WO2015097965A1

WO2015097965A1 - Planar light-emitting body, and lighting device and building material using said planar light-emitting body

Info

Publication number: WO2015097965A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/005599
Authority: WO
Inventors: 裕子鈴鹿; 太田　益幸
Original assignee: パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority date: 2013-12-25
Filing date: 2014-11-07
Publication date: 2015-07-02
Also published as: TW201545597A

Abstract

This planar light-emitting body (100) contains a planar light-emitting section (10), a variable light-scattering section (20), and a variable light-reflecting section (30). The planar light-emitting section (10) comprises a light-transmitting organic electroluminescent element. The degree to which the variable light-scattering section (20) scatters light can be changed, as can the degree to which the variable light-reflecting section (30) reflects light. The planar light-emitting body (100) has a first surface (F1), which is designed so as to extract light from the planar light-emitting section (10), and a second surface (F2) on the opposite side from said first surface (F1). The variable light-scattering section (20), the planar light-emitting section (10), and the variable light-reflecting section (30) are laid out between the first surface (F1) and the second surface (F2) in the thickness direction. The variable light-reflecting section (30) is closer to the second surface (F2) than either the planar light-emitting section (10) or the variable light-scattering section (20) is.

Description

Planar light emitter, lighting device and building material using the same

A planar light emitter, a lighting device using the same, and a building material are disclosed. More specifically, a planar light emitter, an illuminating device, and a building material using an organic electroluminescence element are disclosed.

In recent years, organic electroluminescence elements (hereinafter also referred to as “organic EL elements”) have been applied to applications such as lighting panels. As an organic EL element, an element having two electrodes as a pair and an organic light emitting layer constituted by one or a plurality of layers disposed between these electrodes and including a light emitting layer is known. One of the pair of electrodes functions as an anode, and the other functions as a cathode. In the organic EL element, by applying a voltage between the anode and the cathode, light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted to the outside through the light transmissive electrode.

The organic EL element has a small thickness and emits light in a planar shape, and thus is used as a planar light emitter. Planar light emitters equipped with organic EL elements are expected as next-generation illumination. Therefore, various proposals for improving the light emission characteristics have been made.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-201209 discloses an organic EL element having an optical layer that changes the traveling direction of light. By providing an optical layer, an organic EL element capable of changing optical characteristics is obtained. When the optical characteristics change, it is possible to construct an unprecedented lighting device. However, in next-generation illumination, development of further organic EL elements having excellent optical characteristics is desired.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a planar light emitter excellent in optical characteristics.

A planar light emitter is disclosed. The planar light emitter is composed of a planar light-emitting unit composed of an organic electroluminescent element having light transparency, a light scattering variable unit that can change the degree of light scattering, and light that can change the degree of light reflection. And a reflection variable section. The planar light emitter has a first surface configured to extract light from the planar light emitting unit, and a second surface disposed on the opposite side of the first surface. The light scattering variable portion, the planar light emitting portion, and the light reflection variable portion are disposed in the thickness direction between the first surface and the second surface. The light reflection variable part is disposed closer to the second surface than the planar light emitting part and the light scattering variable part.

A lighting device is disclosed. The lighting device includes the planar light emitter and a power feeding unit.

Construction materials will be disclosed. A building material includes the planar light emitter and a power feeding unit.

The planar light-emitting body of the present disclosure can create an optically different state by having a planar light-emitting part, a light scattering variable part, and a light reflection variable part. Further, since the light reflection variable portion is arranged on the second surface side of the planar light emitting portion and the light scattering variable portion, it is possible to obtain highly efficient light emission. As a result, a planar light emitter excellent in optical characteristics can be obtained.

3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the planar light emitter of Embodiment 1. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to Embodiment 4. FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a fifth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a sixth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a seventh embodiment. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to an eighth embodiment. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter of Embodiment 9. FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a tenth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to an eleventh embodiment. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a part of a planar light emitter of Embodiment 12. FIG. FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a thirteenth embodiment. FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a fourteenth embodiment. FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a fifteenth embodiment. FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a sixteenth embodiment. FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a seventeenth embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to an eighteenth embodiment. FIG. 20 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a nineteenth embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a twentieth embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a twenty-first embodiment. FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a twenty-second embodiment. FIG. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a planar light emitter according to a twenty-third embodiment. FIG. 24 is configured by FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B. FIG. 24A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a light-transmitting electrode. FIG. 24B is a schematic plan view illustrating an example of auxiliary wiring. FIG. 25 is configured by FIGS. 25A to 25E. FIG. 25 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a method for manufacturing a planar light emitter. 25A to 25E show the respective steps. FIG. 26 is configured by FIGS. 26A to 26G. 26A to 26G are explanatory views showing the states of the planar light emitter. FIG. 27 is configured by FIGS. 27A to 27C. 27A to 27C are schematic perspective views showing an example of the illumination device. It is a schematic perspective view which shows an example of the window using a planar light-emitting body.

A planar light emitter 100 is disclosed. The planar light emitter 100 includes a planar light emitting unit 10 composed of a light-transmitting organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element), a light scattering variable unit 20 that can change the degree of light scattering, and light reflection. And a light reflection variable unit 30 capable of changing the degree of the property. The planar light emitter 100 has a first surface F1 configured to extract light from the planar light emitting unit 10 and a second surface F2 disposed on the opposite side of the first surface F1. . The light scattering variable unit 20, the planar light emitting unit 10, and the light reflection variable unit 30 are arranged in the thickness direction between the first surface F1 and the second surface F2. The light reflection variable unit 30 is disposed on the second surface F2 side with respect to the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20.

In the planar light emitter 100, by having the planar light emitting unit 10, the light scattering variable unit 20, and the light reflection variable unit 30, an optically different state can be created. In addition, since the light reflection variable portion 30 is arranged on the second surface F2 side with respect to the planar light emitting portion 10 and the light scattering variable portion 20, highly efficient light emission can be obtained. As a result, it is possible to obtain the planar light emitter 100 having excellent optical characteristics.

1 to 23 show Embodiments 1 to 23, respectively. Embodiments 1 to 23 all have the above-described configuration. Therefore, optically different states can be created, and light can be emitted with high efficiency, so that excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.

First, common parts of Embodiments 1 to 23 will be described. In addition, about a common part, you may refer each figure so that it may be easy to understand, for example, you may refer FIG. Each embodiment shows a representative example, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIGS. Each drawing schematically shows the planar light emitter so that it can be easily understood, and the actual dimensional relationship and the like of the planar light emitter may be different from the drawings. Further, unless otherwise noted, in each drawing, the same reference numerals denote the same components, and the description given regarding the configuration of the reference symbols can be applied to other embodiments.

The planar light emitter 100 has a plurality of electrodes 5. The plurality of electrodes 5 are light transmissive. Thereby, the planar light-emitting body 100 with a high optical characteristic can be obtained. The electrode 5 functions as an electrode for driving the planar light emitter 100. The planar light emitter 100 can exhibit a state of being transparent as a whole.

The electrode 5 can be composed of a transparent conductive layer. As a material for the transparent conductive layer, a transparent metal oxide, a conductive particle-containing resin, a metal thin film, or the like can be used. The electrode 5 may be made of a conductive material optimized in each part. As a preferable material for the electrode 5 having optical transparency, transparent metal oxides such as ITO and IZO are exemplified. The electrode 5 made of a transparent metal oxide is preferably used for the electrode 5 of the planar light emitting unit 10. The electrode 5 may be a layer containing silver nanowires or a transparent metal layer such as thin film silver. Alternatively, a transparent metal oxide layer and a metal layer may be laminated. Further, as will be described later, the electrode 5 may be one in which the auxiliary wiring 5f is provided in the transparent conductive layer 5e (see FIG. 24).

The electrode 5 preferably has a heat shielding effect. Thereby, since heat transfer can be suppressed, heat insulation can be enhanced. High heat insulation is advantageous for building materials. Since the transparent metal oxide can have a heat shielding effect, it is useful as a material for the electrode 5. In particular, ITO has a high heat shielding effect.

The electrode 5 may be configured to be electrically connected to an external power source. The planar light-emitting body 100 may have an electrode pad, an electrical connection part that electrically collects the electrode pad, and the like in order to connect to the power supply 50. The electrical connection part may be constituted by a plug or the like.

The electrode 5 is connected to the power source 50 by the wiring 53. When an external power source is used as the power source 50, the planar light emitter 100 may be configured by a part up to the middle of the wiring 53 (part up to a plug or the like). When the power source 50 is an internal power source, the planar light emitter 100 may include the power source 50.

The planar light emitter 100 preferably has a plurality of substrates 6. The plurality of substrates 6 are light transmissive. Thereby, the planar light-emitting body 100 with a high optical characteristic can be obtained. The substrate 6 can function as a substrate for supporting each layer of the planar light emitter 100. The substrate 6 can function as a substrate for sealing each layer of the planar light emitter 100. The plurality of substrates 6 are arranged in the thickness direction.

The planar light-emitting body 100 is preferably one in which the planar light-emitting unit 10, the light scattering variable unit 20, and the light reflection variable unit 30 are disposed between two opposing substrates 6. Thereby, each part can be protected by the substrate 6. It is preferable that the substrate 6 is disposed on the surfaces on both sides of the planar light emitter 100. The two opposing substrates 6 become the substrates 6 at the end in the thickness direction. The planar light emitter 100 may have one or a plurality of other substrates 6 between two opposing substrates 6 arranged at the end in the thickness direction.

The plurality of substrates 6 are bonded at the ends. Adhesion is performed by an adhesive. An adhesive portion 7 is formed from an adhesive. A gap is provided between adjacent substrates 6 in the thickness direction. The layers constituting each part of the planar light emitter 100 are disposed in the gaps between the substrates 6. The gap between the adjacent substrates 6 is provided with the bonding portion 7 as a spacer. It is preferable that the adhesion part 7 has moisture resistance. Thereby, deterioration of the planar light emitter 100 can be suppressed.

Resin can be used as the material of the bonding part 7. As the resin, it is preferable to use a thermosetting resin, an ultraviolet curable resin, or the like. The bonding portion 7 may include a spacer material such as particles. Thereby, the thickness of the gap between the substrates 6 can be ensured.

Here, the thickness direction is the vertical direction in each of FIGS. The thickness direction may be the same as the direction in which the layers are stacked. The thickness direction may be a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 6. In the planar light emitting body 100, in each of FIGS. 1 to 23, each layer can be considered to spread in the horizontal direction and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. In each figure, the surface direction may be referred to as a horizontal direction and a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.

As the substrate 6, a glass substrate, a resin substrate, or the like can be used. When the substrate 6 is composed of a glass substrate, since the glass is highly transparent, it is possible to obtain the planar light emitter 100 having excellent optical characteristics. Further, since glass has low moisture permeability, moisture can be prevented from entering the sealed region. Further, when a resin substrate is used as the substrate 6, since the resin is not easily broken, a safe planar light emitter 100 in which scattering at the time of breakage is suppressed can be obtained. Further, when a resin substrate is used, it is possible to obtain a flexible planar light emitter 100.

Among the plurality of substrates 6, the two substrates 6 arranged on the outside are preferably glass substrates. Thereby, the planar light-emitting body 100 with excellent optical characteristics can be obtained. All of the plurality of substrates 6 may be glass substrates. In that case, optical conditions can be easily controlled, and optical characteristics can be enhanced. Any one or more of the inner substrates 6 may be a resin substrate. In that case, the scattering at the time of destruction can be suppressed and the safe planar light-emitting body 100 can be obtained. The surface of the substrate 6 may be covered with an antifouling material. In that case, contamination on the surface of the substrate 6 can be reduced. The antifouling material is preferably coated on the outer surface of the substrate 6 disposed outside. Moreover, when the board | substrate 6 is a resin substrate, the surface may be coat | covered with the moisture proof material. In that case, sealing performance can be improved.

In each embodiment, the plurality of substrates 6 are numbered as the substrate 6a, the substrate 6b, the substrate 6c, the substrate 6d,... From the first surface F1 side. Of course, this numbering is for convenience of explanation.

The planar light emitting unit 10 is composed of a light-transmitting organic EL element. The organic EL element may be transparent. The organic EL element may be translucent. In order to enhance optical characteristics, the organic EL element is preferably transparent. A moisture-proof material may be coated on the organic EL element. In this case, the sealing performance can be improved. It is preferable that the moisture-proof material is transparent.

The planar light emitting unit 10 includes a pair of

electrodes

5a and 5b and an organic light emitting layer 1 disposed between the pair of

electrodes

5a and 5b. An organic EL element is an element which has the structure by which the organic light emitting layer 1 is arrange | positioned between the electrode 5a and the electrode 5b. By forming the planar light emitting unit 10 with an organic EL element, it is possible to form a thin and transparent light emitter with excellent optical characteristics. The organic light emitting layer 1 has light transmittance. The

electrodes

5a and 5b are light transmissive. Therefore, at the time of light emission, the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer 1 can be emitted to both sides in the thickness direction. Further, when no light is emitted, light can be transmitted from one side to the other side.

The electrode 5a and the electrode 5b are a pair of electrodes. One of the electrode 5a and the electrode 5b constitutes an anode, and the other constitutes a cathode. The electrode 5a is disposed on the first surface F1 side, and the electrode 5b is disposed on the second surface F2 side. The electrode 5a is an electrode on the light extraction side. In each figure, an example is shown in which the electrode 5a is constituted by a cathode and the electrode 5b is constituted by an anode. However, the electrode 5a may be constituted by an anode and the electrode 5b may be constituted by a cathode. .

The organic light emitting layer 1 is a layer having a function of causing light emission, and is appropriately selected from a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer (a layer containing a light emitting material), an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an intermediate layer, and the like. It can be constituted by a plurality of functional layers. Of course, the organic light emitting layer 1 may be composed of a single light emitting layer. In the organic EL element, a voltage is applied to the electrode 5a and the electrode 5b, and electricity is caused to flow between them, whereby light is emitted by combining holes and electrons in the organic light emitting layer 1 (particularly the light emitting material-containing layer). Let

The planar light emitting unit 10 is disposed between adjacent substrates 6. The planar light emitting unit 10 is sealed by being disposed between the two substrates 6. By the sealing, the deterioration of the organic light emitting layer 1 is suppressed. The two substrates 6 are a pair. Usually, an organic EL element is formed by lamination. At that time, a formation substrate for stacking is required. The formation substrate is formed of at least one of the pair of substrates 6. The substrate 6 facing the formation substrate is a sealing substrate. The sealing substrate is formed of the pair of substrates 6 that is not the formation substrate.

The organic EL element emits light in the organic light emitting layer 1 by passing electricity between the electrode 5a and the electrode 5b. The electrode 5 a and the electrode 5 b are electrically connected to the power source 50 through a wiring 53. By supplying power from the power supply 50, a current flows through the organic EL element. The organic EL element power supply 50 is constituted by a DC power supply 51. In the organic EL element, the direction of current is generally one direction. Stable light emission can be obtained by the DC power source 51. In each drawing of the embodiment, the electrode 5a serves as a cathode and is electrically connected to the cathode of the DC power supply 51, and the electrode 5b serves as an anode and is electrically connected to the anode of the DC power supply 51. Of course, the direction of the current may be reversed. The light emission color of the organic EL element may be white, blue, green, or red. Of course, it may be an intermediate color between blue and green or green and red. Further, the color may be adjusted by the applied current.

The light scattering variable portion 20 is a portion where the light scattering property changes. The light scattering variable unit 20 is configured to be capable of changing the degree of light scattering. The fact that the degree of light scattering can be changed may mean that the high scattering state and the low scattering state can be changed. Alternatively, the fact that the degree of light scattering property can be changed may mean that the state having light scattering property and the state having no light scattering property can be changed. If the degree of light scattering can be changed, the optical state can be changed, and the planar light-emitting body 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained. The light scattering variable portion 20 may be formed in a layer shape.

The high scattering state is a state where the light scattering property is high. The high scattering state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface changes its traveling direction into various directions due to scattering and is dispersed and emitted to the other surface. The high scattering state may be a state in which an object appears blurry when an object existing from one surface side to the other surface side is viewed. The highly scattering state can be a translucent state. When the light scattering variable unit 20 exhibits light scattering properties, the light scattering variable unit 20 functions as a scattering layer that scatters light.

The low scattering state is a state where light scattering property is low or light scattering property is not present. The low scattering state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface is emitted to the other surface while maintaining the traveling direction as it is. The low scattering state may be a state where an object can be clearly visually recognized when an object existing on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side. The low scattering state can be a transparent state.

The light scattering variable unit 20 exhibits a light scattering property between a high scattering state having a high light scattering property, a low scattering state having a low light scattering property or no light scattering property, and a high scattering state and a low scattering state. It is preferable that it is comprised so that it can have a state. The ability to exhibit light scattering properties between the high scattering state and the low scattering state can impart moderate light scattering properties, so that the optical state can be varied highly and optically. The characteristics can be further improved. Here, a state that exhibits light scattering between the high scattering state and the low scattering state is referred to as a medium scattering state.

The medium scattering state may have at least one scattering state between the high scattering state and the low scattering state. For example, if the light scattering property can be changed by switching between three states of a high scattering state, a medium scattering state, and a low scattering state, the optical characteristics are improved. It is a preferable aspect that the medium scattering state has a plurality of states in which the degree of scattering is in a plurality of stages between the high scattering state and the low scattering state. Thereby, since the degree of scattering is in a plurality of stages, the optical characteristics can be further improved. For example, if the light scattering property can be changed in a stepwise manner by switching a plurality of states of a high scattering state, a plurality of medium scattering states, and a low scattering state, the optical characteristics are improved. It is a preferable aspect that the medium scattering state is configured to continuously change from the high scattering state to the low scattering state between the high scattering state and the low scattering state. Thereby, since the degree of scattering changes continuously, the optical state can be changed with high variation, and the optical characteristics can be further improved. For example, if the light scattering property can be changed between a high scattering state and a low scattering state so as to exhibit the desired light scattering property, an intermediate state can be created, so that the optical characteristics are improved. . When the light scattering variable unit 20 has a medium scattering state, the light scattering variable unit 20 is preferably configured to maintain the medium scattering state.

The light scattering variable unit 20 may scatter at least a part of visible light. The light scattering variable unit 20 is preferably one that scatters all visible light. Of course, the light scattering variable unit 20 may scatter infrared rays or scatter ultraviolet rays.

The light scattering variable unit 20 is preferably configured so as to be able to change at least one of the scattering amount and the scattering direction. The change in the scattering amount and the scattering direction may be performed in a medium scattering state. Changing the amount of scattering means changing the intensity of scattering. Changing the scattering direction means changing the directionality of scattering. When the amount of scattering and the direction of scattering change, for example, when an object on the opposite side of the planar light emitter 100 is visually recognized, the intensity of ambiguity (blurring) of the object changes. Therefore, it is possible to change the appearance of an object through the planar light emitter 100 when no light is emitted, or to control the light distribution of the light generated by the planar light emitting unit 10 during light emission. The optical characteristics can be improved.

In a state where the light scattering variable portion 20 exhibits light scattering properties, the light scattering variable portion 20 has a scattering property for light in a direction from the second surface F2 to the first surface F1 rather than light in a direction from the first surface F1 to the second surface F2. Is preferably high. Thereby, since the light from the planar light emission part 10 can be scattered more, an optical characteristic can be improved. Of course, the light scattering variable portion 20 is in a state of exhibiting light scattering properties, and includes light in a direction from the first surface F1 toward the second surface F2 and light in a direction from the second surface F2 toward the first surface F1. The light scattering properties may be the same. Alternatively, the light scattering variable unit 20 exhibits light scattering properties, and light in a direction from the first surface F1 toward the second surface F2 is light in a direction from the second surface F2 toward the first surface F1. The light scattering property may be higher than that.

The light scattering variable portion 20 can be formed with an appropriate structure capable of changing the degree of light scattering. The light scattering variable unit 20 may be an electric field modulation, a temperature modulation, or the like. Electric field modulation is a method in which the light scattering property is changed by applying an electric field. Temperature modulation is a method in which the light scattering property changes with temperature.

The planar light emitter 100 is preferably configured so that the light scattering property of the light scattering variable portion 20 can be controlled. For example, in the temperature modulation method, the light scattering property may change due to a change in the external temperature, but if the light scattering property depends on the external temperature, there is a possibility that desired optical characteristics cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is preferable that the light scattering property is controlled. In the temperature modulation, the temperature can be controlled by a heater or a cooler. However, temperature control is not easier than electric field control. Therefore, the light scattering variable unit 20 is preferably electric field modulation. Since the light scattering property can be easily changed by the electric field, the optical characteristics can be improved. In each embodiment, the electric field modulation light scattering variable unit 20 is used. The electric field modulation light scattering variable unit 20 will be described below.

The light scattering variable unit 20 is configured to be capable of transmitting light. In the high scattering state, the light scattering variable unit 20 may be translucent. In the low scattering state, the light scattering variable unit 20 may be transparent. In the medium scattering state, the light scattering variable unit 20 may be translucent with higher transparency than in the high scattering state.

The light scattering variable section 20 includes a pair of

electrodes

5x and 5y and a light scattering variable layer 2 disposed between the pair of

electrodes

5x and 5y. In the pair of

electrodes

5x and 5y, the electrode 5x is disposed on the first surface F1 side, and the electrode 5y is disposed on the second surface F2 side. The light scattering variable unit 20 has a configuration in which the light scattering variable layer 2 is disposed between the electrode 5x and the electrode 5y. By configuring the light scattering variable portion 20 with the light scattering variable layer 2, a thin light scattering structure with excellent optical characteristics can be formed. The light scattering variable layer 2 is a layer whose light scattering property changes. The light scattering variable layer 2 has at least a high scattering state and a low scattering state. The light scattering variable layer 2 preferably has a medium scattering state. The electrode 5x and the electrode 5y have optical transparency. Therefore, when the light scattering variable layer 2 has a light scattering property, the light incident on the light scattering variable portion 20 can be scattered. In addition, when the light scattering variable layer 2 is not in a light scattering state, the light incident on the light scattering variable portion 20 can be emitted as it is.

The light scattering variable portion 20 is disposed between the adjacent substrates 6. The light scattering variable portion 20 is sealed between the two substrates 6 by being disposed. By sealing, the light-scattering variable layer 2 is hold | maintained and the deterioration is further suppressed. The two substrates 6 are a pair. Usually, the light scattering variable portion 20 is formed by stacking. At that time, a formation substrate for stacking is required. The formation substrate is formed of at least one of the pair of substrates 6. The substrate 6 facing the formation substrate is a sealing substrate. The sealing substrate is formed of the pair of substrates 6 that is not the formation substrate.

The light scattering variable unit 20 changes the degree of light scattering in the light scattering variable layer 2 by applying a voltage between the electrode 5x and the electrode 5y. The electrode 5x and the electrode 5y are electrically connected to the power source 50 through a wiring 53. By supplying power from the power supply 50, a voltage is applied to the light scattering variable unit 20. The power supply 50 of the light scattering variable unit 20 is constituted by an AC power supply 52. There are many materials whose light scattering property changes due to an electric field, and it becomes impossible to maintain the light scattering state at the time of voltage application as time passes from the start of voltage application. In the AC power supply 52, a voltage can be alternately applied in both directions, and a voltage can be applied substantially continuously by changing the direction of the voltage. Therefore, stable light scattering can be obtained by the AC power supply 52. The AC waveform is preferably a rectangular wave. Thereby, the amount of voltage to be applied is likely to be constant, so that it becomes possible to stabilize the light scattering property. Of course, the alternating current may be a pulse. Note that the intermediate scattering state can be formed by controlling the amount of voltage applied.

As the material of the light scattering variable layer 2, a material whose molecular orientation is changed by electric field modulation can be used. For example, a liquid crystal material etc. are mentioned. As a material of the light scattering variable layer 2, it is preferable to use a polymer dispersed liquid crystal. In the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, since the liquid crystal is held by the polymer, the stable light scattering variable layer 2 can be formed. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal is called PDLC. In addition, as a material of the light-scattering variable layer 2, a solid substance whose scattering property is changed by an electric field is also preferably used.

The polymer dispersed liquid crystal may be composed of a resin portion and a liquid crystal portion. The resin part is formed of a polymer. It is preferable that the resin part has optical transparency. Thereby, the light scattering variable portion 20 can be made light transmissive. The resin portion can be formed of a thermosetting resin, an ultraviolet curable resin, or the like. The liquid crystal part is a part where the liquid crystal structure is changed by an electric field. A nematic liquid crystal or the like is used for the liquid crystal part. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is a preferred embodiment having a structure in which the liquid crystal portion is present in a dot shape in the resin portion. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal may have a sea-island structure in which the resin portion forms the sea and the liquid crystal portion forms the island. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is a preferable embodiment in which the liquid crystal part is irregularly connected in a mesh shape in the resin part. Of course, the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal may have a structure in which the resin part is present in a dot shape in the liquid crystal part, or in which the resin part is irregularly connected in a mesh shape in the liquid crystal part.

The light scattering variable unit 20 is preferably in a light scattering state when no voltage is applied and in a light transmission state when a voltage is applied. Such control can be performed in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal. This is because the alignment of liquid crystals can be made uniform by applying a voltage. In the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, the light scattering variable portion 20 that is thin and has high scattering properties can be formed. Of course, the light scattering variable unit 20 may be in a light transmission state when no voltage is applied and in a light scattering state when a voltage is applied.

The light scattering variable layer 2 is a preferred embodiment in which the light scattering state is maintained when a voltage is applied. Thereby, a voltage is applied when it is desired to change the light scattering state, and it is not necessary to apply a voltage when it is not, so that the power efficiency is increased. The property of maintaining the light scattering state is called hysteresis. This property may be called memory property (memory property). Hysteresis can be exerted by applying a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage. The longer the time during which the light scattering state is maintained, the better. For example, it is preferably 1 hour or longer, more preferably 3 hours or longer, further preferably 6 hours or longer, more preferably 12 hours or longer, more preferably 24 hours or longer. More preferable.

The light reflection variable portion 30 is a portion where the light reflectivity changes. The light reflection variable unit 30 is configured so that the degree of light reflectivity can be changed. The fact that the degree of light reflectivity can be changed may mean that the high reflection state and the low reflection state can be changed. Alternatively, the fact that the degree of light reflectivity can be changed may mean that the state having light reflectivity and the state having no light reflectivity can be changed. If the degree of light reflectivity can be changed, the optical state can be changed, and the planar light-emitting body 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained. The light reflection variable portion 30 may be formed in a layer shape.

The high reflection state is a state with high light reflectivity. The high reflection state is, for example, a state in which light incident on one surface is changed to the opposite direction due to reflection and is emitted to the incident side. The highly reflective state may be a state in which an object existing on one surface side from the other surface side cannot be visually recognized. The high reflection state may be a state in which an object existing on the same surface side is visually recognized when the light reflection variable unit 30 is viewed from one surface side. The highly reflective state can be a mirror state. When the light reflection variable unit 30 exhibits light reflectivity, the light reflection variable unit 30 functions as a reflection layer that reflects light.

The low reflection state is a state where light reflectivity is low or no light reflectivity. The low reflection state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface is emitted to the other surface while maintaining the traveling direction as it is. The low reflection state may be a state in which an object can be clearly visually recognized when an object existing on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side. The low reflection state can be a transparent state.

The light reflection variable unit 30 exhibits a light reflection property between a high reflection state with high light reflection property, a low reflection state with low light reflection property or no light reflection property, and a high reflection state and a low reflection state. It is preferable that it is comprised so that it can have a state. The ability to exhibit light reflectivity between the high reflection state and the low reflection state can provide moderate light reflectivity, so that the optical state can be varied highly and optically. The characteristics can be further improved. Here, a state that exhibits light reflectivity between the high reflection state and the low reflection state is referred to as a medium reflection state.

The intermediate reflection state may have at least one reflection state between the high reflection state and the low reflection state. For example, if the light reflectivity can be changed by switching between three states of a high reflection state, a medium reflection state, and a low reflection state, the optical characteristics are improved. It is preferable that the intermediate reflection state has a plurality of states in which the degree of reflectivity is in a plurality of stages between the high reflection state and the low reflection state. Thereby, since the degree of reflectivity is in a plurality of stages, the optical characteristics can be further improved. For example, if the light reflectivity can be changed stepwise by switching between a plurality of states of a high reflection state, a plurality of medium reflection states, and a low reflection state, the optical characteristics are improved. It is a preferable aspect that the intermediate reflection state is configured to continuously change from the high reflection state to the low reflection state between the high reflection state and the low reflection state. Thereby, since the degree of reflectivity changes continuously, the optical state can be changed with high variations, and the optical characteristics can be further improved. For example, if the light reflectivity can be changed between a high reflection state and a low reflection state so as to exhibit the desired light reflectivity, an intermediate state can be created, so that the optical characteristics are improved. . When the light reflection variable unit 30 has the intermediate reflection state, the light reflection variable unit 30 is preferably configured to maintain the intermediate reflection state.

The light reflection variable unit 30 may reflect at least a part of visible light. It is preferable that the light reflection variable unit 30 reflects all visible light. The light reflection variable unit 30 may reflect infrared rays. The light reflection variable unit 30 may reflect ultraviolet rays. When the light reflection variable portion 30 reflects all visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light, a stable planar light emitting body 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.

The light reflection variable unit 30 is preferably configured so as to be able to change the shape of the reflection spectrum. The change in the reflection spectrum may be performed in the middle reflection state. The change in the shape of the reflection spectrum means that the spectrum shape of the light incident on the light reflection variable unit 30 and the light reflected by the light reflection variable unit 30 are different. The reflection spectrum is changed by changing the reflection wavelength. For example, the shape of the reflection spectrum changes by strongly reflecting only blue light, strongly reflecting only green light, or strongly reflecting only red light. When the reflection spectrum changes, the color of light extracted from the planar light emitting unit 10 changes. Therefore, toning (color adjustment) can be performed, and optical characteristics can be improved.

The light reflection variable unit 30 is preferably configured so as to be able to reflect light without changing the shape of the reflection spectrum. In that case, since there is no change in the spectrum between the incident light and the reflected light, the degree of reflection can be simply weakened. When it becomes possible to control the intensity of the reflectivity, light control (brightness adjustment) can be performed, and optical characteristics can be improved.

In a state where the light reflection variable unit 30 exhibits light reflectivity, the light reflection variable unit 30 is more reflective to light in the direction from the first surface F1 to the second surface F2 than in the direction from the second surface F2 to the first surface F1. Is preferably high. Thereby, since the light from the planar light emission part 10 can be reflected more, an optical characteristic can be improved. Of course, the light reflection variable unit 30 exhibits light reflectivity between the light in the direction from the first surface F1 toward the second surface F2 and the light in the direction from the second surface F2 toward the first surface F1. The light reflectivity may be the same. Alternatively, the light reflection variable unit 30 exhibits light reflectivity, and light in the direction from the second surface F2 toward the first surface F1 is light in the direction from the first surface F1 toward the second surface F2. The light reflectivity may be higher than that.

The light reflection variable portion 30 can be formed with an appropriate structure that can change the degree of light reflectivity. The light reflection variable unit 30 may be an electric field modulation, a temperature modulation, a gas modulation, or the like. Electric field modulation is a method in which light reflectivity changes by applying an electric field. Temperature modulation is a method in which light reflectivity changes with temperature. Gas modulation is a method in which the light reflectivity is changed by supplying a gas.

The planar light emitter 100 is preferably configured so that the light reflectivity of the light reflection variable portion 30 can be controlled. For example, in the temperature modulation method, the light reflectivity may change due to a change in the external temperature, but if the light reflectivity depends on the external temperature, there is a possibility that desired optical characteristics cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is preferable that the light reflectivity is controlled. In the temperature modulation, the temperature can be controlled by a heater or a cooler. However, temperature control is not easier than electric field control. Gas modulation can be controlled by the presence or absence of gas supply. However, since gas supply requires gas piping and the like, the structure is likely to be complicated, and it is not easier than controlling the electric field. In addition, when a gas that is flammable or explosive, such as hydrogen gas, is used as a gas for gas modulation, a safety problem also occurs. Therefore, it is preferable that the light reflection variable unit 30 is electric field modulation. Since the light reflectivity can be easily changed by the electric field, the optical characteristics can be improved. In each embodiment, an electric field modulation light reflection variable unit 30 is used. The electric field modulation light reflection variable unit 30 will be described below.

The light reflection variable unit 30 is configured to be capable of transmitting light. In the high reflection state, the light reflection variable unit 30 may be opaque. In the high reflection state, the light reflection variable portion 30 is preferably in a mirror shape. In the low reflection state, the light reflection variable unit 30 may be transparent. In the intermediate reflection state, the light reflection variable unit 30 may be translucent. At this time, a part of the light may be reflected and a part of the light may be transmitted.

The light reflection variable section 30 includes a pair of

electrodes

5p and 5q, and a light reflection variable layer 3 disposed between the pair of

electrodes

5p and 5q. In the pair of

electrodes

5p and 5q, the electrode 5p is disposed on the first surface F1 side, and the electrode 5q is disposed on the second surface F2 side. The light reflection variable section 30 has a configuration in which the light reflection variable layer 3 is disposed between the electrode 5p and the electrode 5q. By configuring the light reflection variable portion 30 with the light reflection variable layer 3, it is possible to form a thin light reflection structure with excellent optical characteristics. The light reflection variable layer 3 is a layer whose light reflectivity changes. The light reflection variable layer 3 has at least a high reflection state and a low reflection state. The light reflection variable layer 3 preferably has a middle reflection state. The electrode 5p and the electrode 5q are light transmissive. Therefore, when the light reflection variable layer 3 has a light reflectivity, the light incident on the light reflection variable portion 30 can be reflected. Further, when the light reflection variable layer 3 is not in a light reflective state, the light incident on the light reflection variable portion 30 can be emitted as it is.

The light reflection variable portion 30 is disposed between the adjacent substrates 6. The light reflection variable portion 30 is disposed between the two substrates 6 to be sealed. By sealing, the light reflection variable layer 3 is held, and its deterioration is further suppressed. The two substrates 6 are a pair. Usually, the light reflection variable portion 30 is formed by lamination. At that time, a formation substrate for stacking is required. The formation substrate is formed of at least one of the pair of substrates 6. The substrate 6 facing the formation substrate is a sealing substrate. The sealing substrate is formed of the pair of substrates 6 that is not the formation substrate.

The light reflection variable portion 30 changes the degree of light reflectivity in the light reflection variable layer 3 by applying a voltage between the electrode 5p and the electrode 5q. The electrode 5p and the electrode 5q are electrically connected to the power source 50 through a wiring 53. By supplying power from the power supply 50, a voltage is applied to the light reflection variable unit 30. The power supply 50 of the light reflection variable unit 30 is constituted by an AC power supply 52. There are many materials whose light reflectivity changes due to an electric field, and the light reflectivity state at the time of voltage application cannot be maintained over time from the start of voltage application. In the AC power supply 52, a voltage can be alternately applied in both directions, and a voltage can be applied substantially continuously by changing the direction of the voltage. Therefore, stable light reflectivity can be obtained by the AC power supply 52. The AC waveform is preferably a rectangular wave. As a result, the amount of voltage to be applied is likely to be constant, so that the light reflectivity can be more stabilized. Of course, the alternating current may be a pulse. The intermediate reflection state can be formed by controlling the voltage application amount.

As the material of the light reflection variable layer 3, a material whose molecular orientation is changed by electric field modulation can be used. Examples thereof include nematic liquid crystal, cholesteric liquid crystal, ferroelectric liquid crystal, and electrochromic. The cholesteric liquid crystal may be a nematic liquid crystal having a spiral structure. The cholesteric liquid crystal may be a chiral nematic liquid crystal. Cholesteric liquid crystals are called CLC. In cholesteric liquid crystals, the orientation direction of the molecular axes changes continuously in space, resulting in a macroscopic spiral structure. For this reason, it is possible to reflect light corresponding to the period of the spiral. By changing the liquid crystal state by an electric field, it is possible to control between light reflectivity and light transmissivity. In electrochromic, a color change phenomenon of a substance due to an electrochemical reversible reaction (electrolytic oxidation-reduction reaction) by applying a voltage can be used, and it is possible to control between light reflectivity and light transmissivity. As a material for the light reflection variable layer 3, cholesteric liquid crystal can be preferably used. In each drawing, a pattern imitating a spiral structure formed by liquid crystal is provided in the light reflection variable layer 3 so that the light reflection variable layer 3 can be easily understood.

The light reflection variable section 30 is preferably in a light reflecting state when no voltage is applied and in a light transmitting state when a voltage is applied. In cholesteric liquid crystal, such control can be performed. This is because the alignment of liquid crystals can be made uniform by applying a voltage. In the cholesteric liquid crystal, the light reflection variable portion 30 which is thin and highly reflective can be formed. A state in which only specific light is reflected without applying a voltage is referred to as planar alignment, and a state in which light is applied by applying a voltage is sometimes referred to as focal conic alignment. Of course, the light reflection variable unit 30 may be in a light transmission state when no voltage is applied and in a light reflection state when a voltage is applied.

The light reflection variable layer 3 is preferably one in which the light reflection state is maintained when a voltage is applied. Thereby, a voltage is applied when it is desired to change the light reflection state, and when it is not, it is not necessary to apply a voltage, which increases power efficiency. The property that the light reflection state is maintained is called hysteresis. This property may be called memory property (memory property). Since the ferroelectric liquid crystal has a large hysteresis effect, it can exhibit a memory effect. Hysteresis can be exerted by applying a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage. The longer the time during which the light reflection state is maintained, the better. For example, it is preferably 1 hour or longer, more preferably 3 hours or longer, further preferably 6 hours or longer, more preferably 12 hours or longer, more preferably 24 hours or longer. More preferable.

In some embodiments, the light reflection variable unit 30 includes the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32. The configuration of the light reflection variable unit 30 is the first configuration. The present invention can be applied to both the light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32. The first light reflection variable section 31 includes the

electrodes

5p and 5q, and the first light reflection variable layer 3a. The second light reflection variable unit 32 includes an electrode 5r and an electrode 5s, and a second light reflection variable layer 3b. The first light reflection variable layer 3 a and the second light reflection variable layer 3 b correspond to the light reflection variable layer 3. The electrode 5r and the electrode 5s correspond to the electrode 5p and the electrode 5q, respectively.

The planar light emitter 100 has a first surface F1 and a second surface F2. The first surface F 1 is a surface on one side of the planar light emitter 100. The second surface F2 is the surface of the planar light emitter 100 that is opposite to the first surface F1. It can be said that one of the first surface F1 and the second surface F2 is the front surface and the other is the back surface. The second surface F2 is disposed on the side opposite to the first surface F1.

1st surface F1 is comprised so that the light from the planar light emission part 10 may be taken out. The first surface F1 may be called a main light emitting surface. It can be said that the 1st surface F1 is a surface of the direction which wants to obtain illumination. The planar light-emitting body 100 is formed so that light emission can be taken out to one of the front and back surfaces. The surface of the planar light emitting unit 10 on which light is to be extracted is the first surface F1. The first surface F1 may be called a main light extraction surface. The reason why the first surface F1 is mainly used is that the second surface F2 may serve as a subsidiary and the light from the planar light emitting unit 10 may be extracted from the second surface F2. However, even when light is extracted from both surfaces, it is preferable that more light is extracted from the first surface F1 than from the second surface F2. In the planar light emitter 100, a structure is formed in which light from the planar light emitting unit 10 is more likely to be emitted to the first surface F1 side than the second surface F2. The planar light emitting unit 10 has a structure that easily emits light to the first surface F1 side rather than the second surface F2.

The light scattering variable portion 20, the planar light emitting portion 10, and the light reflection variable portion 30 are arranged in the thickness direction between the first surface F1 and the second surface F2. The light reflection variable unit 30 is disposed on the second surface F2 side with respect to the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20. In the embodiment, from the first surface F1 side, the light scattering variable unit 20, the planar light emitting unit 10, and the light reflection variable unit 30 are arranged in this order, the planar light emitting unit 10, and the light scattering variable unit. 20 and the light reflection variable unit 30 are arranged in this order. In any of the embodiments, the light scattering variable portion 20 is disposed on the second surface F2 side. Therefore, it is possible to emit light with high efficiency, and it is possible to obtain the planar light emitter 100 having excellent optical characteristics.

Hereinafter, each embodiment will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 shows the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the light scattering variable portion 20, the planar light emitting portion 10, and the light reflection variable portion 30 are arranged in this order from the first surface F1 side.

The light scattering variable unit 20 is disposed between the substrate 6a and the substrate 6b. The planar light emitting unit 10 is disposed between the substrate 6b and the substrate 6c. The light reflection variable unit 30 is disposed between the substrate 6c and the substrate 6d. The substrate 6 b serves as the substrate 6 that supports or seals the light scattering variable portion 20 and the substrate 6 that supports or seals the planar light emitting portion 10. A substrate 6 b is disposed between the light scattering variable unit 20 and the planar light emitting unit 10. The substrate 6 c serves as the substrate 6 that supports or seals the planar light emitting unit 10 and the substrate 6 that supports or seals the light reflection variable unit 30. A substrate 6 c is disposed between the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30. No gap is provided between the light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10. No gap is provided between the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30. The void is a laminar gap. If there is no gap, the number of interfaces where light can be reflected or refracted can be reduced, so that more light from the planar light emitting unit 10 can be extracted. In addition, when there is a gap, the light extraction property may be deteriorated due to light interference. However, when there is no void, the light interference can be suppressed and the light extraction property can be improved.

FIG. 2 shows the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the light scattering variable unit 20, the planar light emitting unit 10, and the light reflection variable unit 30 are arranged in this order from the first surface F1 side. The second embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the configuration of the substrate 6 is different.

The light scattering variable unit 20 is disposed between the substrate 6a and the substrate 6b. The planar light emitting unit 10 is disposed between the substrate 6c and the substrate 6d. The light reflection variable unit 30 is disposed between the substrate 6e and the substrate 6f. A gap is formed between the substrate 6b and the substrate 6c. A gap is formed between the substrate 6d and the substrate 6e. The void is a laminar gap. The gap may be filled with a gas or may be a vacuum. However, when a gas is disposed in the gap, an inert gas such as nitrogen is preferable. The air gap becomes the air layer 8. For convenience, the air layer 8 is referred to, but the air layer 8 may be a vacuum. When the air layer 8 is provided, a heat insulating effect can be imparted. Therefore, it is advantageous as a building material. Moreover, if the air layer 8 is a vacuum, the heat insulation effect will increase further. The air layer 8 is formed by the thickness of the bonding portion 7. In the second embodiment, each of the light scattering variable portion 20, the planar light emitting portion 10, and the light reflection variable portion 30 can be individually formed as an element having a structure sandwiched between the substrates 6, so that there are cases where it is advantageous for manufacturing. obtain.

FIG. 3 shows the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, the planar light emitting unit 10, the light scattering variable unit 20, and the light reflection variable unit 30 are arranged in this order from the first surface F1 side. The third embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the order of the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20 is different.

The planar light emitting unit 10 is disposed between the substrate 6a and the substrate 6b. The light scattering variable unit 20 is disposed between the substrate 6b and the substrate 6c. The light reflection variable unit 30 is disposed between the substrate 6c and the substrate 6d. The substrate 6 b serves as the substrate 6 that supports or seals the planar light emitting unit 10 and the substrate 6 that supports or seals the light scattering variable unit 20. A substrate 6 b is disposed between the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20. The substrate 6 c serves as the substrate 6 that supports or seals the light scattering variable portion 20 and the substrate 6 that supports or seals the light reflection variable portion 30. A substrate 6 c is disposed between the light scattering variable unit 20 and the light reflection variable unit 30. No gap is provided between the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20. No gap is provided between the light scattering variable portion 20 and the light reflection variable portion 30. The void is a laminar gap. If there is no gap, the number of interfaces where light can be reflected or refracted can be reduced, so that more light from the planar light emitting unit 10 can be extracted. In addition, when there is a gap, the light extraction property may be deteriorated due to light interference. However, when there is no void, the light interference can be suppressed and the light extraction property can be improved.

FIG. 4 shows the fourth embodiment. In Embodiment 4, from the 1st surface F1 side, the planar light emission part 10, the light-scattering variable part 20, and the light reflection variable part 30 are arrange | positioned in order. The fourth embodiment has the same configuration as that of the second embodiment except that the order of the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20 is different.

The planar light emitting unit 10 is disposed between the substrate 6a and the substrate 6b. The light scattering variable unit 20 is disposed between the substrate 6c and the substrate 6d. The light reflection variable unit 30 is disposed between the substrate 6e and the substrate 6f. A gap is formed between the substrate 6b and the substrate 6c. A gap is formed between the substrate 6d and the substrate 6e. The void is a laminar gap. The gap may be filled with a gas or may be a vacuum. However, when a gas is disposed in the gap, an inert gas such as nitrogen is preferable. The air gap becomes the air layer 8. For convenience, the air layer 8 is referred to, but the air layer 8 may be a vacuum. When the air layer 8 is provided, a heat insulating effect can be imparted. Therefore, it is advantageous as a building material. Moreover, if the air layer 8 is a vacuum, the heat insulation effect will increase further. The air layer 8 is formed by the thickness of the bonding portion 7. In the fourth embodiment, each of the planar light emitting unit 10, the light scattering variable unit 20, and the light reflection variable unit 30 can be individually formed as an element having a structure sandwiched between the substrates 6. obtain.

Embodiments 1 and 3 can be optically more advantageous than

Embodiments

2 and 4 because there are no gaps. On the other hand, since

Embodiment

2 and 4 have the air layer 8, it can obtain a heat insulation effect and can be advantageous as a material such as building materials. As a modification of the first and third embodiments, one in which one of the internal substrate 6b and the substrate 6c in the first and third embodiments is divided into two substrates 6 and an air layer 8 is provided is exemplified. . Thus, the board | substrate 6 may be divided | segmented suitably. When it has divided and it has air layer 8, heat insulation can be improved.

In

Embodiments

1 and 2, the light scattering variable portion 20 is disposed on the first surface F1 side with respect to the planar light emitting portion 10. In the third and fourth embodiments, the planar light emitting unit 10 is disposed on the first surface F1 side of the light scattering variable unit 20. In order to further scatter the light generated from the planar light emitting unit 10, it is more advantageous to arrange the light scattering variable unit 20 on the first surface F1 side, which is a surface from which light is mainly extracted. In the first and second embodiments, the light scattering property is increased, so that the viewing angle dependency can be reduced, and light emission with less color change can be obtained depending on the viewing angle. In addition, light extraction efficiency can be improved because more light can be extracted by the light scattering property.

In the fifth and subsequent embodiments, an explanation will be given focusing on the optically advantageous internal substrate 6 that also serves as the adjacent substrate 6 and that does not have the air layer 8 between the components. Of course, in each embodiment, what divided the board | substrate 6 inside is mentioned as a modification. Further, in the fifth and subsequent embodiments, description will be made centering on the optically advantageous light scattering variable portion 20 disposed on the first surface F1 side with respect to the planar light emitting portion 10. Of course, in each embodiment, the positions of the light scattering variable unit 20 and the planar light emitting unit 10 may be interchanged, and those in which these are interchanged are listed as modified examples.

FIG. 5 shows the fifth embodiment. In the fifth embodiment, the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 are disposed between adjacent substrates 6 (substrate 6b and substrate 6c). The planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 are arranged in the thickness direction without the substrate 6 interposed therebetween. The planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 are in contact with each other.

In the planar light emitting body 100, the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 preferably have at least one shared electrode 5. By sharing the electrode 5, the number of layers can be reduced, and the layer interface that causes absorption, refraction, and reflection can be reduced. Therefore, light extraction can be improved. Moreover, if the electrode 5 is shared, the connection with the power source 50 is likely to be electrically advantageous.

In the fifth embodiment, the electrode 5 serving as both the electrode 5b of the planar light emitting unit 10 and the electrode 5p of the light reflection variable unit 30 is provided. This electrode 5 is an electrode 5 shared by the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30. Therefore, the light extraction property can be improved.

In Embodiment 5, the light reflection variable layer 3 preferably covers the organic light emitting layer 1. Thereby, the protective property of the organic light emitting layer 1 can be improved. The light reflection variable layer 3 may cover the organic light emitting layer 1 together with the electrode 5b (electrode 5p). The light reflection variable layer 3 preferably has moisture resistance. Since the light reflection variable layer 3 has moisture resistance, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of moisture and to suppress the deterioration of the organic light emitting layer 1 due to moisture. The material used for the light reflection variable layer 3, for example, a liquid crystal, has a moistureproof property. Therefore, moisture resistance can be easily increased by the liquid crystal material. The light reflection variable layer 3 may contain a hygroscopic material. Thereby, moisture-proof property can further be improved.

FIG. 6 shows the sixth embodiment. In the sixth embodiment, the light scattering variable unit 20 and the planar light emitting unit 10 are disposed between adjacent substrates 6 (substrate 6a and substrate 6b). The light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10 are arranged in the thickness direction without the substrate 6 interposed therebetween. The light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10 are in contact with each other.

In the planar light emitter 100, the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20 preferably have at least one shared electrode 5. By sharing the electrode 5, the number of layers can be reduced, and the layer interface that causes absorption, refraction, and reflection can be reduced. Therefore, light extraction can be improved. Moreover, if the electrode 5 is shared, the connection with the power source 50 is likely to be electrically advantageous.

In the sixth embodiment, the electrode 5 serving as both the electrode 5y of the light scattering variable portion 20 and the electrode 5a of the planar light emitting portion 10 is provided. This electrode 5 is an electrode 5 shared by the light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10. Therefore, the light extraction property can be improved.

In Embodiment 6, the substrate 6 (substrate 6b) is disposed between the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30, and the distance between the organic EL element and the light reflection variable unit 30 becomes long. Of the light generated from the light source in the organic EL element, the light traveling toward the second surface F2 side can be reflected by the reflective layer formed by the light reflection variable unit 30 and converted into the light traveling toward the first surface F1 side. . At this time, interference may occur between the light directly traveling from the organic EL element toward the first surface F1 and the light reflected by the light reflection layer and traveling toward the first surface F1. When the degree of interference increases , It may be difficult to extract light. This is a phenomenon called a cavity. However, if the distance between the light source and the reflective layer is increased as in this embodiment, the degree of interference can be reduced, and light can no longer be extracted. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a planar light emitting body 100 having excellent light extraction properties.

FIG. 7 shows the seventh embodiment. In the seventh embodiment, the light scattering variable unit 20, the planar light emitting unit 10, and the light reflection variable unit 30 are disposed between adjacent substrates 6 (substrate 6a and substrate 6b). The light scattering variable unit 20, the planar light emitting unit 10, and the light reflection variable unit 30 are arranged in the thickness direction without the substrate 6. The light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10 are in contact with each other. The planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 are in contact with each other.

In the seventh embodiment, the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20 have at least one shared electrode 5, and the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 have at least one shared electrode. 5 In this embodiment, by sharing the electrode 5 at a plurality of locations, the number of layers can be further reduced, and the layer interface that causes absorption, refraction, and reflection can be reduced. it can. Moreover, if the electrode 5 is shared, the connection with the power source 50 is likely to be electrically advantageous.

In the seventh embodiment, the electrode 5 serving as both the electrode 5y of the light scattering variable portion 20 and the electrode 5a of the planar light emitting portion 10 is provided. This electrode 5 is an electrode 5 shared by the light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10. In addition, an electrode 5 serving as both the electrode 5 b of the planar light emitting unit 10 and the electrode 5 p of the light reflection variable unit 30 is provided. This electrode 5 is an electrode 5 shared by the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30. Therefore, the light extraction property can be improved.

In Embodiment 7, it is preferable that the light reflection variable layer 3 covers the organic light emitting layer 1. The light reflection variable layer 3 may cover the organic light emitting layer 1 together with the electrode 5b (electrode 5p). Thereby, moisture resistance can be improved. The reason is the same as described in the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 8 shows an eighth embodiment. FIG. 9 shows a ninth embodiment. In the eighth and ninth embodiments, the planar light emitter 100 includes the light absorption variable unit 40.

The planar light emitter 100 is preferably provided with a light absorption variable portion 40 that can change the degree of light absorption. The light absorption variable portion 40 is preferably arranged on the second surface F2 side with respect to the planar light emitting portion 10. By having the light absorption variable portion 40, it is possible to absorb extra light, so that the contrast between the light emitting area and the non-light emitting area can be increased, and clearer light emission can be generated. Further, by absorbing light from the second surface F2 side, the planar light emitting unit 10, the light scattering variable unit 20, and in some cases the light reflection variable unit 30 may not be irradiated with light from the outside. And deterioration of these portions can be suppressed. For example, when the second surface F2 is disposed outside the building, external light including ultraviolet light may enter the planar light emitter 100, but the light absorption variable portion 40 capable of absorbing ultraviolet light is provided. Intrusion of ultraviolet rays can be suppressed.

The light absorption variable part 40 is a part where the light absorption changes. The light absorption variable unit 40 is configured such that the degree of light absorption can be changed. The fact that the degree of light absorption can be changed may mean that the high absorption state and the low absorption state can be changed. Alternatively, the fact that the degree of light absorption can be changed may mean that the state having light absorption and the state having no light absorption can be changed. If the degree of light absorptivity can be changed, the optical state can be changed, and the planar light-emitting body 100 having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained. The light absorption variable portion 40 may be formed in a layer shape.

High absorption state is a state with high light absorption. The high absorption state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface does not exit to the other surface due to absorption. The high absorption state may be a state in which an object existing on one surface side from the other surface side cannot be visually recognized. The high absorption state may be a state where an object existing on the other surface side from both sides cannot be visually recognized. The superabsorbent state can be an opaque state. In the high absorption state, the light absorption variable portion 40 can be black. When the light absorption variable part 40 exhibits light absorptivity, the light absorption variable part 40 functions as an absorption layer that absorbs light.

The low absorption state is a state where the light absorption is low or there is no light absorption. The low absorption state is, for example, a state in which light incident from one surface is not absorbed and is emitted to the other surface while maintaining the traveling direction as it is. The low absorption state may be a state where an object can be clearly visually recognized when an object existing on the other surface side is viewed from one surface side. The low absorption state can be a transparent state.

The light absorption variable unit 40 exhibits light absorption between a high absorption state with high light absorption, a low absorption state with low or no light absorption, and a high absorption state and a low absorption state. It may be configured to have a state. The ability to exhibit light absorption between the high absorption state and the low absorption state can provide moderate light absorption, so that the optical state can be changed with high variations, and optical The characteristics can be further improved. Here, a state that exhibits light absorption between the high absorption state and the low absorption state is referred to as a medium absorption state.

The medium absorption state may have at least one absorption state between the high absorption state and the low absorption state. For example, if the light absorption can be changed by switching between three states of a high absorption state, a medium absorption state, and a low absorption state, the optical characteristics are improved. It is a preferable aspect that the intermediate absorption state has a plurality of states in which the degree of absorbency is in a plurality of stages between the high absorption state and the low absorption state. Thereby, since the degree of absorbency becomes a plurality of stages, the optical characteristics can be further improved. For example, if the light absorption can be changed stepwise by switching a plurality of states of a high absorption state, a plurality of medium absorption states, and a low absorption state, the optical characteristics are improved. It is a preferable aspect that the intermediate absorption state is configured to continuously change from the high absorption state to the low absorption state between the high absorption state and the low absorption state. Thereby, since the degree of absorptivity changes continuously, the optical state can be changed with high variations, and the optical characteristics can be further improved. For example, if the light absorptivity can be changed between a high absorption state and a low absorption state so as to exhibit the desired light absorption, an intermediate state can be created, so that the optical characteristics are improved. . When the light absorption variable part 40 has a medium absorption state, it is preferable that the light absorption variable part 40 is configured to maintain the medium absorption state.

The light absorption variable part 40 preferably absorbs at least part of visible light. Thereby, light emission can be made clear. The light absorption variable unit 40 preferably absorbs all visible light. Thereby, the emission can be further clarified. When the light absorption variable unit 40 absorbs visible light, the light absorption variable unit 40 is preferably disposed between the light reflection variable unit 30 and the planar light emitting unit 10. Thereby, light emission can be made clearer. The light absorption variable unit 40 may absorb infrared rays. When absorbing infrared rays, a heat shielding effect can be obtained. The light absorption variable part 40 may absorb ultraviolet rays. Thereby, deterioration of the planar light emitter 100 can be suppressed. Moreover, if ultraviolet rays can be absorbed, the penetration of ultraviolet rays into the room can be suppressed. When the light absorption variable part 40 absorbs infrared rays or ultraviolet rays, the light absorption variable part 40 is preferably arranged on the second surface F2 side from the light reflection variable part 30. Thereby, it can suppress that infrared rays and an ultraviolet-ray deteriorate the planar light emission part 10, the light reflection variable part 30, and the light-scattering variable part 20. FIG. The light absorption variable unit 40 preferably absorbs any one of visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light, more preferably absorbs two of these, and more preferably absorbs all of them.

The light absorption variable unit 40 may be configured to be able to change the shape of the absorption spectrum. The change in the absorption spectrum may be performed in the medium absorption state. The change in the shape of the absorption spectrum means that the spectrum shape of the light incident on the light absorption variable unit 40 and the light that has passed through the light absorption variable unit 40 are different. The absorption spectrum is changed by changing the absorption wavelength. For example, the shape of the spectrum changes by strongly absorbing only blue light, strongly absorbing only green light, or strongly absorbing only red light. When the absorption spectrum changes, the color of light passing through the planar light emitter 100 changes. Therefore, the toning (color adjustment) of the transmitted light can be performed, and the optical characteristics can be improved.

In a state where the light absorption variable portion 40 exhibits light absorption, the light absorption variable portion 40 absorbs light in a direction from the second surface F2 toward the first surface F1 rather than light in a direction from the first surface F1 toward the second surface F2. Is preferably high. Thereby, deterioration of the planar light-emitting part 10 can be suppressed, or ultraviolet rays can be prevented from entering the first surface F1 side. Of course, the light absorption variable part 40 is in a state of exhibiting light absorptivity, and includes light in a direction from the first surface F1 toward the second surface F2 and light in a direction from the second surface F2 toward the first surface F1. The light absorption may be the same. Alternatively, the light absorption variable unit 40 exhibits light absorption, and light in a direction from the first surface F1 toward the second surface F2 is light in a direction from the second surface F2 toward the first surface F1. The light absorption may be higher than that.

The light absorption variable portion 40 can be formed with an appropriate structure that can change the degree of light absorption. The light absorption variable unit 40 may be an electric field modulation, temperature modulation, light modulation, gas modulation, or the like. Electric field modulation is a method in which light absorbency changes by applying an electric field. Temperature modulation is a method in which the light absorption changes with temperature.

The planar light emitter 100 is preferably configured so that the light absorption of the light absorption variable portion 40 can be controlled. For example, in the temperature modulation method, the light absorption can be changed by a change in the external temperature, but if the light absorption depends on the external temperature, there is a possibility that desired optical characteristics cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is preferable that the light absorption is controlled. In the temperature modulation, the temperature can be controlled by a heater or a cooler. However, temperature control is not easier than electric field control. Therefore, it is preferable that the light absorption variable unit 40 is electric field modulation. Accordingly, the light absorption can be easily changed by an electric field, so that the optical characteristics can be improved. In the embodiment having the light absorption variable section 40, the electric field modulation light absorption variable section 40 is used. In the following, the electric field modulation light absorption variable unit 40 will be described.

The light absorption variable portion 40 is configured to be capable of transmitting light. In the high absorption state, the light absorption variable portion 40 may be opaque. In the low absorption state, the light absorption variable portion 40 may be transparent. In the middle absorption state, the light absorption variable portion 40 may be translucent.

The light absorption variable section 40 includes a pair of

electrodes

5m and 5n, and a light absorption variable layer 4 disposed between the pair of

electrodes

5m and 5n. In the pair of

electrodes

5m and 5n, the electrode 5m is disposed on the first surface F1 side, and the electrode 5n is disposed on the second surface F2 side. The light absorption variable section 40 has a configuration in which the light absorption variable layer 4 is disposed between the electrode 5m and the electrode 5n. By configuring the light absorption variable portion 40 with the light absorption variable layer 4, a thin light absorption structure with excellent optical characteristics can be formed. The light absorption variable layer 4 is a layer whose light absorption changes. The light absorption variable layer 4 has at least a high absorption state and a low absorption state. The light absorption variable layer 4 preferably has a medium absorption state. The electrode 5m and the electrode 5n are light transmissive. Therefore, when the light absorption variable layer 4 has a light absorption property, the light incident on the light absorption variable portion 40 can be absorbed. Further, when the light absorption variable layer 4 is not in a state of light absorption, the light incident on the light absorption variable portion 40 can be emitted as it is.

The light absorption variable part 40 is disposed between the adjacent substrates 6. The light absorption variable part 40 is sealed by being disposed between the two substrates 6. By sealing, the light absorption variable layer 4 is held, and further its deterioration is suppressed. The two substrates 6 are a pair. Usually, the light absorption variable part 40 is formed by lamination. At that time, a formation substrate for stacking is required. The formation substrate is formed of at least one of the pair of substrates 6. The substrate 6 facing the formation substrate is a sealing substrate. The sealing substrate is formed of the pair of substrates 6 that is not the formation substrate.

The light absorption variable portion 40 changes the degree of light absorption in the light absorption variable layer 4 by applying a voltage between the electrode 5m and the electrode 5n. The electrode 5m and the electrode 5n are electrically connected to the power source 50 through a wiring 53. By supplying power from the power supply 50, a voltage is applied to the light absorption variable unit 40. The power supply 50 of the light absorption variable unit 40 may be constituted by a DC power supply or an AC power supply. In the example shown in the figure, the power supply 50 of the light absorption variable unit 40 is constituted by an AC power supply 52. In the case of a material whose light absorptivity changes due to an electric field, the light absorptive state at the time of voltage application may not be maintained over time from the start of voltage application. In the AC power supply 52, a voltage can be alternately applied in both directions, and a voltage can be applied substantially continuously by changing the direction of the voltage. Therefore, stable light absorption can be obtained by the AC power supply 52. The AC waveform is preferably a rectangular wave. As a result, the amount of voltage to be applied is likely to be constant, so that the light absorption can be more stabilized. Of course, the alternating current may be a pulse. The power supply 50 is preferably constituted by a DC power supply. In a material whose light absorptivity changes due to an electric field, the light absorptivity may change depending on the flow of electricity in one direction. Therefore, stable light absorption can be obtained by a DC power source. The intermediate absorption state can be formed by controlling the voltage application amount.

As the material for the light absorption variable layer 4, a material whose light absorption changes by electric field modulation can be preferably used. Examples of the electric field modulation material include tungsten oxide. Examples of the temperature modulation material include vanadium oxide. Examples of the light modulation material include an Ag / Ti laminated structure.

The light absorption variable unit 40 is preferably in a light absorption state when no voltage is applied and in a light transmission state when a voltage is applied. In the liquid crystal material, the absorptivity can be changed by applying a voltage.
In liquid crystals, the alignment can be made uniform by applying a voltage. In the liquid crystal, the light absorption variable section 40 which is thin and has high absorbability can be formed. Of course, the light absorption variable unit 40 may be in a light transmission state when no voltage is applied and in a light absorption state when a voltage is applied.

The light absorption variable layer 4 is preferably one in which the light absorption state when a voltage is applied is maintained. Thereby, a voltage is applied when it is desired to change the light absorption state, and it is not necessary to apply a voltage when it is not, so that the power efficiency is improved. The property that the light absorption state is maintained is called hysteresis. This property may be called memory property (memory property). Hysteresis can be exerted by applying a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage. The longer the time during which the light absorption state is maintained, the better. For example, it is preferably 1 hour or longer, more preferably 3 hours or longer, further preferably 6 hours or longer, more preferably 12 hours or longer, more preferably 24 hours or longer. More preferable.

Embodiment 8 has a structure in which the light absorption variable portion 40 is arranged on the second surface F2 side of the planar light emitter 100 of Embodiment 5. The light absorption variable unit 40 is disposed between the substrate 6c and the substrate 6d. The substrate 6 c serves as the substrate 6 that supports or seals the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 and the substrate 6 that supports or seals the light absorption variable unit 40. A substrate 6 c is disposed between the light reflection variable unit 30 and the light absorption variable unit 40. In the eighth embodiment, the light absorption variable portion 40 can be configured independently from other portions, and therefore, manufacturing may be facilitated. Moreover, there is a possibility that light absorption can be improved.

Embodiment 9 is an example in which Embodiment 8 is modified, and is an example in which the substrate 6c in Embodiment 8 is excluded. The light absorption variable part 40 is disposed between the substrate 6b and the substrate 6c. Between the substrate 6b and the substrate 6c, the planar light emitting unit 10, the light reflection variable unit 30, and the light absorption variable unit 40 are provided. The light reflection variable unit 30 and the light absorption variable unit 40 are in contact with each other.

When the planar light emitter 100 includes the light absorption variable unit 40, it is a preferable aspect that the light reflection variable unit 30 and the light absorption variable unit 40 have at least one shared electrode 5. Thereby, by sharing the electrode 5, the number of layers can be reduced, and the layer interface that causes absorption, refraction, and reflection can be reduced. Moreover, if the electrode 5 is shared, the connection with the power source 50 is likely to be electrically advantageous.

In the ninth embodiment, the electrode 5 serving as both the electrode 5q of the light reflection variable unit 30 and the electrode 5m of the light absorption variable unit 40 is provided. This electrode 5 is an electrode 5 shared by the light reflection variable unit 30 and the light absorption variable unit 40. Therefore, light absorption can be improved efficiently.

In the eighth and ninth embodiments, the light absorption variable unit 40 is disposed on the second surface F2 side with respect to the light reflection variable unit 30. However, the light absorption variable unit 40 and the surface light emitter 10 and light reflection are illustrated. You may arrange | position between the variable parts 30. As a modification of the eighth and ninth embodiments, a configuration in which the arrangement of the light absorption variable unit 40 and the light reflection variable unit 30 is exchanged can be given.

FIG. 10 shows the tenth embodiment. FIG. 11 shows an eleventh embodiment. FIG. 12 shows a twelfth embodiment. However, in FIG. 12, a part of the planar light emitter 100 is shown. FIG. 13 shows a thirteenth embodiment. FIG. 14 shows a fourteenth embodiment. FIG. 15 shows a fifteenth embodiment. FIG. 16 shows a sixteenth embodiment. FIG. 17 shows the seventeenth embodiment. FIG. 18 shows an eighteenth embodiment. In Embodiments 10 to 18, the light reflection variable unit 30 includes a first light reflection variable unit 31 and a second light reflection variable unit 32.

In Embodiments 10 and 11, the planar light emitting unit 10 and the first light reflection variable unit 31 are disposed between the adjacent substrates 6 (

substrates

6b and 6c). The planar light emitting unit 10 and the first light reflection variable unit 31 are arranged in contact with each other in the thickness direction. In the thirteenth embodiment, the planar light emitting unit 10, the first light reflection variable unit 31, and the second light reflection variable unit 32 are disposed between the adjacent substrates 6 (

substrates

6b and 6c). The planar light emitting unit 10 and the first light reflection variable unit 31 are arranged in contact with each other in the thickness direction, and the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 are arranged in contact with each other in the thickness direction. Yes. In the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth embodiments, the light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10 are disposed between adjacent substrates 6 (

substrates

6a and 6b). The light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10 are arranged in contact with each other in the thickness direction. In the sixteenth embodiment, the first light reflection variable portion 31 and the second light reflection variable portion 32 are disposed between the adjacent substrates 6 (

substrates

6b and 6c). The first light reflection variable part 31 and the second light reflection variable part 32 are arranged in contact with each other in the thickness direction. In the seventeenth embodiment, the light scattering variable unit 20, the planar light emitting unit 10, and the first light reflection variable unit 31 are disposed between adjacent substrates 6 (

substrates

6a and 6b). The light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10 are arranged in contact with each other in the thickness direction, and the planar light emitting portion 10 and the first light reflection variable portion 31 are arranged in contact with each other in the thickness direction. In the eighteenth embodiment, the light scattering variable unit 20, the planar light emitting unit 10, the first light reflection variable unit 31, and the second light reflection variable unit 32 are arranged between adjacent substrates 6 (

substrates

6a and 6b). Yes. The light scattering variable portion 20 and the planar light emitting portion 10 are disposed in contact with each other in the thickness direction, and the planar light emitting portion 10 and the first light reflection variable portion 31 are disposed in contact with each other in the thickness direction. The light reflection variable part 31 and the second light reflection variable part 32 are arranged in contact with each other in the thickness direction.

In the planar light emitter 100, the light reflection variable unit 30 includes a first light reflection variable unit 31 capable of reflecting the first polarized light and a second light reflection variable unit 32 capable of reflecting the second polarized light. It is preferable. It is preferable that the first light reflection variable part 31 and the second light reflection variable part 32 are arranged so that the parts having variable light reflectivity are separated from each other. By having the first light reflection variable section 31 and the second light reflection variable section 32, more light can be reflected, so that the reflectivity can be improved and the optical characteristics can be improved.

The first light reflection variable unit 31 is configured to reflect the first polarized light. The second light reflection variable unit 32 is configured to reflect the second polarized light. The first polarized light and the second polarized light are in a complementary relationship. When the light component is decomposed by the polarized light and the first polarized light is taken out as a specific polarized light, the light other than the first polarized light becomes the second polarized light. The relationship between the first polarization and the second polarization may be a relationship between left circular polarization and right circular polarization. When the first polarization is left circular polarization, the second polarization is right circular polarization. Alternatively, when the first polarized light is right circular polarized light, the second polarized light is left circular polarized light. Left circularly polarized light and right circularly polarized light are called circularly polarized light. The reflection of circularly polarized light can be caused by the molecular orientation of the helical structure. The spiral structure can be formed by liquid crystal as described above. The right and left of circularly polarized light are determined depending on whether the spiral structure is clockwise or counterclockwise. 10 to 18, the first light reflection variable portion 31 and the second light reflection variable portion 32 are provided with patterns simulating reverse spiral structures so that they can be easily understood. The relationship between the first polarized light and the second polarized light may be a linearly polarized light relationship. In linearly polarized light, the first polarized light can be changed vertically, and the second polarized light can be converted into horizontally polarized light.

The light is decomposed into the first polarized light and the second polarized light. A combination of the first polarized light and the second polarized light becomes light before decomposition. For this reason, if both the first polarized light and the second polarized light can be reflected, all light can be reflected theoretically, so that high light reflectivity can be exhibited.

Specific configurations of the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 may be the same as those described in the light reflection variable unit 30 as a common matter. The first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 may have the same configuration except that the polarized light is different. The difference between the first polarized light and the second polarized light can be caused by, for example, a difference in chirality of materials whose light reflectivity changes.

The first light reflection variable section 31 includes a pair of

electrodes

5p and 5q, and a first light reflection variable layer 3a disposed between the pair of

electrodes

5p and 5q. In the pair of

electrodes

5p and 5q, the electrode 5p is disposed on the first surface F1 side, and the electrode 5q is disposed on the second surface F2 side. The first light reflection variable section 31 has a configuration in which the first light reflection variable layer 3a is disposed between the electrode 5p and the electrode 5q. The first light reflection variable layer 3a is a layer whose light reflectivity changes. The first light reflection variable layer 3a has at least a high reflection state and a low reflection state. The first light reflection variable layer 3a preferably has a middle reflection state. The electrode 5p and the electrode 5q are light transmissive. Therefore, in the case where the first light reflection variable layer 3 a has a light reflectivity, it is possible to efficiently reflect the first polarized light in the light incident on the first light reflection variable portion 31. In addition, when the first light reflection variable layer 3a is not light-reflective, the light incident on the first light reflection variable portion 31 can be emitted as it is.

The first light reflection variable portion 31 is disposed between the adjacent substrates 6. The first light reflection variable portion 31 is disposed between the two substrates 6 to be sealed. The first light reflection variable unit 31 changes the degree of light reflectivity in the first light reflection variable layer 3a by applying a voltage between the electrode 5p and the electrode 5q. The electrode 5p and the electrode 5q are electrically connected to the power source 50 through a wiring 53. By supplying power from the power supply 50, a voltage is applied to the first light reflection variable unit 31. The power source 50 of the first light reflection variable unit 31 is constituted by an AC power source 52.

The second light reflection variable section 32 has a pair of

electrodes

5r and 5s and a second light reflection variable layer 3b disposed between the pair of

electrodes

5r and 5s. In the pair of

electrodes

5r and 5s, the electrode 5r is disposed on the first surface F1 side, and the electrode 5s is disposed on the second surface F2 side. The second light reflection variable section 32 has a configuration in which the second light reflection variable layer 3b is disposed between the electrode 5r and the electrode 5s. The second light reflection variable layer 3b is a layer whose light reflectivity changes. The second light reflection variable layer 3b has at least a high reflection state and a low reflection state. The second light reflection variable layer 3b preferably has a middle reflection state. The electrode 5r and the electrode 5s are light transmissive. Therefore, when the second light reflection variable layer 3b has a light reflectivity, the second polarized light out of the light incident on the second light reflection variable portion 32 can be efficiently reflected. Further, when the second light reflection variable layer 3b is not light-reflective, the light incident on the second light reflection variable portion 32 can be emitted as it is.

The second light reflection variable portion 32 is disposed between the adjacent substrates 6. The second light reflection variable portion 32 is disposed between the two substrates 6 to be sealed. The second light reflection variable unit 32 changes the degree of light reflectivity in the second light reflection variable layer 3b by applying a voltage between the electrode 5r and the electrode 5s. The electrode 5 r and the electrode 5 s are electrically connected to the power source 50 through a wiring 53. By supplying power from the power supply 50, a voltage is applied to the second light reflection variable unit 32. The power source 50 of the second light reflection variable unit 32 is constituted by an AC power source 52.

The first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 may be configured to be driven independently, or may be configured to be driven in conjunction with each other. When independent driving is possible, specific polarized light can be reflected, a complicated optical state can be obtained, and optical characteristics can be improved. When configured to be driven in conjunction with each other, the degree of light reflectivity can be easily controlled.

When the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 are in the high reflection state as a whole, the light reflection variable unit 30 is preferably in the high reflection state at the same time. Thereby, high reflectivity can be obtained. When the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 are in the low reflection state as a whole of the light reflection variable unit 30, it is preferable that both are in the low reflection state at the same time. Thereby, a less reflective state can be obtained.

In the light reflection variable section 30, the first light reflection variable layer 3a which is a variable light reflection portion in the first light reflection variable section 31 and the second light reflection variable section in the second light reflection variable section 32 are variable. The light reflection variable layer 3b is separated. Each of the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b may be formed of a liquid crystal or the like. When the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b are in contact with each other, the components of the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the components of the second light reflection variable layer 3b are mixed to obtain reflectivity. May be difficult. For example, materials having different chirality of liquid crystal molecules can be used for the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b, but when liquid crystal molecules are mixed, the chirality is lost and the reflectivity is lowered. . Therefore, it is preferable that the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b are separated from each other.

A mode in which the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b are separated will be described. Hereinafter, for the sake of convenience, a portion that separates the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b is defined as a separation portion.

In the tenth, eleventh, eleventh, twelfth, fourteenth, fifteenth and seventeenth embodiments, the separation portion is constituted by the substrate 6. In the thirteenth, sixteenth and eighteenth embodiments, the spacing portion is constituted by the electrode 5.

The planar light emitter 100 includes a substrate 6 (substrate 6a) having a first surface F1, and the substrate 6 (substrate 6a) and the second light reflection variable unit 32 are disposed between the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32. It is a preferable embodiment of the separation that the plates formed of the same kind of material are arranged. The first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b are separated by a plate made of the same material as that of the substrate 6, so that the optical conditions of the substrate 6 and the plate become more the same. Therefore, the optical characteristics can be improved. At this time, the plate body constitutes a separation portion. When the board | substrate 6 which has the 1st surface F1 is glass, it is preferable that the plate body which spaces apart a layer is glass. Further, it is more preferable that the substrate 6 and the plate have the same kind of glass (for example, non-alkali glass) because the cost is low. More preferably, the refractive indexes are the same. In

Embodiment

10, 11, 14, and 15, when the board | substrate 6c is the same kind of material as the board | substrate 6a, the board | substrate 6c becomes a plate body and becomes this aspect. In the seventeenth embodiment, when the substrate 6b is made of the same kind of material as the substrate 6a, the substrate 6b is a plate body, which is this mode.

In the planar light emitting body 100, it is a preferable mode of separation that a flexible sheet is disposed between the first light reflection variable portion 31 and the second light reflection variable portion 32. Since the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b are separated by the sheet, the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b are not mixed, and depending on the sheet Scattering at the time of breakage can be suppressed. The sheet constitutes a separation portion. The sheet is preferably made of resin. Thereby, the scattering at the time of a fracture | rupture can be suppressed and safety can be improved. In

Embodiment

10, 11, 14, and 15, when the board | substrate 6c is a sheet | seat, it becomes this aspect. In the seventeenth embodiment, this mode is used when the substrate 6b is a sheet.

It is preferable that the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 have at least one shared electrode 5. The sharing of the electrode 5 may be an electrical sharing. By sharing the electrode 5, electrical characteristics and optical characteristics can be improved. Moreover, the sharing of the electrode 5 can facilitate the interlocking of the two light reflection variable layers 3.

Embodiment 11 in FIG. 11 is an example in which the electrode 5 is shared. The electrode 5q of the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the electrode 5r of the second light reflection variable unit 32 are electrically the same electrode 5 and are shared. Such sharing of the electrode 5 can be formed by a wiring structure. The electrode 5 is shared by the wiring 53.

The twelfth embodiment of FIG. 12 shows an example of sharing when the substrate 6 (plate body, sheet, etc.) is disposed between the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32. . In this example, the electrode connection portion 5t is provided. The electrode 5q and the electrode 5r are connected to an electrode connection portion 5t formed of a conductive material. In FIG. 12, the electrode connection portion 5 t is formed on the side of the substrate 6. By forming the electrode connection portion 5t, the electrode 5q and the electrode 5r can be electrically connected, and the electrode 5 is shared. The electrode connecting portion 5t is not limited to the illustrated mode. For example, the electrode connection portion 5t may be provided so as to penetrate the substrate 6. The electrode sharing structure of FIG. 12 can also be applied to the embodiment 15 of FIG.

A preferred aspect of the separation is that the shared electrode 5 is disposed between the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b so that the portions where the light reflection is variable are separated. It is. In this case, the separation portion is constituted by the electrode 5. By separating the first light reflection variable layer 3a and the second light reflection variable layer 3b by the electrode 5, the number of layers can be reduced, and the disappearance of light due to absorption or reflection can be suppressed. . In addition, the voltage can be applied efficiently by sharing the electrode 5. Embodiments 13, 16, and 18 are this mode. In the thirteenth, sixteenth and eighteenth embodiments, the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 are in contact with each other.

FIG. 19 shows the nineteenth embodiment. FIG. 20 shows a twentieth embodiment. FIG. 21 shows a twenty-first embodiment. FIG. 22 shows a twenty-second embodiment. FIG. 23 shows a twenty-third embodiment. Embodiments 19 to 23 are examples in which the light absorption variable unit 40 is provided in the case where the light reflection variable unit 30 includes the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32.

Nineteenth embodiment of FIG. 19 is a modification of the thirteenth embodiment. The nineteenth embodiment has a structure in which the light absorption variable portion 40 is disposed on the second surface F2 side of the planar light emitter 100 of the thirteenth embodiment. The light absorption variable unit 40 is disposed between the substrate 6c and the substrate 6d. The substrate 6 c serves as the substrate 6 that supports or seals the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 and the substrate 6 that supports or seals the light absorption variable unit 40. A substrate 6 c is disposed between the light reflection variable section 30 (particularly the second light reflection variable section 32) and the light absorption variable section 40. In the nineteenth embodiment, the light absorption variable portion 40 can be configured independently from other portions, and therefore, manufacturing may be facilitated. Moreover, there is a possibility that light absorption can be improved.

20 is a modification of the thirteenth embodiment. The twentieth embodiment is an example in which the light absorption variable portion 40 is provided between the substrate 6b and the substrate 6c in the thirteenth embodiment. The light absorption variable part 40 is in contact with the second light reflection variable part 32. In the twentieth embodiment, the electrode 5 serving as both the electrode 5s of the second light reflection variable portion 32 and the electrode 5m of the light absorption variable portion 40 is provided. The electrode 5 is an electrode 5 shared by the second light reflection variable unit 32 and the light absorption variable unit 40. Since the second light reflection variable unit 32 and the light absorption variable unit 40 share the electrode 5, the number of layers can be reduced and the layer interface that causes absorption, refraction, and reflection can be reduced. Moreover, if the electrode 5 is shared, the connection with the power source 50 is likely to be electrically advantageous.

21 is a modification of the sixteenth embodiment. The twenty-first embodiment has a structure in which the light absorption variable portion 40 is disposed on the second surface F2 side of the planar light emitter 100 of the sixteenth embodiment. The light absorption variable unit 40 is disposed between the substrate 6c and the substrate 6d. The substrate 6 c serves as the substrate 6 that supports or seals the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 and the substrate 6 that supports or seals the light absorption variable unit 40. A substrate 6 c is disposed between the light reflection variable section 30 (particularly the second light reflection variable section 32) and the light absorption variable section 40. In the twenty-first embodiment, the light absorption variable portion 40 can be configured independently from other portions, and therefore, manufacturing may be facilitated. Moreover, there is a possibility that light absorption can be improved.

22 is a modification of the sixteenth embodiment. The twenty-second embodiment is an example in which the light absorption variable unit 40 is provided between the substrate 6b and the substrate 6c in the sixteenth embodiment. The light absorption variable part 40 is in contact with the second light reflection variable part 32. In the twenty-second embodiment, the electrode 5 serving as both the electrode 5s of the second light reflection variable unit 32 and the electrode 5m of the light absorption variable unit 40 is provided. The electrode 5 is an electrode 5 shared by the second light reflection variable unit 32 and the light absorption variable unit 40. Since the second light reflection variable unit 32 and the light absorption variable unit 40 share the electrode 5, the number of layers can be reduced and the layer interface that causes absorption, refraction, and reflection can be reduced. Moreover, if the electrode 5 is shared, the connection with the power source 50 is likely to be electrically advantageous.

23 is a modification of the eighteenth embodiment. The twenty-third embodiment is an example in which the light absorption variable portion 40 is provided between the substrate 6a and the substrate 6b in the eighteenth embodiment. The light absorption variable part 40 is in contact with the second light reflection variable part 32. In the twenty-third embodiment, the electrode 5 serving as both the electrode 5s of the second light reflection variable unit 32 and the electrode 5m of the light absorption variable unit 40 is provided. The electrode 5 is an electrode 5 shared by the second light reflection variable unit 32 and the light absorption variable unit 40. Since the second light reflection variable unit 32 and the light absorption variable unit 40 share the electrode 5, the number of layers can be reduced and the layer interface that causes absorption, refraction, and reflection can be reduced. Moreover, if the electrode 5 is shared, the connection with the power source 50 is likely to be electrically advantageous.

Also in Embodiments 19 to 23, the light reflection variable section 30 includes the first light reflection variable section 31 and the second light reflection variable section 32, so that the light reflectivity can be improved. Moreover, by having the light absorption variable part 40, light emission can be made clearer by light absorption. Moreover, deterioration of each part of the planar light emitter 100 can be suppressed by light absorption.

In the nineteenth to twenty-third embodiments, an example in which the light absorption variable unit 40 is disposed on the second surface F2 side with respect to the light reflection variable unit 30 is shown. You may arrange | position between the variable parts 30. In addition, the light absorption variable unit 40 may be disposed between the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32. As modified examples of the nineteenth to twenty-third embodiments, the light absorption variable section 40 is disposed between the planar light emitter 10 and the first light reflection variable section 31, or the light absorption variable section 40 is the first light reflection variable. The thing arrange | positioned between the part 31 and the 2nd light reflection variable part 32 is mentioned.

FIG. 24 shows an example of the light-transmitting electrode 5. As shown in FIG. 24A, the electrode 5 is composed of a transparent conductive layer 5e and an auxiliary wiring 5f. FIG. 24B shows a state in which the auxiliary wiring 5f is viewed in the thickness direction, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 6. The state seen in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 6 is a plan view.

The light-transmitting electrode 5 can be formed using a transparent material in order to exhibit the property of transmitting light. However, it is not easy to achieve both transparency and conductivity. If the transparency of the electrode 5 is to be increased, the specific resistance tends to increase and the conductivity is likely to decrease. If the conductivity is reduced, it becomes difficult for electricity to flow, and the in-plane electrical characteristics become non-uniform. For example, in the vicinity of the center of the surface, since it is far from the feeding position arranged at the end, electricity is less likely to flow than the end, and current and voltage are likely to decrease. On the other hand, when an attempt is made to lower the electrical resistance, the transparency is lowered and the optical properties tend to be lowered. In order to reduce the resistance, it is conceivable to increase the thickness, but if the thickness is large, the transparency is lowered. Therefore, it is advantageous to provide the auxiliary wiring 5f. The auxiliary wiring 5f is made of a material having higher electrical conductivity than the transparent conductive layer 5e. By providing the auxiliary wiring 5f, the conductivity of the transparent conductive layer 5e can be supplemented and the conductivity of the electrode 5 as a whole can be improved. Therefore, the current and voltage can be made more uniform in the plane, so that the optical characteristics can be improved.

In FIG. 24A, the auxiliary wiring 5f is provided on the surface of the transparent conductive layer 5e. The transparent conductive layer 5e and the auxiliary wiring 5f are in contact with each other. The transparent conductive layer 5e may have a structure in which part or all of the auxiliary wiring 5f is buried. 24A shows an example in which the auxiliary wiring 5f is provided on the upper side of the transparent conductive layer 5e. However, the auxiliary wiring 5f may be provided on the lower side of the transparent conductive layer 5e, or on both upper and lower sides of the transparent conductive layer 5e. An auxiliary wiring 5f may be provided. In which surface of the transparent conductive layer 5e the auxiliary wiring 5f is provided depends on the stacking order in the stacking process. In the lamination process, it is a preferable aspect that the transparent conductive layer 5e and the auxiliary wiring 5f are arranged so that the transparent conductive layer 5e and the auxiliary wiring 5f are laminated in this order. Of course, the transparent conductive layer 5e and the auxiliary wiring 5f may be arranged so that the auxiliary wiring 5f and the transparent conductive layer 5e are laminated in this order.

The auxiliary wiring 5f does not have to be transparent. The auxiliary wiring 5f may be opaque or translucent. The auxiliary wiring 5f can be made of a material such as metal. The auxiliary wiring 5f may be formed of a metal laminate or an alloy.

As shown in FIG. 24B, the auxiliary wiring 5f is preferably formed in a mesh shape. Since the auxiliary wiring 5f has a mesh shape, light can be transmitted from between the meshes, so that light transmittance as the electrode 5 can be ensured. The auxiliary wiring 5f is more preferably formed in a lattice shape. Thereby, conductivity can be assisted more uniformly. The lattice shape may be a square lattice or a hexagonal lattice. In one preferred embodiment, the auxiliary wiring 5f is a quadrangular lattice. The rectangular lattice shape is easy to pattern. A square lattice shape is called a grid shape.

In FIG. 24B, the auxiliary wiring 5f is composed of a plurality of lines. This line is a straight line. Of course, it may be a curved line or a wavy line, but a straight line is easier to improve electrical and optical characteristics, and is easier to manufacture. In the grid-like auxiliary wiring 5f, the lines constituting the auxiliary wiring 5f can be composed of a vertical line and a horizontal line. The vertical lines may be arranged at equal intervals. The horizontal lines may be arranged at equal intervals.

The width of the lines constituting the auxiliary wiring 5f may be 1000 μm or less, 500 μm or less, or 100 μm or less. Although the portion of the auxiliary wiring 5f may be impermeable to light, since the width of the auxiliary wiring 5f is small, the electrode 5 as a whole can transmit light, and the auxiliary wiring 5f is conspicuous when visually recognized. Transparency without any discomfort can be obtained. If the line width of the auxiliary wiring 5f becomes too large, a pattern formed in the auxiliary wiring 5f part such as a lattice shape may be conspicuous. Therefore, it is advantageous that the line width of the auxiliary wiring 5f is small. However, a larger line width is advantageous in order to enhance the current-carrying assistability by the auxiliary wiring 5f. Therefore, the width of the auxiliary wiring 5f can be set to 1 μm or more, for example.

The electrode 5 having the auxiliary wiring 5f can be used at one or a plurality of appropriate locations in the electrode 5 of the planar light emitter 100. You may use as the electrode 5 of the light-scattering variable part 20. FIG. You may use as the electrode 5 of the planar light emission part 10. You may use as the electrode 5 of the light reflection variable part 30. You may use as the electrode 5 of the light absorption variable part 40. FIG. In each part, one of the pair of two electrodes 5 may have the auxiliary wiring 5f, or both may have the auxiliary wiring 5f.

More preferably, one or both of the pair of electrodes 5 (electrode 5a and electrode 5b) included in the planar light emitting unit 10 have the auxiliary wiring 5f. In the planar light emitting unit 10 composed of an organic EL element, in order to obtain more uniform light emission in the surface, it is required to improve the conductivity in the surface. When the electrode 5 included in the planar light emitting unit 10 includes the auxiliary electrode 5f, the in-plane conductivity is improved and the light emission characteristics can be improved.

In the planar light emitting unit 10, the auxiliary wiring 5 f is preferably provided on the organic light emitting layer 1 side of the electrode 5. Of course, the auxiliary wiring 5f may be provided on the side of the electrode 5 opposite to the organic light emitting layer 1 side. Although the arrangement of the auxiliary wiring 5f depends on the lamination process, in short, if the auxiliary wiring 5f is in contact with the transparent conductive layer 5e, the electrode 5 having high conductivity can be obtained.

The auxiliary wiring 5f may be covered with an insulator at a portion not in contact with the transparent conductive layer 5e. The covering of the auxiliary wiring 5f is particularly preferably performed on the electrode 5 of the planar light emitting unit 10. Since the portion of the auxiliary wiring 5f has high conductivity, if electricity flows through the auxiliary wiring 5f as it is, electricity tends to flow through the portion of the auxiliary wiring 5f, and excessive light emission may occur at the portion of the auxiliary wiring 5f. Further, the auxiliary wiring 5f can be a portion that does not allow light to pass through. However, even if light is emitted from the portion of the auxiliary wiring 5f, the light cannot be extracted in the thickness direction. There is a risk that. However, by covering the auxiliary wiring 5f with an insulator, excessive light emission can be suppressed, and more light can be extracted while suppressing waste of light, so that the light extraction performance can be improved. it can. Of course, the covering of the insulator of the auxiliary wiring 5f may be performed on any one or more of the electrodes 5 used in the light scattering variable unit 20, the light reflection variable unit 30, and the light absorption variable unit 40. .

When the planar light-emitting body 100 includes a plurality of electrodes 5 having the auxiliary wiring 5f, it is a preferable aspect that the auxiliary wirings 5f in the different electrodes 5 have a pattern overlapping in plan view. Although the portion of the auxiliary wiring 5f can be a portion that does not allow light to pass through, by providing the auxiliary wiring 5f so as to overlap in plan view, the portion that does not allow light to pass can be reduced, so that the optical characteristics are improved. Can do. For example, when the auxiliary wiring 5f in one electrode 5 has a grid shape, if the auxiliary electrode 5f in the other electrode 5 has a grid shape with the same shape, an overlapping pattern is formed and light can be easily transmitted. . Of course, in order to improve electrical characteristics, the auxiliary wirings 5f of the plurality of electrodes 5 may be shifted from each other in plan view.

In the planar light-emitting body 100, each part is preferably configured to be driven independently. Thereby, since each part can be controlled independently, an optical characteristic can be improved. It is preferable that the light scattering variable unit 20, the planar light emitting unit 10, and the light reflection variable unit 30 are configured to be driven independently. As a result, states having different optical properties can be easily created, and thus excellent optical properties can be obtained. When the light absorption variable part 40 is provided, it is preferable that the light absorption variable part 40 is configured to be driven independently. Thereby, the optical characteristics are further enhanced. However, the first light reflection variable unit 31 and the second light reflection variable unit 32 may be driven independently of each other or may be driven in conjunction with each other.

“Driving independently” may mean that voltage can be applied to each part independently. The application of voltage to each part is possible not only when the electrode 5 is independent in each part but also when the electrode 5 is shared with the electrode 5 of another part in a certain part. In the above embodiment, the electrode 5 may be shared, and different power sources 50 may be connected to the shared electrode 5, but can be driven independently by controlling the voltage level. When the DC power source 51 and the AC power source 52 are connected to the common electrode 5, if one of the two electrodes 5 of the DC power source 51 functions as a ground electrode, AC can be controlled. is there. For example, in the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the electrode 5 b and the electrode 5 p are composed of the same electrode 5 and are shared electrodes 5. At this time, by controlling the voltage level of the electrode 5 on the AC power source 52 side by causing the shared electrode 5 to function as a ground electrode, the DC power source 51 and the AC power source 52 can be controlled separately. The planar light emitting unit 10 and the light reflection variable unit 30 can be driven independently. When one AC power supply 52 and another AC power supply 52 are connected to the electrode 5 shared, one of these two AC power supplies 52 can be made to function by adjusting the voltage level, It is possible to perform control such that the other is functioning or both are not functioning.

It is possible to control independently by performing the same control even when a plurality of AC power sources 52 are continuous or when a DC power source 51 and a plurality of AC power sources 52 are continuous. For example, the seventeenth embodiment shown in FIG. 17 has a structure in which a DC power source 51 is disposed between two AC power sources 52. In this case, one of the two electrodes 5 of the DC power supply 51 can function as a ground electrode, and the other can function as an electrode 5 having a predetermined voltage difference from the ground electrode. If the ground electrode is the first reference electrode 5 at the voltage level, the electrode 5 having a predetermined voltage becomes the second reference electrode 5. Then, each part can be driven by generating alternating currents by the two AC power sources 52 at voltage levels based on the voltages of the first reference electrode 5 and the second reference electrode 5.

FIG. 25 is an example of a method for manufacturing the planar light emitter 100. The planar light emitter 100 of each embodiment can be formed using a lamination process. In FIG. 25, the manufacture example of the planar light-emitting body 100 of Embodiment 17 is shown. FIG. 25 is merely an example of a method of manufacturing the planar light emitter 100, and the planar light emitter 100 can be formed by an appropriate method. With reference to FIG. 25, the manufacture of other embodiments will be understood.

In manufacturing the planar light emitter 100, first, as shown in FIG. 25A, a substrate 6 is prepared. The substrate 6 functions as a formation substrate and becomes the first substrate 6x. Then, as shown in FIG. 25B, the light scattering variable portion 20 is formed on the substrate 6. At this time, when the material of the light scattering variable layer 2 is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, stacking is facilitated. This is because polymer-dispersed liquid crystals often have shape retention and can be stacked without using a liquid phase injection method.

Next, as shown in FIG. 25C, the planar light emitting unit 10 is formed on the light scattering variable unit 20. The planar light emitting unit 10 can be formed by laminating the layers of the organic EL elements constituting the planar light emitting unit 10. Lamination can be performed by any method such as sputtering, vapor deposition, coating, or a combination thereof. The electrode 5 of the light scattering variable unit 20 and the electrode 5 of the planar light emitting unit 10 may be shared.

As shown in FIG. 25D, after the planar light emitting unit 10 is formed, a second substrate 6y that functions as a sealing substrate is disposed as a substrate 6 on the side where the stacked body is provided, facing the first substrate 6x, A material constituting the first light reflection variable unit 31 is injected between the second substrate 6 y and the planar light emitting unit 10. Since the material which comprises the 1st light reflection variable part 31 may be a liquid crystal, the 1st light reflection variable part 31 can be formed easily by the injection method. The outer peripheral portion of the first substrate 6x and the second substrate 6y may be bonded with an adhesive. The adhesive may function as a spacer.

Then, as shown in FIG. 25E, after the first light reflection variable portion 31 is formed, the third substrate 6z is disposed as the substrate 6 so as to face the second substrate 6y, and the second substrate 6y and the third substrate 6z are arranged. In the meantime, a material constituting the second light reflection variable portion 32 is injected. Since the material constituting the second light reflection variable portion 32 can be liquid crystal, the second light reflection variable portion 32 can be easily formed by an injection method. The outer periphery of the second substrate 6y and the third substrate 6z may be bonded with an adhesive. The adhesive may function as a spacer.

In this method, lamination is performed from the first surface F1 side. The outer surface of the first substrate 6x is the first surface F1, and the outer surface of the third substrate 6z is the second surface F2. Of course, the lamination may be performed from the second surface F2 side. Moreover, you may make it match | combine what was laminated | stacked from the 1st surface F1 side, and what was laminated | stacked from the 2nd surface F2 side. Thus, the planar light emitter 100 can be obtained.

FIG. 26 shows an example of the function of the planar light emitter 100. In FIG. 26, each part is schematically illustrated. Arrows indicate the progress of light. In FIG. 26, the functioning part is indicated by hatching. “Functional” means that the light scattering property is exhibited in the light scattering variable portion 20, the light is emitted in the planar light emitting portion 10, and the light reflection is reflected in the light reflection variable portion 30. It is in a state where sex is being demonstrated. If each part is not functioning, it can be transparent. In order to simplify the description, an intermediate state of light scattering and light reflectivity is not shown, but an intermediate state may be present. Moreover, although the light absorption variable part 40 is not shown, it will be understood that the light absorption variable part 40 is provided. In FIG. 26, FIGS. 26A to 26G are different in the function state of each part, and are in different states as the planar light emitter 100. FIG.

Table 1 is a table corresponding to the state of the planar light emitter 100 shown in FIG. The functioning part is displayed as ON, and the functioning part is displayed as OFF. In the on / off display, ON may be considered “ON” and OFF may be considered “OFF”. Each part may be controlled to be ON and OFF by switching. The ON and OFF may be different from the presence or absence of voltage application. For example, the light scattering variable unit 20 may exhibit light scattering properties when no voltage is applied, and may not exhibit light scattering properties when a voltage is applied. Turns on when no voltage is applied. In addition, for example, the light reflection variable unit 30 may exhibit light reflectivity when no voltage is applied and may not exhibit light reflectivity when a voltage is applied. In this case, the voltage application is OFF. Thus, it is turned on when no voltage is applied. Such control is easily performed when the liquid crystal is used as a light scattering variable or light reflection variable material.

Referring to FIG. 26 and Table 1, functions when the planar light emitter 100 is arranged using a window or the like will be described. In the window, the planar light emitting body 100 can be arranged with the first surface F1 on the indoor side and the second surface F2 on the outdoor side. The planar light-emitting body 100 has high utility value because it can change optical characteristics.

FIG. 26A shows the state A, where the light reflection variable unit 30 is ON, and the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20 are OFF. In the state A, the light reflection variable unit 30 exhibits light reflectivity. The planar light emitting unit 10 does not emit light, and the light scattering variable unit 20 is transparent without having light scattering properties. In the state A, the light from the outside (the second surface F2 side) is reflected by the light reflection variable unit 30 and does not enter the inside (the first surface F1 side). Therefore, it can have a light shielding effect. In addition, light from the inside (first surface F1 side) is reflected by the light reflection variable unit 30 and returns to the inside (first surface F1 side). Therefore, it can function as a mirror. Of course, in this state, it may not function as a mirror depending on the degree of reflectivity.

FIG. 26B shows a state B, where the light reflection variable unit 30 and the light scattering variable unit 20 are OFF, and the planar light emitting unit 10 is ON. In the state B, the planar light emitting unit 10 emits light. The light reflection variable unit 30 is transparent without having light reflectivity. The light scattering variable unit 20 is transparent without having light scattering properties. In the state B, the light generated in the planar light emitting unit 10 is emitted inside (the first surface F1 side). Therefore, it can have a lighting effect. Further, the light from the outside (second surface F2 side) reaches the inside (first surface F1 side) through the light reflection variable portion 30, the planar light emitting portion 10, and the light scattering variable portion 20. During the day, outside light can be used. Therefore, it is possible to obtain daylighting from the outside and enhance the lighting effect. It is also possible to emit the light from the planar light emitting unit 10 to the outside (on the second surface F2 side). Therefore, double-sided light emission can be achieved. At night it is possible to illuminate the outside. For example, the light to the inside can be used for illumination, and the light to the outside can be used for illumination.

FIG. 26C shows a state C, in which the light reflection variable unit 30 and the planar light emitting unit 10 are OFF, and the light scattering variable unit 20 is ON. In the state B, the light scattering variable unit 20 exhibits light scattering properties. The planar light emitting unit 10 does not emit light, and the light reflection variable unit 30 is transparent without having light reflectivity. In the state C, the light from the outside (the second surface F2 side) is scattered by the light scattering variable unit 20, and the scattered light is emitted inside (the first surface F1 side). Light from the inside (first surface F1 side) is scattered by the light scattering variable unit 20, and scattered light is emitted to the outside (second surface F2 side). Therefore, although the light reaches the opposite side, the object existing on the opposite side is blurred and difficult to visually recognize. The planar light-emitting body 100 is in a semitransparent state. Thereby, since it can be made to look blurry through light, the function of privacy protection can be provided. In the daytime, it is possible to obtain daylighting from the outside while protecting the privacy. In the state C, the planar light-emitting body 100 can be ground glass or cloudy glass.

FIG. 26D shows a state D, where the light reflection variable section 30 and the planar light emitting section 10 are ON, and the light scattering variable section 20 is OFF. In the state D, the planar light emitting unit 10 emits light. The light reflection variable unit 30 exhibits light reflectivity. The light scattering variable unit 20 is transparent without having light scattering properties. In the state D, the light generated by the planar light emitting unit 10 is emitted inside (the first surface F1 side). At this time, not only the light directly directed from the light emitting source of the planar light emitting unit 10 toward the first surface F1 but also the light directed from the light emitting source toward the second surface F2 is reflected by the light reflection variable unit 30 to be reflected on the first surface. The light can be emitted from the first surface F 1 by converting the light toward the F 1 side. Therefore, the luminous efficiency can be increased, and the illumination effect can be increased. Moreover, similarly to the state A, the light from the outside can be blocked and the light shielding effect can be exhibited. In the state D, since light is not scattered by the light scattering variable unit 20, light with high orientation can be obtained, and light can be emitted with high efficiency in a specific direction.

FIG. 26E shows a state E, in which the planar light emitting unit 10 and the light scattering variable unit 20 are ON, and the light reflection variable unit 30 is OFF. In the state E, the planar light emitting unit 10 emits light. The light scattering variable unit 20 exhibits light scattering properties. The light reflection variable unit 30 is transparent without having light reflectivity. In the state E, the light generated in the planar light emitting unit 10 is emitted inside (the first surface F1 side). At this time, the light traveling from the planar light emitting unit 10 toward the inside (the first surface F1 side) can be scattered by the light scattering variable unit 20, and the scattered light can be emitted to the inside. Therefore, angle dependency can be reduced and light can be obtained, and a high illumination effect can be obtained. In addition, since the light reflection variable part 30 is not functioning, the light generated in the planar light emitting part 10 is directed to the outside (the second face F2 side). Therefore, double-sided light emission is also possible.

FIG. 26F shows the state F, and the light reflection variable section 30, the planar light emitting section 10, and the light scattering variable section 20 are ON. In the state F, the planar light emitting unit 10 emits light. The light scattering variable unit 20 exhibits light scattering properties. The light reflection variable unit 30 exhibits light reflectivity. In the state F, the light generated in the planar light emitting unit 10 is emitted inside (the first surface F1 side). At this time, not only the light directly directed from the light emitting source of the planar light emitting unit 10 toward the first surface F1 but also the light directed from the light emitting source toward the second surface F2 is reflected by the light reflection variable unit 30 to be reflected on the first surface. The light can be emitted from the first surface F 1 by converting the light toward the F 1 side. Moreover, the light which goes to the inside (1st surface F1 side) from the planar light emission part 10 is scattered by the light-scattering variable part 20, and the scattered light can be radiate | emitted inside. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency is high, the angle dependency can be reduced, light can be obtained, and the illumination effect can be enhanced. Moreover, similarly to the state A, the light from the outside can be blocked and the light shielding effect can be exhibited. State F is an excellent state for illumination.

FIG. 26G shows the state G, and the light reflection variable portion 30, the planar light emitting portion 10, and the light scattering variable portion 20 are OFF. In the state G, the planar light emitting unit 10 does not emit light. The light scattering variable unit 20 is transparent without having light scattering properties. The light reflection variable unit 30 is transparent without having light reflectivity. In the state G, light from one of the inside (the first surface F1 side) and the outside (the second surface F2 side) can pass through the other. Therefore, it can be used as a transparent member. For example, it can be used as a transparent window. In the state G, lighting from the outside to the inside is possible.

The function when the planar light emitter 100 has the light absorption variable portion 40 can be understood based on FIG. When the light absorption variable part 40 is turned on, the light absorption variable part 40 exhibits light absorption. When the light absorption variable part 40 is turned off, the light absorption variable part 40 does not have light absorption and becomes transparent. When the light absorption variable unit 40 is OFF, the function is the same as described with reference to FIG. When the light absorption variable unit 40 is turned on, it is possible to suppress or eliminate the passage of light from the outside (second surface F2 side) to the inside (first surface F1 side). Therefore, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the planar light emitter 100 due to light. In addition, it is possible to enhance the ultraviolet blocking effect by suppressing the penetration of ultraviolet rays into the indoor space, or to enhance the heat shielding effect by suppressing the penetration of infrared rays into the indoor space.

When the light absorption variable portion 40 is provided, the following functions are exhibited in each state. In the state A of FIG. 26A, when the light absorption variable unit 40 is turned on, light reflection on the outside (the second surface F2 side) can be eliminated. In the states B, D, E, and F of FIGS. 26B, 26D, 26E, and 26F, when the light absorption variable unit 40 is turned on, light is emitted on the second surface F2 side behind the planar light emitting unit 10. By exhibiting the absorptivity, the contrast of light can be increased and clearer light emission can be obtained. In the case of states B and E in FIGS. 26B and 26E, light can be prevented from being emitted to the outside (the second surface F2 side). In the state G of FIG. 26G, when the light absorption variable unit 40 is turned on, light shielding can be performed. In the case where the light absorption variable unit 40 is provided, when the light from the planar light emitting unit 10 is extracted and used for illumination or the like, it is more preferable that the light absorption variable unit 40 is further ON in the state F. When the light absorption variable section 40 is turned on, the light absorption variable section 40 is preferably black.

It will be understood that the planar light emitter 100 may have functions other than those described above. For example, the planar light emitter 100 can suppress glare. The planar light emitter 100 can be used as a curtain that blocks light. For example, when the light reflection property and the light scattering property are in an intermediate state, the brightness and the color can be adjusted. The planar light emitter 100 can change its optical state by switching.

The planar light emitter 100 can be applied to various uses that can utilize the optical characteristics described above. The planar light emitter 100 can be used as a lighting device. In the illuminating device constituted by the planar light emitter 100, it is possible to obtain excellent light emission characteristics at the time of lighting. In addition, when not lit, light can be reflected to block or mirror, or transmitted to make the opposite side visible, or to be translucent to protect privacy.

FIG. 27 is an example of the planar light emitter 100, which is an example used for a lighting device.

The planar light emitting body 100 preferably includes a frame body 60 that surrounds the light scattering variable section 20, the planar light emitting section 10, and the light reflection variable section 30 on the outer periphery. Thereby, the intensity | strength of the planar light-emitting body 100 can be raised. Moreover, the side part of the planar light-emitting body 100 can be protected. Moreover, the handleability of the planar light emitter 100 can be improved. When the planar light-emitting body 100 has the light absorption variable part 40, it is preferable that the frame 60 surrounds the light absorption variable part 40 by outer periphery.

The frame body 60 preferably has a power feeding unit 61. Thereby, since electricity can be supplied to the planar light-emitting body 100, said function can be exhibited effectively. The power feeding unit 61 is electrically connected to the electrode 5. Thereby, electricity can be supplied to the planar light emitter 100. The power feeding unit 61 is preferably connected to the electrode 5 so as not to be electrically short-circuited. For example, the power feeding unit 61 corresponding to each of the electrode 5a and the electrode 5b of the planar light emitting unit 10 is provided in an insulated manner. The same applies to the light scattering variable unit 20, the light reflection variable unit 30, and the light absorption variable unit 40. The power feeding unit 61 can be composed of an electrode pad, a metal member, or the like.

The power feeding unit 61 is preferably configured to be connected to an external power source. Thereby, electricity can be easily supplied. Of course, the planar light emitter 100 may be capable of having an internal power source such as a battery in the frame body 60. By using an internal power supply, it is possible to drive without requiring an external power supply.

An appropriate method may be used for the electrical connection between the power supply unit 61 and the electrode 5. The power feeding unit 61 and the electrode 5 may be electrically connected in a contact manner or may be electrically connected in a non-contact manner. The power supply unit 61 and the electrode 5 are preferably configured to be capable of supplying power in a non-contact manner. In the non-contact type, it is easy to form a power feeding structure. The non-contact type power feeding is a method in which electricity can be conducted when the portion of the electrode 5 that receives electricity and the power feeding portion 61 are not in direct contact with each other because they are close to each other. In the non-contact method, an openable / closable window having the planar light emitter 100 can be easily formed. Of course, power may be supplied in a contact manner, in which case electricity can be easily passed.

The frame 60 preferably has a power storage unit 62. As a result, even when the power supply from the external power supply is stopped because the connection with the external power supply is inadvertently disconnected or the power supply from the external power supply is stopped due to a power failure or the like, power supply from the power storage unit 62 is performed. Can do. Therefore, it becomes possible to drive stably. The power storage unit 62 can be configured by a battery such as a secondary battery. For example, a lithium battery may be used. The power storage unit 62 is preferably electrically connected to the power supply unit 61. Thereby, electricity can be supplied to the power feeding unit 61. The power storage unit 62 may be electrically connected to an external power source. In that case, the power storage unit 62 can be charged. Note that in the planar light emitter 100 that is not connected to an external power source, the power storage unit 62 can be an internal power source.

FIG. 27A is an example in which a frame body 60 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of one planar light-emitting body 100. The frame body 60 includes a power feeding unit 61 and a power storage unit 62. The planar light emitter 100 may have a shape such as a rectangle or a square. Thereby, it becomes easy to arrange in a planar shape. Moreover, handleability can be improved. Of course, the shape of the planar light emitter 100 is not limited to this, and may be a polygonal shape or a circular shape.

27B and 27C are examples in which a plurality of planar light emitters 100 are arranged in a planar shape. A plurality of planar light emitters 100 may be arranged in a planar shape. In these examples, four planar light emitters 100 are used. The number of planar light emitters 100 is not limited to four, and may be 9, 16, 25, and the like. By disposing the planar light emitter 100 in a planar shape, it is possible to obtain a large area illumination. The shape of the planar light emitters 100 (illumination device) arranged in a planar shape may be a rectangle, a square, or the like.

In FIG. 27B, the plurality of planar light emitters 100 are arranged in contact with each other without the frame body 60 interposed therebetween. Thereby, the shadow of the frame 60 is suppressed, and the optical characteristics can be improved.

In FIG. 27C, each of the plurality of planar light emitting bodies 100 is surrounded by the frame body 60 and arranged in a planar shape via the frame body 60. As a result, power supply is facilitated, and electricity can be supplied more uniformly to the individual planar light emitters 100. Moreover, the part of the frame 60 can be used as a frame pattern, and the design property can be improved. A frame 60 is disposed between the adjacent planar light emitters 100.

27B and 27C, it is a preferable aspect that the states of the individual planar light emitters 100 are individually controlled. In this case, the planar light emitter 100 can be divided into segments. When the planar light-emitting body 100 is individually controlled, a desired function can be provided for each desired portion, so that optical characteristics can be improved. For example, it is possible to perform control such that part of the light is emitted and used as illumination, and the other part is scattered to form a frosted glass. FIG. 27C is more advantageous for performing individual control.

27A to 27C can be used as a lighting device. 27A to 27C can be used as a building material. 27A to 27C can be used as a window. A window that creates different states of optical properties can be defined as an active window.

The planar light-emitting body 100 is an aspect that is preferably used as a building material. In the building material comprised by the planar light-emitting body 100, the building material excellent in the optical characteristic can be obtained. As a building material, a window is more preferable. The window can be used for either the inner window or the outer window. Further, an in-vehicle window can be used as the window. The in-vehicle window may be a window for vehicles such as an automatic vehicle, a train, a locomotive, and a train, an airplane, and a ship. As building materials, it can also be used for wall materials, partitions, signage and the like. The signage may be a so-called lighting advertisement. The wall material may be for the outer wall or for the inner wall.

The planar light emitter 100 may be a display device. The display device may include a display structure such as a TFT. The display structure may be formed in a planar shape and overlapped with the planar light emitter 100 in the thickness direction. The display structure may be incorporated in the planar light emitter 100 or may be superimposed on the surface of the planar light emitter 100. The display device can be used as a signage. For example, a signage that displays an image can be obtained.

The planar light emitter 100 may include one or more of a heat insulating layer, an ultraviolet cut layer, and an infrared cut layer. When the heat insulating layer is provided, the heat insulating effect can be enhanced. When the ultraviolet cut layer is provided, the transmission of ultraviolet rays can be suppressed. When the infrared cut layer is provided, the heat shielding effect can be enhanced. In the ultraviolet cut layer, for example, it is possible to prevent ultraviolet rays from passing from the outside to the inside. For this reason, it can be used as a window having an ultraviolet cut function. The ultraviolet cut layer is preferably provided on the second surface F2 side with respect to the planar light emitting unit 10, and more preferably provided on the second surface F2 side with respect to the light reflection variable unit 30. Thereby, deterioration of the planar light emitter 100 can be suppressed. The ultraviolet cut layer may be provided on both sides. When the planar light emitter 100 is disposed outdoors, there is a risk of receiving ultraviolet rays from both sides, but even in such a case, deterioration inside the planar light emitter 100 can be suppressed. It is preferable that the heat insulation layer, the ultraviolet ray cut layer, and the infrared ray cut layer are transparent. Thereby, each function can be provided while maintaining the optical characteristics of the planar light emitter 100. The planar light emitter 100 may include all of a heat insulating layer, an ultraviolet cut layer, and an infrared cut layer.

FIG. 28 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a window provided with the planar light emitter 100. In FIG. 28, for easy understanding, the hidden part is illustrated as appropriate, and the front part is disassembled so that the layer structure can be understood. This window can be a building material. This window can be a lighting device. The window may be a built-in window or a window that can be opened and closed. The window includes a planar light emitter 100 having a light scattering variable portion 20, a planar light emitting portion 10, and a light reflection variable portion 30. Therefore, the function described above can be exhibited, and a window having excellent optical characteristics can be obtained.

28, the pattern 63 is embedded in the planar light emitter 100. In the example of the window in FIG. The design can be enhanced by the pattern 63. The pattern 63 may be a fibrous pattern. Of course, the pattern 63 may be configured by a pattern. When the pattern 63 is provided, the pattern 63 is preferably made of a conductive material and is in contact with the electrode 5. Thereby, the electrical conductivity of the electrode 5 can be assisted, and the electrical efficiency can be enhanced while improving the design. Of course, the planar light emitter 100 may not have the pattern 63.

The window shown in FIG. The frame 60 can be a sash. The frame body 60 has a power feeding unit 61. Therefore, electricity can be supplied to the planar light emitter 100. The frame 60 has a power storage unit 62. Therefore, the driving of the planar light emitter 100 can be stabilized. The frame body 60 may have a ventilation port 64. Thereby, arousal can be performed. The ventilation port 64 is preferably configured to be openable and closable. The ventilation port 64 can be comprised with a louver etc., for example.

Claims

A planar light-emitting part composed of an organic electroluminescence element having light transmission, a light scattering variable part capable of changing the degree of light scattering, and a light reflection variable part capable of changing the degree of light reflection. Prepared,
A first surface configured to extract light from the planar light emitting unit, and a second surface disposed on the opposite side of the first surface;
The light scattering variable portion, the planar light emitting portion, and the light reflection variable portion are disposed in the thickness direction between the first surface and the second surface,
The said light reflection variable part is a planar light-emitting body arrange | positioned at the said 2nd surface side rather than the said planar light emission part and the said light-scattering variable part.
The light reflection variable unit has a high reflection state with high light reflectivity, a low reflection state with low or no light reflectivity, and light reflectivity between the high reflection state and the low reflection state. The planar light-emitting body according to claim 1, wherein the planar light-emitting body is configured to have a state of exhibiting.
The light scattering variable unit has a high scattering state with a high light scattering property, a low scattering state with a low light scattering property or no light scattering property, and a light scattering property between the high scattering state and the low scattering state. The planar light-emitting body according to claim 1, wherein the planar light-emitting body is configured to have a state of exerting.
The planar light emitting portion has a pair of electrodes and an organic light emitting layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,
The light reflection variable portion has a pair of electrodes and a light reflection variable layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,
The planar light emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the planar light emitting unit and the light reflection variable unit have at least one shared electrode.
The planar light emitting portion has a pair of electrodes and an organic light emitting layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,
The light scattering variable part has a pair of electrodes and a light scattering variable layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,
The planar light emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the planar light emitting section and the light scattering variable section have at least one shared electrode.
It has a light absorption variable part that can change the degree of light absorption,
The planar light emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the light absorption variable portion is disposed closer to the second surface than the planar light emitting portion.
The light absorption variable portion has a pair of electrodes and a light absorption variable layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,
The light reflection variable portion has a pair of electrodes and a light reflection variable layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,
The planar light-emitting body according to claim 6, wherein the light reflection variable part and the light absorption variable part have at least one shared electrode.
The light reflection variable unit includes a first light reflection variable unit capable of reflecting the first polarized light, and a second light reflection variable unit capable of reflecting the second polarized light.
The planar light emission according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first light reflection variable portion and the second light reflection variable portion are arranged such that portions having variable light reflectivity are spaced apart from each other. body.
The first light reflection variable portion includes a pair of electrodes and a first light reflection variable layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,
The second light reflection variable portion includes a pair of electrodes and a second light reflection variable layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,
The planar light-emitting body according to claim 8, wherein the first light reflection variable portion and the second light reflection variable portion have at least one shared electrode.
The portion where the light reflection is variable is separated by disposing the shared electrode between the first light reflection variable layer and the second light reflection variable layer. Planar light emitter.
The planar light-emitting body according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a flexible sheet is disposed between the first light reflection variable portion and the second light reflection variable portion.
Comprising a substrate having the first surface;
The planar light-emitting body according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a plate body made of the same kind of material as that of the substrate is disposed between the first light reflection variable section and the second light reflection variable section. .
The planar light emitter according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the light scattering variable section, the planar light emitting section, and the light reflection variable section are configured to be independently driven. .
A frame that surrounds the light scattering variable portion, the planar light emitting portion, and the light reflection variable portion with an outer periphery;
The planar light-emitting body according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the frame includes a power feeding unit.
The planar light-emitting body according to claim 14, wherein the frame includes a power storage unit.
An illumination device comprising the planar light-emitting body according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and a power feeding unit.
A building material comprising the planar light-emitting body according to any one of claims 1 to 15 and a power feeding unit.