Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
  • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
  • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
  • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
  • H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/20—Optical components
  • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2220/00—Application
  • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
  • F05B2220/708—Photoelectric means, i.e. photovoltaic or solar cells
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/20—Rotors
  • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
  • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
  • F05B2240/212—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Darrieus type
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/20—Rotors
  • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
  • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
  • F05B2240/213—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Savonius type
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

• This invention relates to solar and wind power industry and can be used for the conversion of wind and solar energy to electricity for supplying independent consumers of various types and power requirements.
• Said shaft is in the form of a cylindrical pipe encompassing said steady axis.
• Rocker arms are rigidly mounted on said shaft in a pairwise manner and parallel to each other.
• Blades are rigidly mounted on the tips of each pair of rocker arms. Said blades have airfoils.
• the top section of the steady axis has a steady flat round-shaped pad where solar cells are mounted. The pad surface bearing the solar cells is tilted towards the sun.
• Disadvantages of said device are as follows.
• the wind acts simultaneously on blades rotating in the forward and backward directions; this does not allow achieving high wind energy utilization coefficients, especially for large numbers of blades (more than 4) and medium or high wind speeds, in spite of the blade airfoil used.
• the solar cell and the wind turbine do not have any positive mutual effect but are used, in fact, separately; this imposes an additional limitation on the total efficiency of the power plant.
• a solar and wind turbine (US 7453167, published 18.11.2008) comprising a bearing structure and a turbine enclosure.
• a solar panel is mounted on the top section of said bearing structure.
• Said turbine enclosure comprises a plurality of blades. Said blades are equally spaced on the circumference around the turbine axis.
• Said structure comprises additional solar cell arrays arranged on the surface of each blade. Disadvantages of said device are that the Pelton wind turbine used has a low rotation speed and a low efficiency, the latter further decreasing at wind speeds of above 5 mps.
• a wind turbine based on a multistage Savonius rotor (US 7008171, published 07.03.2006).
• the Savonius rotor is mounted on the rotation axis.
• the blades are S-shaped.
• the wind turbine further comprises photoelectric cells.
• the latter are mounted on the outer surface of the Savonius rotor blades.
• the top section of the Savonius rotor further comprises a solar collector.
• the improved Pelton wind turbine (the Savonius rotor) has a low rotation speed and a low efficiency, especially at wind speeds of above 5 mps, and that electricity generated by the photoelectric cells is transmitted through pressure contacts: as a result, part of the energy is spent for friction, and the contacts are eventually worn out and require replacement.
• a hybrid vertical wind power plant (US 20110025071, published 03.02.2011) being a combination of Savonius and Darreus rotors with twisted blades.
• the bearing structure has a cylindrical shaft.
• An electric generator for converting wind power to electricity is mounted on the bottom end of said shaft.
• Disadvantages of said device include the absence of photoelectric converters that limits its overall efficiency.
• the prototype of the invention disclosed herein is the wind turbine (US 2012133149, published 31.05.2012) comprising a vertical rotation axis, a rotor and a permanent magnet generator.
• the rotor is mounted on a support.
• Photoelectric cell arrays are mounted on the surface of the rotor. Said arrays supply power in the absence of wind. Wind power is converted by said permanent magnet generator to electric power.
• Disadvantages of said device are its low speed and limited wind power utilization coefficient caused by the high impedance of the blades of the Marilyn type wind turbine used the speed of which is limited to 150 rpm and thus does not allow converting wind power at high wind speeds.
• the technical result achieved by the invention is increasing the power of the hybrid wind power plant and raising the power output by using wind and solar energy on a year-round basis in variable weather conditions.
• the all-season hybrid vertical power plant comprises a vertical shaft in the form of a cylindrical pipe capable of rotation and encompassing a steady hollowed axis mounted on the support.
• a Savonius rotor and a Darreus rotor are mounted each comprising at least two blades.
• Said Savonius rotor is mounted inside said Darreus rotor.
• the blades of said Darreus rotor are in the form of twisted bands coated with an anti-icing layer.
• the entire surface of Savonius rotor blades in the form of twisted plates has photoelectric cells at two sides. The outputs of said photoelectric cells are connected to the power input of a control unit.
• a shaft rotation speed gage is mounted on said vertical shaft, the gage output being connected to the control input of said control unit.
• the first power output of said control unit is connected via the first switch to the input of a direct current brushless motor.
• the second power output of said control unit is connected via the second switch to the input of an inductive power transmitter.
• the output of said inductive power transmitter is connected via a charge controller to the output of an electromagnetic generator installed in the bottom section of the vertical shaft.
• Said protective domes have hemispherical shapes.
• Said anti-icing layer is made from AlCuFe quasi-crystals.
• the blades of said Darreus rotor can be in the form of twisted rectangular bands of an aluminum alloy.
• the blades of said Savonius rotor are in the form of twisted rectangular bands of a reinforced composite material.
• the blades of said Savonius rotor can be in the form of twisted rectangular bands of an aluminum alloy.
• said photoelectric cells are flexible and amorphous.
• said photoelectric cells are in the form of a plurality of rectangular multijunction single-crystal heterostmctural elements on the basis of semiconductor compounds.
• said direct current brushless motor is installed above said electromagnetic generator and has a cylindrical design.
• Said direct current brushless motor comprises a permanent magnet stator mounted on said steady hollowed axis and a rotor mounted on said vertical shaft.
• said inductive power transmitter is installed under said electromagnetic generator.
• Said inductive power transmitter comprises a direct to alternating voltage converter and an inductance coil encompassing a transmitting conductive ring, mounted on said vertical shaft, and a receiving conductive ring encompassed by an inductance coil and an alternating to direct voltage converter, mounted on said steady hollowed axis.
• said electromagnetic generator comprises a bottom rotor, a top rotor, a stator and a top rotor magnet suspension in the form of ring magnets.
• Said all-season hybrid vertical power plant further comprises solar collectors arranged at the circumference of the power plant, capable of changing their tilt angle and optically connected to photoelectric converters.
• said solar collectors are in the form of concave concentrators.
• Fig. 1 shows the overall appearance of the power plant and Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the distribution of converted solar power.
• the drawing depicts the vertical shaft 1 , the steady hollowed axis 2 mounted on the support 3, the protective domes 4 and 5, the blades 6, 7 and 8 of the Darreus rotor, the blades 9, 10 and 11 of the Savonius rotor, the photoelectric cells 12, 13 and 14, the control unit 15, the shaft rotation speed gage 16, the direct current brushless motor 17 comprising the permanent magnet stator 22 and the rotor 23, the inductive power transmitter 18, the charge controller 19, the electric power accumulator 20, the electromagnetic generator 21 comprising the top rotor 24 and the bottom rotor 25, the stator 26, the additional solar collectors 27, the direct to alternating voltage converter 28, the transmitting conducting ring 29 with an inductance coil, the receiving conducting ring 30 with an inductance coil and the alternating to direct voltage converter 31.
• the all-season hybrid vertical power plant operates as follows.
• the blades 6, 7 and 8 of the Darreus rotor and the blades 9, 10 and 11 of the Savonius rotor rotate the vertical shaft 1 in the wind direction.
• the blades 6, 7 and 8 of the Darreus rotor are in the form of twisted rectangular bands of an aluminum alloy thus providing for a more efficient transfer of wind power to the hybrid rotor due to a reduction in air resistance losses and amore uniform distribution of their weight.
• the blades 6, 7 and 8 are coated with a layer (not shown in the drawing) of AlCuFe quasi-crystals that prevents blade icing.
• the blades 9, 10 and 11 of the Savonius rotor are in the form of twisted rectangular bands of a reinforced composite material providing for a more efficient wind power transfer from the Savonius rotor as part of the hybrid rotor at low wind speeds and a reduction in air resistance losses at medium and high wind speeds when the power is transferred to the hybrid rotor by the Darreus rotor.
• the materials used for the blades 6, 7 and 8 of the Darreus rotor and the blades 9, 10 and 11 of the Savonius rotor i.e. aluminum alloys and reinforced composite materials, have low density, high strength and good manufacturability, from the viewpoint of producing complex geometrical shapes.
• the rotation of the top rotor 24 and the bottom rotor 25 with permanent magnets generates inductive currents in the coils of the stator 26.
• the alternating inductive current supplied from the output of the electromagnetic generator 21 is converted by the controller 19 and fed to the second input of the electric power accumulator 20. Accumulated electric power from the output of the electric power accumulator 20 is distributed to the consumer.
• the signal from the shaft rotation speed gage 16 is permanently supplied to the control input of the control unit 15.
• control unit 15 Upon the receipt of an insufficient shaft rotation speed signal typical of low wind speeds, the control unit 15 redirects the converted solar power from the photoelectric converters 12, 13 and 14 via the first switch to the input of the brushless motor 17.
• the motor 17 rotates the blades 6, 7 and 8 of the Darreus rotor and the blades 9, 10 and 11 of the Savonius rotor.
• the control unit 15 Upon the receipt of a sufficient shaft rotation speed signal when the brushless motor 17 needs not to be operated, the control unit 15 redirects power from the photoelectric converters 12, 13 and 14 via the second switch to the input of the inductive power transmitter 18.
• the inductive power transmitter 18 transmits the power of direct current from the photoelectric converters 12, 13 and 14 wirelessly, i.e. using electromagnetic induction method due to the near magnetic field, and redirects electric power via the controller 19 to the first input of the electric power accumulator 20. Accumulated electric power from the output of the electric power accumulator 20 is distributed to the consumer.
• top protective dome 4 and the bottom protective dome 5 are mounted on the vertical shaft 1 and are coated with a layer (not shown in the drawing) of AlCuFe quasi-crystals that prevents blade icing.
• the hemispheric shape of the protective domes 4 and 5 protects the power plant from icing and snow, as well as from water ingress inside the vertical shaft 1 and the steady hollowed axis 2.
• the solar collectors 27 optically connected to the photoelectric converters 12, 13 and 14 are arranged at the circumference of the power plant and capable of changing their tilt angle to concentrate and direct the light flux to the photoelectric converters 12, 13 and 14 thus further increasing the solar energy conversion efficiency and increasing the output of the plant.
• Charging power accumulators from counterpart wind generator designs requires a stable exposure to a wind flow with an average speed of at least 2.5 m/s to accelerate the wind turbine to a specific rpm.
• Short-time activation of the direct current brushless motor at an insufficient shaft rotation speed allows increasing its speed to an average value providing for charging of the power accumulator at an average wind speed corresponding to starting of the rotor on a magnetic suspension, i.e. about 1.5 m/s.
• the resultant increase in the quantity of accumulated power is by more than an order of magnitude greater than the power consumption required for the activation of the direct current brushless motor.
• wind and solar power allows increasing the power and efficiency of the hybrid plant and increase the stability of electricity supplies generated by alternative power sources in variable weather conditions.

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• 2013
  • 2013-12-12 RU RU2014105875/06A patent/RU2551913C1/ru active
  • 2013-12-12 WO PCT/RU2013/001114 patent/WO2015088370A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2013-12-12 EA EA201600458A patent/EA030809B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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