可根据其网络地址依次向各还未加入集中器路由表的采集器3发送入网单播信号，接收到入网单播信号的采集器3向集中器2反馈入网确认信号，完成入网。这种组网方式不同于集中器2的广播组网方式，属于点名组网方式，采用点名组网方式的组网过程可中断，可在集中器2完成其他通讯工作后继续进行组网。同时，由于采用这种入网方式时，这些待入网的采集器3不进行广播，大大减小了对其他采集器3及集中器2进行抄表时的干扰。
当然，对于还未加入该集中器2的路由表的采集器3以及新加入的采集器3（游离的采集器），还可以通过如图1所示的游离的采集器的组网方式组网，具体流程如下：
游离的采集器3侦听集中器2的网络中的报文，这些报文中包含有路径信息，游离的采集器3通过解析这些路径信息可找出离集中器2最短的路径，然后，采集器3可按照该最短路径通过已经入网的采集器3向集中器2发送入网请求，从而完成入网。同时，游离的采集器3还可以通过广播方式主动通过已加入集中器2的路由表的其他采集器3广播入网请求，等待被集中器2发现，从而实现入网。
采集器3加入了集中器2的路由表后，为了网络通讯发生冲突，集中器2为每个入网的采集器3都分配了一个ID号，采集器3可根据该ID号确定其与所述集中器2通讯的时间顺序，每个采集器3都按照各自的时间顺序与集中器2进行通讯，从而避免多个采集器3同时与集中器2进行通讯而发生冲突。
无线组网范围覆盖广，并且不受线路约束，造成的一个问题是如果同一个地区需要部署多个独立的无线通信网时，会产生干扰。解决的办法是集中器2和采集器3将各自使用的频段划分为若干带宽更小的信道，按不同算法使各自选用信道对应。集中器2及采集器3选择信道的流程分别如下：
集中器2选择信道的流程：集中器2设置若干连续时间段，在第一个时间段内对所有信道进行侦听，如果在某信道侦听到不属于该集中器2的网络的信号，则在下一个时间段取消对该信道的侦听，以此类推直到所有时间段侦听完毕后，选取余下被侦听的信道中RSSI值最小的信道作为工作信道；
采集器3选择信道的流程：采集器3对四个信道的入网广播信号或入网单播信号进行侦听，入网后选择与集中器同样的信道作为工作信道，并对其他信道保持侦听。支持4个信道分时组网可提高组网效率，组网成功后，保持其他信道的广播入网侦听，以应对主节点工作信道变更的情况。
在大规模的采集器3未入网时，集中器2通过广播组网建立起基本的网络。由于某些原因没有在广播时入网的少数采集器3，以广播方式继续探测，所耗时间较多，使得需要等待漫长的时间才能开始进行抄表。因此，如果集中器2单纯只做广播组网，那么那些未入网的少数采集器3，只能在等待一段较长时间后，以游离的采集器3的入网方式入网。对于这些少数的从节点，更适宜用点名的方式进行组网，通过发送单播信号的方式搜索采集器3，从而将其纳入网络。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种无线自动中继组网的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    集中器发送广播信号；
    第一级采集器侦听到该广播信号并转发，第二级采集器侦听到转发的广播信号并继续转发；以此类推直到网络路由层数达到限制；
    各级采集器将侦听到的其他采集器的网络地址存入自身邻居表；
    集中器将第一级采集器的网络地址作为集中器的下一级网络地址存入集中器路由表，并向第一级采集器发送获取第一级采集器邻居表请求；
    第一级采集器根据所述请求将其邻居表发送给集中器，集中器将第一级采集器邻居表中属于第二级采集器的网络地址作为第一级采集器的下一级网络地址存入集中器路由表，并向第二级采集器发送获取第二级采集器邻居表请求；以此类推直到所有能够被侦听到的采集器的网络地址都存入集中器路由表；
    集中器根据集中器路由表向各采集器发送入网信号，接收到所述入网广播信号的采集器向所述集中器反馈入网确认信号以完成入网；
    当入网的采集器比例达到设定值后，所述集中器依次向各还未入网的采集器发送入网单播信号，接收到所述入网单播入网信号的采集器向所述集中器反馈入网确认信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：
    所述集中器为入网的采集器分配一个ID号，该采集器可根据该ID号确定其与所述集中器通讯的时间顺序。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：
    所述集中器设置若干连续时间段，在第一个时间段内对所有信道进行侦听，如果在某信道侦听到不属于该集中器的网络的信号，则在下一个时间段取消对该信道的侦听，以此类推直到所有时间段侦听完毕后，选取余下被侦听的信道中RSSI值最小的信道作为工作信道。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：
    所述采集器对四个信道的入网广播信号或入网单播信号进行侦听，入网后选择与集中器同样的信道作为工作信道，并对其他信道保持侦听。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：
    还未加入所述集中器路由表的采集器通过已加入所述集中器路由表的采集器广播入网请求信号。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括如下步骤：
    还未加入所述集中器路由表的采集器侦听所述集中器的网络中传输的报文，从中解析出路径信息，并选择最短路径向所述集中器发送入网请求。
  7. 一种无线自动中继组网的抄表系统，包括集中器及若干级采集器；所述采集器与电表连接，用于采集电表数据；所述集中器与所述采集器无线连接，用于集中各采集器所采集的电表数据并发送到抄表中心；其特征在于：
    所述集中器用于发送广播信号；
    第一级采集器用于侦听该广播信号并转发，第二级采集器用于侦听转发的广播信号并继续转发；以此类推直到网络路由层数达到限制；
    各级采集器还用于将侦听到的其他采集器的网络地址存入自身邻居表；
    集中器用于将第一级采集器的网络地址作为集中器的下一级网络地址存入集中器路由表，并向第一级采集器发送获取第一级采集器邻居表请求；
    第一级采集器还用于根据所述请求将其邻居表发送给集中器，集中器还用于将第一级采集器邻居表中属于第二级采集器的网络地址作为第一级采集器的下一级网络地址存入集中器路由表，并向第二级采集器发送获取第二级采集器邻居表请求；以此类推直到所有能够被侦听到的采集器的网络地址都存入集中器路由表；
    集中器还用于根据各采集器的网络地址向所有采集器发送入网广播信号，采集器还用于当接收到所述入网广播信号时向所述集中器反馈入网确认信号，从而完成入网；
    所述集中器还用于当入网的采集器比例达到设定值后向各还未入网的采集器发送入网单播信号，接收到所述入网单播入网信号的采集器用于向所述集中器反馈入网确认信号，从而完成入网。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述集中器还用于为入网的采集器分配一个ID号，该采集器可根据该ID号确定其与所述集中器通讯的时间顺序。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述集中器还用于设置若干连续时间段，在第一个时间段内对所有信道进行侦听，如果在某信道侦听到不属于该集中器的网络的信号，则在下一个时间段取消对该信道的侦听，以此类推直到所有时间段侦听完毕后，选取余下被侦听的信道中RSSI值最小的信道作为工作信道。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述采集器还用于在入网前分时侦听所有信道，入网后选择与集中器同样的信道作为工作信道并另外选择至少两个信道进行侦听。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，还未加入所述集中器路由表的采集器用于通过已加入所述集中器路由表的采集器广播入网请求信号。
  12. 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，还未加入所述集中器路由表的采集器用于侦听所述集中器的网络中传输的报文，从中解析出路径信息，并选择最短路径向所述集中器发送入网请求。
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CN102761930A (zh) * 2011-04-29 2012-10-31 深圳市友讯达科技发展有限公司 Cfda自组网中路由建立的方法及系统
CN102761976A (zh) * 2011-04-29 2012-10-31 深圳市友讯达科技发展有限公司 Cfda中集中器自组网的方法及集中器
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CN107968850A (zh) * 2017-12-02 2018-04-27 杭州海兴电力科技股份有限公司 电力线载波的台区识别系统及方法
CN112423364A (zh) * 2020-11-06 2021-02-26 青岛安然物联网科技有限公司 一种无线移动式自组通信方法和系统
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