WO2015080543A1 - Enzymatic catalyst comprising recombinant entomopathogenic fungi for reducing the viscosity of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils on a global level - Google Patents

Enzymatic catalyst comprising recombinant entomopathogenic fungi for reducing the viscosity of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils on a global level Download PDF

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WO2015080543A1
WO2015080543A1 PCT/MX2014/000049 MX2014000049W WO2015080543A1 WO 2015080543 A1 WO2015080543 A1 WO 2015080543A1 MX 2014000049 W MX2014000049 W MX 2014000049W WO 2015080543 A1 WO2015080543 A1 WO 2015080543A1
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heavy
oil
extra
mixture
extra heavy
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PCT/MX2014/000049
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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Antonio Andrés PASCUAL GARCIA
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Centro Universitario De Estudios E Investigacion De Proyectos, S.C.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/582—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of bacteria

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the oil sector specifically within the periods of exploitation of an oil field at the stage called tertiary or improved oil recovery.
  • This stage of improved recovery leads to the implementation of technologies such as: the industrial application of the Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi Fungi to Decrease the Viscosity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes.
  • Extra heavy oil contains high concentrations of asphaltenes, resins, heteroatoms such as: nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen (N, S, 0) as well as various metals, particularly nickel and vanadium.
  • Resins and asphaltenes are the most polar and molecular weight fractions in this type of crude, being responsible for their high density (8-10 ° API) and viscosity, which makes their extraction, transport and refining difficult by conventional methods.
  • Heavy oil is defined as oil with 22.3 ° API or lower density.
  • the oils of 10 ° API or lower density are known as extra heavy, ultra heavy or super heavy because they are denser than water.
  • conventional oils such as Brent crude oil or West Texas Intermediate, have densities ranging between 38 ° and 40 ° API.
  • the world's total oil resources is approximately 9 to 13 x
  • Heavy oil promises to play a very important role in the future of the oil industry and many countries are tending to increase their production, review reserve estimates, check new technologies and invest in infrastructure, to ensure that they do not leave their resources behind. Heavy oil
  • the viscosity of the oil can be reduced by heating, increasing the viscosity of the water with water-soluble polymers, or plugging the preferential paths, for example, with foams.
  • the steam rises from the shots (cannons, perforations, punctures) in the injector well until it reaches an impermeable barrier, then it is distributed laterally to the producing wells until it bursts into them.
  • BrelihDAyKodlE 'OetailedMapp ⁇ ngofFluvialSandBodies ImprovesPerforatingStrategyatKivernRiverField, "articledelaSPE20080, presented at the 60th California, United States Country, California, United States Country, California, United States, California, United States, California, United States.
  • SAGD Steam aided gravitational drainage
  • the main advantage of IMP technology is product performance. From 100 barrels of 13 ° API crude oil, 104 barrels of improved crude oil are obtained; while with delayed coking from 100 barrels of 13 ° API crude oil, 80 barrels of improved crude oil are obtained.
  • the ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECO BINATED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES represents the main advantages such as: lower investment costs and lower consumption of raw material and infrastructure for its application, In addition to a much safer and more stable operation.
  • API gravity is a density measure that describes how heavy or light oil is. If the values are high, it is a light oil, and if they are low, a heavy oil.
  • the technology proposed here represents an invention that would restore the economic and profitability situation of the oil sector.
  • Figure 1 It shows a microscopic view of the Legionary Bacteria grown in the Laboratory of the UNIVERSITY CENTER OF STUDIES AND RESEARCH OF PROJECTS used in this innovation.
  • Figure 2. Shows a perspective view of the Surfactant or Surfactant added to the composition in a proportion of 0-50%.
  • Figure 3. Shows a perspective view of the fungus strain called BeauveriaBassiana to the composition in a proportion of 0-20%.
  • Figure 4. It shows a perspective view of the fungus strain called Metarhizium Anisopliae in the phase in which it is ready for incorporation into the composition of the Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes , in a proportion of 0-20%.
  • Figure 5. Shows a perspective view of the raw material called cellulase bound to the composition in a proportion of 0-10%.
  • Figure 6. Shows a perspective view of the raw materials in their manual combination phase, already includes cellulase.
  • Figure 7.- Shows a perspective view of the pouring of the surfactant or surfactant.
  • Figure 8. Shows a perspective view of the shedding of fungal strains Beauveria Bassiana and Metarhizium Anisopliae.
  • Figure 9. Shows a perspective view of the ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECOMBINED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES at the production scale in its Terminal phase.
  • Figure 10. It shows a perspective view of heavy oil before the application of the Enzyme Catalyst consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes.
  • Figure 11.- It shows a perspective view of heavy oil after the application of the Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes.
  • the Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi Recombined to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes, for its industrial application (by means of a flexible pipe reinforced for fluids), for its intermittent injection in deposits with Heavy or Extra Heavy Petroleum presents a new structure capable of obtain its release, lower its viscosity and increase the API grades, using Nitrogen at low pressures as a thrust method, causing the latter to break or emulsify with the hydrocarbon.
  • a compound is obtained whose properties lighten heavy oil and unlock hardness properties; This is why its existence is feasible as well as the following aspects that are described below: a) The costs are simplified compared to other options by 90%, since the catalyst consumption is a function of 1% of the volume of the area of interest of the producer interval.
  • the Enzyme Catalyst technology consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes is compatible with the environment, since it is a natural microbial product without chemical agents.
  • the Enzymatic Catalyst constituted of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes does not represent risks in industrial safety; however, when applying it, the correct safety measures must be considered, since toxic gases are released; It is therefore convenient to have a diagnosis of the particular infrastructure of the packaging.
  • ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECOMMENDED ENTOMOPATHOGEN MUSHROOMS TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES is constituted by the union of combining its elements to form a chemical composition, for industrial application (through a flexible pipe reinforced for fluids), in deposits with Heavy or Extra Heavy Oil to obtain its unlocking, lower its viscosity and increase the API grades, which is composed of the following elements:
  • the enzyme legionary bacteria
  • a biocatalyst a protein that accelerates the process of degradation, transformation or conversion of oil; These enzymes are produced in industrial quantities and are grown in tanks called fermenters.
  • the bacterium when subjected to high concentrations of Ammoniacal Nitrogen, changes, mutates and transforms its protein system, which favors that it reaches high levels of resistance and therefore high absorption powers and in turn is genetically modified by mutating the type of protein which survives the natural environment.
  • Surfactant or Surfactant Agent are contemplated for tertiary oil recovery and / or reduce the viscosity of heavy crude in pipes or pumps characterized in that it comprises piliisobutylene of 6 to 9 carbon atoms mixed with 1 to 50% by weight of at least a member of the group formed by ethoxylated alcohols, nonylphenols and / or polyethylene glycols, said Surfactants or biotensoactives have as main physiological functions the ability to emulsify and solubilize insoluble compounds in aqueous phases, such as hydrocarbons, facilitating the availability of these substrates for the growth and maintenance of microorganisms.
  • biotensoactives will facilitate the transport of the hydrocarbon at the membrane level, a function attributed to the glycolipid-type biotensoactives bound to the cell membrane.
  • the main biological function of biotensoactives is their ability to solubilize hydrophobic substrates such as hydrocarbons, lipids, oils, drugs and others (Morikawaef al. 1993, Zengef al. 2005). -Beau would see Bassiana
  • This composition contemplates the use of active elements such as Bauveria Bassiana, which is a fungus of uteromycete that grows naturally in soils throughout the world. Its entomopathogenic power makes it capable of parasitizing insects of different species, causing the well-known white muscardine disease. It belongs to entomopathogenic fungi and is currently used as a biological insecticide or biopesticide controlling a large number of plant parasites such as caterpillars, termites, whiteflies, aphids, beetles or thysanoptera. Its function begins when its microscopic spores of this fungus adhere to the microparticles of heavy oil and generate hydration.
  • active elements such as Bauveria Bassiana, which is a fungus of uteromycete that grows naturally in soils throughout the world. Its entomopathogenic power makes it capable of parasitizing insects of different species, causing the well-known white muscardine disease. It belongs
  • the advantage to unfold the oil is that the Beauver ⁇ abassiana fungus grows forming a whitish mold.
  • -MetarhiziumAnisopliae The MetarrizumAnisoplae entomopathogenic fungus Metarhiziumanisopliaevar. an / sop // ae (Metsch.) Sorokin works in this composition object of the invention as a natural bioregulator, its qualities as thermal tolerance is closely related to the presence of hydrophobic proteins from the conidial cell wall, which protect the fungus from thermal stress and contribute to its adhesion to particle cuticles with extreme hardness. (Ying and Feng, 2004).
  • Cellulase is a polysaccharide composed exclusively of ⁇ -glucose molecules (from hundreds to several thousand units), it is thus a homopolysaccharide. It is rigid and not soluble in water. Cellulose is the most abundant organic biomolecule since it forms the majority of terrestrial biomass, which is why it is complemented by the Enzyme Catalyst compound made up of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes for its abundant and simple obtaining.
  • cellulose has a linear or fibrous structure, in which multiple hydrogen bridges are established between the hydroxyl groups of different juxtaposed glucose chains, making them impenetrable to water, which makes it insoluble in water, and causing compact fibers constituting the cell wall of plant cells, these characteristics allow that at the time of injecting the compound ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECOMBINED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES
  • the cellulase function contributes to the alignment of the hydrocarbon chains components of the crude oil, and consequently raising the value of API grades, similarly modifying its viscosity.
  • Said composition of the ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECOMBINED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRACTED CRUDES begins as the dissolution base, the Surfactant mentioned in a proportion of 1 to 50%, with respect to the total volume of the mixture.
  • the legionary bacterium enzyme is added at room temperature for which stirring speeds of 100 revolutions per minute are recommended, under the same conditions in which this mixture occurs only by decreasing the stirring speed to 75 revolutions per minute is added the fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae in a proportion of 1 to 20% with respect to the total volume of the mixture. Once the mixture is achieved, with an approximate stirring time of 3 minutes, stirring is continued at 75 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes.
  • the live mixture is prepared which is composed of cellulase at a temperature of 60 ° Celsius by adding 1 to 10% of the Beauveria Bassiana mushroom by stirring at a speed preferably of 200 revolutions per minute in an average time of 10 minutes.
  • Said composition is applied by direct and intermittent injection with a nitrogen trigger system in ranges of 25 "to 1% of the area of interest of the production interval, whose purpose is to reduce the tensions of the interfaces present between the oil, the solid surface of the rocky material and the aqueous phase inside the pores.
  • a nitrogen trigger system in ranges of 25 "to 1% of the area of interest of the production interval, whose purpose is to reduce the tensions of the interfaces present between the oil, the solid surface of the rocky material and the aqueous phase inside the pores.
  • nutrients are required for fungi and bacteria such as cellulase, whereby a mixture called live mixture is manifested.
  • Cellulase is of plant origin and we keep it in the laboratory under ambient temperature conditions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an enzymatic catalyst for reducing the viscosity of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils, as well as to the method for producing same. Both the method and the composition comprise fungi from the B.bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae species and enzymes from Legionella bacteria, together with a surfactant and cellulase. The catalyst allows crude oil to flow easily through production tubing, ensuring oil flow at low temperatures.

Description

Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscosidad de los Crudos  Enzymatic Catalyst consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease Crude Viscosity
Pesados y Extrapesados a Nivel Mundial.  Heavy and Extra Heavy Worldwide.
DESCRIPCIÓN OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se encuadra en el sector petrolero específicamente dentro de los periodos de explotación de un yacimiento petrolero en la etapa denominada recuperación terciaria o mejorada del petróleo. Esta etapa de recuperación mejorada da lugar a la implementación de tecnologías como: la aplicación industrial del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscosidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados. The present invention falls within the oil sector specifically within the periods of exploitation of an oil field at the stage called tertiary or improved oil recovery. This stage of improved recovery leads to the implementation of technologies such as: the industrial application of the Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi Fungi to Decrease the Viscosity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes.
En México las regiones productoras más importantes de este tipo de petróleo crudo se encuentran en: Activo Altamira y Región Marina Noroeste. Más concretamente con la aplicación del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscosidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados está previsto que a través de su actuación directamente inyectado de forma intermitente hacia el crudo pesado o extrapesado se determinará un sistema petrolero más eficiente adecuándonos en parámetros internacionales, como los del Instituto Americano del Petróleo (API) que diferencian sus cualidades y, por tanto, su valor. Así, entre más grados API tenga un petróleo, mejor es su calidad y sus procesos aumentan su eficacia y eficiencia. In Mexico the most important producing regions of this type of crude oil are in: Active Altamira and Marina Noroeste Region. More specifically, with the application of the Enzymatic Catalyst consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscosity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes, it is foreseen that through its action directly injected intermittently towards heavy or extra heavy crude oil, a more efficient oil system will be determined by adapting in international parameters, such as those of the American Petroleum Institute (API) that differentiate their qualities and, therefore, their value. Thus, the more API grades an oil has, the better its quality and its processes increase its effectiveness and efficiency.
ANTECEDENTES BACKGROUND
Dada la situación actual en el mercado de precios del petróleo, la recuperación mejorada por métodos químicos se constituye en una de las principales vías para aumentar el factor de recobro en los yacimientos. Es por ello que deben mantenerse los esfuerzos para desarrollar formulaciones que operen en un amplio intervalo de condiciones de yacimiento y con una relación costo/efectividad adecuada que permitan su aplicación. Given the current situation in the oil price market, the recovery improved by chemical methods is one of the main ways to increase the recovery factor in the deposits. That is why efforts must be maintained to develop formulations that operate in a wide range of reservoir conditions and with an adequate cost / effectiveness that allow their application.
La merma del suministro de petróleo, los altos precios de la energía y la necesidad de restituir las reservas, están incentivando a las compañías petroleras a invertir en yacimientos de petróleo pesado. Los petróleos pesados y viscosos presentan desafíos en el análisis de fluidos y obstáculos para la recuperación, que están siendo superados con la nueva tecnología y las modificaciones de los métodos desarrollo dos para los petróleos convencionales. The decline in oil supply, high energy prices and the need to restore reserves are encouraging oil companies to invest in heavy oil fields. Heavy and viscous oils present challenges in the analysis of fluids and obstacles to recovery, which are being overcome with new technology and the modifications of the two developed methods for conventional oils.
El crudo extrapesado (CXP), contiene altas concentraciones de asfáltenos, resinas, heteroátomos tales como: nitrógeno, azufre y oxígeno(N,S,0) así como varios metales, particularmente níquel y vanadio. Extra heavy oil (CXP), contains high concentrations of asphaltenes, resins, heteroatoms such as: nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen (N, S, 0) as well as various metals, particularly nickel and vanadium.
Las resinas y los asfáltenos constituyen las fracciones más polares y de mayor peso molecular en este tipo de crudo, siendo responsables de su alta densidad(8-10°API) y viscosidad, lo cual dificulta su extracción, transporte y refinación por métodos convencionales. Resins and asphaltenes are the most polar and molecular weight fractions in this type of crude, being responsible for their high density (8-10 ° API) and viscosity, which makes their extraction, transport and refining difficult by conventional methods.
Por otra parte, la disminución de las reservas de crudo convencional, es un factor que estimula el desarrollo de un proceso biotecnológico que logre la transformación del crudo extrapesado en un crudo comerciable y de fácil refinación, reduciéndose, de esta manera, la contaminación ambiental, el consumo de energía en los procesos y la obtención de productos de mejor calidad. On the other hand, the decrease in conventional crude oil reserves is a factor that stimulates the development of a biotechnological process that achieves the transformation of extra-heavy crude into a marketable and easily refined crude oil, thus reducing environmental pollution, the energy consumption in the processes and the obtaining of better quality products.
La mayor parte de los recursos de petróleo del mundo corresponde a hidrocarburos viscosos y pesados, que son difíciles y caros de producir y refinar. Por lo general, mientras más pesado o denso es el petróleo crudo, menor es su valor económico. Most of the world's oil resources correspond to viscous and heavy hydrocarbons, which are difficult and expensive to produce and refine. Generally, the heavier or denser the crude oil, the lower its economic value.
Las fracciones de crudo más livianas y menos densas, derivadas del proceso de destilación simple, son las más valiosas. Los crudos pesados tienden a poseer mayores concentraciones de metales y otros elementos, lo que exige más esfuerzos y erogaciones para la extracción de productos utilizables y la disposición final de los residuos. The lighter and less dense crude fractions, derived from the simple distillation process, are the most valuable. Heavy crudes tend to have higher concentrations of metals and other elements, which requires more efforts and expenditures for the extraction of usable products and the final disposal of waste.
Con la gran demanda y los altos precios del petróleo, y estando en declinación la producción de la mayoría de los yacimientos de petróleo convencionales, la atención de la industria en muchos lugares del mundo se está desplazando hacia la explotación de petróleo pesado. With the high demand and high oil prices, and the production of most conventional oil fields declining, industry attention in many parts of the world is shifting to heavy oil exploitation.
El petróleo pesado se define como petróleo con 22.3° API o menor densidad. Los petróleos de 10° API o menor densidad se conocen como extrapesados, ultrapesados o superpesados porque son más densos que el agua. Comparativamente, los petróleos convencionales, tales como el crudo Brent o West Texas Intermedíate, poseen densidades que oscilan entre 38° y 40°API. Heavy oil is defined as oil with 22.3 ° API or lower density. The oils of 10 ° API or lower density are known as extra heavy, ultra heavy or super heavy because they are denser than water. Comparatively, conventional oils, such as Brent crude oil or West Texas Intermediate, have densities ranging between 38 ° and 40 ° API.
El total de recursos de petróleo del mundo es de aproximadamente 9 a13 xThe world's total oil resources is approximately 9 to 13 x
1012 (trillones) de barriles [1 .4 a 2.1 trillones de m3]. El petróleo convencional representa sólo un 30% aproximadamente de ese total, correspondiendo el resto a petróleo pesado, extrapesado y bitumen. 1012 (trillion) barrels [1 .4 to 2.1 trillion m3]. Conventional oil represents only about 30% of that total, the rest corresponding to heavy, extra heavy and bitumen oil.
El petróleo pesado promete desempeñar un rol muy importante en el futuro de la industria petrolera y muchos países están tendiendo a incrementar su producción, revisar las estimaciones de reservas, comprobar las nuevas tecnologías e invertir en infraestructura, para asegurarse de no dejar atrás sus recursos de petróleo pesado. Heavy oil promises to play a very important role in the future of the oil industry and many countries are tending to increase their production, review reserve estimates, check new technologies and invest in infrastructure, to ensure that they do not leave their resources behind. heavy oil
Actualmente existen entre los métodos cuyo propósito es mejorar la eficiencia del desplazamiento mediante una reducción de las fuerzas capilares del crudo pesado y extrapesado las siguientes opciones; se cita la utilización de solventes miscibles con el crudo y la obtención de baja tensión interfacial con soluciones de surfactantes o soluciones alcalinas. Currently there are among the methods whose purpose is to improve displacement efficiency by reducing the capillary forces of heavy and extra heavy crude oil the following options; the use of solvents miscible with crude oil and obtaining low interfacial tension with surfactant solutions or alkaline solutions are cited.
Para mejorar la eficiencia de barrido se puede reducir la viscosidad del crudo mediante calentamiento, aumentar la viscosidad del agua con polímeros hidrosolubles, o taponar los caminos preferenciales por ejemplo con espumas. To improve the scanning efficiency, the viscosity of the oil can be reduced by heating, increasing the viscosity of the water with water-soluble polymers, or plugging the preferential paths, for example, with foams.
Los métodos que actualmente están propuestos y dispuestos para la recuperación mejorada involucran uno o varios de estos aspectos. En lo que se refiere a la utilización de surfactantes, se destacan los siguientes: The methods that are currently proposed and arranged for improved recovery involve one or more of these aspects. With regard to the use of surfactants, the following stand out:
- Drenaje miscible con micro emulsiones - Miscible drainage with micro emulsions
- Drenaje inmiscible con soluciones de surfactantes y polímeros (y a veces álcali) - Immiscible drainage with solutions of surfactants and polymers (and sometimes alkali)
- Inyección de vapor con surfactante - espumas, entre otros. - Steam injection with surfactant - foams, among others.
Los productores de petróleo que invierten en la recuperación de petróleo pesado enfrentan retos de producción especiales. Sin embargo, las técnicas innovadoras de perforación, terminación, estimulación y vigilancia rutinaria de pozos contribuyen para que los yacimientos de petróleo pesado se conviertan en activos rentables. CarICurtisRobertKopper, Petrozuata, Yacimientos de Petróleo Pesado, 2002-2003 Puerto LaCruz, Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Oil producers who invest in heavy oil recovery face special production challenges. However, innovative drilling, completion, stimulation and routine monitoring techniques contribute to heavy oil deposits becoming profitable assets. CarICurtisRobertKopper, Petrozuata, Heavy Oil Fields, 2002-2003 Puerto LaCruz, Anzoátegui, Venezuela.
Escenarios ideales y reales para el movimiento del vapor inyectado. Idealmente, el vapor se eleva desde los disparos (cañoneos, perforaciones, punzados) en el pozo inyector hasta que alcanza una barrera impermeable, luego se distribuye lateralmente hacia los pozos productores hasta que irrumpe en los mismos. Ideal and real scenarios for the movement of injected steam. Ideally, the steam rises from the shots (cannons, perforations, punctures) in the injector well until it reaches an impermeable barrier, then it is distributed laterally to the producing wells until it bursts into them.
Después, el volumen de vapor se desplaza hacia abajo a medida que el petróleo es producido por drenaje gravitacional. Más comúnmente, las complejidades del yacimiento y del pozo causan que el vapor viaje a lo largo de trayectorias desconocidas. Then, the volume of steam moves down as the oil is produced by gravitational drainage. More commonly, the complexities of the reservoir and the well cause steam to travel along unknown paths.
Estas complejidades incluyen barreras discontinuas de limolita, que permiten contactos entre las areniscas, las cuales actúan como conductos a zonas productivas superiores tareas de cementación inadecuadas y aislamiento zonal incompleto; el influjo de agua, que requiere altos volúmenes de vapor para elevar la temperatura y el contacto con areniscas llenas de aire, que provocan altas pérdidas de calor. La alta viscosidad del petróleo pesado aumenta las dificultades de transporte y de obtención de productos comerciables, requiere técnicas de refinamientos especiales y por ende más costosas. These complexities include discontinuous limolite barriers, which allow contacts between sandstones, which act as conduits to higher productive areas, inadequate cementation tasks and incomplete zonal isolation; the influx of water, which requires high volumes of steam to raise the temperature and contact with sandstones filled with air, which cause high heat losses. The high viscosity of heavy oil increases the difficulties of transport and obtaining tradable products, requires special refining techniques and therefore more expensive.
El valor de la tecnología depende de su habilidad para reducir el costo total. Debido a que la mayoría de los campos de petróleo pesado son someros, los costos de perforación no han constituido el factor dominante, pero el uso creciente de pozos horizontales y multilaterales complejos está introduciendo algunos costos en esta etapa del desarrollo. The value of technology depends on your ability to reduce the total cost. Because most of the heavy oil fields are shallow, drilling costs have not been the dominant factor, but the increasing use of complex horizontal and multilateral wells is introducing some costs at this stage of development.
El costo primario reside típicamente en la energía necesaria para generar e inyectar el vapor requerido para movilizar los petróleos v scosos.BrelihDAyKodlE:'OetailedMapp¡ngofFluvialSandBodies ImprovesPerforatingStrategyatKernRiverField, "artículodelaSPE20080, presentadoenla60teConferenciaRegionaldeCaliforniadelaSPE, Ventur a, California, EUA, 4ai6deabrilde1990. The primary cost typically resides in the energy needed to generate and inject the steam required to mobilize oil and oil. BrelihDAyKodlE: 'OetailedMapp¡ngofFluvialSandBodies ImprovesPerforatingStrategyatKivernRiverField, "articledelaSPE20080, presented at the 60th California, United States Country, California, United States Country, California, United States, California, United States, California, United States.
Venezuela presenta la acumulación de petróleo pesado más grande del mundo El primer campo venezolano importante de petróleo pesado, Mene Grande, se descubrió en 1914. Las areniscas someras que se encuentran a 168[550pies] de profundidad, produjeron petróleo de10.5°API, con regímenesdehasta42rr)3/d/pozo [264B/D] por pozo. Venezuela presents the largest heavy oil accumulation in the world The first important Venezuelan heavy oil field, Mene Grande, was discovered in 1914. Shallow sandstones that are 168 [550ft] deep, produced 10.5 ° API oil, with regimes of up to 42rr) 3 / d / well [264B / D] per well.
La inyección de vapor se probó en Mene Grande en 1956, pero el vapor de la formación somera irrumpió en las superficie. La prueba se detuvo, y cuando los pozos inyectores se abrieron para liberar la presión, produjeron petróleo. The steam injection was tested at Mene Grande in 1956, but the steam from the shallow formation broke into the surface. The test stopped, and when the injection wells opened to release the pressure, they produced oil.
Esto condujo al descubrimiento fortuito de los beneficios de la inyección cíclica de vapor; técnica a veces denominada huff and puffo de empapado con vapor (steam-soak). Venezuela posee muchos yacimientos de petróleo pesado, siendo el más importante el depósito de petróleo pesado y ultrapasado más grande del mundo; la Faja del Orinocode55,000 km2[21 ,240millascuadradas](abajo). Un pozo descubridor del año 1935 produjo crudo de 7° API a razón de 6m3/d[40B/D], pero la Faja no se estudió en detalle hasta1968. This led to the fortuitous discovery of the benefits of cyclic steam injection; technique sometimes called steam-soak huff and puffo. Venezuela has many heavy oil fields, the largest of which is the largest heavy and ultrapassed oil deposit in the world; the Orinocode Belt 55,000 km2 [21, 240 square miles] (below). A discovery well from 1935 produced 7 ° API crude at a rate of 6m 3 / d [40B / D], but the Belt was not studied in detail until 1968.
Estos estudios condujeron a Petróleos de Venezuela S.A (PDVSA) a realizar una importante campaña de cinco años, durante la cual se evaluaron varias técnicas de producción en frío y caliente. Se comprobó que las propiedades del yacimiento eran típicas de areniscas someras, no consolidadas de petróleo pesado. These studies led Petróleos de Venezuela S.A (PDVSA) to carry out an important five-year campaign, during which several hot and cold production techniques were evaluated. The properties of the deposit were found to be typical of shallow, unconsolidated heavy oil sandstones.
Las estimaciones originales indicaron que no más del 5% del petróleo de 7 a 10°API originalmente en sitio podría recuperarse sin calentamiento. The original estimates indicated that no more than 5% of the 7-10th API oil originally on site could be recovered without heating.
Afines de la década de 1980, el costo de calentamiento no favoreció la viabilidad comercial de desarrollar la Faja. Goncepto del drenaje gravitacional asistido por vapor (SAGD, por sus siglas en inglés). Los pozos horizontales perforados en pares apilados constituyen la unidad básica del proyecto SAGD. El vapor inyectado dentro del pozo superior derrite el petróleo circundante (abajo). La fuerza de gravedad provoca que el petróleo movilizado fluya hacia el pozo inferior para su producción. Los pares de pozos SAGD se pueden perforar para seguirlas características sedimentarias o en patrones para optimizar la recuperación. In the late 1980s, the cost of heating did not favor the commercial viability of developing the Belt. Steam aided gravitational drainage (SAGD). Horizontal wells drilled in stacked pairs constitute the basic unit of the SAGD project. The steam injected into the upper well melts the surrounding oil (below). The force of gravity causes the mobilized oil to flow into the lower well for its production. The pairs of SAGD wells can be drilled to follow sedimentary or pattern characteristics to optimize recovery.
Equipo de perforación en ángulo en el somero Campo MacKay River, operado por Petro-Canada. Los pozos se inician con una inclinaciónde45°,de modo que pueden volverse horizontales a la profundidad objetivode122m [400pies]. Angle drilling rig in the Shallow MacKay River shallow, operated by Petro-Canada. The wells start with an inclination of 45 °, so that they can become horizontal at the target depth of122m [400ft].
En conclusión se resume entre los métodos de recuperación mejorada por medios químicos los siguientes: In conclusion, the following are summarized among the methods of improved recovery by chemical means:
1. Inyección de polímeros y soluciones micelares poliméricas. 1. Injection of polymers and polymeric micellar solutions.
2. Procesos de inyección de surfactante.  2. Surfactant injection processes.
3. Inyección de soluciones alcalinas o aditivos alcalinos combinados con mezclas de álcali-surfactante o álcali-surfactante-polímero (ASP). La desventaja de los antecedentes de la invención propuesta es que Debido a que cada yacimiento es único en lo que se refiere a las propiedades de los crudos y del medio poroso, se deben diseñar sistemas químicos característicos para cada aplicación, es decir, se deben de valorar con parámetros las estructuras de cada pozo y esto constituye una desventaja en tiempo, esfuerzo e inversión. 3. Injection of alkaline solutions or alkaline additives combined with mixtures of alkali-surfactant or alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP). The disadvantage of the background of the proposed invention is that Because each reservoir is unique in terms of the properties of the crude and the porous medium, characteristic chemical systems must be designed for each application, that is, they must be value the structures of each well with parameters and this constitutes a disadvantage in time, effort and investment.
También representan estas opciones difíciles escenarios de decisión ya que los reactivos químicos que se emplearán, sus concentraciones en los procesos de inyección y el tamaño de los mismos, dependerán de las propiedades de los fluidos y del medio poroso de la formación, así como, de las consideraciones económicas correspondientes (PDVSA-CIED, 1998). These difficult decision scenarios also represent because the chemical reagents that will be used, their concentrations in the injection processes and their size, will depend on the properties of the fluids and the porous medium of the formation, as well as, the corresponding economic considerations (PDVSA-CIED, 1998).
Sin embargo, también mostramos como parámetro de comparación estas aplicaciones para petróleo pesado y extrapesado que sin duda quedan en desventaja con la invención propuesta que es el CATALIZADOR ENZI ÁTICO CONSTITUIDO DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATOGENOS RECOMBI NADOS PARA DISMINUIR LA VISCOCIDAD DE LOS CRUDOS PESADOS Y EXTRAPESADOS, podemos mencionar algunos criterios básicos de selección para el desarrollo de provectos de este tipo (PDVSA-CIED, 1998): Tabla 1. Criterios básicos de selección para el desarrollo de proyectos de recuperación mejorada basado en métodos químicos. However, we also show as a comparison parameter these applications for heavy and extra-heavy oil that undoubtedly are at a disadvantage with the proposed invention that is the ENZI ATTIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF FUNGUS ENTHOMOPATHOGENS RECOMMENDED TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES, we can mention some basic selection criteria for the development of this type of project (PDVSA-CIED, 1998): Table 1. Basic selection criteria for the development of improved recovery projects based on chemical methods.
Figure imgf000015_0001
Figure imgf000015_0001
En el mercado internacional los crudos ligeros son los más cotizados porque de éstos se obtienen productos de alto valor como son los combustibles (gasolina y diesel). Bajo este paradigma los crudos pesados y extra-pesados tienden a ser de menor precio. Por su viscosidad alta, contenidos elevados de azufre, metales y asfáltenos, y bajo rendimiento de destilados, los crudos pesados son difíciles de refinar. Este tipo de hidrocarburos es el de mayor abundancia en México. In the international market, light crudes are the most quoted because high-value products such as fuels (gasoline and diesel) are obtained from them. Under this paradigm, heavy and extra-heavy crudes tend to be of lower price. Because of its high viscosity, high sulfur, metal and asphalt contents, and low distillate performance, heavy crudes are difficult to refine. This type of hydrocarbons is the most abundant in Mexico.
Cabe mencionar que en éste ámbito, sólo investigadores del Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, encabezados por el doctor Jorge Ancheyta, desarrollaron una tecnología que permite "aligerar" los crudos pesados y extra-pesados, incrementando su gravedad API pero sólo de 9-12 grados; a diferencia del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados propuesto que tiene estándares más amplios y aplicaciones con alcances de rangos superiores. http://www.industriapetroleramexicana.com/tag/mexico/ It is worth mentioning that in this area, only researchers from the Mexican Petroleum Institute, headed by Dr. Jorge Ancheyta, developed a technology that allows "lightening" heavy and extra-heavy crudes, increasing their API severity but only 9-12 degrees; unlike the Enzyme Catalyst consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes that has broader standards and applications with higher range ranges. http://www.industriapetroleramexicana.com/tag/mexico/
Este proyecto de IMP desde 1999 fue pasando por las etapas de demostración de prueba de principio, investigación a escala de banco, planta piloto y finalmente pruebas de demostración a escala semi-industrial para validar los resultados obtenidos previamente. http://www.industriapetroleramexicana.com/taq/mexico/ This IMP project since 1999 was going through the stages of demonstration of proof of principle, research at the bank scale, pilot plant and finally demonstration tests at semi-industrial scale to validate the results previously obtained. http://www.industriapetroleramexicana.com/taq/mexico/
Esta tecnología del IMP -explicó el especialista, nivel 3 del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI)- es un proceso de hidrodesintegración catalítica a condiciones moderadas, que permite obtener un incremento significativo en el rendimiento de destilados y eliminar una proporción alta de las impurezas presentes en la carga (azufre, metales y asfáltenos), con costos de inversión moderados y una rentabilidad atractiva. http://www.industriapetroleramexicana.com/tag/mexico/ Las aplicaciones básicas de este proceso, que ya está patentado en México y otros países, se encuentran en la conversión de crudos pesados a crudos intermedios de mayor valor en el mercado, y en el procesamiento inicial de los crudos pesados de carga a una refinería. This IMP technology - explained the specialist, level 3 of the National System of Researchers (SNI) - is a process of catalytic hydrodeintegration at moderate conditions, which allows obtaining a significant increase in distillate yield and eliminating a high proportion of the impurities present in cargo (sulfur, metals and asphalt), with moderate investment costs and attractive profitability. http://www.industriapetroleramexicana.com/tag/mexico/ The basic applications of this process, which is already patented in Mexico and other countries, are found in the conversion of heavy crudes to intermediate crudes of greater value in the market, and in the initial processing of heavy cargo crude to a refinery.
En comparación con la tecnología de coquización retardada que actualmente está en el mercado, la ventaja principal de la tecnología IMP es el rendimiento de producto. A partir de 100 barriles de crudo de 13°API se obtienen 104 barriles de crudo mejorado; mientras que con coquización retardada a partir de 100 barriles de crudo de 13° API se obtienen 80 barriles de crudo mejorado. En comparación con las tecnologías convencionales anteriormente mencionadas el CATALIZADOR ENZIMÁTICO CONSTITUIDO DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATOGENOS RECO BINADOS PARA DISMINUIR LA VISCOCIDAD DE LOS CRUDOS PESADOS Y EXTRAPESADOS representa las ventajas principales com son: menores costos de inversión y menor consumo materia prima y de infraestructura para su aplicación, además de una operación mucho más segura y estable. Compared to the delayed coking technology that is currently on the market, the main advantage of IMP technology is product performance. From 100 barrels of 13 ° API crude oil, 104 barrels of improved crude oil are obtained; while with delayed coking from 100 barrels of 13 ° API crude oil, 80 barrels of improved crude oil are obtained. In comparison with the aforementioned conventional technologies, the ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECO BINATED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES represents the main advantages such as: lower investment costs and lower consumption of raw material and infrastructure for its application, In addition to a much safer and more stable operation.
Por otra parte, el CATALIZADOR ENZIMÁTICO CONSTITUIDO DEOn the other hand, the ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF
HONGOS ENTOMOPATOGENOS RECOMBINADOS PARA DISMINUIR LA VISCOCIDAD DE LOS CRUDOS PESADOS Y EXTRAPESADOS da como resultado un mejoramiento en la calidad de los crudos que se obtienen cuando éste es inyectado, la aplicación de esta tecnología es de importante valor nacional y mundial, ya que además del mayor rendimiento de destilados, los crudos mejorados presentan bajos contenidos de azufre, metales, asfáltenos y de precursores de la formación de carbón; baja corrosividad y baja tendencia a la formación de depósitos. Estas características facilitan el manejo, refinación y rendimiento de estos crudos y se reflejan en un mayor valor en el mercado; éstos aspectos son convenientes ya que estaríamos hablando de una tecnología hecha en México para el mundo. RECOMBINATED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPESSED CRUDES results in an improvement in the quality of the crude oil obtained when it is injected, the application of this technology is of important national and global value, since in addition to the greater distillate yield, the improved crudes have low sulfur, metal, asphalt and coal precursor contents; low corrosivity and low tendency to deposit formation. These characteristics facilitate the handling, refining and performance of these crude oils and are reflected in greater market value; These aspects are convenient since we would be talking about a technology made in Mexico for the world.
La siguiente tabla muestra la variación promedio de otras tecnologías en comparación con la aplicación del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados propuesto: The following table shows the average variation of other technologies compared to the application of Enzyme Catalyst consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes proposed:
Figure imgf000019_0001
Figure imgf000019_0001
Propiedades de crudos mejorados obtenidos a partir de crudos de 10 y 16°API durante la prueba en el laboratorio de fluidos del CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DE  Properties of improved crudes obtained from 10 and 16 ° API crudes during testing in the fluid laboratory of the UNIVERSITY CENTER OF
ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN DE PROYECTOS. La gravedad API es una medida de densidad que describe cuán pesado o ligero es el petróleo. Si los valores son altos, se trata de un petróleo ligero, y si son bajos, de un petróleo pesado. En conclusión la tecnología aquí propuesta, representa una invención que restauraría la situación económica y de rentabilidad del sector petrolero. STUDIES AND RESEARCH OF PROJECTS. API gravity is a density measure that describes how heavy or light oil is. If the values are high, it is a light oil, and if they are low, a heavy oil. In conclusion, the technology proposed here represents an invention that would restore the economic and profitability situation of the oil sector.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figura 1. -Muestra una vista microscópica de la Bacteria Legionaria cultivada en el Laboratorio del CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN DE PROYECTOS utilizada en esta innovación. Figure 1. - It shows a microscopic view of the Legionary Bacteria grown in the Laboratory of the UNIVERSITY CENTER OF STUDIES AND RESEARCH OF PROJECTS used in this innovation.
Figura 2.- Muestra una vista perspectiva del Agente Tensioactivo o Surfactante agregado a la composición en una proporción de 0-50%. Figure 2.- Shows a perspective view of the Surfactant or Surfactant added to the composition in a proportion of 0-50%.
Figura 3.- Muestra una vista perspectiva de la cepa de hongo denominada BeauveriaBassiana a la composición en una proporción de 0-20%. Figure 3.- Shows a perspective view of the fungus strain called BeauveriaBassiana to the composition in a proportion of 0-20%.
Figura 4.- Muestra una vista perspectiva de la cepa de hongo denominada Metarhizium Anisopliae en la -fase en la que se encuentra lista para su incorporación en la composición del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados, en una proporción de 0-20%. Figure 4.- It shows a perspective view of the fungus strain called Metarhizium Anisopliae in the phase in which it is ready for incorporation into the composition of the Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes , in a proportion of 0-20%.
Figura 5.- Muestra una vista perspectiva de la materia prima denominada celulasa unida a la composición en una proporción de 0-10%. Figure 5.- Shows a perspective view of the raw material called cellulase bound to the composition in a proportion of 0-10%.
Figura 6.- Muestra una vista perspectiva de las materias primas en su fase de combinación manual, ya incluye la celulasa. Figure 6.- Shows a perspective view of the raw materials in their manual combination phase, already includes cellulase.
Figura 7.- Muestra una vista perspectiva del vertimiento del agente tensioactivo o surfactante. Figure 7.- Shows a perspective view of the pouring of the surfactant or surfactant.
Figura 8.- Muestra una vista perspectiva del vertimiento de las cepas de hongos Beauveria Bassiana y Metarhizium Anisopliae. Figura 9.- Muestra una vista perspectiva del CATALIZADOR ENZIMÁTICO CONSTITUIDO DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATOGENOS RECOMBINADOS PARA DISMINUIR LA VISCOCIDAD DE LOS CRUDOS PESADOS Y EXTRAPESADOS a escala de producción en su fase Terminal. Figure 8.- Shows a perspective view of the shedding of fungal strains Beauveria Bassiana and Metarhizium Anisopliae. Figure 9.- Shows a perspective view of the ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECOMBINED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES at the production scale in its Terminal phase.
Figura 10.- Muestra una vista perspectiva del petróleo pesado antes de la aplicación del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados. Figure 10.- It shows a perspective view of heavy oil before the application of the Enzyme Catalyst consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes.
Figura 11.- Muestra una vista perspectiva del petróleo pesado después de la aplicación del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados. Figure 11.- It shows a perspective view of heavy oil after the application of the Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados, para su aplicación industrial (mediante una tubería flexible reforzada para fluidos), para su inyección intermitente en yacimientos con Petróleo Pesado o Extrapesado presenta una nueva estructura capaz de obtener su desbloqueo, bajar su viscosidad y aumentar los grados API, usando como método de empuje Nitrógeno a bajas presiones, haciendo que éste último pueda romper o emulsificar con el hidrocarburo. The Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi Recombined to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes, for its industrial application (by means of a flexible pipe reinforced for fluids), for its intermittent injection in deposits with Heavy or Extra Heavy Petroleum presents a new structure capable of obtain its release, lower its viscosity and increase the API grades, using Nitrogen at low pressures as a thrust method, causing the latter to break or emulsify with the hydrocarbon.
Sería por lo tanto deseable aplicar ésta invención en la extracción de reservas de hidrocarburos de crudos pesados y extrapesados que existen en México y a su vez ser pioneros en el mundo en una biotecnología que solucione un problema mundial y principalmente orientado hacia las reservas de Venezuela y México que son los dos países que serán líderes en éste tipo de producción de petróleo si de manera oportuna se establecen las condiciones óptimas para su conversión a petróleo ligero. It would therefore be desirable to apply this invention in the extraction of heavy and extra heavy crude oil reserves that exist in Mexico and in turn be pioneers in the world in a biotechnology that solves a global problem and mainly oriented towards the reserves of Venezuela and Mexico which are the two countries that will be leaders in this type of oil production if the optimal conditions for their conversion to light oil are established in a timely manner.
Se obtiene un compuesto cuyas propiedades aligeran el petróleo pesado y desbloquean las propiedades de dureza; es por esto factible su existencia así como por lo siguientes aspectos que se describen a continuación: a) Los costos se simplifican en comparación con otras opciones en un 90%, ya que el consumo del catalizador está en función el 1% del volumen de la zona de interés del intervalo productor. A compound is obtained whose properties lighten heavy oil and unlock hardness properties; This is why its existence is feasible as well as the following aspects that are described below: a) The costs are simplified compared to other options by 90%, since the catalyst consumption is a function of 1% of the volume of the area of interest of the producer interval.
b) El estudio de factibilidad para la aplicación de ésta tecnología requiere de conocer con exactitud: b) The feasibility study for the application of this technology requires knowing exactly:
1. - El diámetro de los agujeros de los disparos; 1. - The diameter of the holes of the shots;
2. - La profundidad,  2. - The depth,
3. - El nivel de porosidad efectiva mediante pruebas de laboratorio como las de mercurio, agua y luz ultravioleta;  3. - The level of effective porosity through laboratory tests such as mercury, water and ultraviolet light;
4. - Nivel de homogeneidad que presenta la mezcla. c) El tiempo esperado para el resultado final se obtiene en un 60% menos que otras aplicaciones. En otras aplicaciones se tiene que cerrar el pozo por un lapso de hasta 96 hrs. d) La infraestructura para su aplicación es una tubería flexible reforzada para fluidos, dicha maquinaria ya se tiene en todas las unidades de producción petrolera, es decir no se tiene que invertir en nuevas unidades, herramienta o maquinaria. 4. - Level of homogeneity presented by the mixture. c) The expected time for the final result is obtained by 60% less than other applications. In other applications, the well must be closed for a period of up to 96 hours. d) The infrastructure for its application is a flexible pipe reinforced for fluids, such machinery is already available in all oil production units, that is, it does not have to be invested in new units, tools or machinery.
e) No se modifican las características fisicoquímicas del hidrocarburo ya que se aplican enzimas celulosas. f) Se regenera un petróleo pesado o extrapesado, a uno más escurridizo para su eficaz y eficiente transito a través de las tuberías, hacia las estaciones de desalado y deshidratado. g) Aprovechamiento del petróleo pesado o extrapesado una vez tratado con el Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados, en el desarrollo de subproductos, h) Los métodos convencionales no son aplicables en hidrocarburos cuando vienen saturados de altas concentraciones de asfáltenos, naftas y demás productos pesados que imposibilitan su arrastre por los ductos de traslado, el Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados, si tiene ese alcance. i) Se garantiza la disminución de la viscosidad hasta en un 60%. j) La tecnología del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados es compatible con el medio ambiente, ya que es un producto natural microbiano sin agentes químicos. k) El Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados, no representa riesgos en la seguridad industrial; sin embargo al momento de aplicarlo se deben de considerar las medidas correctas de seguridad, ya que se liberan gases tóxicos; es por esto conveniente tener un diagnóstico de la infraestructura en particular de los empaques. e) The physicochemical characteristics of the hydrocarbon are not modified since cellulosic enzymes are applied. f) A heavy or extra heavy oil is regenerated, to a more elusive one for its efficient and efficient transit through the pipes, to the desalting and dehydrated stations. g) Use of heavy or extra-heavy oil once treated with the Enzyme Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi to reduce the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes, in the development of by-products, h) Conventional methods are not applicable to hydrocarbons when they are saturated of high concentrations of asphaltenes, naphtha and other heavy products that make it impossible to carry them through the transfer pipelines, the Enzymatic Catalyst consisting of Entomopathogenic Fungi Fungus to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes, if it has that scope. i) The viscosity decrease is guaranteed up to 60%. j) The Enzyme Catalyst technology consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes is compatible with the environment, since it is a natural microbial product without chemical agents. k) The Enzymatic Catalyst constituted of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes does not represent risks in industrial safety; however, when applying it, the correct safety measures must be considered, since toxic gases are released; It is therefore convenient to have a diagnosis of the particular infrastructure of the packaging.
I) El ingeniero petrolero o perfil trabajador que aplique, se adiestrará rápidamente, ya que con una capacitación de 120 hrs. la tecnología es amigable para su fácil implementación. I) The petroleum engineer or worker profile that applies will be trained quickly, since with a training of 120 hrs. The technology is friendly for easy implementation.
m) Esta composición es biodegradable, su aplicación reduce significantemente el consumo de energía y las emisiones de C02. n) La ventaja más importante es que es una innovación con tecnología 100% mexicana que integrará a todos los sectores para ganar-ganar; ya que donde se aplique generará empleos por sector, beneficios indirectos hacia las ciudades, lugares o comunidades donde se centre su aplicación. m) This composition is biodegradable, its application significantly reduces energy consumption and CO2 emissions. n) The most important advantage is that it is an innovation with 100% Mexican technology that will integrate all sectors to win-win; since where it is applied, it will generate jobs by sector, indirect benefits to the cities, places or communities where its application is centered.
El compuesto CATALIZADOR ENZIMÁTICO CONSTITUIDO DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATOGENOS RECOM BI ADOS PARA DISMINUIR LA VISCOCIDAD DE LOS CRUDOS PESADOS Y EXTRAPESADOS se constituye de la unión de combinar sus elementos para formar una composición Química, para su aplicación industrial (mediante una tubería flexible reforzada para fluidos), en yacimientos con Petróleo Pesado o Extrapesado para obtener su desbloqueo, bajar su viscosidad y aumentar los grados API, el cual esta compuesto por los siguientes elementos: The compound ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECOMMENDED ENTOMOPATHOGEN MUSHROOMS TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES is constituted by the union of combining its elements to form a chemical composition, for industrial application (through a flexible pipe reinforced for fluids), in deposits with Heavy or Extra Heavy Oil to obtain its unlocking, lower its viscosity and increase the API grades, which is composed of the following elements:
-BacteriaLegionaria -Legionary bacterium
En donde la enzima (bacteria legionaria) actuará como un biocatalizador, proteína que acelera el proceso de degradación, transformación o conversión del petróleo; dichas enzimas son producidas en cantidades industriales y se cultivan en tanques llamados fermentadores. La bacteria al someterla a altas concentraciones de Nitrógeno Amoniacal, cambia, muta y transforma su sistema de proteína, lo cual favorece a que alcance altos niveles de resistencia y por lo tanto altos poderes de absorción y a su vez se modifica genéticamente al mutar el tipo de proteína con lo cual sobrevive al medio ambiente natural. Where the enzyme (legionary bacteria) will act as a biocatalyst, a protein that accelerates the process of degradation, transformation or conversion of oil; These enzymes are produced in industrial quantities and are grown in tanks called fermenters. The bacterium when subjected to high concentrations of Ammoniacal Nitrogen, changes, mutates and transforms its protein system, which favors that it reaches high levels of resistance and therefore high absorption powers and in turn is genetically modified by mutating the type of protein which survives the natural environment.
-Agente Tensioactivo o Surfactantes Se contempla surfactantes para la recuperación terciaria de petróleo y/o reducir la viscosidad de crudos pesados en tuberías o bombas caracterizado porque comprende piliisobutileno de 6 a 9 átomos de carbono mezclado con 1 a 50 % en peso de por lo menos un miembro del grupo formado por alcoholes etoxilados, nonilfenoles y/o polietilenglicoles, dichos Surfactantes o biotensoactivos tienen como principales funciones a nivel fisiológico, la capacidad para emulsificar y solubilizar compuestos insolubles en fases acuosas, como son los hidrocarburos, facilitando la disponibilidad de estos sustratos para el crecimiento y mantenimiento de los microorganismos. Por lo tanto los surfactantes o biotensoactivos facilitarán el transporte del hidrocarburo a nivel de membrana, función atribuida a los biotensoactivos del tipo glicolipídico ligados a membrana celular. La principal función biológica de los biotensoactivos es su capacidad para solubilizar sustratos hidrofóbicos tales como hidrocarburos, lípidos, aceites, fármacos y otros (Morikawaef al. 1993, Zengef al. 2005). -Beau vería Bassiana Surfactant or Surfactant Agent Surfactants are contemplated for tertiary oil recovery and / or reduce the viscosity of heavy crude in pipes or pumps characterized in that it comprises piliisobutylene of 6 to 9 carbon atoms mixed with 1 to 50% by weight of at least a member of the group formed by ethoxylated alcohols, nonylphenols and / or polyethylene glycols, said Surfactants or biotensoactives have as main physiological functions the ability to emulsify and solubilize insoluble compounds in aqueous phases, such as hydrocarbons, facilitating the availability of these substrates for the growth and maintenance of microorganisms. Therefore, surfactants or biotensoactives will facilitate the transport of the hydrocarbon at the membrane level, a function attributed to the glycolipid-type biotensoactives bound to the cell membrane. The main biological function of biotensoactives is their ability to solubilize hydrophobic substrates such as hydrocarbons, lipids, oils, drugs and others (Morikawaef al. 1993, Zengef al. 2005). -Beau would see Bassiana
Esta composición contempla el uso de elementos activos como la Bauveria Bassiana que es un hongo de uteromiceto que crece de forma natural en los suelos de todo el mundo. Su poder entomopatógeno le hace capaz de parasitar a insectos de diferentes especies, causando la conocida enfermedad blanca de la muscardina. Pertenece a los hongos entomopatógenos y actualmente es utilizado como insecticida biológico o biopesticida controlando un gran número de parásitos de las plantas como son las orugas, las termitas, las moscas blancas, los áfidos, los escarabajos o los tisanópteros. Su función empieza cuando sus esporas microscópicas de éste hongo se adhieren a las microparticulas del petróleo pesado y generan hidratación. En medios de cultivo específicos, la ventaja para desdoblar el petróleo es que el hongo Beauveríabassiana crece formando un moho blanquecino. -MetarhiziumAnisopliae El MetarrizumAnisoplae hongo entomopatógeno Metarhiziumanisopliaevar. an/sop//ae(Metsch.) Sorokin funciona en ésta composición objeto de invención como biorregulador natural, sus cualidades como la termo tolerancia está estrechamente relacionada con la presencia de proteínas hidrofóbicas de la pared celular de los conidios, que protegen al hongo del estrés térmico y contribuyen a su adhesión a las cutículas de partículas con dureza extrema. (Ying y Feng, 2004). This composition contemplates the use of active elements such as Bauveria Bassiana, which is a fungus of uteromycete that grows naturally in soils throughout the world. Its entomopathogenic power makes it capable of parasitizing insects of different species, causing the well-known white muscardine disease. It belongs to entomopathogenic fungi and is currently used as a biological insecticide or biopesticide controlling a large number of plant parasites such as caterpillars, termites, whiteflies, aphids, beetles or thysanoptera. Its function begins when its microscopic spores of this fungus adhere to the microparticles of heavy oil and generate hydration. In specific culture media, the advantage to unfold the oil is that the Beauveríabassiana fungus grows forming a whitish mold. -MetarhiziumAnisopliae The MetarrizumAnisoplae entomopathogenic fungus Metarhiziumanisopliaevar. an / sop // ae (Metsch.) Sorokin works in this composition object of the invention as a natural bioregulator, its qualities as thermal tolerance is closely related to the presence of hydrophobic proteins from the conidial cell wall, which protect the fungus from thermal stress and contribute to its adhesion to particle cuticles with extreme hardness. (Ying and Feng, 2004).
-Celulasa -Cellulase
La celulasa es un polisacárido compuesto exclusivamente de moléculas de β-glucosa (desde cientos hasta varios miles de unidades), es pues un homopolisacárido. Es rígido y no es soluble en agua. La celulosa es la biomolécula orgánica más abundante ya que forma la mayor parte de la biomasa terrestre, es por esto que se complementa en el compuesto del Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados por su abundante y sencilla obtención. Cabe mencionar que la celulosa tiene una estructura lineal o fibrosa, en la que se establecen múltiples puentes de hidrógeno entre los grupos hidroxilo de distintas cadenas yuxtapuestas de glucosa, haciéndolas impenetrables al agua, lo que hace que sea insoluble en agua, y originando fibras compactas que constituyen la Pared celular de las células vegetales, éstas características permiten que al momento de inyectar el compuesto CATALIZADOR ENZIMÁTICO CONSTITUIDO DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATOGENOS RECOMBINADOS PARA DISMINUIR LA VISCOCIDAD DE LOS CRUDOS PESADOS Y EXTRAPESADOS Cellulase is a polysaccharide composed exclusively of β-glucose molecules (from hundreds to several thousand units), it is thus a homopolysaccharide. It is rigid and not soluble in water. Cellulose is the most abundant organic biomolecule since it forms the majority of terrestrial biomass, which is why it is complemented by the Enzyme Catalyst compound made up of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes for its abundant and simple obtaining. It should be mentioned that cellulose has a linear or fibrous structure, in which multiple hydrogen bridges are established between the hydroxyl groups of different juxtaposed glucose chains, making them impenetrable to water, which makes it insoluble in water, and causing compact fibers constituting the cell wall of plant cells, these characteristics allow that at the time of injecting the compound ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECOMBINED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRAPED CRUDES
la función de la celulasa contribuya al alineado de las cadenas de hidrocarburos componentes del aceite crudo, y como consecuencia elevando el valor de los grados API, de igual manera modificando su viscosidad. The cellulase function contributes to the alignment of the hydrocarbon chains components of the crude oil, and consequently raising the value of API grades, similarly modifying its viscosity.
-Proceso en el que se RECOMBINAN los elementos descritos anteriormente: -Process in which the elements described above are RECOMBINED:
Dicha composición del CATALIZADOR ENZIMÁTICO CONSTITUIDO DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATOGENOS RECOMBINADOS PARA DISMINUIR LA VISCOCIDAD DE LOS CRUDOS PESADOS Y EXTRAPESADOS se inicia como base de disolución, el Agente Tensioactivo mencionado en una proporción de 1 a 50%, con respecto al volumen total de la mezcla. Said composition of the ENZYMATIC CATALYST CONSTITUTED OF RECOMBINED ENTHOMOPATHOGEN FUNGI TO DECREASE THE VISCOCITY OF HEAVY AND EXTRACTED CRUDES begins as the dissolution base, the Surfactant mentioned in a proportion of 1 to 50%, with respect to the total volume of the mixture.
En éste agente se agrega a temperatura ambiente la enzima de bacteria legionaria para lo cual se recomiendan velocidades de agitación de 100 revoluciones por minuto, en las mismas condiciones en que se presenta esta mezcla sólo diminuyendo la velocidad de agitación a 75 revoluciones por minuto se agrega el hongo Metarhizium Anisopliae en una proporción de 1 a 20% con respecto al volumen total de la mezcla. Una vez lograda la mezcla, con un tiempo aproximado de agitación de 3 minutos se prosigue agitando a la misma a 75 revoluciones por minuto por espacio de 10 minutos. In this agent the legionary bacterium enzyme is added at room temperature for which stirring speeds of 100 revolutions per minute are recommended, under the same conditions in which this mixture occurs only by decreasing the stirring speed to 75 revolutions per minute is added the fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae in a proportion of 1 to 20% with respect to the total volume of the mixture. Once the mixture is achieved, with an approximate stirring time of 3 minutes, stirring is continued at 75 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes.
De forma simultanea pero independiente de la mezcla base se prepara la mezcla viva la cual se compone de celulasa a una temperatura de 60° centígrados adicionando a esta de un 1 a 10% del hongo Beauveria Bassiana agitando a una velocidad preferentemente de 200 revoluciones por minuto en un tiempo promedio de 10 minutos. Simultaneously but independently of the base mixture, the live mixture is prepared which is composed of cellulase at a temperature of 60 ° Celsius by adding 1 to 10% of the Beauveria Bassiana mushroom by stirring at a speed preferably of 200 revolutions per minute in an average time of 10 minutes.
Una vez enfriada la mezcla viva por un tiempo aproximado de 30 minutos se procede a combinar ambas mezclas, considerando que a la mezcla obtenida de la celulasa con Beauveria Bassiana se le agregará en forma lenta la mezcla base compuesta por el agente tensioactivo con bacteria legionaria y Metarhizium Anisopliae, manteniendo una velocidad de agitación preferentemente de 150 revoluciones por minuto por 10 minutos, posteriormente una vez transcurrido este tiempo, se aumenta la temperatura gradualmente a 50° centígrados, llegado éste punto se continuara agitando a la misma velocidad por 25 minutos, para obtener la mezcla final. Once the live mixture has cooled for approximately 30 minutes, both mixtures are combined, considering that the base mixture composed of the surfactant with legionary bacteria will be added slowly to the mixture obtained from cellulase with Beauveria Bassiana. Metarhizium Anisopliae, maintaining a stirring speed preferably of 150 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes, then once this time has elapsed, the temperature is gradually increased to 50 ° Celsius, at which point it will continue stirring at the same speed for 25 minutes, to Get the final mix.
Cabe mencionar que las cantidades mencionadas se toman como base de cálculo para la preparación o elaboración de de 2.5 litros, tomado como volumen total, por lo tanto algunas cantidades o tiempo de mezcla podrán variar de forma proporcional a la cantidad total a elaborar. It is worth mentioning that the mentioned quantities are taken as the calculation basis for the preparation or preparation of 2.5 liters, taken as a total volume, therefore some quantities or mixing time may vary proportionally to the total quantity to be prepared.
Dicha composición es aplicada mediante la inyección directa e intermitente con un sistema disparador de nitrógeno en rangos de 25" al 1% de la zona de interés del intervalo de producción, cuyo propósito es el de reducir las tensiones de las interfases presentes entre el petróleo, la superficie sólida del material rocoso y la fase acuosa al interior de los poros. Al disminuir estas fuerzas, se mejora la fluidez de los hidrocarburos a través de los poros de la roca, promoviendo así la recuperación de crudo residual, lo cual es un método de trabajo ya existente con un equipo de nombre tubería flexible. Said composition is applied by direct and intermittent injection with a nitrogen trigger system in ranges of 25 "to 1% of the area of interest of the production interval, whose purpose is to reduce the tensions of the interfaces present between the oil, the solid surface of the rocky material and the aqueous phase inside the pores. By decreasing these forces, the fluidity of hydrocarbons through the pores of the rock is improved, thus promoting the recovery of residual oil, which is an existing working method with a team called flexible pipe.
La bacteria legionaria, el hongo Metarhizium Anisopliae y Beauveria Bassiana CONFORMAN LOS HONGO ENTOMOPATÓGENOS obtenidos por métodos microbiológicos a nivel universitario, todos ellos son parte del producto de la descomposición llamada fermentación utilizando como precursores diferentes tipos de azúcares y arroz como base de cálculo 250 gramos por lote, conservándose a temperatura ambiente en frascos reactivos de 500 mlts. Dentro de la composición se requieren nutrientes para los hongos y bacterias como la celulasa, por lo cual se manifiesta una mezcla denominada mezcla viva. La celulasa es de origen vegetal y las conservamos en el laboratorio en condiciones de temperatura ambiente. The legionary bacterium, the fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae and Beauveria Bassiana CONFORM THE ENTHOMOPATHOGEN MUSHROOMS obtained by microbiological methods at the university level, all of them are part of the decomposition product called fermentation using as precursors different types of sugars and rice as a basis of calculation 250 grams per batch, stored at room temperature in 500 ml reactive bottles. Within the composition, nutrients are required for fungi and bacteria such as cellulase, whereby a mixture called live mixture is manifested. Cellulase is of plant origin and we keep it in the laboratory under ambient temperature conditions.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES Habiendo descrito suficiente mi invención, considero como una novedad y por lo tanto reclamo como de mi exclusiva propiedad, lo contenido en las siguientes cláusulas: CLAIMS Having described my invention sufficiently, I consider as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, the content of the following clauses:
1. Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y1. Enzymatic Catalyst consisting of Recombinant Entomopathogenic Fungi to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy Crudes and
Extrapesados aplicable a Petróleo Pesado o Extrapesado para aumentar los grados API caracterizado porque se obtiene utilizando el siguiente proceso: Extra heavy applicable to Heavy or Extra Heavy Oil to increase API grades characterized in that it is obtained using the following process:
Base de disolución, compuesta por un Agente Tensoactivo en una proporción entre 1 a 50%, con respecto al volumen total de la mezcla, b. En seguida se agrega a temperatura ambiente la enzima de bacteria legionaria a una velocidades de agitación preferentemente de 100 revoluciones por minuto, c. De igual forma a temperatura ambiente, sólo diminuyendo la velocidad de agitación preferentemente a 75 revoluciones por minuto se agrega el hongo Metarhizium Anisopliae en una proporción de 1 a 20% con respecto al volumen total de la mezcla, d. Una vez lograda la mezcla, con un tiempo aproximado de agitación de 3 minutos se prosigue agitando la mezcla base preferentemente a 75 revoluciones por minuto por espacio de 10 minutos, e. Preparación de la mezcla viva la cual se compone de celulasa a una temperatura de 60° centígrados adicionando a esta de un 1 a 10% del hongo Beauveria Bassiana agitando a una velocidad preferentemente de 200 revoluciones por minuto en un tiempo promedio de 10 minutos, f. Una vez enfriada la mezcla viva por un tiempo aproximado de 30 minutos se procede a combinar ambas mezclas, considerando que a la mezcla viva se le agregará en forma lenta la mezcla base, manteniendo una velocidad de agitación preferentemente de 150 revoluciones por minuto por 10 minutos, g. Aumento de la temperatura gradualmente a 50° centígrados, llegado éste punto se continuara agitando la mezcla a la misma velocidad por 25 minutos, para obtener la mezcla final, Dissolution base, composed of a Tensoactive Agent in a proportion between 1 to 50%, with respect to the total volume of the mixture, b. Next, the legionary bacterium enzyme is added at room temperature at stirring rates preferably of 100 revolutions per minute, C. Likewise at room temperature, only by decreasing the stirring speed preferably at 75 revolutions per minute is the Metarhizium Anisopliae fungus added in a proportion of 1 to 20% with respect to the total volume of the mixture, d. Once the mixture is achieved, with an approximate stirring time of 3 minutes, stirring the base mixture is preferably continued at 75 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes, e. Preparation of the live mixture which is composed of cellulase at a temperature of 60 ° C by adding 1 to 10% of the Beauveria Bassiana mushroom by stirring at a speed preferably of 200 revolutions per minute in an average time of 10 minutes, f . Once the live mixture has cooled for approximately 30 minutes, both mixtures are combined, considering that the base mixture will be added slowly to the living mixture, maintaining a stirring speed preferably of 150 revolutions per minute for 10 minutes , g. Increase the temperature gradually to 50 ° Celsius, at this point the mixture will continue to be stirred at the same speed for 25 minutes, to obtain the final mixture,
2. Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapésados aplicable a Petróleo Pesado o Extrapesado para aumentar los grados API de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque al aplicarlo a petróleo pesado o extrapesado este presenta una nueva estructura capaz de obtener su desbloqueo, bajar su viscosidad y aumentar los grados API, usando como método de empuje Nitrógeno a bajas presiones, haciendo que éste último pueda romper o emulsificar con el hidrocarburo. 2. Enzymatic Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi to reduce the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes applicable to Heavy or Extra Heavy Oil to increase API grades according to claim 1 characterized in that when applied to heavy or extra heavy oil it presents a new structure capable of obtaining its unlocking, lowering its viscosity and increasing the API grades, using Nitrogen at low pressures as a thrust method, causing the latter to break or emulsify with the hydrocarbon.
3. Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapésados aplicable a Petróleo Pesado o Extrapesado para aumentar los grados API de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque no se modifican las características fisicoquímicas del hidrocarburo ya que se aplican enzimas celulosas, por lo tanto se regenera un petróleo pesado o extrapesado por uno mas escurridizo para su transportación eficaz por medio de tuberías. 3. Enzymatic Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi to reduce the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes applicable to Heavy or Extra Heavy Petroleum to increase API grades according to claim 1 characterized in that the physicochemical characteristics of the hydrocarbon are not modified since they are applied cellulosic enzymes, therefore a heavy or extra heavy oil is regenerated by a more elusive one for its efficient transportation through pipes.
4. Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados aplicable a Petróleo Pesado o Extrapesado para aumentar los grados API de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque garantiza la disminución de la viscosidad hasta en un 60%. 4. Enzymatic Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi Rebuilt to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes applicable to Heavy or Extra Heavy Oil to increase API grades according to claim 1 characterized in that it guarantees the viscosity decrease up to 60%.
5. Catalizador Enzimático constituido de Hongos Entomopatogenos Recombinados para Disminuir la Viscocidad de los Crudos Pesados y Extrapesados aplicable a Petróleo Pesado o Extrapesado para aumentar los grados API de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la aplicación de dicho catalizador se realiza mediante la inyección directa e intermitente en el poso, con un sistema disparador de nitrógeno en rangos preferentemente de 25" al 1% de la zona de interés del intervalo de producción, cuyo propósito es el de reducir las tensiones de las interfases presentes entre el petróleo, la superficie sólida del material rocoso y la fase acuosa al interior de los poros. 5. Enzymatic Catalyst constituted of Entomopathogenic Fungi Rebuilt to Decrease the Viscocity of Heavy and Extra Heavy Crudes applicable to Heavy or Extra Heavy Oil to increase API grades according to claim 1 characterized in that the application of said catalyst is carried out by direct injection and intermittent in the grounds, with a nitrogen trigger system in ranges preferably from 25 "to 1% of the area of interest of the production interval, whose purpose is to reduce the tensions of the interfaces present between the oil, the solid surface of the Rocky material and the aqueous phase inside the pores.
PCT/MX2014/000049 2013-11-29 2014-02-28 Enzymatic catalyst comprising recombinant entomopathogenic fungi for reducing the viscosity of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils on a global level WO2015080543A1 (en)

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