WO2015085812A1 - 一种在线电池内阻测量装置及其测量方法 - Google Patents

一种在线电池内阻测量装置及其测量方法 Download PDF

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WO2015085812A1
WO2015085812A1 PCT/CN2014/087533 CN2014087533W WO2015085812A1 WO 2015085812 A1 WO2015085812 A1 WO 2015085812A1 CN 2014087533 W CN2014087533 W CN 2014087533W WO 2015085812 A1 WO2015085812 A1 WO 2015085812A1
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battery
internal resistance
signal
cells
cos
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PCT/CN2014/087533
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马海波
徐惠
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艾德克斯电子（南京）有限公司
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Priority to EP14869643.8A priority Critical patent/EP2950113A4/en
Priority to US14/770,874 priority patent/US10281529B2/en
Publication of WO2015085812A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015085812A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/14—Measuring resistance by measuring current or voltage obtained from a reference source

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  • the invention relates to a battery tester and a measuring method. More specifically, the present invention relates to an online battery internal resistance measuring device, and at the same time, the invention also provides a measuring method for an online battery internal resistance measuring device.
  • Battery internal resistance is an important parameter and technical indicator for measuring battery performance. Generally speaking, the larger the battery capacity is, the smaller the internal resistance is. The measurement of internal resistance can evaluate the capacity, and it can also be based on the battery. The endogenous resistance is worth the trend to predict the life of the battery. Therefore, the performance index of the internal resistance of the battery has become more and more important, and it will be of great practical significance to measure it.
  • the disadvantages of this measurement method are: (1) only measuring large-capacity batteries or batteries, small-capacity batteries cannot load large currents of 40A to 80A in 2 to 3 seconds; (2) when batteries pass large currents, batteries Polarization occurs in the internal electrodes, resulting in polarization internal resistance.
  • the measurement time must be very short, otherwise the measured internal resistance value error is very large; (3) the large current through the battery has certain damage to the internal electrode of the battery, thereby affecting the capacity and life of the battery; (4) must be static or off
  • the measurement of the DC method can be realized under the state of the machine, and the online measurement of the battery cannot be realized, which inevitably brings hidden dangers to the safety of the operation of the device.
  • the AC method measures the voltage response signal Vo at both ends of the battery by injecting a constant AC current signal IS into the battery, and the phase difference cos of the two is determined by the impedance formula to determine the internal resistance R of the battery, but the internal resistance of the battery is small.
  • the AC response voltage signal at the two ends of the battery is very weak, it is very susceptible to environmental noise interference, it is difficult to measure accurately, and it is necessary to measure the AC current signal Is, the voltage response signal Vo, and the phase difference between voltage and current. It can be seen that this method not only has many interference factors, but also affects the accuracy, and increases the complexity of the system, and also affects the measurement accuracy.
  • the technical problem existing in the current battery tester is that in the case of online, the detectable parameters are limited, the detected parameters are not accurate enough, and the battery tester takes too long to detect one battery at a time. Some can reach 3S-5S or even longer.
  • the current battery tester also has the following disadvantages: only a few buttons are quite troublesome to operate; the display interface is quite complicated and difficult to understand; the test results can only be obtained by observing the display, in view of the current battery test The current state of the tester, the battery tester and the test method have already presented a technical bottleneck.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an online battery internal resistance measuring device, which solves the problem that the internal resistance of the single battery in the battery is accurately, quickly and conveniently measured under the condition that the battery is loaded on the line; and the invention also provides an online The measurement method of the internal resistance measuring device of the battery eliminates the influence of load interference on the line measurement.
  • the present invention provides a battery internal resistance measuring device suitable for measuring the internal resistance of a single cell in a battery, the measuring device comprising:
  • An excitation source circuit is electrically connected between any two single cells to be tested and a battery terminal, respectively or simultaneously with two single cells, and the single cells in the circuit are respectively separated by an excitation source circuit Or applying an alternating signal twice;
  • An analog-to-digital conversion unit is electrically connected to the two single battery terminals to be tested, detects and converts the response voltage of the single battery terminal, and is electrically connected to the circuit formed by the two single cells, in the detection and conversion circuit. Current, also detecting and converting the phase difference between the current and the response voltage;
  • a digital signal processing unit electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit, after receiving the conversion signal of the analog-to-digital conversion unit, calculating the internal resistance value of the unit battery to be tested; the digital signal processing unit also sends a signal to control the excitation source circuit Apply two alternating signals.
  • the battery is a single battery or two or more serial batteries.
  • the series resistance is equivalent to one single battery to two single batteries.
  • the apparatus further includes a display communication unit, and the digital signal processing unit and the display communication unit perform mutual information transfer.
  • the display communication unit includes a display screen, a CPU processor, and an RS232/RS485 communication module.
  • the analog to digital conversion unit includes a signal detecting unit that detects the response voltage and the current signal, and the signal detecting unit includes a high pass filtering module.
  • the invention also provides a measuring method of a battery internal resistance measuring device, the internal resistance measuring method comprising the following steps:
  • the series resistor constitutes an equivalent two serially connected single cells
  • the excitation source circuit is electrically connected between any two battery cells to be tested and the battery terminal, respectively or simultaneously with the two single cells to be tested, and respectively or simultaneously
  • the body battery applies two alternating current signals
  • the two single battery terminals to be tested are respectively electrically connected through the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and the response voltages of the two single battery terminals are detected and converted, and the two single cells and the battery terminals are respectively electrically connected, respectively or simultaneously Forming a loop with the two cells to be tested, detecting and converting the current in the loop, and also detecting and converting the phase value between the current and the response voltage;
  • the digital signal processing unit is electrically connected to the analog to digital conversion unit, and after receiving the conversion signal of the analog to digital conversion unit, The internal resistance values of the two single cells to be tested are calculated; the digital signal processing unit also issues a signal to control the excitation source circuit to apply an alternating current signal to the circuit.
  • R1 [V22 2 *V11*Iy1*cos(a)-V22*V11*V11*V21*Iy1*cos(a+db)-V21*V12*V22*Iy1*cos(b+cd)+V12*V21 2 *Iy2*cos(c)]/(V22*Iy1) 2 +(V21*Iy2) 2 -2*V22*Iy1*V21*Iy2*cos(bd)
  • the internal resistances of the two serially connected single cells are respectively r1 and r2, and two alternating current signals are respectively applied to the single cells, and the single cell response voltages V11 and V21 after the first application of the alternating current signals are performed.
  • R1 [Vn2 2 *V11*Iy1*cos(a)-Vn2*V11*V11*Vn1*Iy1*cos(a+db)-Vn1*V12*Vn2*Iy1*cos(b+cd)+V12*Vn1 2 *Iy2*cos(c)]/(Vn2*Iy1) 2 +(Vn1*Iy2) 2 -2*Vn2*Iy1*Vn1*Iy2*cos(bd)
  • the internal resistance of any two or more serially connected single cells to be tested is r1 and rn, respectively, and two alternating current signals are applied to the single cell, and the monomer after the first application of the alternating current signal Battery response voltage V11, Vn1, current Iy1, phase a between V11 and Iy1, phase b between Vn1 and Iy1; cell response voltages Vn2, V12, currents Iy2, V12 after the second application of the AC signal Phase c between Iy2, phase d between Vn2 and Iy2.
  • the battery terminal currents Ix1 and Iz1 after the first AC signal is applied, and the battery terminal currents Ix2 and Iz2 after the AC signal is applied for the second time.
  • the invention finds a single cell to be tested by applying an alternating current signal source to a single cell in one or more batteries and synchronizing the phase values between the corresponding current, voltage, current and voltage.
  • the internal resistance value due to the interference effect of the parallel load and the power supply equipment during online measurement, in the calculation formula, it is necessary to apply two excitations of the AC signal to form a system to cancel or remove the interference and influence according to Kirchhoff's current law. Combine with other principles and formulas to derive the value of each internal resistance that needs to be measured.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of achieving accurate, efficient and convenient internal resistance measurement of the single cell without damaging the on-line load of the single cell and the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an internal battery internal resistance measuring device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit for applying a first alternating current signal to the single cell according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit for applying a second alternating current signal to the single cell according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit for applying two alternating current signals to the single cell at the same time according to the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 provides an online battery internal resistance measuring device and a measuring method for performing internal resistance measurement on two serially connected single cells, including an excitation source circuit.
  • the analog to digital conversion unit, the digital signal processing unit and the display communication unit, the analog to digital conversion unit further comprises a signal detection unit, the display communication unit comprises a CPU processor, a display screen and an RS232/RS485 communication module, and the excitation source circuit is electrically connected to the Between the two single cells and the battery end, and respectively form a loop with the two single cells, and respectively apply an alternating current signal to each of the loops formed by the single cells;
  • the analog-to-digital conversion unit is electrically connected to the two single battery terminals to be tested through the signal detecting unit, detects and converts the response voltages V11, V21, V12, and V22 of the two single battery terminals, and simultaneously electrically detects and converts the two.
  • the currents Iy1 and Iy2 of the excitation source circuit between the single cells are detected, and the phases a, b, c and d between the current and the response voltage are also detected and converted, and the phase difference value is calculated by the digital signal processing unit;
  • the digital signal processing unit is electrically connected to the analog-to-digital conversion unit, and after receiving the conversion signal of the analog-to-digital conversion unit, respectively calculating the internal resistances r1 and r2 of the two battery cells to be tested; the digital signal processing unit also sends out a signal
  • the excitation source circuit is controlled to apply an alternating current signal.
  • the communication unit and the digital signal processing unit display mutual information transmission, wherein the CPU processor and the digital signal processing unit perform information transmission, and the CPU processor controls the display screen and the RS232/RS485 communication module respectively.
  • the embodiment further provides a measuring method of the online battery internal resistance measuring device.
  • the internal resistance measuring method includes the following steps: for two serially connected single cells
  • the r1 and r2 are used to measure the internal resistance
  • the digital signal processing unit controls the Y terminal of the excitation source circuit to respectively output an alternating current signal between the two single cells, and respectively form a loop through the X and Z terminals and a single battery, respectively.
  • An alternating current signal is applied before and after the primary circuit, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit detects the phase response voltage V11, V21, current Iy1, V11 and Iy1 after the first application of the alternating current signal through the signal detecting unit, a phase V21 and Iy1 Phase b; detecting the phase response voltage V22, V12, the current Iy2, the phase c between V12 and Iy2, the phase d between V22 and Iy2 after the second application of the AC signal, and sending the above value to the number
  • the signal processing unit calculates the internal resistance r1, and the specific formula is
  • R1 [V22 2 *V11*Iy1*cos(a)-V22*V11*V11*V21*Iy1*cos(a+db)-V21*V12*V22*Iy1*cos(b+cd)+V12*V21 2 *Iy2*cos(c)]/(V22*Iy1) 2 +(V21*Iy2) 2 -2*V22*Iy1*V21*Iy2*cos(bd)
  • a single battery can also be measured.
  • a series resistor is connected to the single battery, so that the series resistance is equivalent to one single battery, and two single batteries are connected in series. Internal resistance measurement in the state.
  • the beneficial effects of the embodiment are fast and accurate measurement of the battery health state and the state of charge and the connection resistance parameter under the condition of on-line and load, including the following features:
  • the data processing is intelligent, which is convenient for maintenance personnel to analyze and process.
  • PC analysis software can perform various operations on the uploaded data, including data classification, storage, query and deletion, etc. It can generate files, freely operate files, and back up the database to achieve theoretical storage. The amount of data.
  • the following functions can be realized under normal conditions: online measurement of the internal resistance of each single cell of the series single cell (can be in the case of parallel power supply and load) High-brightness VFD screen display; achieve corresponding battery voltage measurement; battery internal resistance 1% measurement accuracy; battery voltage 0.02% measurement accuracy; software monitoring by computer; can be corrected by software; Number of channels; LCD color display (reserved expansion function, circuit should reserve interface); can adjust the frequency of AC excitation source; can set measurement speed. Under the premise of ensuring quality, the cost control is optimal; beautiful and practical, easy to operate.
  • Embodiment 2 as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the present embodiment performs on-line load internal resistance measurement on more than two serially connected single cells.
  • a total of 1 to n single cells are provided, The internal resistances r1 and rn of the single cells 1, n are measured, and the internal resistances of the other individual cells are further obtained.
  • the excitation source circuit is electrically connected between the two single cells 1 and n to be tested and the battery end, and simultaneously forms a loop with the two single cells 1 and n, and simultaneously applies two to the single cells 1 and n.
  • Secondary communication signal ;
  • the analog-to-digital conversion unit is electrically connected to the single-cell 1 and n terminals to be tested through the signal detecting unit, and detects and converts the response voltages V11, Vn1, V12, and Vn2 of the two single-cell terminals, and is also electrically connected at the same time. Detecting and converting the currents Iy1 and Iy2 of the excitation source circuit between the two single cells, the battery terminal currents Ix1, Iz1, Ix2 and Iz2, and also detecting and converting the phase a, b, c between the current and the response voltage. And d, the phase difference calculation is performed by the digital signal processing unit;
  • the internal resistance measuring method comprises the following steps: performing internal resistance measurement on the internal resistance r1 and rn of two serially connected single cells, and the digital signal processing unit controls the Y end of the excitation source circuit to respectively output an alternating current signal to two monomers.
  • Battery 1, n, and divide Do not apply an alternating current signal to the circuit before and after the loop through the X and Z terminals and a single battery.
  • the analog to digital conversion unit detects the single cell 1, n response voltage V11 after the first application of the alternating current signal through the signal detecting unit.
  • R1 [Vn2 2 *V11*Iy1*cos(a)-Vn2*V11*V11*Vn1*Iy1*cos(a+db)-Vn1*V12*Vn2*Iy1*cos(b+cd)+V12*Vn1 2 *Iy2*cos(c)]/(Vn2*Iy1) 2 +(Vn1*Iy2) 2 -2*Vn2*Iy1*Vn1*Iy2*cos(bd)
  • the internal resistance rn and the internal resistance of other single cells can be calculated.

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Abstract

一种在线电池内阻测量装置及其测量方法，适用于在线测量电池中的单体电池内阻，包括一激励源电路，电性连接于待测的任意两个单体电池之间和电池端、分别或同时与两个单体电池构成回路；一模数转换单元，检测和转换单体电池端的响应电压，且同时电性连接于两个单体电池构成的回路，检测和转换回路中的电流，还检测和转换电流和响应电压之间的相位值；一数字信号处理单元，电性连接于模数转换单元，接收所述模数转换单元的转换信号后，演算出待测单体电池的内阻值；实现不损伤单体电池及电池在线负载的情况下，实现精确、高效和方便的单体电池的内阻测量。

Description

一种在线电池内阻测量装置及其测量方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电池测试仪及测量方法，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种在线电池内阻测量装置，同时，本发明还提供一种在线电池内阻测量装置的测量方法。
背景技术
蓄电池因其制造成本低、容量大、价格低廉的固有特性，已经广泛用于军事、农业、工业等国名经济发展的各科技领域；随着科学技术的不断发展、进步，现在的生产电池的企业对电池测试仪的要求越来越高，除了要求其测试功能要更全面外，还要求所测参数具备更高的精度和检测各项参数的总耗时更少。电池内阻作为衡量电池性能的一个重要参数及技术指标，一般而言，电池的容量越大，其内阻就越小，通过对内阻的测量就能评估容量的大小，还可以根据电池全寿命内阻值得变化趋势来预测电池的寿命，因此，对电池内阻这项性能指标约而来越被人们重视，对其进行测量将有着非常重要的实际意义。
目前行业中应用的电池内阻测量方法主要有以下两种：
1.直流放电内阻测量：直流放电内阻测量根据物理公式R＝U/I，测试设备让电池在短时间内(一般为2～3秒)强制通过一个很大的恒定直流电流(目前一般使用40A～80A的大电流)，测量此时电池两端的电压，并按公式计算出当前的电池内阻。但这种测量方法的缺点是(1)只能测量大容量电池或者蓄电池，小容量电池无法在2～3秒钟内负荷40A～80A的大电流；(2)当电池通过大电流时，电池内部的电极会发生极化现象，产生极化内阻。故测量时间必须很短，否则测出的内阻值误差很大；(3)大电流通过电池对电池内部的电极有一定损伤，从而影响蓄电池的容量及寿命；(4)必须在静态或脱机的状态下才能实现直流法的测量，无法真正实现蓄电池的在线测量，这样就不可避免对设备运行安全性带来隐患。
2.交流压降内阻测量法：
交流法通过对蓄电池注入一个恒定的交流电流信号IS，测量出蓄电池两端的电压响应信号Vo，以及两者的相位差cos由阻抗公式来确定蓄电池的内阻R，但该方法蓄电池内阻很小,交流注入所引起蓄电池两端响应电压信号很微弱,极易受环境噪声干扰,很难准确测量,并且需要测量交流电流信号Is,电压响应信号Vo，以及电压和电流之间的相位差，由此可见这种方法不但干扰因素多，，既影响了精度，而且增加了系统的复杂性，同时也影响了测量精度。
因此，当前的电池测试仪在技术上存在的技术问题是，在在线情况下，可检测的参数有限、所检测到的参数精度不够，以及电池测试仪每次检测一个电池总耗时过长，有的可达到3S-5S甚至更长。目前的电池测试仪还存在以下缺点：只有少数的几个按键，操作起来相当麻烦；显示界面相当复杂，苦涩难懂；测试结果仅能靠观察显示屏获得，鉴于目前的电池测 试仪的现状，电池的测试仪及测试方法已经出现了技术瓶颈。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在线电池内阻测量装置，解决电池在线带负载的情况下，对电池中的单体电池的内阻进行精确、快速和便捷测量；同时本发明还提供一种在线电池内阻测量装置的测量方法，消除在线测量的负载干扰影响。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种电池内阻测量装置，适用于在线测量电池中的单体电池内阻，所述测量装置包括：
一激励源电路，电性连接于待测的任意两个单体电池之间和电池端、分别或同时与两个单体电池构成回路，通过激励源电路对所述回路中的单体电池分别或同时施加两次交流信号；
一模数转换单元，分别电性连接待测的两个单体电池端，检测和转换单体电池端的响应电压，且同时电性连接与两个单体电池构成的回路，检测和转换回路中的电流，还检测和转换电流和响应电压之间的相位差值；
一数字信号处理单元，电性连接于模数转换单元，接收所述模数转换单元的转换信号后，演算出待测单体电池的内阻值；数字信号处理单元也发出信号控制激励源电路施加两次交流信号。
进一步在于电池为一个单体电池或两个以上串接的单体电池，当只有一个单体电池时，串接电阻与一个单体电池等效成两个单体电池。
进一步在于该装置还包括显示通信单元，数字信号处理单元与显示通信单元进行相互信息传递。
进一步在于所述的显示通信单元包括显示屏、CPU处理器以及RS232/RS485通讯模块。
进一步在于模数转换单元包括信号检测单元，检测响应电压和电流信号，信号检测单元包括一高通滤波模块。
本发明还提供一种电池内阻测量装置的测量方法，所述内阻测量方法包括以下步骤：
对一个单体电池或两个以上串接的单体电池进行在线的单体电池内阻测量；
当只有一个单体电池时，串接电阻构成等效的两个串接的单体电池；
通过接线连接，使激励源电路电性连接于任意待测的两个单体电池之间和电池端、分别或同时与待测的两个单体电池构成回路，且分别或同时对所述单体电池施加两次交流信号；
通过模数转换单元分别电性连接待测的两个单体电池端，检测和转换两个单体电池端的响应电压，还同时电性连接两个单体电池之间和电池端、分别或同时与待测的两个单体电池构成回路，检测和转换回路中的电流，及还检测和转换电流和响应电压之间的相位值；
通过数字信号处理单元电性连接于模数转换单元，接收所述模数转换单元的转换信号后， 演算出待测的两个单体电池的内阻值；数字信号处理单元也发出信号控制激励源电路对回路施加交流信号。
进一步在于分别与两个单体电池构成回路的内阻演算公式为：
r1＝【V222*V11*Iy1*cos(a)-V22*V11*V11*V21*Iy1*cos(a+d-b)-V21*V12*V22*Iy1*cos(b+c-d)+V12*V212*Iy2*cos(c)】/(V22*Iy1)2+(V21*Iy2)2-2*V22*Iy1*V21*Iy2*cos(b-d)
其中，设两个串接的单体电池的内阻分别为r1、r2，分别对所述单体电池施加两次交流信号，第一次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V11、V21，电流Iy1，V11与Iy1之间的相位a，V21与Iy1之间的相位b；第二次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V22、V12，电流Iy2，V12与Iy2之间的相位c，V22与Iy2之间的相位d。
进一步在于同时与两个单体电池构成回路的内阻演算公式为：
r1＝【Vn22*V11*Iy1*cos(a)-Vn2*V11*V11*Vn1*Iy1*cos(a+d-b)-Vn1*V12*Vn2*Iy1*cos(b+c-d)+V12*Vn12*Iy2*cos(c)】/(Vn2*Iy1)2+(Vn1*Iy2)2-2*Vn2*Iy1*Vn1*Iy2*cos(b-d)
其中，设两个以上待测的任意两个串接的单体电池的内阻分别为r1、rn，同时对所述单体电池施加两次交流信号，第一次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V11、Vn1，电流Iy1，V11与Iy1之间的相位a，Vn1与Iy1之间的相位b；第二次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压Vn2、V12，电流Iy2，V12与Iy2之间的相位c，Vn2与Iy2之间的相位d。
进一步在于对同时与待测的两个单体电池构成回路，施加两次交流信号在电池端所测得的电流信号需满足Ix1/Iz1≠Ix2/Iz2
其中，设第一次施加交流信号后的电池端电流Ix1、Iz1，第二次施加交流信号后的电池端电流Ix2、Iz2。
本发明是通过对一个或两个以上电池中的单体电池通过施加两次交流信号源，并同步测量相应的电流、电压、电流和电压之间的相位值建立方程求得待测单体电池的内阻值，由于在在线测量时存在并联负载与电源设备的干扰影响，在演算公式中需要施加两次交流信号的激励形成方程组抵消或去除干扰及影响，根据基尔霍夫电流定律并结合其他原理和公式推导得出需要测量的每个内阻值。
本发明的有益效果是在不损伤单体电池及电池在线负载的情况下，实现精确、高效和方便的单体电池的内阻测量。
说明书附图
图1为本发明在线电池内阻测量装置的整机架构图。
图2为本发明分别对所述单体电池施加第一次交流信号的等效电路示意图。
图3为本发明分别对所述单体电池施加第二次交流信号的等效电路示意图。
图4为本发明同时对所述单体电池施加两次交流信号的等效电路示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，详细说明本发明的优选实施例。
实施例1，如图1、图2和图3所示，本实施例提供一种在线电池内阻测量装置及测量方法，对两个串接的单体电池进行内阻测量，包括激励源电路、模数转换单元、数字信号处理单元和显示通信单元，模数转换单元还包括信号检测单元，显示通信单元包括CPU处理器、显示屏和RS232/RS485通讯模块，激励源电路电性连接于待测的两个单体电池之间和电池端，并分别与两个单体电池构成回路，并分别对所述单体电池构成的回路前后各施加一次交流信号；
模数转换单元通过信号检测单元分别电性连接待测的两个单体电池端，检测和转换两个单体电池端的响应电压V11、V21、V12、V22，还同时电性连接检测和转换两个单体电池之间激励源电路前后两次的电流Iy1、Iy2，还检测和转换电流和响应电压之间的相位a、b、c和d，通过数字信号处理单元进行相位差值计算；
数字信号处理单元电性连接于模数转换单元，接收所述模数转换单元的转换信号后，分别演算出两个待测单体电池的内阻r1、r2值；数字信号处理单元也发出信号控制激励源电路施加交流信号。
显示通信单元和数字信号处理单元相互信息传递，其中CPU处理器和数字信号处理单元进行信息传递，CPU处理器分别控制显示屏和RS232/RS485通讯模块。
本实施例还提供一种在线电池内阻测量装置的测量方法，如图1、图2和图3所示，所述内阻测量方法包括以下步骤：对两个串接的单体电池的内阻r1、r2进行内阻测量，数字信号处理单元控制激励源电路的Y端分别输出交流信号至两个单体电池之间，并分别通过X和Z端和一个单体电池构成回路后对每一回路前后施加一次交流信号，模数转换单元通过信号检测单元检测第一次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V11、V21，电流Iy1，V11与Iy1之间的相位a，V21与Iy1之间的相位b；检测第二次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V22、V12，电流Iy2，V12与Iy2之间的相位c，V22与Iy2之间的相位d，将上述值送至数字信号处理单元演算出内阻r1，具体公式为
r1＝【V222*V11*Iy1*cos(a)-V22*V11*V11*V21*Iy1*cos(a+d-b)-V21*V12*V22*Iy1*cos(b+c-d)+V12*V212*Iy2*cos(c)】/(V22*Iy1)2+(V21*Iy2) 2-2*V22*Iy1*V21*Iy2*cos(b-d)
同理，可以演算出内阻r2。
本实施例或者也可以对一个单体电池进行测量，当为一个单体电池时，与单体电池连接一个串接电阻，使串接电阻等同一个单体电池，实现两个单体电池串接状态下的内阻测量。
本实施例的有益效果为在线和带负载的情况下，快速准确测量蓄电池健康状态和荷电状态以及连接电阻参数，包含以下特点：
<1>可完全在线测量单体或多组电池的电压和内阻。
<2>数据处理智能化，方便维护人员进行分析和处理。
<3>对蓄电池故障进行报警。
<4>可与上位机进行通讯，进行数据上传。
<5>可以对数据进行保存、查询和删除等各种操作。
<6>PC机分析软件可对上传的数据进行各种操作，包括数据的分类存储、查询和删除等，能够生成文件，可以对文件自由进行操作，还可以备份数据库，实现理论上的存储无限量的数据。
通过开机后设定通讯参数、内阻的档、电压量程，正常情况下可以实现以下功能：实现串联单体电池的每个单体电池内阻的在线测量(可以在并联电源和负载的情况下进行测试)；高亮度VFD屏显示；实现对应电池电压的测量；电池内阻1％测量精度；电池电压0.02％测量精度；可通过计算机进行软件监控；可通过软件进行校正；可多台并联扩充路数；LCD彩色显示屏显示(预留扩充功能，电路要预留接口)；可调整交流激励源频率；可设定测量速度等。在保证质量前提下对成本控制达到最优；美观实用，操作简易方便。
实施例2，如图1和图4所示，本实施例对大于两个串接的单体电池进行在线带负载内阻测量说明，本实施例共设有1至n个单体电池，对单体电池1、n的内阻r1和rn进行测量，同理进一步得出其它各个单体电池的内阻。
激励源电路电性连接于待测的两个单体电池1和n之间和电池端，同时与两个单体电池1和n构成回路，并同时对所述单体电池1和n施加两次交流信号；
本实施例模数转换单元通过信号检测单元分别电性连接待测的单体电池1、n端，检测和转换两个单体电池端的响应电压V11、Vn1、V12、Vn2，还同时电性连接检测和转换两个单体电池之间激励源电路前后两次的电流Iy1、Iy2，电池端电流Ix1、Iz1、Ix2和Iz2，还检测和转换电流和响应电压之间的相位a、b、c和d，通过数字信号处理单元进行相位差值计算；
所述内阻测量方法包括以下步骤：对两个串接的单体电池的内阻r1、rn进行内阻测量，数字信号处理单元控制激励源电路的Y端分别输出交流信号至两个单体电池1、n之间，并分 别通过X和Z端和一个单体电池构成回路后对回路前后施加两次交流信号，模数转换单元通过信号检测单元检测第一次施加交流信号后的单体电池1、n响应电压V11、Vn1，电流Iy1、Ix1、Iz1，V11与Iy1之间的相位a，Vn1与Iy1之间的相位b；检测第二次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V12、Vn2，电流Iy2、Ix2、Iz2，V12与Iy2之间的相位c，Vn2与Iy2之间的相位d，且对所述待测的两个单体电池1和n两次同时施加交流信号所测得的电池端的电流信号需满足Ix1/Iz1≠Ix2/Iz2；将上述值送至数字信号处理单元演算出内阻r1，具体公式为
r1＝【Vn22*V11*Iy1*cos(a)-Vn2*V11*V11*Vn1*Iy1*cos(a+d-b)-Vn1*V12*Vn2*Iy1*cos(b+c-d)+V12*Vn12*Iy2*cos(c)】/(Vn2*Iy1)2+(Vn1*Iy2)2-2*Vn2*Iy1*Vn1*Iy2*cos(b-d)
同理，可以演算出内阻rn及其它单体电池的内阻。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种在线电池内阻测量装置，适用于在线测量电池中的单体电池内阻，其特征在于所述测量装置包括：
    一激励源电路，电性连接于待测的任意两个单体电池之间和电池端、分别或同时与两个单体电池构成回路，通过激励源电路对所述回路中的单体电池分别或同时施加两次交流信号；
    一模数转换单元，分别电性连接待测的两个单体电池端，检测和转换单体电池端的响应电压，且同时电性连接与两个单体电池构成的回路，检测和转换回路中的电流，还检测和转换电流和响应电压之间的相位值；
    一数字信号处理单元，电性连接于模数转换单元，接收所述模数转换单元的转换信号后，演算出待测单体电池的内阻值；数字信号处理单元也发出信号控制激励源电路施加两次交流信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在线电池内阻测量装置，其特征在于：电池为一个单体电池或两个以上串接的单体电池，当只有一个单体电池时，串接电阻与一个单体电池等效成两个单体电池。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在线电池内阻测量装置，其特征在于：该装置还包括显示通信单元，数字信号处理单元与显示通信单元进行相互信息传递。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种在线电池内阻测量装置，其特征在于：所述的显示通信单元包括显示屏、CPU处理器以及RS232/RS485通讯模块。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种在线电池内阻测量装置，其特征在于：模数转换单元包括信号检测单元，检测响应电压和电流信号，信号检测单元包括一高通滤波模块。
  6. 一种在线电池内阻测量装置的测量方法，其特征在于，所述内阻测量方法包括以下步骤：
    对一个单体电池或两个以上串接的单体电池进行在线的单体电池内阻测量；
    当只有一个单体电池时，串接电阻构成等效的两个串接的单体电池；
    通过接线连接，使激励源电路电性连接于任意待测的两个单体电池之间和电池端、分别或同时与待测的两个单体电池构成回路，且分别或同时对所述单体电池施加两次交流信号；
    通过模数转换单元分别电性连接待测的两个单体电池端，检测和转换两个单体电池端的响应电压，还同时电性连接两个单体电池之间和电池端、分别或同时与待测的两个单体电池构成回路，检测和转换回路中的电流，及还检测和转换电流和响应电压之间的相位值；
    通过数字信号处理单元电性连接于模数转换单元，接收所述模数转换单元的转换信号后，演算出待测的两个单体电池的内阻值；数字信号处理单元也发出信号控制激励源电路对回路施加交流信号。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种在线电池内阻测量装置的内阻测量方法，其特征在于：分别与 两个单体电池构成回路的内阻演算公式为：
    r1＝【V222*V11*Iy1*cos(a)-V22*V11*V11*V21*Iy1*cos(a+d-b)-V21*V12*V22*Iy1*cos(b+c-d)+V12*V212*Iy2*cos(c)】/(V22*Iy1)2+(V21*Iy2)2-2*V22*Iy1*V21*Iy2*cos(b-d)
    同理演算求得r2
    其中，设两个串接的单体电池的内阻分别为r1、r2，分别对所述单体电池施加两次交流信号，第一次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V11、V21，电流Iy1，V11与Iy1之间的相位a，V21与Iy1之间的相位b；第二次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V22、V12，电流Iy2，V12与Iy2之间的相位c，V22与Iy2之间的相位d。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种在线电池内阻测量装置的内阻测量方法，其特征在于：同时与两个单体电池构成回路的内阻演算公式为：
    r1＝【Vn22*V11*Iy1*cos(a)-Vn2*V11*V11*Vn1*Iy1*cos(a+d-b)-Vn1*V12*Vn2*Iy1*cos(b+c-d)+V12*Vn12*Iy2*cos(c)】/(Vn2*Iy1)2+(Vn1*Iy2)2-2*Vn2*Iy1*Vn1*Iy2*cos(b-d)
    同理演算求得rn
    其中，设两个以上待测的其中任意两个串接的单体电池的内阻分别为r1、rn，同时对所述单体电池施加两次交流信号，第一次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压V11、Vn1，电流Iy1，V11与Iy1之间的相位a，Vn1与Iy1之间的相位b；第二次施加交流信号后的单体电池响应电压Vn2、V12，电流Iy2，V12与Iy2之间的相位c，Vn2与Iy2之间的相位d。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种在线电池内阻测量装置的内阻测量方法，其特征在于：对同时与待测的两个单体电池构成回路，施加两次交流信号在电池端所测得的电流信号需满足Ix1/Iz1≠Ix2/Iz2
    其中，设第一次施加交流信号后的电池端电流Ix1、Iz1，第二次施加交流信号后的电池端电流Ix2、Iz2。
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