WO2015082114A1 - Dispositif de freinage d'une éolienne - Google Patents

Dispositif de freinage d'une éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015082114A1
WO2015082114A1 PCT/EP2014/072186 EP2014072186W WO2015082114A1 WO 2015082114 A1 WO2015082114 A1 WO 2015082114A1 EP 2014072186 W EP2014072186 W EP 2014072186W WO 2015082114 A1 WO2015082114 A1 WO 2015082114A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
braking
wind turbine
brake
braking device
rest position
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/072186
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jesper Valbjoern
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2015082114A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015082114A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0244—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking
    • F03D7/0248—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking by mechanical means acting on the power train
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/902—Braking using frictional mechanical forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/12—Fluid pressure for releasing a normally applied brake, the type of actuator being irrelevant or not provided for in groups F16D2121/04 - F16D2121/10
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a braking device with a number of connecting means to at least one element, in particular a rotating element, a wind turbine. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for braking and / or locking a wind turbine by means of a braking device and the use of a braking device in a wind turbine.
  • Wind turbines often use a hydraulic or pneumatic braking device that actively brakes when hydraulic or pneumatic pressure is applied.
  • brake devices usually consist of at least one brake caliper with (in each case) at least one brake pad, wherein the brake caliper comprises a brake disc such that the brake pad can be pressed against the brake disc and thus brakes the brake disc in its movement.
  • the brake disc can be mounted directly fixed to an element of the rotor or to a drive train component which is coupled to the rotor of the wind turbine. Braking the brake disc thus at least indirectly brakes the rotor as well Wind turbine.
  • the hydraulic or pneumatic principle of operation of the braking device is based on the fact that the transmission and the control of the braking forces by means of a hydraulic or pneumatic fluid in a closed circuit.
  • the necessary hydraulic pressure is usually generated by a hydraulic pump or a compressor. By opening solenoid valves, the hydraulic or pneumatic forces are coupled.
  • the rotor and / or the driveline for maintenance and service work on a wind turbine must also be fixed in a fixed position fail-safe. This serves to protect the specialist personnel, especially when working on the rotating parts in operation, such as hub, generator or wing. Therefore, currently, when personnel in the nacelle of the wind turbine is required, usually used as a fail-safe locking a separate, so-called rotor-lock system, which introduces at least one axially movable piston recess of a rotary member of the wind turbine and thus detects this. The piston remains in the locking position, blocks the rotating element and thus ensures that the safety of personnel is not endangered by unwanted rotating parts.
  • this rotor-lock system requires a precise alignment of the fixing piston to the rotary member in order to guide the piston in the recess provided for this purpose. If the two elements are positioned incorrectly with respect to each other, damage can occur to the rotating element or to the rotor-lock system. In addition, this separate locking system takes up valuable space and increases the weight of the nacelle of the wind turbine, making it more difficult to transport to and from the site.
  • the combination of the hydraulic brake device with a rotor-lock system which is necessary for safety reasons, thus ensures especially complicated locking operations and increases the effort involved in the production and maintenance of a wind power plant. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an alternative, in particular improved braking device of a wind turbine, which preferably simplifies the aforementioned, complex brake and FestStellvorettien and / or reduces the production and maintenance costs.
  • the braking device of the type mentioned includes a braking element with a predefined rest position in which the braking element brakes the rotating element, and an actuator which is designed and arranged so that it moves the brake element during operation away from the rest position, that is, the brake solves.
  • activation-free means that the brake element is in the rest position when the actuator is not activated, ie, when the actuator is deactivated, it exerts its full braking force.
  • the brake device used here provides maximum reliability: namely, if the actuator fails - in the case of a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator, for example due to pressure drop - this ensures at all times that the brake device brakes automatically.
  • the actuator is used to cancel the braking effect of the braking device (at least partially).
  • the brake control of the actuator thus causes a reduction of the braking force of the braking element on the rotary member instead of an increase as in the prior art.
  • This security measure eliminates the need for one to install independent locking device such as the rotor lock system described above in the wind turbine, but the braking device used here clearly meets the highest safety standards for locking devices, as they were previously achieved only by rotor-lock systems.
  • the braking device according to the invention itself may already be referred to as a locking device.
  • the use of the braking device described here even compared to rotor-lock systems again a significantly increased locking security, because it engages safely in any position of the rotating element to be detected and without any (human or mechanical) intervention.
  • the braking element to be braked braking element is preferably an element of the rotor and / or an element of a drive train of the wind turbine.
  • other rotational elements of the wind turbine such as a disk of a wind direction tracking or a pitch control of the rotor blades can be braked and / or determined.
  • the rotating elements are called, which transmit a wind-induced rotational movement from the mechanical rotor to the generator.
  • the drive train can therefore comprise the rotor hub, rotor shaft and possibly a transmission and further shafts.
  • directly converting wind turbines and those with gearboxes.
  • the transmission translates the rotational speed of the rotor into one of the number of pole pairs of the generator dependent, usually higher speed.
  • directly converting wind turbines an element of the mechanical rotor is at the same time also the rotor of the generator - a gear ratio is eliminated.
  • the use of the braking device according to the invention in a direct-conversion the wind turbine is particularly preferred within the scope of the invention.
  • the braking element of the brake device can prevent or prevent, for example, by friction or static friction, the rotation of the rotating element and partially or completely brake it in this way.
  • Known devices for this purpose are block brakes or wedge brakes, wherein the brake element in these cases is the block or the wedge of the respective brake. But it can also be used any other suitable brake elements.
  • the braking element of the braking device can act both on a stationary element and on the rotating element.
  • the braking force can be exerted by the stationary member on the rotating member or vice versa.
  • the rotational element is prevented by the action of the braking force in its rotational movement or completely stopped.
  • the rest position is to be regarded as the (initial) normal position, in which the braking element is automatically, d. H. automatically, returns again.
  • the actuator can move the brake element so far from this rest position
  • the two limit states exist: the free rotation with full activation of the actuator and the maximum braking effect with complete inactivity of the actuator, d. H. in the rest position of the braking element. Between these extremes, the applied braking force can be continuously adjusted by the actuator.
  • the actuator refers to an active element on the brake device. It can be controlled and then removed on an appropriate command, the brake element so from the rest position that reduces the braking force.
  • the actuator can be configured differently. For example, an electric motor and / or mechanical elements serve to move the brake element. For the free rotation of the rotor, it is therefore necessary that the actuator permanently receives the action command to keep the brake element away from its rest position. Otherwise, the brake element returns to the rest position and brakes the rotating element. This will automatically slow the rotation if the actuator fails, comparable to an emergency stop function. As mentioned above, this automatic and passive braking and locking function replaces the safety-relevant functionality of the rotor-lock system.
  • An advantage of a braking device according to the invention is thus the saving of a separate locking system.
  • the necessary connecting means, the hydraulic hoses, lines and valves and their control are unnecessary. This reduces both the design, production and maintenance costs as well as the weight and space requirements of the braking device in the nacelle of the wind turbine. Accordingly, the wind turbine can be transported easier and build at their destination.
  • the above-mentioned method is further developed in that a brake element of the brake device brakes and / or detects a rotational element of the wind turbine in a predefined rest position and an actuator of the brake device is designed and arranged such that it moves the brake element away from the rest position during operation.
  • a braking device according to the invention is preferably used.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a braking device for a wind power plant, comprising the following steps:
  • connection means to at least one element, in particular a rotation element of the wind turbine
  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wind turbine with a rotor, wherein at least ei ne braking device according to the invention is integrated into the wind turbine.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a braking device, in particular a braking device according to the invention, in a wind power plant, in particular a directly converting wind turbine, wherein the braking device comprises:
  • An actuator which is designed and arranged so that it moves the brake element during operation from the rest position.
  • the braking device can also be developed according to the respective dependent claims for the method or vice versa.
  • the braking device according to the invention comprises a return element, which exerts a restoring force on the brake element in the direction of the rest position during operation.
  • This restoring element which can also be referred to as a (second) actuator, thus exerts a counterforce against the force of the
  • the restoring element is particularly preferably an automatically acting, d. H. automatic, active element that exerts the restoring force without any influence on itself. This means that it does not require activation in the regular operation of the brake device to effect the exercise of the restoring force by the return element. It is thus in the restoring element to a memory of potential energy, which energy is used in the context of this development of the invention to perform a movement of the braking element in the direction of the rest position always when the above-mentioned (first) actuator is not sufficient Force away from the rest position against the restoring force exerts.
  • any storage of potential energy such as, for example, a weight in the gravitational field or a charge in the electrical potential can be used as the reset element.
  • the manifold for example, as an air spring, gas spring,
  • the restoring element of the braking device according to the invention preferably comprises a spring, more preferably a helical spring. This is particularly preferably biased so that it exerts a sufficient braking force in the above-defined rest position to determine the rotation element even at high wind speeds.
  • the (first) actuator of a braking device preferably has a direction of action which is opposite to a direction of the restoring force of the restoring element in order to prevent the To reduce the braking force exerted by the return element as effectively as possible.
  • the described (first) actuator particularly preferably comprises a hydraulic and / or pneumatic actuator. This allows the hitherto in the construction of the wind turbine be considered lines, compressors, valves and Steuerun conditions for the previously used hydraulic and / or pneumatic tables tables continue to be used and existing Windkraftan could possibly be retrofitted with braking devices according to the invention.
  • a brake device in a brake device according to the invention preferably a dacarte1 for connection to non-rotating, d. H. fixed, formed elements of wind turbines.
  • the Bremsele ment comprises at least one brake pad.
  • a brake pad or another Bremsvorrichung invention may be appropriate, which exerts a counter force and thus holds the rotating element in its position even when acting braking force.
  • this additionally leads to an increase in the braking effect.
  • the rotation element which is braked by a brake device according to the invention, preferably comprises a brake disc be.
  • a brake disc be This is preferably directly or indirectly connected to the drive train and / or the rotor of the wind turbine.
  • the brake disc is designed so and matched to the Bremsbe lag the braking element that optimal braking effect with minimal material abrasion of both components is realized.
  • the rotation element is designed as part of a rotor of a generator of the wind turbine.
  • Windkraftanläge is thus a direct konver- tant wind turbine and no transmission gear or a rotor continuing from the drive train is present, where yes could also be braked.
  • the rest position of the brake element of the brake device according to the invention is preferably a contact position between the brake element and the rotation element.
  • At least one inventive device is preferably designed as a locking device.
  • this braking device not only serves to decelerate, but also to detect, for example, during intended system shutdowns such as maintenance or emergency
  • a wind turbine according to the invention for braking and / or for determining one of its rotational elements exclusively comprises a number of braking devices according to the invention. So there are no further, different types of braking and / or locking devices required because the maintenance of a brake device, the other braking devices perform the locking function.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a braking device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a wind power plant according to the invention with the braking device from FIG. 1.
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a braking device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention. It has a cylinder 2 with a cylinder cavity 4. A base of the cylinder 2 faces towards a rotary element 7 whose center of rotation lies radially outside the cylinder 2. The cylinder 2 has on its side facing away from the rotary member 7 a connection point 5 to a fixed connection element of the wind turbine.
  • a saddle 17, which encloses a certain circular segment of the rotary element both azimuthally and radially up to the diameter of the cylinder 2, extends beyond the base surface of the cylinder 2 facing the rotary element 7.
  • a first brake pad 3 is mounted in the center of the cylinder 2.
  • a return element 15 In the direction of the rotation member 17 closes in the cylinder cavity 4 to the return element 15, a piston 6 at. This is connected by a punch through an opening in the rotational element 7 facing base of the cylinder 2 with a second brake pad 14.
  • the brake pad 14 is in its rest position 9 in contact with the rotary member 7.
  • This gap 11 is an opening 16 in the rotating member 7 facing Base of the cylinder 2 and a line system 8 with a valve 10 and a pump 12 is connected.
  • the return element 15 in the form of a prestressed helical spring with four spring coils permanently exerts a restoring force Fi in the braking direction BR, ie in the direction of the rotary element 7, which is here designed in the form of a brake disk 7.
  • This restoring force Fi is transmitted via the piston 6 to the second brake pad 14.
  • the second brake pad 14 presses against the brake disc 7 and brakes it by the resulting friction.
  • the brake element consists of the piston 6 with the punch and the brake pad 14.
  • To release the Brake elements 6, 14 is pumped by means of the hydraulic system of pump 12 and valve 10 via the corresponding supply line 10 liquid in the gap 11 between the piston 6 and cylinder 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a directly converting wind turbine 19 with an exemplary embodiment of a brake device 1 according to the invention, wherein the mechanical, outer part of the rotor together with the rotor blades has been omitted in the illustration for reasons of clarity.
  • the nacelle 25 On the tower 27 of the wind turbine, the nacelle 25 is mounted in the form of a rounded cylinder with a horizontal longitudinal axis.
  • a cylindrical generator 21 is located on the longitudinal axis of the nacelle 25 at its end facing the rotor and the rotor blades.
  • the generator 21 is completely surrounded azimuthally by a hollow-cylindrical rotor 29, but protrudes axially from the hollow cylinder of the rotor ,
  • the brake device 1 At this projecting part of the generator, the brake device 1 is mounted so that its saddle 17 encloses a part of the rotor 29. This enclosed base edge of the rotor 29 is thus the brake disk 7 or the rotation element 7.
  • the wind-induced rotational movement of the rotor 29 can thus be braked directly on a rotary element 7 of the rotor 29 by the braking device 1 fastened to the generator 21.
  • the brake device 1 When completely braked rotational movement, the brake device 1 acts as a locking device and thus further prevents the rotation of the rotor. It is finally pointed out once again that the method described above in detail as well as in the illustrated devices are merely exemplary embodiments which can be modified in many different ways by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the use of the indefinite article “on” or “one” does not exclude that the characteristics in question may also be present multiple times.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de freinage (1) pourvu d'un certain nombre de moyens (3, 5) de liaison à au moins à un élément, en particulier un élément rotatif (7), une éolienne (19), comprenant un élément de freinage (9) possédant une position de repos prédéfinie (13) dans laquelle l'élément de freinage (9) freine l'élément rotatif (7), et un actionneur (11) qui est conçu et disposé de façon à écarter en fonctionnement l'élément de freinage (9) de la position de repos (13). L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de freinage et/ou d'immobilisation d'une éolienne (19) à l'aide d'un dispositif de freinage (1) et l'utilisation d'un tel dispositif de freinage (1) dans une éolienne (19).
PCT/EP2014/072186 2013-12-06 2014-10-16 Dispositif de freinage d'une éolienne WO2015082114A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013225171.8 2013-12-06
DE102013225171.8A DE102013225171A1 (de) 2013-12-06 2013-12-06 Bremsvorrichtung für eine Windkraftanlage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015082114A1 true WO2015082114A1 (fr) 2015-06-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/072186 WO2015082114A1 (fr) 2013-12-06 2014-10-16 Dispositif de freinage d'une éolienne

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102013225171A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015082114A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021116293A1 (de) 2021-06-07 2022-12-08 Effbe Gmbh Elastomerfeder und Azimutantrieb mit Elastomerfeder

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10320580A1 (de) * 2003-05-07 2004-11-25 Bosch Rexroth Ag Bremseinrichtung für eine Windenergieanlage mit einem die Windenergie in eine Drehbewegung umsetzenden Rotor und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer derartigen Bremseinrichtung
EP1650431A2 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2006-04-26 REpower Systems AG Dispositif destiné à une éolienne
EP2224128A2 (fr) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-01 Schwieger, Hartwig Eolienne avec un système de freinage
US20110115232A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-19 Two-West Wind And Solar Inc. Vertical axis wind turbine with flat electric generator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10320580A1 (de) * 2003-05-07 2004-11-25 Bosch Rexroth Ag Bremseinrichtung für eine Windenergieanlage mit einem die Windenergie in eine Drehbewegung umsetzenden Rotor und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer derartigen Bremseinrichtung
EP1650431A2 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2006-04-26 REpower Systems AG Dispositif destiné à une éolienne
EP2224128A2 (fr) * 2009-02-27 2010-09-01 Schwieger, Hartwig Eolienne avec un système de freinage
US20110115232A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-19 Two-West Wind And Solar Inc. Vertical axis wind turbine with flat electric generator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021116293A1 (de) 2021-06-07 2022-12-08 Effbe Gmbh Elastomerfeder und Azimutantrieb mit Elastomerfeder

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