WO2015077376A1 - Surfaces de sport sableuses modifiées améliorées - Google Patents

Surfaces de sport sableuses modifiées améliorées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015077376A1
WO2015077376A1 PCT/US2014/066468 US2014066468W WO2015077376A1 WO 2015077376 A1 WO2015077376 A1 WO 2015077376A1 US 2014066468 W US2014066468 W US 2014066468W WO 2015077376 A1 WO2015077376 A1 WO 2015077376A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sand
surfacing composition
coupling agent
surfacing
composition according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/066468
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nicholas Attwood
Steve I. LAW
Original Assignee
Equestrian Surfaces, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Equestrian Surfaces, Inc. filed Critical Equestrian Surfaces, Inc.
Publication of WO2015077376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015077376A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63K—RACING; RIDING SPORTS; EQUIPMENT OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • A63K1/00—Race-courses; Race-tracks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
    • A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices ; Toys specially adapted for animals
    • A01K15/027—Exercising equipment, e.g. tread mills, carousels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/32—Radiation-absorbing paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0058—Biocides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/205—Compounds containing groups, e.g. carbamates

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the formulation, manufacture and use of a sports and recreation surface designed to be laid over a more substantive underlayer, to provide a relatively loose but cohesive, cushioned surface, particularly suitable for equestrian use.
  • the disclosure relates to the formulation, manufacture and use of improved surfacing materials that provide increased wear life. It is anticipated that these materials when used as equestrian surfacing materials will be particularly useful as a ground cover/flooring for a wide range of equestrian activities and sports, particularly as applied to horse training and race tracks, riding arenas, round pens and walkers. It is further anticipated that these equestrian surfacing materials would be suitable for use during training, thoroughbred racing, show jumping, dressage, English pleasure riding and western pleasure riding. Furthermore, the current invention provides for an improved formulation with improved properties over prior art formulations, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat.
  • First generation or conventional footing materials included, for example, sand, soil, stone dust, wood particles, rubber particles, stall waste and combinations thereof. These products are deficient in at least one, often many performance parameters. For instance, certain of these conventional footing materials have to be kept wet to maintain sufficient particle-to-particle adhesion and avoid being blown away or generating dust in the atmosphere above the riding surface when ridden upon. Where watering is not an option, the materials can be coated in a low volatility oil-based product which helps to bind particles together and prevent dust generation, but provides for little cohesion and cushioning. The oil coatings, however, tend to have a limited life span and tend to either evaporate or be worn off the riding surface such that the advantageous properties are degraded or lost over a short period of time.
  • Second generation products were developed to address some of the deficiencies of the first generation products, but still do not satisfy all of the necessary attributes.
  • a surface material is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,961,389, the contents of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference.
  • Such second generation surfaces generally comprise sand or other particulate material, combined with a waxy substance that is said to somewhat bind the particles together so that dust generation is suppressed.
  • the wax also tends to give the whole surface a texture that resembles a watered conventional footing such that regular watering may be reduced or eliminated.
  • waxes tend to exhibit poor temperature stability, their viscosity rapidly changing with temperature such that at high ambient temperatures the material becomes sticky and the 'going' is made drastically softer. Conversely at low ambient temperatures the wax viscosity increases markedly, and the 'going' becomes much harder. Furthermore, the properties of such surfaces can deteriorate over time depending on ambient conditions and the level of after-care applied. It has also been determined that in some instances, portions of the wax coating become detached from the underlying particulate carrier, such that the particulate carrier becomes uncoated and the footing material loses cohesion, and can create dust due to airborne particles.
  • the present invention is concerned with improving the usable life of such coated surfacing materials, by providing coatings that adhere to the particulate material for significantly longer periods of time, even in extremes of weather.
  • the invention encompasses surfacing compositions comprising from 80 to 98 wt sand; from 1 to 10 wt of an organic coating selected from a group consisting of coating polymers, coating waxes and mixtures, blends and combinations thereof; from 0.1 to 5 wt of fibers, preferably having a staple length of 3.2 to 25.4 mm and an average fiber diameter of 0.5 to 12 Denier; and at least 0.002 wt of a coupling agent and methods of making such compositions from both new and used materials.
  • the coupling agent can be selected from monomelic silanes, polymeric silanes, and mixtures and combinations thereof. Alkylalkoxysilanes, particularly those including one or more trimethoxysilane or
  • the sand used in such surfacing compositions preferably includes a major portion of the sand grains that are classified as angular or sub-angular.
  • a wide range of fibers may be utilized including, for example, rayons, nylons, polyesters, acrylics, polypropylenes, polyethylenes and
  • the organic coating can include one or more
  • components selected from a group including waxes, poly- a-olef ins, ethylene vinyl acetates (EVA), polyamides, polybutylenes (PB), polystyrenes (PS), polyvinylchlorides (PVC), polyvinylidenechlorides, acrylonitrile butadiene styrenes (ABS), acrylics, polyisobutylenes, natural rubber, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetates
  • PB polybutylenes
  • PS polystyrenes
  • PVC polyvinylchlorides
  • ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrenes
  • acrylics polyisobutylenes, natural rubber, polyethylenes, polypropylenes, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
  • the polymer or polymer blend exhibit both a softening point of 80 to 165° C, as measured according to ASTM D36-06 or DIN EN 1427, and a melt viscosity at 190° C. of 2 to 120 Pa-s, as measured according to ASTM D3236-88 or DIN 53 019.
  • the oil or blend exhibit a viscosity at 40° C. of 20 to 100 centistokes as measured according to ASTM D445 and that wherein the oil or blend is suitable for forming a dispersion, e.g. , suspension, emulsion or solution, with the coupling agent.
  • the oil(s) may be selected from a group including mineral oils, paraffinic oils, aromatic oils, naphthenic oils, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
  • the invention encompasses methods of manufacturing such surfacing compositions, a method according to a first embodiment including the steps of heating a charge of dry, cleaned sand to a temperature above a softening point temperature of the organic coating that is to be applied; distributing the organic coating and the coupling agent throughout the heated sand and onto the surfaces of the sand grains while maintaining the sand at a temperature above the softening point temperature of the organic coating to form a coated mixture; and distributing the fibers throughout the coated mixture to form the surfacing composition.
  • the fibers can be distributed in the heated sand before application of the organic coating or distributed simultaneously with the organic coating.
  • a method of manufacturing the surfacing composition according to a second embodiment includes the steps of heating a charge of dry, cleaned sand to a temperature above a softening point temperature of the organic coating; distributing the coupling agent throughout the heated sand to obtain pretreated sand; distributing the organic coating throughout pretreated sand while maintaining the pretreated sand at a temperature above the softening point temperature of the organic coating to form a coated mixture; and distributing the fibers throughout the coated mixture to form the surfacing composition.
  • the fibers can be distributed in the heated sand before application of the organic coating or distributed simultaneously with the organic coating.
  • a method of manufacturing the surfacing composition according to a third embodiment, specifically rejuvenating a worn out or otherwise degrades surfacing material includes the steps of identifying a quantity, volume or charge of the degraded surfacing composition, typically a composition that originally comprised from 80 to 98 wt sand, from 1 to 10 wt of an organic coating and from 0.1 to 5 wt of fibers; and distributing the coupling agent throughout the degraded surfacing composition to rejuvenate the degraded surfacing composition.
  • the coupling agent may be combined with an oil, a coating polymer or a blend thereof to form a dispersion that is, in turn, distributed throughout the degraded surfacing compound, thereby improving the adhesion between the organic coating and the sand particles and improving the desired surfacing material properties.
  • the coupling agent may be combined with the oil, coating polymer or blend thereof in various ratios including, for example, from 1 :1 to 1:50, from 1 :1 to 1 :10 or from 1 :1 to 1:5 depending on the particular components selected and the degree of degradation of the used surfacing material.
  • an oil it may be selected from a group consisting of mineral oils, paraffinic oils, aromatic oils, naphthenic oils, and mixtures and combinations thereof.
  • a coating polymer low viscosity polymers would be preferred, particularly when working under ambient temperature conditions including, for example, polyisobutylene (PIB).
  • the rejuvenating process may include a step of heating the degraded surfacing material to aid in the distribution of the coupling agent and, at temperatures above a softening point temperature of the organic coating to aid in the redistribution and attachment of the organic coating to the sand grains.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 1 before and after the wet wear test procedure
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 2 before and after the wet wear test procedure
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 3 before and after the wet wear test procedure
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 4 before and after the wet wear test procedure
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 5 before and after the wet wear test procedure
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 6 before and after the wet wear test procedure
  • FIG. 13 and 14 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 7 before and after the wet wear test procedure;
  • FIG. 15 illustrates the condition of "spent" surfacing material from which samples 8 and 9 were drawn;
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 8 before and after the wet wear test procedure
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 illustrate the condition of the surfacing material of Sample 9 before and after the wet wear test procedure
  • FIGS. 20-24 illustrate the condition of various embodiments of a degraded surfacing material that has been rejuvenated according to the methods of the invention and then subjected to the wet wear test procedure;
  • the wear life of coated artificial sports surfaces can be significantly improved by incorporating into the coating, more specifically at the interface between coating and particulate base material, a compound comprising a silane moiety.
  • a compound comprising a silane moiety Such compounds are capable of transforming to a silanol which, in turn, can react with hydroxyl groups on a substrate surface, such as a silica sand surface, to provide improved coupling or adhesion of the coating compound to the substrate surface.
  • a substrate surface such as a silica sand surface
  • Similar coupling can, for example, take place between the coating and other additives such as rubber particles, fibers, etc.
  • the coupling compound can be applied to the substrate before the coating operation.
  • the coupling compound can also be formulated with the coating so that it is applied at the time of application of coating to the substrate. Even though the coupling compound is not applied directly to the substrate surface, it nevertheless performs the function of coupling the coating to the substrate surface. Even more surprising, it is possible to apply the coupling compound to a tired, or spent surface, either singly or as part of a rejuvenating compound during a rejuvenation process to improve the durability of the coating of the rejuvenated material.
  • the coupling compound can be monomeric or polymeric.
  • suitable monomeric coupling compounds include, without limitation, octyltrimethoxysilane (such as Momentive's SILQUEST A- 137) and vinylpropyltriethoxysilane (such as Evonik's DYNASYLAN 6598).
  • An example of a suitable polymeric coupling compound is silane- modified polyalphaolefin such as those supplied commercially by Evonik as
  • VESTOPLAST 206 Alternative silane modified polymers include the TEROSTAT range supplied by Henkel.
  • the use of such compounds results in significantly improved wear resistance in coated sports surfaces, particularly equestrian riding surfaces.
  • the coating on typical equestrian riding surfaces is based on hydrophobic compounds such as an oil or wax, for example as described in WO 99/19567, the contents of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference, or a hydrophobic polymer such as a polyolefin as described, for example, in the '306 patent.
  • One part of the coupling compound therefore needs to be either chemically compatible with this type of coating, or capable of undergoing reaction with this type of coating.
  • the product VESTOPLAST 206 has as one part of its structure a polyalphaolefin (poly-a-olefin) which is entirely compatible with typical hydrophobic polymeric and/or wax -based equestrian surface coatings.
  • poly-a-olefin poly-a-olefin
  • the resistance of the coating to detachment from the substrate is significantly improved. This results in improved wear resistance, particularly in wet or moist conditions.
  • Wear resistance of artificial equestrian riding surfaces can be measured by subjecting the material to repeated abrasion in wet conditions. This simulates actual use conditions where the surface, often wet through rain or dew formation is ridden upon by horses, which creates abrasive conditions on the surface.
  • the surface is regularly harrowed by either a 'static' harrow where special tines are simply pulled through the surface or a power harrow which incorporates rotating tines or blades for agitating the surface material. Repeated application of the harrowing operations can contribute to the breakdown of a coating.
  • the long term break-down of a riding surface can be simulated by imposing greater loading rates and/or more sustained abrasion to the material to produce accelerated wear.
  • Such a test has been developed based on continuous tumbling for evaluating the wear resistance performance of a prospective or existing riding surface material.
  • the test involves placing a sample of footing material contained within a glass jar is tumbled continuously in the presence of water by rotating the jar on a roller mixer. Samples (typically about 25 g weight) are placed into suitable receptacles including, for example, glass jars (6 cm diameter x 8 cm height), along with four 15 mm diameter glass balls and a volume of water having a mass equal to that of the footing material under test.
  • the jars are then sealed and placed onto a bottle roller, and rotated at 1 revolution per second for a total of 10,800 revolutions over a three-hour testing period. Whilst this testing period has not been theoretically related to any particular period of real- world use of such surfacing materials, the empirical evidence reveals that the degradation reflected in the samples of the conventional polymer- and wax-coated surface materials correlated well with the degradation seen in samples pulled from spent track surfaces. After the target number of revolutions has been achieved, the material is then removed and dried in a circulating oven at 40° C. The resulting material is then visually inspected, and observations noted.
  • APAO amorphous polyalphaolefin
  • a petroleum hydrocarbon wax product designed as an equestrian riding surface coating material was coated onto dry sand and polypropylene fibers by mixing at above ambient temperature, according to prior art taught in, for example, WO 2008/024523, the contents of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, by reference, in the following proportions: 4% hydrocarbon wax, 1.5% polyester staple fibers, 94.5% sand. The material was then allowed to cool before measurement. The material was a reasonably cohesive, reasonably soft material.
  • a hydrocarbon oil product designed to be used as a dust suppressant on equestrian riding surfaces was coated onto sand and fibers by mixing the components at ambient temperature, in the following proportions: 2% hydrocarbon oil, 1.5% polyester fibers, the balance dry sand. The material was then allowed to cool before measurement. The material was a reasonably cohesive, reasonably soft material.
  • Present Invention Example 1 Preparation of material of the present invention - Sample 4
  • amorphous polyalphaolefin polymer used in Comparative Example 1 was melted and mixed with a mineral oil, VESTOPLAST 206 (a silane-modified polyalphaolefin), and polypropylene fibers in the following proportions: 1.8% APAO, 1.8% mineral oil, 0.04% VESTOPLAST 206, 1.5% polypropylene staple fibers, and the balance dry sand. The material was then allowed to cool before measurement. The material was a reasonably cohesive, reasonably soft material.
  • a monomeric silane specifically an octyltrimethoxysilane, manufactured and sold by Momentive as SILQUEST A- 137, was mixed with APAO and mineral oil and coated onto sand and fibers in the following proportions: 1.8% APAO, 1.8% mineral oil, 1.5% polypropylene staple fibers, 0.04% SILQUEST A- 137, the balance being sand. The material was then allowed to cool before measurement. The material was a reasonably cohesive, reasonably soft material.
  • a sample of worn out equestrian riding surface based on a sand/ AP AO/oil binder/fiber system from a riding arena in Virginia, U.S.A. (FIG. 15), that exhibits separation of sand from fibres, and poor cohesion and cushioning, was treated in the following way to rejuvenate it: to one sample was added 0.5% by weight mineral oil, and the material worked by stirring with a spatula for 2 minutes. The material transformed from a poorly mixed, low cohesion, dusty mixture, to a well mixed, cohesive continuous structure. (Sample 8). To a second sample was added 0.5% by weight mineral oil containing 0.04% by weight SILQUEST A- 137 silane coupling agent. The material was worked by stirring with a spatula for 2 minutes. The material transformed from a poorly mixed, low cohesion, dusty mixture, to a well mixed, cohesive continuous structure. (Sample 9).
  • Samples of material from each of the examples were placed respectively in a glass jar, along with an equal weight of distilled water, and four 15 mm diameter glass beads.
  • the jars were sealed and placed on a bottle roller rotating at 1 revolution per minute for a total of 10,800 revolutions.
  • the materials were then removed and dried in a circulating oven at 40°C. to remove the moisture.
  • the samples were then visually inspected and photographed, with the following observations noted, and the separated sand weighed and calculated as a percentage of the total footing weight. In the case of
  • Samples 11, 12, 13 Three samples were produced in a similar way to Sample 7, but containing different levels of A-137 coupling agent, i.e., 0.02%, 0.01% and 0.002% by weight on total weight of sample, designated Samples 11, 12, 13 respectively.
  • a similar sample was prepared but using a different coupling agent, XIAMETER OFS-6032 (in which the active agent is vinylbenzylaminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane) produced by Dow Corning (available as a 40% solution in methanol), at a level of 0.01%.
  • the 0.01% level refers to the proportion of the active compound, i.e., it does not include the methanol portion.
  • the sample was given the designation Sample 14.
  • silane-modified coupling agents such as A-137 tend to be effective down to levels of about about 0.02%, whilst the OFS-6032 is still effective at a level of 0.01%. It is suspected that the improved performance of the OFS-6032 may be attributable to the presence of two effective functional groups that may interact with the coating layer, vinylbenzene and ethylenediaminopropyl, while also including a moiety better configured for binding to the sand or other particles, the trimethoxysilyl. This material seems particularly effective at improving the wear resistance of the APAO-based materials, and would be expected also to be effective with the wax-based materials.
  • surfacing compositions disclosed herein may be further modified for particular applications by taking into consideration such factors as the anticipated temperature range, the depth of the surfacing composition and the moisture control available. While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to certain example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention permet d'améliorer la durée de vie relativement à l'usure de surfaces de sport revêtues artificielles, telles que des surfaces équestres à base de sable enrobé, en incorporant dans le revêtement, plus particulièrement au niveau de l'interface entre le revêtement et le matériau de base particulaire, un agent de couplage. Les surfaces de sport revêtues comprennent un composé comprenant au moins un fragment silane qui est capable de se transformer en un silanol qui, d'après ce que l'on sait, réagit ensuite avec les groupes hydroxyle sur la surface du substrat, tels que ceux qu'on trouve sur une surface de sable de silice, améliorant ainsi la performance de couplage ou d'adhérence du composé de revêtement organique sur la surface du substrat.
PCT/US2014/066468 2013-11-19 2014-11-19 Surfaces de sport sableuses modifiées améliorées WO2015077376A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361906401P 2013-11-19 2013-11-19
US61/906,401 2013-11-19

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WO2015077376A1 true WO2015077376A1 (fr) 2015-05-28

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3077828A1 (fr) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-16 Coformex Composition pour surface sportive, notamment de sport equestre, et procede de fabrication d'une telle composition

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060100342A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2006-05-11 Victor Jensen Coated sand grains
US20080050516A1 (en) * 2006-08-24 2008-02-28 Dickinson Michael W Manufactured sport and recreational surface compositions and methods for making same
US20090163623A1 (en) * 2007-10-23 2009-06-25 Nicholas Attwood Equestrian Surfacing Materials
US20100147451A1 (en) * 2007-04-24 2010-06-17 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Use of silanes as adhesion promoters between two organic surfaces
US20120196969A1 (en) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-02 Footing First Engineered earthen recreational and sport surface

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060100342A1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2006-05-11 Victor Jensen Coated sand grains
US20080050516A1 (en) * 2006-08-24 2008-02-28 Dickinson Michael W Manufactured sport and recreational surface compositions and methods for making same
US20100147451A1 (en) * 2007-04-24 2010-06-17 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Use of silanes as adhesion promoters between two organic surfaces
US20090163623A1 (en) * 2007-10-23 2009-06-25 Nicholas Attwood Equestrian Surfacing Materials
US20120196969A1 (en) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-02 Footing First Engineered earthen recreational and sport surface

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3077828A1 (fr) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-16 Coformex Composition pour surface sportive, notamment de sport equestre, et procede de fabrication d'une telle composition
WO2019158851A1 (fr) 2018-02-14 2019-08-22 Coformex Composition pour surface sportive, notamment de sport equestre, et procede de fabrication d'une telle composition
CN111770906A (zh) * 2018-02-14 2020-10-13 科福梅克斯公司 用于运动表面、特别是马术运动的运动表面的组合物和用于制备这样的组合物的方法

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