WO2015065887A1

WO2015065887A1 - Beverage additives and fermented beverages comprising a fluorescent protein

Info

Publication number: WO2015065887A1
Application number: PCT/US2014/062360
Authority: WO
Inventors: Julie MOFFITT; Jasna DELIC; Adam FLYNN
Original assignee: Forelight, Llc
Priority date: 2013-10-25
Filing date: 2014-10-27
Publication date: 2015-05-07

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a beverage additive comprising a fluorescent protein, such as a phycobiliprotein, a phycocyanin, an allophycocyanin, a phycoerythrin, an alpha subunit thereof, a beta subunit thereof, or a combination thereof. The fluorescent protein could be cross-linked to another fluorescent protein. The present disclosure also provides a fermented beverage comprising the additive and an alcohol-containing component.

Description

BEVERAGE ADDITIVES AND FERMENTED BEVERAGES

COMPRISING A FLUORESCENT PROTEIN

PRIORITY CLAIM

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application serial no. 61/895,798 filed on October 25, 2013, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference and relied upon.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Consumption of alcoholic beverages has been shown to negatively impact productivity and therefore the economy. In addition, alcohol consumption can lead to nutritional deficiencies and health complications. Furthermore, currently available alcoholic products mask flavors and visual indications that a beverage has been tampered with, for example by addition of a doping agent such as a drug. A need exists for an improved alcoholic beverage product and/or an additive for use or incorporation therein.

SUMMARY

[0003] The present disclosure provides a beverage additive comprising a fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises a phycobiliprotein, a phycocyanin, c-phycocyanin, an allophycocyanin, a phycoerythrin, an alpha subunit thereof, a beta subunit thereof, or combinations thereof.

[0004] The present disclosure also provides a fermented beverage comprising an alcohol-containing component and a beverage additive comprising a fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the alcohol-containing component to the beverage additive or to the fluorescent protein itself is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1 :99.9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0005] The beverage additives and fermented beverages comprising a beverage additive as disclosed herein are designed to (i) reduce, attenuate or eliminate one or more effect of alcohol consumption; (ii) provide one or more nutrient that is generally not provided, or provided in insufficient quantities, by available fermented beverages; and/or (iii) provide a visual indication that a fermented beverage has been contaminated with a doping agent.

[0006] Generally, a beverage additive consistent with the present disclosure comprises a fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is a phycobiliprotein. Phycobiliproteins are proteins present in cyanobacteria and some algae, and comprise a protein and a phycobilin. The phycobilin component acts as a chromophore. Structurally, phycobiliproteins contain multiple subunits which are generally classified as alpha, beta and gamma subunits. In embodiments wherein the fluorescent protein comprises a phycobiliprotein, the phycobiliprotein may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of one or more of: a phycocyanin, an allophycocyanin, and a phycoerythrin. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of one or more alpha subunits of one or more phycobiliproteins, beta subunits of one or more phycobiliproteins, gamma subunits of one or more phycobiliproteins, or a combination of subunits of one or more phycobiliproteins.

[0007] In some embodiments, the phycobiliprotein is a wild type phycobiliprotein. In some embodiments, the phycobiliprotein is a modified phycobiliprotein. The term "modified phycobiliprotein" as used herein refers to a phycobiliprotein wherein the primary structure of the phycobiliprotein differs from the primary structure of the corresponding wild type phycobiliprotein by at least one amino acid residue. In some embodiments, the modified phycobiliprotein is at least 50% homologous to the corresponding wild type phycobiliprotein, for example at least 50% homologous, at least 55% homologous, at least 60% homologous, at least 65% homologous, at least 70% homologous, at least 75% homologous, at least 80% homologous, at least 85% homologous, at least 90% homologous, at least 95% homologous, at least 96% homologous, at least 97% homologous, at least 98% homologous, at least 99% homologous, at least 99.5% homologous, or at least 99.9% homologous to the corresponding wild type phycobiliprotein.

[0008] In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of a phycocyanin, an alpha subunit of a phycocyanin, a beta subunit of a phycocyanin, a gamma subunit of a phycocyanin, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the phycocyanin comprises C-phycocyanin ("C-PC"). In some embodiments, the phycocyanin or subunit thereof is derived from a cultivated or naturally occurring microorganism such as a cyanobacteria. . In some embodiments, the C-PC is crosslinked according to any suitable method known in the art. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a species of aphanizomenon such as Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a species of spirulina such as S. platensis, a species of phormidium such as P. ceylanicum and/or a species of lyngbya. In some embodiments, the phycocyanin is purified from the microorganism before use in an additive or a fermented beverage as disclosed herein.

[0009] In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of an allophycocyanin ("APC"), an alpha subunit of an allophycocyanin, a beta subunit of an allophycocyanin, a gamma subunit of an allophycocyanin, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the allophycocyanin or subunit thereof is derived from a cultivated or naturally occurring microorganism such as a cyanobacterium. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a species of spirulina such as S. platensis. In some embodiments, the allophycocyanin is crosslinked according to any suitable method known in the art, for example substantially as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,256,050, or by treating the allophycocyanin with urea followed by immersion in physiological buffer substantially as disclosed by Papgeorgiou et al., Biochim. Biophvs. Acta, vol. 724(3), pages 323-32 (1983), the contents of each of which are incorporated herein in their entireties. In some embodiments, the allophycocyanin is purified from the microorganism before use in an additive or a fermented beverage as disclosed herein.

[0010] In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of a phycoerythrin, an alpha subunit of a phycoerythrin, a beta subunit of a phycoerythrin, a gamma subunit of a phycoerythrin, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the phycoerythrin comprises R-phycoerythrin ("R-PE"), B-phycoerythrin ("B- PE"), phycoerythrin 545 ("PE545"), Y-phycoerythrin (PB810) or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the phycoerythrin or subunit thereof is derived from a cultivated or naturally occurring algae such as a red algae or a cryptophyte. In some embodiments, the phycoerythrin or subunit thereof is derived from a macro-algae such as Grateloupia turuturu. In some embodiments, the phycoerythrin is purified from its biological source before use in an additive or a fermented beverage as disclosed herein.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is crosslinked. In some embodiments, the crosslinked fluorescent protein has an improved stability (e.g., to heat, light, pH, storage conditions, etc.) compared to the native (e.g., un-crosslinked) fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, a first fluorescent protein is crosslinked to a second fluorescent protein, which may be the same type or a different type of fluorescent protein as the first fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is crosslinked to a compound that is not a fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the compound has an affinity for a target agent. In some embodiments, the compound induces a shift in an emission pattern associated with the fluorescent protein when exposed to the target agent. In some embodiments, the target agent is a doping agent. In some embodiments, the doping agent is selected from the group consisting of Rohypnol (flunitrazepam), gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and ketamine.

[0012] In some embodiments, exposure of the crosslinked fluorescent protein to the target agent induces a shift in the emission spectrum of the fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the shift is observable visibly without requiring analytical instrumentation. In some embodiments, the emission spectrum of the fluorescent protein is visible only upon exposure to the target agent. In one such embodiment, the additive comprises or has a base (unshifted) color that substantially blends with the base color of a beverage with which the additive has been admixed, and upon exposure to the target agent comprises or has a shifted color that contrasts with the color of the beverage.

[0013] In some embodiments, the beverage additive is in a form suitable for admixing with a base liquid, such as a water-based beverage. In some embodiments, the beverage is an alcohol-containing beverage such as a fermented composition or a distilled spirit. In some embodiments, the beverage additive is in the form of a solution or a powder. In some embodiments, the powder is a lyophilized powder.

[0014] In some embodiments, the beverage additive is associated with or has a base color which, when combined with a fermented potable alcohol composition, enhances a color associated with the fernnented potable alcohol composition. In some embodiments, addition of the beverage additive to a fermented potable alcohol composition forms a color that contrasts with a color associated with the fermented potable alcohol composition. In some embodiments, addition of the beverage additive to a fermented potable alcohol composition forms a color that is consistent with the fermented potable alcohol composition, or does not significantly alter a color associated with the fermented potable alcohol composition.

[0015] In some embodiments, the beverage additive increases, enhances, improves, reduces, attenuates, minimizes or eliminates one or more effects of consumption of a fermented potable alcohol composition as compared to the effect(s) generally associated with consumption of the fermented potable alcohol composition without concurrent consumption of the beverage additive. In some embodiments, the effect is one or more of: sleep disruption, sleep improvement, fatigue, euphoria, overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self-confidence, increased sociability, decreased anxiety, shortened attention span, flushed appearance, impaired judgment, impaired fine muscle coordination, lethargy, sedation, impaired memory and comprehension, delayed reactions, ataxia, balance difficulty, unbalanced walk, blurred vision, other senses may be impaired, confusion, profound confusion, impaired senses, analgesia, increased ataxia, impaired speech, staggering, dizziness often associated with nausea, vomiting (emesis), stupor, severe ataxia, lapses in and out of consciousness, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia, vomiting , pulmonary aspiration, respiratory depression, decreased heart rate, coldness and/or numbness of the limbs, urinary incontinence, coma, unconsciousness, depressed reflexes (i.e., pupils do not respond appropriately to changes in light), marked and life-threatening respiratory depression, and markedly decreased heart rate.

[0016] In some embodiments, the beverage additive enhances a nutritional and/or a medicinal characteristic of a concurrently consumed base composition. In some embodiments, the nutritional characteristic is selected from the group consisting of: protein content, antioxidant content, and anti-inflammatory agent content.

[0017] In some embodiments, the beverage additive and the composition are admixed prior to consumption. [0018] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a beverage comprising an alcohol-containing component and a beverage additive comprising a fluorescent protein as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the beverage and/or the alcohol-containing component is a fermented beverage. In some embodiments, the beverage and/or the alcohol-containing component is a distilled beverage. Non-limiting examples of fermented alcoholic beverages include beer, wine and hard cider. Non-limiting examples of distilled alcoholic beverages include whiskey, vodka (distilled from fermented grain), gin, baijiu, tequila, brandy, and soju as well as alcoholic beverages such as cognac, absinthe, arrack, cachaca, rakija, jorilka, kaoliang, maotai, metexa, mescal, ogogoro, pisco, rum and shochu..

[0019] In some embodiments, the alcohol-containing component and the beverage additive are present in a ratio, for example a weight or volume ratio, of about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1 :99.9, for example about 99.9:0.1 , about 99.5:0.5, about 99:1 , about 98:2, about 97:3, about 96:4, about 95:5, about 94:6, about 93:7, about 92:8, about 91 :9, about 90:10, about 89:1 1 , about 88:12, about 87:13, about 86:14, about 85:15, about 84:16, about 83:17, about 82:18, about 81 :19, about 80:20, about 79:21 , about 78:22, about 77:23, about 76:24, about 75:25, about 74:26, about 73:27, about 72:28, about 71 :29, about 70:30, about 69:31 , about 68:32, about 67:33, about 66:34, about 65:35, about 64:36, about 63:37, about 62:38, about 61 :39, about 60:40, about 59:41 , about 58:42, about 57:43, about 56:44, about 55:45, about 54:46, about 53:47, about 52:48, about 51 :49, about 50:50, about 49:51 , about 48:52, about 47:53, about 46:54, about 45:55, about 44:56, about 43:57, about 42:58, about 41 :59, about 40:60, about 39:61 , about 38:62, about 37:63, about 36:64, about 35:65, about 34:66, about 33:67, about 32:68, about 31 :69, about 30:70, about 29:71 , about 28:72, about 27:73, about 26:74, about 25:75, about 24:76, about 23:77, about 22:78, about 21 :79, about 20:80, about 19:81 , about 18:82, about 17:83, about 16:84, about 15:85, about 14:86, about 13:87, about 12:88, about 1 1 :89, about 10:90, about 9:91 , about 8:92, about 7:93, about 6:94, about 5:95, about 4:96, about 3:97, about 2:98, about 1 :99, about 0.5:99.5, or about 0.1 :99.9.

[0020] In some embodiments, the beverage comprises or has a nutritional value greater than that associated with the alcohol-containing component (e.g., in the absence of the beverage additive). In some embodiments, the nutritional value comprises one or more of: a protein content, an antioxidant content, and an anti-inflammatory agent content.

[0021] In some embodiments, the beverage is associated with an enhanced color. In some embodiments, the enhanced color is consistent with an industry standard color associated with the alcohol-containing component. In some embodiments, the enhanced color is inconsistent with an industry standard color associated with the alcohol-containing component. In some embodiments, the enhanced color is substantially the same as a base color associated with the alcohol-containing component.

[0022] In some embodiments, additive comprises a fluorescent protein such as a phycobiliprotein. In embodiments wherein the fluorescent protein comprises a phycobiliprotein, the phycobiliprotein may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of one or more of: a phycocyanin, an allophycocyanin, and a phycoerythrin. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of one or more alpha subunits of one or more phycobiliproteins, beta subunits of one or more phycobiliproteins, gamma subunits of one or more phycobiliproteins, or a combination of subunits of one or more phycobiliproteins. In some embodiments, the phycobiliprotein is a wild type phycobiliprotein. In some embodiments, the phycobiliprotein is a modified phycobiliprotein.

[0023] In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of a phycocyanin, an alpha subunit of a phycocyanin, a beta subunit of a phycocyanin, a gamma subunit of a phycocyanin, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the phycocyanin comprises C-phycocyanin ("C-PC"). In some embodiments, the phycocyanin or subunit thereof is derived from a cultivated or naturally occurring microorganism such as a cyanobacteria. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a species of aphanizomenon such as Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, a species of spirulina such as S. platensis, a species of phormidium such as P. ceylanicum and/or a species of lyngbya. In some embodiments, the phycocyanin is purified from the microorganism before use in an additive or a fermented beverage as disclosed herein. [0024] In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of an allophycocyanin ("APC"), an alpha subunit of an allophycocyanin, a beta subunit of an allophycocyanin, a gamma subunit of an allophycocyanin, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the allophycocyanin or subunit thereof is derived from a cultivated or naturally occurring microorganism such as a cyanobacterium. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a species of spirulina such as S. platensis. In some embodiments, the allophycocyanin is crosslinked according to any suitable method known in the art, for example substantially as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,256,050, or by treating the allophycocyanin with urea followed by immersion in physiological buffer substantially as disclosed by Papgeorgiou et al., Biochim. Biophvs. Acta, vol. 724(3), pages 323-32 (1983), the contents of each of which are incorporated herein in their entirties. In some embodiments, the allophycocyanin is purified from the microorganism before use in an additive or a fermented beverage as disclosed herein.

[0025] In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of a phycoerythrin, an alpha subunit of a phycoerythrin, a beta subunit of a phycoerythrin, a gamma subunit of a phycoerythrin, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the phycoerythrin comprises R-phycoerythrin ("R-PE"), B-phycoerythrin ("B- PE"), phycoerythrin 545 ("PE545"), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phycoerythrin or subunit thereof is derived from a cultivated or naturally occurring algae such as a red algae or a cryptophyte. Cryptophyte refers to a plant which survives the unfavorable season underground or underwater, or to a single celled organism of the phylum cryptophyta. Red algae herein includes Rhodophyta, which may be unicellular or multicellular, and may be derived from a macro-algae or a micro-algae such as Porphyridium aerugineum. In some embodiments, the phycoerythrin or subunit thereof is derived from a macro-algae such as Grateloupia turuturu. In some embodiments, the phycoerythrin is purified from its biological source before use in an additive or a fermented beverage as disclosed herein.

[0026] In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is crosslinked. In some embodiments, the crosslinked fluorescent protein has an improved stability (e.g., to heat, light, pH, storage conditions, etc.) compared to the native (e.g., un-crosslinked) fluorescent protein, across a broad range of concentrations including low and very low concentrations. In some embodiments, a first fluorescent protein is crosslinked to a second fluorescent protein, which may be the same type or a different type of fluorescent protein as the first fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the fluorescent protein is crosslinked to a compound that is not a fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the compound has an affinity for a target agent. In some embodiments, the compound induces a shift in an emission pattern associated with the fluorescent protein when exposed to the target agent. In some embodiments, the target agent is a doping agent. In some embodiments, the doping agent is selected from the group consisting of Rohypnol (flunitrazepam), gamma- hydroxybutyric acid and ketamine.

[0027] In some embodiments, exposure of the crosslinked fluorescent protein to the target agent induces a shift in the emission spectrum of the fluorescent protein. In some embodiments, the shift is observable visibly without requiring analytical instrumentation. In some embodiments, the emission spectrum of the fluorescent protein is visible only upon exposure to the target agent. In one such embodiment, the additive comprises or has a base (unshifted) color that substantially blends with the base color of the alcohol- containing component, and upon exposure to the target agent comprises or has a shifted color that contrasts with the color of the alcohol-containing component.

[0028] In some embodiments, the the beverage is prepared by admixing the beverage additive with the alcohol-containing component. In some embodiments, the beverage additive and the alcohol-containing component are admixed before, during or after fermentation of the alcohol-containing component.

[0029] In some embodiments, the beverage comprising an alcohol-containing component and a beverage additive induces fewer or less severe effects upon consumption as compared to the effect(s) generally associated with consumption of the alcohol-containing component without concurrent consumption of the beverage additive. In some embodiments, the effect is one or more of: sleep disruption, sleep improvement, fatigue, euphoria, overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self- confidence, increased sociability, decreased anxiety, shortened attention span, flushed appearance, impaired judgment, impaired fine muscle coordination, lethargy, sedation, impaired memory and comprehension, delayed reactions, ataxia, balance difficulty, unbalanced walk, blurred vision, other senses may be impaired, confusion, profound confusion, impaired senses, analgesia, increased ataxia, impaired speech, staggering, dizziness often associated with nausea, vomiting (emesis), stupor, severe ataxia, lapses in and out of consciousness, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia, vomiting , pulmonary aspiration, respiratory depression, decreased heart rate, coldness and/or numbness of the limbs, urinary incontinence, coma, unconsciousness, depressed reflexes (i.e., pupils do not respond appropriately to changes in light), marked and life-threatening respiratory depression, and markedly decreased heart rate.

[0030] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, but that various modifications may be made without deviating from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except as by the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS I/We claim:

1 . A beverage additive comprising a fluorescent protein.

2. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent protein comprises a

phycobiliprotein.

3. The beverage additive of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the fluorescent protein is

selected from the group consisting of: a phycocyanin, an allophycocyanin, a phycoerythrin, an alpha subunit thereof, a beta subunit thereof, a gamma subunit thereof, or combinations thereof.

4. The beverage additive of claim 3, wherein the phycocyanin comprises C- phycocyanin.

5. The beverage additive of claim 3, wherein the phycocyanin comprises R- phycoerythrin or Y-phycoerythryn.

6. The beverage additive of claim 3, wherein the phycocyanin comprises B- phycoerythrin.

7. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent protein is crosslinked.

8. The beverage additive of claim 7, wherein the fluorescent protein is crosslinked to a second fluorescent protein.

9. The beverage additive of claim 7, wherein the fluorescent protein is crosslinked to a compound configured to induce a shift in an emission pattern associated with the fluorescent protein when exposed to a doping agent.

10. The beverage additive of claim 9, wherein the doping agent is selected from the group consisting of: Rohypnol (flunitrazepam), gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and ketamine.

1 1 . The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent protein is derived from a cultivated organism.

12. The beverage additive of claim 1 1 , wherein the cultivated organism is a naturally occurring organism.

13. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the beverage additive is in the form of a solution.

14. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the beverage additive is in the form of a powder.

15. The beverage additive of claim 14, wherein the powder is a lyophilized powder.

16. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the beverage additive is associated with a base color which, when combined with a fermented potable alcohol composition, enhances a color associated with the fermented potable alcohol composition.

17. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the beverage additive is associated with a base color which, when combined with a fermented potable alcohol composition, contrasts with a color associated with the fermented potable alcohol composition.

18. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the beverage additive is associated with a base color which, when combined with a fermented potable alcohol composition, does not significantly alter a color associated with the fermented potable alcohol composition.

19. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the beverage additive attenuates one or more effects of consumption of a fermented potable alcohol composition when consumed concurrently with the fermented potable alcohol composition.

20. The beverage additive of claim 1 , wherein the beverage additive enhances a

nutritional and/or a medicinal characteristic of a concurrently consumed base composition.

21 . The beverage additive of any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein the beverage additive and the composition are admixed prior to consumption.

22. A fermented beverage comprising an alcohol-containing component and a beverage additive comprising a fluorescent protein.

23. The fermented beverage of claim 22, wherein a ratio of the alcohol-containing

component to the beverage additive is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1 :99.9.

24. The fermented beverage of claim 22, wherein the fermented beverage comprises a nutritional value greater than that associated with the alcohol-containing

component.

25. The fermented beverage of claim 24, wherein the nutritional value comprises one or more of: a protein content, an antioxidant content, and an anti-inflammatory agent content.

26. The fernnented beverage of claim 22, wherein the fermented beverage is associated with an enhanced color.

27. The fermented beverage of claim 26, wherein the enhanced color is consistent with an industry standard color associated with the alcohol-containing component.

28. The fermented beverage of claim 26, wherein the enhanced color is inconsistent with an industry standard color associated with the alcohol-containing component.

29. The fermented beverage of claim 26, wherein the enhanced color is substantially the same as a base color associated with the alcohol-containing component.

30. The fermented beverage of claim 22, wherein the fluorescent protein comprises a phycobiliprotein.

31 . The fermented beverage of claim 22 or claim 30, wherein the fluorescent protein is selected from the group consisting of: a phycocyanin, an allophycocyanin, a phycoerythrin, an alpha subunit thereof, a beta subunit thereof, a gamma subunit thereof, or a combination thereof.

32. The fermented beverage of claim 31 , wherein the phycocyanin comprises C- phycocyanin.

33. The fermented beverage of claim 31 , wherein the phycocyanin comprises R- phycoerythrin.

34. The fermented beverage of claim 31 , wherein the phycocyanin comprises B- phycoerythrin.

35. The fernnented beverage of any one of claims 22 to 34, wherein the fluorescent protein is crossl inked.

36. The fermented beverage of claim 35, wherein the fluorescent protein is crosslinked to a second fluorescent protein.

37. The fermented beverage of claim 35, wherein the fluorescent protein is crosslinked to a compound configured to induce a shift in an emission pattern associated with the fluorescent protein when exposed to a doping agent.

38. The fermented beverage of claim 37, wherein the doping agent is selected from the group consisting of: Rohypnol (flunitrazepam), gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and ketamine.

39. The fermented beverage of claim 22, wherein the fluorescent protein is derived from a cultivated organism.

40. The fermented beverage of claim 39, wherein the cultivated organism is a naturally occurring organism.

41 . The fermented beverage of any one of claims 22 to 39, wherein the beverage

additive is in the form of a solution.

42. The fermented beverage of any one of claims 22 to 39, wherein the beverage

additive is in the form of a powder.

43. The fermented beverage of claim 42, wherein the powder is a lyophilized powder.