WO2015082438A1

WO2015082438A1 - Rod core inductors

Info

Publication number: WO2015082438A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/076180
Authority: WO
Inventors: Patrick Gerardus DUIS; Carel Frederik Constantijn FITIË; Robert Hendrik Catharina Janssen
Original assignee: DSM IP Assets BV
Current assignee: DSM IP Assets BV
Priority date: 2013-12-02
Filing date: 2014-12-02
Publication date: 2015-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2016-06-02

Abstract

This invention relates to a rod core inductor having a length L and a width W comprising: a. a coil having a length L_coil and a width W_coil, and b. a core having a length of at least L_coil, a width W_core and comprising a soft magnetic material, wherein the coil is embedded in an embedment of a polymer bonded soft magnetic material (PBSMM) comprising a polymer and at least 30 vol% soft magnetic material with a saturation magnetization of at least 1 Tesla as measured according to IEC 60401-3 and IEC 62044, and wherein L is at least L_coil+0.001xW_coil, and W is at least 1.001xW_coil.

Description

ROD CORE INDUCTORS

This invention relates to rod core inductors, also known as rod coil inductors, rod core chokes and rod coil chokes, as well as drum core inductors. These devices are widely applied in electronic filter circuits or as circuit element to temporarily store electrical energy in power electronics, such as, for examples, switch-mode power supplies and DC-DC converters used in Light Emitting Diode (LED) drivers.

Rod core inductors are well known and comprise at least a coil and a rod-shaped core. A coil, also known as solenoid, is herein defined as at least one winding comprising an electrical conductive material around a rod-shaped core. The coil has a length L_coi| and a width W_coi|, wherein the length is defined as parallel to the axis of the core, and the width is defined as perpendicular to the axis of the core. A rod- shape is herein meant being an elongated member having a length of at least the length of the coil, thus at least L_coi|. Preferably the length is larger than its width.

Rod core inductors suffer from a relatively low inductance and generate a considerable stray magnetic field that can influence surrounding electrical components or generate losses through interaction with external conductive bodies. These problems can be resolved by embedding the coil of an inductor in a polymer bonded soft magnetic material (PBSMM). In addition, manufacturing advantages exist, because the embedment of PBSMM provides a facile way to integrate the inductor in a product or with other components such a heat management system. When the core comprises a brittle material such as ferrite, the mechanical stability of the embedded inductor is also higher. Alternatively, in comparison with a non-embedded inductor, the same inductance value can be attained with a lower number of windings or an inductor with smaller dimensions (length and/or core cross-sectional area).

Inductors with a coil embedded in PBSMM comprising ferrite as soft magnetic filler are described in JP2005166988. These inductors suffer from a decrease of their inductance value as a function of the applied current when increasingly higher currents are applied. Therefore, this solution is not satisfactory for applications that require high current ratings. Current rating is herein defined as the maximum amount of current passed through the inductor by which the inductance will drop by no more than 10% of the inductance at low current.

It is thus an object of the present invention to have rod core inductors embedded in PBSMM which can attain a high current rating. This object has been achieved by a rod core inductor having a length L and a width W comprising: a. a coil having a length L_coi| and a width W_coi|, and

b. a core having a length of at least L_coi|, a width W_core and comprising a soft magnetic material,

wherein the coil is embedded in an embedment of a polymer bonded soft magnetic material (PBSMM) comprising a polymer and at least 30 vol% soft magnetic material with a saturation magnetization of at least Uesla as measured according to IEC 60401 -3 and IEC 62044, and wherein L is at least L_COii+0.001 xW_coi|, and W is at least 1 .001 xW_coi|. The saturation magnetization is herein defined as being equivalent to the saturation magnetic flux density referred to in IEC 60401 -3. Volume percentages (vol%) is herein meant with respect to the total volume of the PBSMM, unless denoted otherwise.

The length (L) of the inductor is hereby defined as the dimension parallel to the core axis (35), and the width (W) is defined as the dimension

perpendicular to the core axis (35). Minimal dimensions are defined as the minimal length and the minimal width of the inductor, which thus includes shapes wherein parts of the length and/or width are larger than its minimal length and/or width.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows an example of a rod core inductor according to the invention. The rod core inductor comprises a coil (20), having a length L_coi| (21 ), and a width Wcoii (23). The rod core inductor also comprises a rod-shaped core (30), having a length L_core (31 ), and a width W_core (32). The central axis of the core is visualized by a dotted line (35). Optional core extension is visualized by the hatched area (33), with a length of core extension L_e (34). A winding is denoted by (24), with coil winding diameter (22). The embedment is visualized by the area (10), with perpendicular thickness (1 1 ) and longitudinal thickness (12).

Figure 2 shows various examples cross-sections of a core, also referred to as diameter of the rod-shape core, being circular (36), rectangular (37) and ellipsoidal (38). Coil

Preferably, the coil comprises at least 3 windings, more preferably at least 10 windings. The coil may comprise as many windings as convenient for end-use, for example at most 50 windings, more preferably at most 30 windings.

The windings comprise an electrical conductive material which can be any of the well-known electrically conductive materials such as nickel, copper, gold, silver, platinum, lead or aluminum. Preferably the windings comprise nickel or copper or blends thereof since these materials are not scarce and provide a high electrical conductivity.

The windings can have any cross-sectional shape such as circular, rectangular and ellipsoidal. The windings may comprise an insulation material around an electrical conductive material. The insulation material is known in the art and may be a thermoset or a thermoplastic material with a degradation or melting point higher than the melting point of the PBSMM. The windings may also be made from Litz wire. Litz wire reduces skin effects at higher frequencies and decrease resistance.

The diameter of a winding (22) is herein defined as the largest dimension of the cross-section of the electrical conductive material of the winding. Preferably, the diameter of the electrical conductive material in the windings is at least 1 mm, more preferably 1 .5 mm and most preferably at least 2.5 mm, as this allows high currents to pass through the winding with lower ohmic loss. The maximum diameter of the electrical conductive material in the winding is chosen to allow for the total number of windings around the core as desired in the end-use, for example at most 5 mm, more preferably at most 4 mm. Core

The rod core inductors according to the present invention comprise a rod-shaped core.

A rod-shape is herein meant to be an elongated member having a length of at least the length of the coil, which is larger than its width (W_core, 32). For the purpose of this invention, drum-cores are also considered to comprise a rod-shaped core. The shape of the core outside the coil may be different from the shape inside the coil.

As depicted schematically in Figure 2, the diameter of the rod-shape core may be of any form, such as circular (36), rectangular (37) and ellipsoidal (38). For cores with a non-circular cross-section the width (32) is defined as the largest dimension of its cross-section.

The length of the core must be at least the length of the coil, and may be larger than the length of the coil, and thus be extended with respect to the coil. This is exemplified in Figure 1 by the hatched area (33). The length of the optional core extension (L_e, 34) may be the same or different on both sides of the coil.

Preferably, the length of the core extension is at least 0.01 times the length of the core and more preferably at least 0.05 times the length of the core. The advantage of having a core extension is that it allows easier applications and more robust fixation of the windings to the core by means of chemical or physical bonding agents. The maximal length of the core extension may be chosen as dictated by the space requirements of the inductor in the end-use, and may be for example at most 0.25 times the length of the core, more preferably at most 0.15 times the length of the core.

The core comprises a soft magnetic material including for example multiple soft magnetic materials. The soft magnetic material of the core may be different from the soft magnetic material employed in the PBSMM. Preferably, the core comprises a soft magnetic material such as ferromagnetic metals and alloys, ferrites such as NiZn or MnZn ferrites, ferromagnetic amorphous alloys and ferromagnetic nanocrystalline alloys. The soft magnetic material of the core is chosen to meet the requirements of the end-use of the inductors according to the invention, such as the current rating, the operation frequency range and operation temperature range.

Preferably, the soft magnetic material of the core has a saturation magnetization of at least 0.2 Tesla, more preferably at least 0.4 Tesla, even more preferred at least 1 .0 Tesla as measured in accordance to DIN EN 60401 -3 and IEC 62044. The advantage of having a higher saturation magnetization is that embedded inductors with a higher current rating can be manufactured.

Soft magnetic materials - general

The term soft magnetic material is known in the art and is

distinguished from hard magnetic materials. Herein, soft magnetic materials are understood to be magnetic materials with a coercivity < 1000 A/m in accordance to IEC 60404-1 :2000.

Soft magnetic materials are further described, for example, in the following handbooks: (1 ) Feynman, R.P., Leighton, R.B., Sands, M. The Feynman lectures on Physics; The New Millennium Edition, Basic Books: New York, 2010, Vol. 2, pp 37-1 - 37-13; describes Magnetic Materials; (2) Williams. B.W. Power

Electronics: Devices, Drivers, Applications and Passive Components. McGraw-Hill; 2ⁿ edition, 1992; pp 617-679, describes Soft Magnetic Materials; and (3) Herzer, G. in Handbook of Magnetic Materials; Vol. 10. Buschow, K.H.J. Ed. Elsevier Science B.V.: 1997, pp 415-462, describes Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Alloys.

Typical values for the saturation magnetization of common soft magnetic materials are given in Table 1 . Table 1 : Saturation magnetization of common soft magnetic materials

The soft magnetic material comprised in the PBSMM in the embedment of the present invention can be any soft magnetic material having a saturation magnetization of at least 1 Tesla, more preferably at least 1.2 Tesla, < more preferred at least 1.5 Tesla.

The saturation magnetization of the soft magnetic materials is measured according to IEC 60401 -3 and IEC 62044 using the following basic measurement conditions and parameters:

- Ring-shaped sample

- Temperature 23 °C

- Sinusoidal excitation signal

- Excitation frequency of 50 Hz - Maximum applied field strength as prescribed in Table 2 of I EC 60401 -3.

The advantage of having a higher saturation magnetization is that embedded inductors with a higher current rating can be manufactured.

Suitable soft magnetic materials are, for example, ferromagnetic metals and alloys ferromagnetic amorphous alloys and ferromagnetic nanocrystalline alloys with the provision that their saturation magnetization is at least 1 Tesla more preferably at least 1.2 Tesla, even more preferred at least 1.5 Tesla as measured in accordance to the method described above. A suitable soft magnetic material having a saturation magnetization of at least 1 Tesla is, for example, Ni₈oFe₂o (alloy). Suitable soft magnetic materials having a saturation magnetization of at least 1.2 Tesla are, for example, Fe73.5Cu1 Nb3Si13.5B9 (nanocrystalline alloy) and Ni₅₀Fe₅o (alloy). Suitable soft magnetic materials having a saturation magnetization of at least 1.5 Tesla are, for example, Iron (metal), Cobalt (metal), Fe₄₉Co₄9V₂ (alloy) and Fe₆₅Co₃5 (alloy). Polymer bonded soft magnetic material (PBSMM)

The embedment of the inductor according to the invention can in principle be any polymer bonded soft magnetic material (PBSMM) comprising at least 30 vol% of a soft magnetic material with a saturation magnetization of at least 1 Tesla as measured according to the method described above. The polymer in the PBSMM can be chosen from a wide range of thermoplastic polymers. These include, for example, (co)polyamides, polyphthalamides, polyolefins, polyesters, polyimides, polyetherimides, polyaryletherketones, polyphenylene sulfides, liquid crystalline polymers, polycarbonates and a thermoplastic elastomer, as well as mixtures thereof.

Suitable polyamides include, for example, PA6, PA6,6 and PA4,6, as well as (co)polyamides and blends thereof. Suitable polyphthalamides include

PA10T,PA9T and PA6T/6I, as well as (co) polyphthalamides and blends thereof. Suitable thermoplastic elastomers include segmented block-copolymers comprising a soft block such as for example polyethylene glycol or polytetrahydrofuran and a polyester hard block such as polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate. The advantage of using thermoplastic elastomers is that PBSMMs based on these polymers show higher ductility and offer the possibility to make embedded inductors according to the present invention with higher mechanical robustness.

Preferably, the thermoplastic polymer is chosen from a material that is reflow solderable. This has the advantage that the embedded inductor according to the invention can be reflow soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB). The PBSMM is made by techniques as known in the art and include blending of the polymer with the soft magnetic material and optionally other

components. The amount of soft magnetic material in the PBSMM is at least 30 vol%, with respect to the total volume of the PBSMM. Preferably, the amount is at least 40 vol%, more preferred at least 50 vol%. The advantage of increasing the amount of soft magnetic material in the PBSMM is that the magnetic properties (e.g., relative magnetic permeability and saturation magnetization) of the PBSMM improve. The maximum amount of soft magnetic material depends on the process of embedding the inductor. When the inductor according to the invention is manufactured using injection molding, the maximum is around 80 vol% as above these amounts the flow behavior of the

PBSMM is insufficient for the injection molding process. When compression molding is employed as a way of embedding, the maximum amount of soft magnetic material can be as high as 90 vol%.

In one embodiment the PBSMM of the embedment of the coil has a saturation magnetization of at least 0.4 Tesla as measured according to I EC 60401 -3 and I EC 62044 using the measurement conditions and parameters as described above with the proviso that the maximum applied field strength is 100 kA/m.

The reason to choose this maximum applied field strength for PBSMM, which deviates from the norm I EC 60401-3, is that the relative magnetic permeability of the PBSMMs used in the rod core inductors according to the current invention is generally less than 50 and can even be lower than 15, which is much lower than for typical soft magnetic materials. As a result, saturation occurs at much higher applied field strength for these PBSMMs compared to typical soft magnetic materials for which the aforementioned norm was specifically developed.

Preferably, the PBSMM has a saturation magnetization of at least 0.6

Tesla and even more preferred of at least 0.8 Tesla as measured according to IEC 60401 -3 and IEC 62044 using the measurement conditions and parameters as described above with the proviso that the maximum applied field strength is 100 kA m. Having a PBSMM with a higher saturation magnetization allows for embedded inductors with a higher current rating. PBSMM embedment

The inductor has a length L of at least L_COii+0.001 xW_coi|, and a wdith W of at least 1 .001 xW_coi|. The embedment according to the present invention can have any shape as desired for the end-used as long as L is at least L_COii+0.001 xW_coi|, and W is at least 1 .001 xW_coii; parts of the embedment may thus be larger.

Preferably, the core is centered with respect to the embedment in the direction perpendicular to the core axis (35) and, thus, the perpendicular thickness of the embedment (1 1 ) is at least 0.0005xW_coi|. Herein, the perpendicular thickness (1 1 ) is defined as the minimum distance from an outer diameter of the windings to the outer surface of the embedment in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the core (35).

Preferably, the core is centered with respect to the embedment in direction parallel to the core axis (35) and, thus, the longitudinal thickness of the embedment (12) is at least 0.0005xW_coi|. The longitudinal thickness (12) is defined as the minimum distance from a terminal winding to the outer surface of the inductor in the direction parallel to the axis of the core (35). The longitudinal thickness of the inductor (12) may be made from PBSMM, if the core has the same length as the coil. If the core is longer than the coil, the longitudinal thickness may be a combination of core and PBSMM.

Preferably, the inductor has length L of at least L_COii+0.01 xW_coi| and the width W is at least 1 .01 xW_coi|. More preferably, the inductor the length L being at least Lcoii+0.1 xWcoii and the width W being at least 1 .1 xW_coi|. The advantage of having a thicker embedment is that the inductance of the inductor according to the invention is enhanced and the stray magnetic field is shielded to a higher extent. The maximum embedment thickness may be chosen as dictated by the space requirements of the inductor in the end-use. For example, the inductor may have maximum dimensions of for example the length being at most L_COii+2xW_coi| and the width being at most 3xW_coi|, more preferably the length being at most L_COii+1xW_coi| and the width being at most 2xW_coi|.

The embedment can be manufactured by any shaping technique known in the art, such as, for example, injection molding, compression molding, extrusion or selective laser sintering (SLS). Preferably, injection molding is used to manufacture of the embedment, as it allows rapid, large scale manufacture and complex product shapes.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the perpendicular thickness (1 1 ) and longitudinal thickness (12) of the embedment are preferably at least 0.1 mm, more preferably at least 0.2 mm and most preferably at least 0.5 mm. The maximum perpendicular thickness (1 1 ) and longitudinal thickness (12) of the embedment are chosen as dictated by the space requirements of the inductor in the end-use. For example, the thickness (1 1 ) and longitudinal thickness (12) of the embedment may be at most 10 mm, more preferably at most 5 mm.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inductor has a number of windings per unit (n) length of the coil of the inductor (L_coil) is between 400 and 900 and can be calculated by the formula:

n=N/L_coi|,

wherein L_coi| is in meters, and N is the total number of windings.

The current of rating of the inductor according to the invention is preferably at least 1 A, more preferably at least 5 A and most preferred at least 10 A.

The advantage of having inductors with a higher current rating is that these devices have a wider operating window and may be applied in applications where high (peak) currents occur.

The rod core inductor according to the invention can suitably be employed in applications which require high currents; alternatively, the rod core inductor can be designed smaller while still allowing the same amount of current.

Yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a rod core inductor having a length L and a width W comprising:

a. a coil having a length L_coi| and a width W_coi|, and

b. a core having a length of at least L_coi|, width W_core and made from a soft magnetic material,

wherein the coil is embedded in an embedment of a polymer bonded soft magnetic material (PBSMM) comprising a polymer and at least 30 vol% soft magnetic material with a saturation magnetization of at least I Tesla as measured according to I EC 60401 -3 and I EC 62044, and wherein the inductor has as a length L being at least L_COii+0.001 xW_COii, and W being at least 1 .001 xW_coi|, wherein

• the polymer is chosen from (co)polyamides, polyphthalamides, polyolefins, polyesters, polyimides, polyetherimides, polyaryletherketones, polyphenylene sulfides, liquid crystalline polymers, polycarbonates and a thermoplastic elastomer, as well as mixtures thereof, and

• the soft magnetic material with a saturation magnetization of at least 1 Tesla is chosen from Ni₈oFe₂o (alloy)., Fe73.₅Cui Nb₃Sii3.5B9 (nanocrystalline alloy), Ni₅oFe₅o (alloy), Iron (metal), Cobalt (metal), Fe₄9Co₄9V₂ (alloy) and Fe₆5Co₃5 (alloy).

Methods

Materials

Thermoplastic polymers:

PA6 polyamide 6 (standard injection molding grade), relative solution viscosity at 23 °C in 90% formic acid in water at 1 g/100ml_ = 2.28, density 1 .13 g/cm3.

PA46 polyamide 46 (standard injection molding grade), viscosity number according to ISO 307 at 25 °C in 96% sulphuric acid in water at 0.005 g/ml = 160 mL/g, density 1 .10 g/cm3.

PBT polybutylene terephthalate, relative solution viscosity at 23 °C in m- cresol at 0.5 g/mL = 1 .85, density 1.30 g/cm3.

TPE thermoplastic elastomer (segmented block-copolymer comprising polytetrahydrofuran soft block and a polybutylene terephthalate hard block), Hardness (3 s) = Shore D 25, MVR = 41 cm3/10 min at 230 °C and 2.16 kg, density 1.08 g/cm3.

PPS polyphenylene sulfide, MFR = 152 g/10 min at 315 °C and 5 kg, density 1 .35 g/cm3.

PP polypropylene block copolymer (high impact resistance grade), MFR

= 6.2 g/10 min at 230 °C and 2.16 kg, density 0.91 g/cm3.

Soft magnetic materials:

Ferrite 1 NiZn ferrite, Neosid F5is from the company NEOSID Pemetzrieder

GmbH & CoKG, Germany, initial relative magnetic permeability = 150, saturation magnetization 0.30 T, density about 5.35 g/cm3

Ferrite 2 NiZn ferrite, Neosid F2 from the company NEOSID Pemetzrieder

GmbH & CoKG, Germany, initial relative magnetic permeability = 220, saturation magnetization 0.50 T, density about 4.85 g/cm3

Iron (Fe) ACS 100.29 iron powder from Hoganas AB, Sweden, density = 7.83 g/cm3

Preparation of PBSMM The PBSMM were prepared using a twin-screw extruder by melt- blending the soft magnetic materials and the appropriate thermoplastic polymer as known in the art. Table 2 gives an overview of the PBSMMs prepared.

Preparation of cylindrical rod cores, rings and tensile bars

Cylindrical rod cores (diameter 4.5 mm x length 100 mm), rings with circular cross-section (inner diameter 95 mm, outer diameter 105 mm) and ISO 527 type 1 BA tensile bars were prepared by injection molding as known in the art.

Preparation of embedded inductors

For the preparation of the embedded rod core inductors a standard rod core inductor with a NiZn ferrite core was used with the following characteristics:

Inductance 5.2 μΗ at low current (< 2 A) and 100 kHz

Ferrite core A rod-shaped core with circular cross-section with a diameter, W_cor

(32), of 10 mm and a total length, L_core (31 ) + 2x L_e (34), of 40 mm.

The length of the core extension, L_e (34), was 2.6 mm

Coil The coil had a length, Ι__∞Η (21 ), of 34.8 mm and a width, W_coi| (23), of

15 mm. The coil consisted of 12.5 windings made of isolated copper wire with a diameter (22) of 2.5 mm. The embedment of PBSMM was applied around the rod core inductor by injection molding as known in the art using a dedicated mold. The rod core inductor was fixed in the mold by the terminal part of the windings. The embedment produced by the mold had a perpendicular thickness (1 1 ) of 3 mm and a longitudinal thickness (12) of 2.6 mm (equal to the length of the core extension, L_e).

Measurement of tensile properties of the PBSMM

The tensile properties of the PBSMM were measured on the injection molded tensile bars according to ISO 527 (testing speed 1 mm/min for E-modulus, 5 mm/min beyond E-modulus). Measurement of initial relative magnetic permeability of PBSMM as function of frequency

To determine the initial relative magnetic permeability of a PBSMM, the inductance of a cylindrical coil with circular windings is measured in two

configurations: /^') with an injection molded cylindrical rod core (diameter 4.5 mm x length 100 mm) made from the material under investigation and if) without core material, i.e„ using an air core. The initial relative magnetic permeability is then calculated as

Hr = (L_m/L_air1 ) * (Acoi|/A_ai_r) + 1 wherein L_m is the inductance of the coil with the core made from the material, L_air is the inductance of the coil with the air core, Αο_θΝ is the cross sectional area of the coil 1/4πϋ², wherein D is the average diameter calculated as the average diameter of inner and outer diameter of the coil and A_core is the cross sectional area of the core. The inductance was measured as a function of frequency with a HP4275A frequency LCR meter. The coil was hand-made from a standard isolated copper wire with a total diameter of 2.6 mm and a copper cross section with a diameter of 1.4 mm; 32 windings were used; total length of the coil was 87 mm; inner diameter of the coil was 4.5 mm. The coil was connected to the LCR meter by means of HP type 16048 test leads. A maximum of 0.1 Volt was applied.

Measurement of saturation magnetization (Bsat) of the PBSMM

The saturation magnetization of the PBSMM is measured on injection molded rings with a Brockhaus MPG200 system according to IEC 60401 -3 and IEC 62044 using the measurement conditions and parameters as described above with the proviso that the maximum applied field strength is 100 kA m.

Measurement of inductance of inductors as a function of current

The inductance of the embedded inductors and non-embedded inductors was measured as function of DC bias current at 100 kHz with a input peak-to- peak voltage of 20 V using a MADMIX High-current apparatus manufactured by

MinDCet NV, Leuven, Belgium. The detailed measurement principle of the MADMIX High-current apparatus is disclosed in WO20131 10145. Table 2: Overview of PBSMMs and Mechanical data

[1] E-modulus

[2] Tensile strength

[3] Elongation at break

Table 3: PBSMM magnetic data

1 ] Saturation magnetization

Table 4: Embedded inductor data

Embedment ^l1J I 95% ^m I 90% ^l3J PBSMM

at 100 kHz, [μΗ] [A] [A]

Ex 1 12.0 15.4 17.8

Comp. Ex A 8.4 9.6 15.5

Comp. Ex G 9.9 10.6 15.5 [1 ] Initial inductance at low DC bias current of 1 .89 A

[2] DC bias current at which inductance is 95% of L₀

[3] DC bias current at which inductance is 90% of L₀ The mechanical data as shown in Table 2 clearly indicate that these are largely independent on the applied soft magnetic material. TPE and PP based PBSMM exhibit lower modulus and higher elongation at break, and are thus more soft and ductile as compared to PBSMMs based on PA6, PA46, PBT and PPS. Table 3 clearly shows that the PBSMM according to the invention (examples 1 to 6) exhibits a higher initial relative magnetic permeability, as compared to a PBSMM not according to the invention with a comparable loading of soft magnetic material (comparative examples A to G). The higher initial relative magnetic permeability was even observed at a frequency as high as 100 kHz. The examples according to the invention clearly show a saturation magnetization as measured at an applied field of 100 kA/m of being higher than 0.70 T, whereas the comparative examples exhibit a saturation magnetization of lower than 0.35 T.

Table 4 provides results of embedded inductors. The results are also shown in Figure 3. The rod core inductor according to the invention with an embedment of PBSMM of example 1 , exhibited a higher initial inductance, as compared to inductors not according to the invention, thus with embedments of a PBSMM of comp. Ex A and G. Surprisingly, this higher inductance could be maintained at higher currents. The rod core inductors with an embedment of a PBSMM of comparative examples A and G clearly show that the value of the inductance steeply decreased upon increasing current. Since the PBSMM of examples 2 to 6 show similar magnetic properties as PBSMM of example 1 , similar results are expected for embedded rod core inductors according to the invention prepared employing the PBSMMs of examples 2 to 6.

The rod core inductors according to the invention thus show a high current rating, which makes them very suitable to be applied in applications which requires these high current rating, such as for example switch-mode power supplies and DC-DC converters.

Claims

Rod core inductor having a length L and a width W comprising:

a. a coil having a length L_coi| and a width W_coi|, and

wherein the coil is embedded in an embedment of a polymer bonded soft magnetic material (PBSMM) comprising a polymer and at least 30 vol% soft magnetic material with a saturation magnetization of at least Uesla as measured according to I EC 60401 -3 and I EC 62044, and wherein L is at least Lcoii+0.001 xWcoii, and W is at least 1 .001 xW_coi|.

Rod core inductor according to claim 1 , wherein L is at least L_COii+0.01xW_coi|, and W is at least 1 .01 xW_coN

Rod core inductor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the embedment of PBSMM comprises at least 40 vol% soft magnetic material.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims, in which the saturation magnetization of the soft magnetic material is at least 1.2 Tesla. Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims, in which the PBSMM has a saturation magnetization of at least 0.4 Tesla as measured according to IEC 60401 -3 and IEC 62044 with a maximum applied field strength being 100 kA m.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims, in which the PBSMM has a saturation magnetization of at least 0.6 Tesla as measured according to IEC 60401 -3 and IEC 62044 with a maximum applied field strength being 100 kA m.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims, wherein the soft magnetic material with a saturation magnetization of at least 1 Tesla is chosen from a group comprising ferromagnetic metals and alloys, ferromagnetic amorphous alloys and ferromagnetic nanocrystalline alloys.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims, wherein the core comprises a soft magnetic material having a saturation magnetization of at least 0.4 Tesla as measured according to IEC 60401 -3 and IEC 62044.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims in which the PBSMM comprises a polymer chosen from a group comprising polyamides, polyphthalamides, polyolefins, polyesters, polyimides, polyetherimides, polyaryletherketones, polyphenylene sulfides, liquid crystalline polymers, polycarbonates and a thermoplastic elastomer.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims in which the number of windings is between 1 and 50.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims in which the diameter of each winding is at least 0.1 mm.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims having a current rating of at least 1 Ampere.

Rod core inductor according to any one of the above claims, having a current rating of at least 5 Ampere.