WO2015094097A1 - Arrangement and method for regulating the temperature of an electrical energy storage in a vehicle - Google Patents

Arrangement and method for regulating the temperature of an electrical energy storage in a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015094097A1
WO2015094097A1 PCT/SE2014/051502 SE2014051502W WO2015094097A1 WO 2015094097 A1 WO2015094097 A1 WO 2015094097A1 SE 2014051502 W SE2014051502 W SE 2014051502W WO 2015094097 A1 WO2015094097 A1 WO 2015094097A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
electric energy
storage system
temperature
liquid medium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2014/051502
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Artiom LAMADRID
Ola Hall
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to DE112014005303.1T priority Critical patent/DE112014005303B4/en
Publication of WO2015094097A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015094097A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement and a method to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system in a vehicle according to the preambles of claims 1 and 17.
  • Hybrid vehicles powered by electricity in combination with some other form of fuel are equipped w r ith an electric energy storage system for storage of electric energy and control equipment to control the flow of electric energy between the electric energy storage system and an electric machine which operates alternately as an engine and as a generator.
  • the electric energy storage system and the control equipment unavoidably provide a certain heating during operation.
  • the electric energy storage system should e.g. not be heated over a highest acceptable temperature which, for a certain type of electric energy storage system, may be in the range of 40°C.
  • the control equipment may, however, be heated to a somewhat higher temperature. The electric energy storage system and the control equipment should thus be cooled during operation.
  • discharging is not possible if the temperature is too low. If charging occurs at too low temperatures, it may also lead to lasting damage to the electric energy storage system.
  • the problem with low temperatures in the energy storage system arises primarily in connection with cold starts and when the vehicle is driven in cold ambient temperatures. Accordingly, it is also important that the temperature of the electric energy storage system is not too low during operation.
  • US 2010/0100266 shows a thermal control system which facilitates control of the temperature of an electric energy storage system and control equipment in a vehicle.
  • the control system comprises, in some of the embodiments in the document, a conduit circuit with a circulating coolant which first comes in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system and subsequently with the control equipment.
  • a thermostat leads cold coolant via a radiator or non-cooled liquid via a bypass conduit to the el ectric energy storage system. The thermostat detects the temperature of the coolant before it is led to the electric energy storage system.
  • the cooling system also comprises a heating device and a cooling device which are arranged at a distance from the electric energy storage system. This control system has a complicated structure and the thermostat seems to lead coolant with a substantially constant temperature to the electric energy storage system.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a relatively simple arrangement which controls the temperature of an electric energy storage system in a vehicle in a reliable manner, so that it substantially always has a suitable temperature during operation.
  • the arrangement thus comprises a heating device and a cooling device each of which is arranged in a parallel conduit in a position immediately upstream of the electric energy storage system.
  • the term immediately upstream of the electric energy storage sysieni means that the liquid medium does not come into contact with any other heat transmitting components when it is led from the heating device or the cooling device to the electric energy storage system.
  • the valve element With the help of the valve element, the liquid medium led through one of the parallel conduits may be heated when the electric energy storage system has a lower temperature than the lower threshold and cooled when the electric energy storage system has a higher temperature than an upper threshold.
  • the electric energy storage system may thus obtain a heat transfer through contact with the circulating means, as a result of which it substantially always maintains a suitable temperature during operation.
  • Most types of batteries have a suitable operating temperature within a determined temperature range. In some types of batteries, ageing increases dramatically at temperatures over 40-45 °C. Certain types of batteries cannot withstand temperatures below 0 °C.
  • the suitable temperature area advantageously has a good margin to such a maximum temperature and a good margin to such a minimum temperature.
  • the valve element in this case leads the liquid to the parallel conduit which contains the cooling device when the electric energy storage system has a higher temperature than the upper threshold of the temperature range, and to the parallel conduit with the heating device when the electric energy storage system has a lower temperature than the lower threshold of the temperature range.
  • the above arrangement has a simple structure; few components parts and a reliable function.
  • the valve element is adapted to lead the liquid medium through a specific parallel conduit in which there is no heat exchange at operating times when the electric energy storage system has a higher temperature than the lower threshold and a lower temperature than the upper threshold.
  • Said specific parallel conduit may consist of one of the parallel conduits which comprises the heating device or the cooling device, wherein the heating device or the cooling device are adapted to be shut off when the liquid medium is led through the conduit at times where the electric energy storage system has a higher temperature than the lower threshold and a lower temperature than the upper threshold.
  • one of the parallel conduits is thus used, which comprises the heating device or the cooling device in order to lead the liquid medium to the electric energy storage system.
  • the valve element may consist of a two-way valve.
  • said specific parallel conduit may consist of a separate paral lel conduit.
  • three parallel conduits are required and the valve element may in this case consi st of a three-way val ve.
  • the liquid form means is adapted to be led in heat transferring contact with at least one component, which is adapted to control the flow of electric energy to and from the electric energy storage system, after it has been in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system.
  • the vehicle may comprise control equipment in the form of components such as DC converters and inverters to lead electric energy between the electric energy storage system and an electric machine and other electrically powered components, such as electric AC compressors, electric servo units and electric air compressors.
  • the control equipment may also provide charging to a low voltage battery in the vehicle.
  • the control equipment requires coolmg during operation.
  • the control equipment may, however, have a higher temperature than the electric energy storage system .
  • the DC converter and the inverter are cooied in a series after the electric energy storage system in a sequence so that the component that requires the lowest temperature is cooled before the component that may have a higher temperature.
  • the arrangement is adapted to estimate the electric energy storage system's temperature with the help of the temperature of the liquid medium in a conduit that receives the liquid medium after it has left the electric energy storage system.
  • the liquid medium is advantageously led in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system, so that the temperature of the liquid medium substantially corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system when it leaves the electric energy storage system.
  • the valve element is a thermostat.
  • Thermostats are cheap components which take up little space, all the while they have a reliable function.
  • the thermostat may comprise a wax element which changes phase at a control temperature that corresponds to the upper threshold value or the lower threshold value. Accordingly, the thermostat may lead the liquid medium to different parallel conduits depending on whether the electric energy storage sy.Mem has a temperature which is higher or lower than said threshold values.
  • the thermostat is arranged in a position in connection with the parallel conduits which are arranged upstream of the electric energy storage system. That the thermostat detects the temperature of the coolant in this position is not suitable since it is not
  • the line circuit therefore advantageously comprises a pilot line which leads a part of the liquid medium from the conduit, which receives the liquid medium after it has left the electric energy storage system, to the thermostat.
  • a pilot line which leads a part of the liquid medium to the thermostat from a position immediately downstream of the electric energy storage system, the thermostat obtains a good indicat ion of the temperature of the electric energy storage system and of whether it needs to be heated or cooled.
  • the line circuit may comprise a conduit which leads the liquid medium from the thermostat to an expansion tank.
  • the line circuit may be comprised in a separate system or constitute a part of a conventional cooling system in a vehicle.
  • the conduit which leads the liquid medium from the thermostat to an expansion tank may be a deaeration conduit. Accordingly, this conduit has a double function, which reduces the number of conduits in the line circuit.
  • the valve element is a magnet valve.
  • a magnet valve is more expensive than a thermostat but it may also be used to realise the present invention.
  • the arrangement may in this case comprise a sensor which is adapted to directly or indirectly detect the temperature of the electric energy storage system and a control device which is adapted to receive information from said sensor and to control the magnet valve, so that it leads the liquid medium through one of the said parallel conduits depending on the temperature of the electric energy storage system.
  • the magnet valve may be a two-way valve or a three-way valve.
  • the heating device is an electrical heating element.
  • An electrical heating element may in a relatively simple manner be applied in one of the parallel conduits. It may also be shut off easily with a suitably located power switch.
  • the heating device may consist of a heat exchanger which receives a warm medium that may be warm coolant, charge air or exhausts. In this case the flow of the warm medium may be shut off with a suitably located valve.
  • the cooling device may comprise a radiator where the liquid medium is cooled by air. Air with an ambient temperature is an effective coolant. Generally, it also has a temperature which is lower than a highest suitable temperature for the electric energy storage system.
  • a heat exchanger with a cold medium may be used, such as cold coolant or the refrigerant in an evaporator of an AC or other compressor cooling system in the vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 shows an arrangement to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows an arrangement to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows an arrangement to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system according to a third embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 4 shows an arrangement to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic vehicle 1 which may be a hybrid vehicle powered by electricity in combination with some other form of fuel.
  • the vehicle 1 may also be a purely electrically powered vehicle.
  • the vehicle 1 is equipped with an electric energy storage system 2 which may be an accumulator with any number of galvanic cells.
  • the electric energy storage system 2 is advantageously a high voltage batten'.
  • the electric energy storage system 2 is connected with a non-displayed electric machine which may operate alternately as an engine and a generator.
  • the control equipment in the form of components such as a DC converter 3 and an inverter 4, is required to lead the electric energy between the electric energy storage system 2 and the electric machine during operation of th e vehicle 1.
  • the batteries 2 h ave an inner resistance and are accordingly heated during operation.
  • Most types of batteries 2 have a suitable operating temperature within a relatively narrow temperature range, which may e.g. be within the area 15- 30°.
  • the performance of an electric energy storage system is significantly reduced if it has a temperature which is too high or too low.
  • An electric energy storage system 2 may also incur lasting damage and accelerated ageing if it is operated at an unsuitable temperature.
  • An electric energy storage system 2 thus needs to be cooled during certain operating conditions and heated during other operating conditions in order to achieve a desired performance.
  • the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 are heated during operation depending on how hard the)' are working. They should not have a temperature above an upper threshold in order to function as desired. They may, however, be heated to a higher temperature than the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 thus also need to be cooled during operation.
  • Fig. 1 shows an arrangement which is adapted to maintain a suitable operating temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the arrangement comprises a line circuit 5 and a pump 6 that circulate a liquid medium in the line circuit 3 during the operation of the vehicle 1.
  • the liquid medium may have the same composition as the coolant in a conventional cooling system in a vehicle.
  • the pump 6 leads the liquid medium, via an initial conduit 5a, to a valve element in the form of a thermostat 7.
  • the thermostat 7 is adapted to lead the liquid medium to a first parallel conduit 5b which contains a heating device 8 or to a second parallel conduit 5c which contains a cooling device 9.
  • the heating device 8 is, in this case, an electric heating aggregate.
  • the heating device 8 may consist of a heat exchanger through which a warm medium flows which may e.g. be warm coolant, charge air or exhausts.
  • the cooling device 9 is, in this case, a heat exchanger in the form of a radiator through which air, which may have the ambient temperature, flows.
  • the cooling device 9 may also be a heat exchanger through which cold coolant flows, or an evaporator in a compressor cooling plant.
  • the parallel conduits 5b, 5c converge into a joint conduit 5d which leads the liquid medium to the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the liquid medium is led through suitably formed channels in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the liquid medium which leaves the electric energy storage system 2 thus has a temperature which substantially corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the liquid medium that leaves the electric energy storage system 2 is received in a conduit 5e.
  • the conduit 5e leads the liquid medium to the DC converter 3 where it is led in heat transferring contact with the DC converter 3.
  • the liquid medium is subsequently led, via a conduit 5f, to the inverter 4, where it is led in heal transferring contact with the mverter 4.
  • the liquid medium is then led back to the pump 6 via a conduit 5g.
  • the arrangement comprises an expansion tank 10 which is connected with the conduit 5g via a conduit 5h which is a so-called static line.
  • the thermostat 7 comprises a sensor body that may be a wax element which changes phase from a solid state to a liquid state at a control temperature. Alternatively, the thermostat may be electrically controlled. When the wax element is in a solid state, the thermostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8. When the wax element is a liquid state, the thermostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the other parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 9.
  • the control temperature of the thermostat 7 corresponds, in this embodiment, to an upper threshold value t? of the temperature of the electric energy storage system, which may e.g. be 30°C.
  • the upper threshold value is advantageously set with a good margin to an upper maximum temperature at which the electric energy storage system 2 is subject to accelerated ageing.
  • the arrangement comprises a pilot line 5i which leads a small part of the liquid medium from the conduit 5e to the thermostat 7 where the liquid medium obtains heat transferring contact with the wax element. Since the liquid medium has a temperature in the conduit 5e which substantially corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2, the thermostat 7 detects, via the liquid medium in the pilot line 5i, a temperature that with good accuracy corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system.
  • an additional thermostat 11 has been arranged in the pilot line 5i.
  • the additional thermostat 1 1 is adapted to control the activation of the heating device 8 depending on the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2,
  • the heating device 8 is in this case thus an electrical heating device which may easily be shut off with the help of a power switch or a similar device.
  • Th e task of the thermostat 11 is to s hut off the heating device 8 when the electric energy storage system 2 has a higher temperature than the control temperature of the thermostat 11 and to activate the heating device 8 when the electric energy storage system has a lower temperature than the control temperature of the thermostat 1 1.
  • the control temperature of the thermostat 1 1 corresponds, in this embodiment, to a lower threshold value ti of the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2, which may e.g. be 15 °C.
  • the lower threshold value is advantageously set with a good margin to a minimum temperature at which the electric energy storage system 2 ceases to function.
  • the pump 6 circulates coolant in the line circuit 5,
  • the thermostat 7 detects, with the help of the liquid medium in the pilot line 5i, the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the thermostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8.
  • the additional thermostat 1 1 which accordingly also detects the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2 with the help of the liquid medium in the pilot line 5i, sets the heating device 8 into an active state.
  • the heating device accordingly supplies heating energy to the liquid medium in the first parallel conduit 5b.
  • the liquid medium is therefore heated to a temperature which is significantly higher than then temperature of the electric energy storage system 2,
  • the liquid medium accordingly provides an efficient and quick heating of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the liquid medium is cooled down, since it heats the electric energy storage system 2 so that it has substantially the same temperature as the electric energy storage system 2 when it reaches the conduit 5e.
  • the liquid medium subsequently cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 before it is led back to the pump 6.
  • the active heating results in the electric energy storage system 2 quickly achieving a temperature above the lower threshold value ti and thus a temperature within the temperature range which is suitable for operation of the eiectric energy storage system
  • the thermostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8.
  • the additional thermostat 1 1 now detects that the eiectric energy storage system 2 has a temperature above the lower threshold value.
  • the additional thermostat 11 therefore positions the heating device 8 in the off state.
  • the liquid medium is accordingly led through the first parallel conduit 5b without being heated by the heating device 8.
  • the thennostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the second parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 9.
  • the liquid medium thus obtains a cooling of the cooling device 9 to a lower temperature than the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the liquid medium accordingly provides an efficient cooling of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the active cooling leads to the electric energy storage system 2 quickly obtaining a lower temperature than the upper threshold value 2 and thus a temperature within the temperature range which is sui table for operati on of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows an al ternative embodiment.
  • a valve element in the form of a three-way thermostat 16 is used.
  • the three-way thennostat 16 may lead the liquid medium through three alternative conduits 5b, 5c, 5k.
  • the first parallel conduit comprises a heating device 8
  • the second parallel conduit comprises a cooling device 9
  • the third parallel conduit 5k comprises no heat transfening device.
  • the thermostat 16 detects that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature which is lower than a lower threshold value ⁇
  • the thermostat 16 leads the liquid medium through the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8.
  • the heating device 8 provides a heating of the liquid medium before it is led to the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the electric energy storage system 2 thus obtains an efficient and quick heating to a temperature within the suitable temperature area.
  • the thermostat 16 detects that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature which is higher than an upper threshold value t 2 , the thermostat 16 leads the liquid medium through the second parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 9.
  • the cooling device 9 provides a cooling of the liquid medium before it is led to the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the electric energy storage system 2 thus obtains an efficient and quick cooling to a temperature within the suitable temperature area.
  • the thermostat 16 detects that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature within the suitable area which is defined by the lower threshold value t3 ⁇ 4 and the upper threshold value t 2
  • the thermostat 16 leads the liquid medium through the third parallel conduit 5k where no heat exchange occurs.
  • the liquid medium is led, in this case, with an unchanged temperature in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system.
  • Fig. 3 shows an additional alternative embodiment of the arrangement.
  • a valve element in the form of a magnet valve 12 is used.
  • the magnet valve 12 is adapted to lead the liquid medium to the first parallel conduit 5b, which contains a heating device 8, or to the second parallel conduit 5c, which contains a cooling device 9.
  • the magnet valve 12 is controlled by a control device 13.
  • a temperature sensor 14 detects the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the temperature sensor 14 may detect the temperature of the coolant in the conduit 5e which substantial ly corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the control device 13 receives information substantially continuously from the temperature sensor 14 relating to the temperature of the electric energy storage system. At operating times where the electric energy storage system 2 has too low a temperature, which in this case is below 15 °C, the control device 13 sets the magnet valve into a state in which the liquid medium is led to the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8. Since the electric energy storage system 2 has too low a temperature, the control device 13 activates the heating device 8. The heating device 8 thus supplies heating energy to the liquid medium in the first parallel conduit 5b. The liquid medium is therefore heated to a temperature which is significantly higher than then temperature of the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium thus provides an efficient heating of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the temperature of the liquid medium falls when it heats the electric energy storage system 2 to a level so that it has substantially the same temperature as the electric energy storage system 2 when it reaches the conduit 5e.
  • the liquid medium subsequently cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 before it is led back to the pump 6.
  • the active heating results in the electric energy storage system 2 quickly achieving a higher temperature than the lower threshold value and thus a temperature within the temperature range which is suitable for operation of the electric energy storage system 2,
  • the magnet valve 12 leads the liquid medium to the conduit 5b and the heating device 8.
  • the control device 13 sets the heating device 8 into an off state.
  • the liquid medium is thus led through the first parallel conduit 5b without being heated by the heating device 8.
  • the liquid medium After the liquid medium has been in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system 2, it cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4, which as a rule have a higher temperature than the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the magnet valve 12 leads the liquid medium to the second parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 8, The liquid medium thus obtains a cooling of the cooling device 8 to a lower temperature than the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the liquid medium subsequently provides a cooling of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the liquid medium subsequently cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 before it is led back to the pump 6.
  • the active cooling leads to the electric energy storage system 2 quickly obtaining a lower temperature than the upper threshold value and thus a temperature within the temperature range which is suitable for operation of the electric energy storage system 2.
  • a valve element in the form of a three-way thermostat 16a is used.
  • the magnet val ve 16a may lead the liquid medium through three alternative conduits 5b, 5c, 5k.
  • the first parallel conduit comprises a heating device 8
  • the second parallel conduit comprises a cooling device 9
  • the third parallel conduit 5k comprises no heat transferring device.
  • the control device 13 receives information from the temperature sensor 14 indicating that the electric energy storage system 2 has a lower temperature than a lower threshold value ti
  • the magnet valve 16a leads the liquid medium through the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8.
  • the heating device 8 provides a heating of the liquid medium before it is led to the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the electric energy storage system 2 thus obtains an efficient and quick heating to a temperature within the suitable temperature area.
  • the control device 13 receives information from the temperature sensor 14 indicating that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature which is higher than an upper threshold value t 2 , the magnet valve 16a leads the liquid medium through the second parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 9.
  • the cooling device 9 provides a cooling of the liquid medium before it is led to the electric energy storage system 2.
  • the electric energy storage system 2 thus obtains an efficient and quick cooling to a temperature within the suitable temperature area.
  • the magnet valve 16a leads the liquid medium through the third parallel conduit 5k where no heat exchange occurs.
  • the liquid medium is led, in this case, with an unchanged temperature in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an arrangement and a method to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system (2) in a vehicle (1). The arrangement comprises a line circuit (5) which comprises a valve element (7, 7a, 16, 16a) and at least two parallel conduits (5b, 5c, 5k) which are arranged in a position immediately upstream of the electric energy storage system (2). One of the parallel conduits (5b) comprises a heating device (8) and another of the parallel conduits (5 c) comprises a cooling device (9), The valve element (7, 7a, 16, 16a) is adapted to lead the medium through the parallel conduit (5b), which comprises the heating device (8), at operating times when the electric energy storage system (2) has a temperature below a lower threshold value (tj), and to lead the medium through the parallel conduit (5c), which comprises the cooling device (9), at operating times when the electric energy storage system (2) has a temperature above an upper threshold value (t2).

Description

Arrangement asid method for regnlating the temperature of an electrical energy storage in a vehicle
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART
The present invention relates to an arrangement and a method to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system in a vehicle according to the preambles of claims 1 and 17.
Hybrid vehicles powered by electricity in combination with some other form of fuel are equipped writh an electric energy storage system for storage of electric energy and control equipment to control the flow of electric energy between the electric energy storage system and an electric machine which operates alternately as an engine and as a generator. The electric energy storage system and the control equipment unavoidably provide a certain heating during operation. In order for the electric energy storage system and the control equipment to be able to operate in a suitable manner, they should not be heated to an excessively high temperature. The electric energy storage system should e.g. not be heated over a highest acceptable temperature which, for a certain type of electric energy storage system, may be in the range of 40°C. The control equipment may, however, be heated to a somewhat higher temperature. The electric energy storage system and the control equipment should thus be cooled during operation.
In some types of electric energy storage systems, discharging is not possible if the temperature is too low. If charging occurs at too low temperatures, it may also lead to lasting damage to the electric energy storage system. The problem with low temperatures in the energy storage system arises primarily in connection with cold starts and when the vehicle is driven in cold ambient temperatures. Accordingly, it is also important that the temperature of the electric energy storage system is not too low during operation.
US 2010/0100266 shows a thermal control system which facilitates control of the temperature of an electric energy storage system and control equipment in a vehicle. The control system comprises, in some of the embodiments in the document, a conduit circuit with a circulating coolant which first comes in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system and subsequently with the control equipment. A thermostat leads cold coolant via a radiator or non-cooled liquid via a bypass conduit to the el ectric energy storage system. The thermostat detects the temperature of the coolant before it is led to the electric energy storage system. The cooling system also comprises a heating device and a cooling device which are arranged at a distance from the electric energy storage system. This control system has a complicated structure and the thermostat seems to lead coolant with a substantially constant temperature to the electric energy storage system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objective of the present invention is to provide a relatively simple arrangement which controls the temperature of an electric energy storage system in a vehicle in a reliable manner, so that it substantially always has a suitable temperature during operation.
This objective is achieved with the arrangement of the type specified at the beginning, which is characterised by the features specified in the characteristics of patent claim 1. The arrangement thus comprises a heating device and a cooling device each of which is arranged in a parallel conduit in a position immediately upstream of the electric energy storage system. The term immediately upstream of the electric energy storage sysieni means that the liquid medium does not come into contact with any other heat transmitting components when it is led from the heating device or the cooling device to the electric energy storage system. With the help of the valve element, the liquid medium led through one of the parallel conduits may be heated when the electric energy storage system has a lower temperature than the lower threshold and cooled when the electric energy storage system has a higher temperature than an upper threshold. The electric energy storage system may thus obtain a heat transfer through contact with the circulating means, as a result of which it substantially always maintains a suitable temperature during operation. Most types of batteries have a suitable operating temperature within a determined temperature range. In some types of batteries, ageing increases dramatically at temperatures over 40-45 °C. Certain types of batteries cannot withstand temperatures below 0 °C. The suitable temperature area advantageously has a good margin to such a maximum temperature and a good margin to such a minimum temperature. The valve element in this case leads the liquid to the parallel conduit which contains the cooling device when the electric energy storage system has a higher temperature than the upper threshold of the temperature range, and to the parallel conduit with the heating device when the electric energy storage system has a lower temperature than the lower threshold of the temperature range. The above arrangement has a simple structure; few components parts and a reliable function.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the valve element is adapted to lead the liquid medium through a specific parallel conduit in which there is no heat exchange at operating times when the electric energy storage system has a higher temperature than the lower threshold and a lower temperature than the upper threshold. When the electric energy storage system has a temperature within the suitable temperature area, in general there is no reason to provide any heat impact from the liquid medium. Said specific parallel conduit may consist of one of the parallel conduits which comprises the heating device or the cooling device, wherein the heating device or the cooling device are adapted to be shut off when the liquid medium is led through the conduit at times where the electric energy storage system has a higher temperature than the lower threshold and a lower temperature than the upper threshold. In this case, one of the parallel conduits is thus used, which comprises the heating device or the cooling device in order to lead the liquid medium to the electric energy storage system. In this case, only two parallel conduits are required and the valve element may consist of a two-way valve. Alternatively, said specific parallel conduit may consist of a separate paral lel conduit. In this case, three parallel conduits are required and the valve element may in this case consi st of a three-way val ve.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the liquid form means is adapted to be led in heat transferring contact with at least one component, which is adapted to control the flow of electric energy to and from the electric energy storage system, after it has been in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system. The vehicle may comprise control equipment in the form of components such as DC converters and inverters to lead electric energy between the electric energy storage system and an electric machine and other electrically powered components, such as electric AC compressors, electric servo units and electric air compressors. The control equipment may also provide charging to a low voltage battery in the vehicle. The control equipment requires coolmg during operation. The control equipment may, however, have a higher temperature than the electric energy storage system . Suitably, the DC converter and the inverter are cooied in a series after the electric energy storage system in a sequence so that the component that requires the lowest temperature is cooled before the component that may have a higher temperature.
According to another embodiment of the present in vention, the arrangement is adapted to estimate the electric energy storage system's temperature with the help of the temperature of the liquid medium in a conduit that receives the liquid medium after it has left the electric energy storage system. The liquid medium is advantageously led in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system, so that the temperature of the liquid medium substantially corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system when it leaves the electric energy storage system.
Estimating the temperature of the electric energy storage system with the help of the temperature of the liquid medium in a position immediately downstream of the electric energy storage system is easy, while it indicates the temperature of the electric energy storage system with a good accuracy. DC converters and inverters obtain a heating according to the electrical output. Since the output frequently varies in a vehicle during different operating conditions, it is difficult to predict how much heat these
components generate. It is therefore not possible to relate the cooling requirement of the electric energy storage system to the temperature of the liquid medium at any position in the conduit system and in particular at a position downstream of said control components.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the valve element is a thermostat. Thermostats are cheap components which take up little space, all the while they have a reliable function. The thermostat may comprise a wax element which changes phase at a control temperature that corresponds to the upper threshold value or the lower threshold value. Accordingly, the thermostat may lead the liquid medium to different parallel conduits depending on whether the electric energy storage sy.Mem has a temperature which is higher or lower than said threshold values. In this case, the thermostat is arranged in a position in connection with the parallel conduits which are arranged upstream of the electric energy storage system. That the thermostat detects the temperature of the coolant in this position is not suitable since it is not
representati ve of the temperature of the electric energy storage system. The line circuit therefore advantageously comprises a pilot line which leads a part of the liquid medium from the conduit, which receives the liquid medium after it has left the electric energy storage system, to the thermostat. By arranging a pilot line which leads a part of the liquid medium to the thermostat from a position immediately downstream of the electric energy storage system, the thermostat obtains a good indicat ion of the temperature of the electric energy storage system and of whether it needs to be heated or cooled. The line circuit may comprise a conduit which leads the liquid medium from the thermostat to an expansion tank. The line circuit may be comprised in a separate system or constitute a part of a conventional cooling system in a vehicle. The conduit which leads the liquid medium from the thermostat to an expansion tank may be a deaeration conduit. Accordingly, this conduit has a double function, which reduces the number of conduits in the line circuit.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the valve element is a magnet valve. A magnet valve is more expensive than a thermostat but it may also be used to realise the present invention. The arrangement may in this case comprise a sensor which is adapted to directly or indirectly detect the temperature of the electric energy storage system and a control device which is adapted to receive information from said sensor and to control the magnet valve, so that it leads the liquid medium through one of the said parallel conduits depending on the temperature of the electric energy storage system. The magnet valve may be a two-way valve or a three-way valve.
According to one alternative embodiment of the invention, the heating device is an electrical heating element. An electrical heating element may in a relatively simple manner be applied in one of the parallel conduits. It may also be shut off easily with a suitably located power switch. Alternatively, the heating device may consist of a heat exchanger which receives a warm medium that may be warm coolant, charge air or exhausts. In this case the flow of the warm medium may be shut off with a suitably located valve. The cooling device may comprise a radiator where the liquid medium is cooled by air. Air with an ambient temperature is an effective coolant. Generally, it also has a temperature which is lower than a highest suitable temperature for the electric energy storage system. Alternatively, a heat exchanger with a cold medium may be used, such as cold coolant or the refrigerant in an evaporator of an AC or other compressor cooling system in the vehicle.
The objective mentioned in the introduction is also achieved with the method according to claim 17.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Below is a description of, as examples, preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows an arrangement to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system according to a first embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2 shows an arrangement to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows an arrangement to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system according to a third embodiment of the invention and
Fig. 4 shows an arrangement to control the temperature of an electric energy storage system according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Fig. 1 shows a schematic vehicle 1 which may be a hybrid vehicle powered by electricity in combination with some other form of fuel. The vehicle 1 may also be a purely electrically powered vehicle. The vehicle 1 is equipped with an electric energy storage system 2 which may be an accumulator with any number of galvanic cells. The electric energy storage system 2 is advantageously a high voltage batten'. The electric energy storage system 2 is connected with a non-displayed electric machine which may operate alternately as an engine and a generator. The control equipment in the form of components, such as a DC converter 3 and an inverter 4, is required to lead the electric energy between the electric energy storage system 2 and the electric machine during operation of th e vehicle 1. The batteries 2 h ave an inner resistance and are accordingly heated during operation. Most types of batteries 2 have a suitable operating temperature within a relatively narrow temperature range, which may e.g. be within the area 15- 30°. The performance of an electric energy storage system is significantly reduced if it has a temperature which is too high or too low. An electric energy storage system 2 may also incur lasting damage and accelerated ageing if it is operated at an unsuitable temperature. An electric energy storage system 2 thus needs to be cooled during certain operating conditions and heated during other operating conditions in order to achieve a desired performance. The DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 are heated during operation depending on how hard the)' are working. They should not have a temperature above an upper threshold in order to function as desired. They may, however, be heated to a higher temperature than the electric energy storage system 2. The DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 thus also need to be cooled during operation.
Fig. 1 shows an arrangement which is adapted to maintain a suitable operating temperature of the electric energy storage system 2. The arrangement comprises a line circuit 5 and a pump 6 that circulate a liquid medium in the line circuit 3 during the operation of the vehicle 1. The liquid medium may have the same composition as the coolant in a conventional cooling system in a vehicle. The pump 6 leads the liquid medium, via an initial conduit 5a, to a valve element in the form of a thermostat 7. The thermostat 7 is adapted to lead the liquid medium to a first parallel conduit 5b which contains a heating device 8 or to a second parallel conduit 5c which contains a cooling device 9. The heating device 8 is, in this case, an electric heating aggregate.
Alternatively, the heating device 8 may consist of a heat exchanger through which a warm medium flows which may e.g. be warm coolant, charge air or exhausts. The cooling device 9 is, in this case, a heat exchanger in the form of a radiator through which air, which may have the ambient temperature, flows. The cooling device 9 may also be a heat exchanger through which cold coolant flows, or an evaporator in a compressor cooling plant.
The parallel conduits 5b, 5c converge into a joint conduit 5d which leads the liquid medium to the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium is led through suitably formed channels in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium which leaves the electric energy storage system 2 thus has a temperature which substantially corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium that leaves the electric energy storage system 2 is received in a conduit 5e. The conduit 5e leads the liquid medium to the DC converter 3 where it is led in heat transferring contact with the DC converter 3. The liquid medium is subsequently led, via a conduit 5f, to the inverter 4, where it is led in heal transferring contact with the mverter 4. The liquid medium is then led back to the pump 6 via a conduit 5g. The arrangement comprises an expansion tank 10 which is connected with the conduit 5g via a conduit 5h which is a so-called static line. The thermostat 7 comprises a sensor body that may be a wax element which changes phase from a solid state to a liquid state at a control temperature. Alternatively, the thermostat may be electrically controlled. When the wax element is in a solid state, the thermostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8. When the wax element is a liquid state, the thermostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the other parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 9. The control temperature of the thermostat 7 corresponds, in this embodiment, to an upper threshold value t? of the temperature of the electric energy storage system, which may e.g. be 30°C. The upper threshold value is advantageously set with a good margin to an upper maximum temperature at which the electric energy storage system 2 is subject to accelerated ageing. The arrangement comprises a pilot line 5i which leads a small part of the liquid medium from the conduit 5e to the thermostat 7 where the liquid medium obtains heat transferring contact with the wax element. Since the liquid medium has a temperature in the conduit 5e which substantially corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2, the thermostat 7 detects, via the liquid medium in the pilot line 5i, a temperature that with good accuracy corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system.
After the liquid medium has passed through the thermostat 7, it is led, via a deaeration conduit 5j, to the expansion tank 10. In this embodiment, an additional thermostat 11 has been arranged in the pilot line 5i. The additional thermostat 1 1 is adapted to control the activation of the heating device 8 depending on the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2, The heating device 8 is in this case thus an electrical heating device which may easily be shut off with the help of a power switch or a similar device. Th e task of the thermostat 11 is to s hut off the heating device 8 when the electric energy storage system 2 has a higher temperature than the control temperature of the thermostat 11 and to activate the heating device 8 when the electric energy storage system has a lower temperature than the control temperature of the thermostat 1 1. The control temperature of the thermostat 1 1 corresponds, in this embodiment, to a lower threshold value ti of the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2, which may e.g. be 15 °C. The lower threshold value is advantageously set with a good margin to a minimum temperature at which the electric energy storage system 2 ceases to function.
During the operation of the vehicle the pump 6 circulates coolant in the line circuit 5, The thermostat 7 detects, with the help of the liquid medium in the pilot line 5i, the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2. At operating times where the electric energy storage system 2 has too low a temperature, which in this case is below 15 °C, the thermostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8. The additional thermostat 1 1 , which accordingly also detects the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2 with the help of the liquid medium in the pilot line 5i, sets the heating device 8 into an active state. The heating device accordingly supplies heating energy to the liquid medium in the first parallel conduit 5b. The liquid medium is therefore heated to a temperature which is significantly higher than then temperature of the electric energy storage system 2, The liquid medium accordingly provides an efficient and quick heating of the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium is cooled down, since it heats the electric energy storage system 2 so that it has substantially the same temperature as the electric energy storage system 2 when it reaches the conduit 5e. The liquid medium subsequently cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 before it is led back to the pump 6. The active heating results in the electric energy storage system 2 quickly achieving a temperature above the lower threshold value ti and thus a temperature within the temperature range which is suitable for operation of the eiectric energy storage system
During operating times when the electric energy storage system has a temperature within the suitable interval, i.e. in this case between 15-30 °C, the thermostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8. The additional thermostat 1 1 now detects that the eiectric energy storage system 2 has a temperature above the lower threshold value. The additional thermostat 11 therefore positions the heating device 8 in the off state. The liquid medium is accordingly led through the first parallel conduit 5b without being heated by the heating device 8. After the liquid medium has been in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system 2, it cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4, which as a rule have a higher temperature than the eiectric energy storage system 2. During operating times when the electric energy storage system obtains a too high a temperature, i.e. in this case above 30 °C, the thennostat 7 leads the liquid medium to the second parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 9. The liquid medium thus obtains a cooling of the cooling device 9 to a lower temperature than the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium accordingly provides an efficient cooling of the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium
subsequently cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 before it is led back to the pump 6. The active cooling leads to the electric energy storage system 2 quickly obtaining a lower temperature than the upper threshold value 2 and thus a temperature within the temperature range which is sui table for operati on of the electric energy storage system 2.
Fig. 2 shows an al ternative embodiment. In this case, a valve element in the form of a three-way thermostat 16 is used. The three-way thennostat 16 may lead the liquid medium through three alternative conduits 5b, 5c, 5k. The first parallel conduit comprises a heating device 8, the second parallel conduit comprises a cooling device 9 and the third parallel conduit 5k comprises no heat transfening device. When the thermostat 16 detects that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature which is lower than a lower threshold value ΐ·, the thermostat 16 leads the liquid medium through the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8. The heating device 8 provides a heating of the liquid medium before it is led to the electric energy storage system 2. The electric energy storage system 2 thus obtains an efficient and quick heating to a temperature within the suitable temperature area. When the thermostat 16 detects that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature which is higher than an upper threshold value t2, the thermostat 16 leads the liquid medium through the second parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 9. The cooling device 9 provides a cooling of the liquid medium before it is led to the electric energy storage system 2. The electric energy storage system 2 thus obtains an efficient and quick cooling to a temperature within the suitable temperature area. When the thermostat 16 detects that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature within the suitable area which is defined by the lower threshold value t¾ and the upper threshold value t2, the thermostat 16 leads the liquid medium through the third parallel conduit 5k where no heat exchange occurs. The liquid medium is led, in this case, with an unchanged temperature in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system. Fig. 3 shows an additional alternative embodiment of the arrangement. The
arrangement comprises the same components, to a great extent, as in the embodiment in Fig. 1 and 2. Therefore the joint components are not reviewed again. In this case, however, a valve element in the form of a magnet valve 12 is used. The magnet valve 12 is adapted to lead the liquid medium to the first parallel conduit 5b, which contains a heating device 8, or to the second parallel conduit 5c, which contains a cooling device 9. The magnet valve 12 is controlled by a control device 13. A temperature sensor 14 detects the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
Alternatively, the temperature sensor 14 may detect the temperature of the coolant in the conduit 5e which substantial ly corresponds to the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2.
During the operation of the vehicle the pump 6 circulates coolant in the line circuit 5. The control device 13 receives information substantially continuously from the temperature sensor 14 relating to the temperature of the electric energy storage system. At operating times where the electric energy storage system 2 has too low a temperature, which in this case is below 15 °C, the control device 13 sets the magnet valve into a state in which the liquid medium is led to the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8. Since the electric energy storage system 2 has too low a temperature, the control device 13 activates the heating device 8. The heating device 8 thus supplies heating energy to the liquid medium in the first parallel conduit 5b. The liquid medium is therefore heated to a temperature which is significantly higher than then temperature of the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium thus provides an efficient heating of the electric energy storage system 2. The temperature of the liquid medium falls when it heats the electric energy storage system 2 to a level so that it has substantially the same temperature as the electric energy storage system 2 when it reaches the conduit 5e. The liquid medium subsequently cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 before it is led back to the pump 6. The active heating results in the electric energy storage system 2 quickly achieving a higher temperature than the lower threshold value and thus a temperature within the temperature range which is suitable for operation of the electric energy storage system 2,
During operating times when the control device 13 receives information from the temperature sensor 14 which indicates that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature within the suitable interval, i.e. in this case a temperature between 15-30 °C, the magnet valve 12 leads the liquid medium to the conduit 5b and the heating device 8. The control device 13 sets the heating device 8 into an off state. The liquid medium is thus led through the first parallel conduit 5b without being heated by the heating device 8. After the liquid medium has been in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system 2, it cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4, which as a rule have a higher temperature than the electric energy storage system 2.
During operating times when the control device 13 receives information from the temperature sensor 14 indicating that the electric energy storage system 2 has too high a temperature, i.e. in this case a temperature above 30 °C, the magnet valve 12 leads the liquid medium to the second parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 8, The liquid medium thus obtains a cooling of the cooling device 8 to a lower temperature than the temperature of the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium subsequently provides a cooling of the electric energy storage system 2. The liquid medium subsequently cools the DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 before it is led back to the pump 6. The active cooling leads to the electric energy storage system 2 quickly obtaining a lower temperature than the upper threshold value and thus a temperature within the temperature range which is suitable for operation of the electric energy storage system 2. Fig. 4 shows an additional alternative embodiment. In this case, a valve element in the form of a three-way thermostat 16a is used. The magnet val ve 16a may lead the liquid medium through three alternative conduits 5b, 5c, 5k. The first parallel conduit comprises a heating device 8, the second parallel conduit comprises a cooling device 9 and the third parallel conduit 5k comprises no heat transferring device. When the control device 13 receives information from the temperature sensor 14 indicating that the electric energy storage system 2 has a lower temperature than a lower threshold value ti, the magnet valve 16a leads the liquid medium through the first parallel conduit 5b and the heating device 8. The heating device 8 provides a heating of the liquid medium before it is led to the electric energy storage system 2. The electric energy storage system 2 thus obtains an efficient and quick heating to a temperature within the suitable temperature area. When the control device 13 receives information from the temperature sensor 14 indicating that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature which is higher than an upper threshold value t2, the magnet valve 16a leads the liquid medium through the second parallel conduit 5c and the cooling device 9. The cooling device 9 provides a cooling of the liquid medium before it is led to the electric energy storage system 2. The electric energy storage system 2 thus obtains an efficient and quick cooling to a temperature within the suitable temperature area. When the control device 13 receives information from the temperature sensor 14 indicating that the electric energy storage system 2 has a temperature within the suitable area which is defined by the lower threshold value tj and the upper threshold value t2, the magnet valve 16a leads the liquid medium through the third parallel conduit 5k where no heat exchange occurs. The liquid medium is led, in this case, with an unchanged temperature in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system.
The invention is in no way limited to the embodiments displayed in the drawings, but may be varied freely within the scope of the patent claims.

Claims

Patent claims
1. Arrangement to control the temperature in an electric energy storage system (2) in a vehicle (1), wherein the arrangement comprises a line circuit (5), a pump (6) which is adapted to circulate a liquid medium inside the line circuit (5) so that the liquid medium obtains heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system (2), a heating device (8) which is adapted to heat the liquid medium, and a cooling device (9) which is adapted to cool the liquid medium, characterised in that the line circuit (5) comprises valve elements (7, 7a, 16, 16a) and at least two parallel conduits (5b, 5c, 5k) which are arranged in a position immediately upstream of the electric energy storage system (2), wherein one of the parallel conduits (5b) comprises the heating device (8) and another of the parallei conduits (5 c) comprises the cooling device (9), wherein the valve element (7, 7a, 16, 16a) is adapted to lead the medium through the parallel conduit (5b) which comprises the heating device (8) at operating times when the electric energy storage system (2) has a temperature below a lower threshold value (t| ), and to lead the medium through the parallel conduit (5c) which comprises the cooling device (9) at operating times when the electric energy storage system (2) has a temperature above an upper threshold value (t2).
2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the valve element (7, 16) is adapted to lead the liquid medium through a specific parallel conduit (5b, 5c, 5k), in which there is no heat exchange at operating times when the electric energy storage system (2) has a higher temperature than the lower threshold value (tj) and a lower temperature than the upper threshold value (t2).
3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that in that said specific parallel conduit consist of one of the parallei conduits (5b, 5c) which comprises the heating device (8) or the cooling device (9), wherein the heating device (8) or the cooling device (9) is adapted to be shut off when the electric energy storage system (2) has a higher temperature than the lower threshold value (ti) and a lower temperature than the upper threshold value (t2).
4. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that in that said specific parallel conduit consists of a separate parallel conduit (5k).
5. Arrangement according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the liquid medium is adapted to be led in heat transferring contact with at least one component (3, 4), which controls the flow of electric energy to and from the electric energy storage system (2), after it has been in heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system (2).
6. Arrangement according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the arrangement is adapted to estimate the electric energy storage system's (2) temperature with the help of the temperature of the liquid medium in a conduit (5e) that receives the liquid medium after it has left the electric energy storage system (2).
7. Arrangement according to any of the previous claims, cliaracterised in that the valve element is a thermostat (7, 7a).
8. Arrangement according to claim 7, characterised in that the thermostat (7, 7a) comprises a wax element which changes phase at a control temperature that corresponds to the upper threshold value (t2) or the lower threshold value (ti).
9. Arrangement according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the line circuit (5) comprises a pilot line (5i) which leads a part of the liquid medium from the conduit
(5e), which receives the liquid medium after it has left the electric energy storage system (2), to the thermostat (7, 7a).
10. Arrangement according to claim 9, characterised in that the line circuit (5) comprises a conduit (5j) which leads the liquid medium from the thermostat (7, 7a) to an expansion tank (10).
1 1. Arrangement according to claim 10, characterised in that the conduit (5j) which leads the liquid medium from the thermostat (7, 7a) to an expansion tank (10) is a deaeration conduit.
12. Arrangement according to any of the previous claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the valve element is a magnet valve (16, 16a).
13. Arrangement according to claim 12, characterised in that the arrangement comprises a sensor (14), which is adapted to directly or indirectly detect the temperature of the electric energy storage system (2), and a control device (13), which is adapted to receive information from said sensor (14) and to control the magnet valve (16, 16a) so that it leads the liquid medium through one of said parallel conduits depending on the temperature of the electric energy storage system (2).
14. Arrangement according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the heating device (8) is an electric heating element.
15. Arrangement according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the cooling device (9) is a radiator where the liquid medium is cooled by air.
16. Arrangement according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the cooling device is an evaporator in an AC system 17. Method to control the temperature in an electric energy storage system (2) in a vehicle (1), wherein the vehicle comprises a line circuit (5), a pump (6) which is adapted to circulate a liquid medium inside the line circuit (5) so that the liquid medium obtains heat transferring contact with the electric energy storage system (2), a heating device (8) which is adapted to heat the liquid medium and a cooling device (9) which is adapted to cool the liquid medium, wherein the line circuit (5) comprises at least two parallel conduits (5b, 5c, 5k) which are arranged in a position immediately upstream of the electric energy storage system (2), and wherein one of the parallel conduits (5b) comprises the heating device (8) and another of the parallel conduits (5c) comprises the cooling device (9), characteri sed in that the steps to lead the medium through the parallel conduit (5b), which comprises the heating device (8), at operating times when the electric energy storage system (2) has a temperature below a lower threshold value (ti), and to lead the medium through the parallel conduit (5c), which comprises the cooling device (9), at operating times when the electric energy storage system (2) has a temperature above an upper threshold value (t2).
PCT/SE2014/051502 2013-12-17 2014-12-15 Arrangement and method for regulating the temperature of an electrical energy storage in a vehicle WO2015094097A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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DE112014005303.1T DE112014005303B4 (en) 2013-12-17 2014-12-15 Arrangement and method for controlling the temperature of a power storage system in a vehicle

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SE1351512A SE537559C2 (en) 2013-12-17 2013-12-17 Arrangement and method for regulating the temperature of an electrical energy store in a vehicle

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