WO2015063822A1 - Method for attaching rfid tag to tree - Google Patents
Method for attaching rfid tag to tree Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015063822A1 WO2015063822A1 PCT/JP2013/079078 JP2013079078W WO2015063822A1 WO 2015063822 A1 WO2015063822 A1 WO 2015063822A1 JP 2013079078 W JP2013079078 W JP 2013079078W WO 2015063822 A1 WO2015063822 A1 WO 2015063822A1
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- rfid tag
- tree
- shaped hole
- wedge
- bark
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/099—Auxiliary devices, e.g. felling wedges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tree management technique, and in particular, to a technique effective when applied to an RFID tag mounting method for solid-state management of a tree.
- a tag or the like on which identification information is written is attached to the tree.
- RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
- identification information and attribute information are held as electronic data, so that more efficient and effective solid management is performed. Yes.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-24034 (Patent Document 1), as a method of embedding an RFID tag in a tree, a method of opening a hole in a tree and embedding the RFID tag in the hole, More preferably, a method of inserting and embedding an RFID tag so as to make a part of the bark into a semi-peeled state by cutting into the bark and being sandwiched between the trunk and the bark in the semi-peeled state, A method of peeling a part of the bark and fixing the RFID tag between the peeled bark and the tree by a fixing means such as vinyl tape is described.
- HF High-Frequency
- the reader / writer device is considerably close to the RFID tag (tree). You can't communicate without it.
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the influence of water and moisture when mounting an RFID tag inside a tree or the like, and to obtain sufficient communication sensitivity without damaging the tree or the like as much as possible. It is to provide a method of attaching an RFID tag to a tree.
- a method of attaching an RFID tag to a tree is a method of attaching an RFID tag by embedding an RFID tag inside a tree, wherein the wedge is directed from the surface of the tree toward the center of the tree.
- (A), (b) is the figure which showed the outline
- FIG. (A), (b) is the figure which showed the outline
- (A), (b) is a figure explaining an outline
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an outline of an example of a method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree in the prior art.
- FIG. 6A shows an example of the process of peeling the bark to attach the RFID tag.
- the trunk bark 11 is cut with a tool 21 such as a knife so that a part thereof is in a semi-peeled state. That is, the bark 11 is not cut off, but is peeled in a state in which at least a part is connected to the tree 10 so that the bark 11 is naturally healed over time.
- a flat RFID tag 30 is inserted so as to be sandwiched between the xylem 12 and the semi-peeled bark 11, and the semi-peeled bark is inserted.
- 11 is embedded so as to cover the RFID tag 30. That is, the flat RFID tag 30 is embedded in the portion of the tree part 12 from which the bark 11 has been peeled off.
- the flat RFID tag 30 is mounted in a positional relationship so as to be substantially in contact with the outer periphery of the side surface. Become.
- the mounting in such a state may be referred to as “flat placement”.
- the bark 11 having a certain area is peeled off so that the RFID tag 30 can be attached to the peeled portion by “flat placement”.
- various germs and the like easily invade from the peeled portion, and the disease is easily induced.
- the tissue of the exfoliation part adheres and heals, the tissue of the part enlarges and rises, and the aesthetic sense is easily lost.
- the inner part of the bark 11 has a vascular bundle forming layer (not shown) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “formed layer”), and the tissue of this part grows and grows in the growth process of the tree 10. . Therefore, in order to appropriately embed the RFID tag 30 by adhesion of the bark 11 accompanying growth, it is necessary to include the formation layer in the peeled bark 11 and embed the RFID tag 30 inside thereof. However, when the peeled bark 11 does not include the formation layer and the RFID tag 30 is embedded outside the formation layer due to a mistake during the peeling, the RFID tag 30 is attached to the tree 10 as the formation layer grows thereafter. There is also a risk that it will be pushed out of the trunk and fall off.
- the bark 11 is peeled off and “flatly placed”. Rather, a wedge-shaped hole having a size sufficient to embed the RFID tag 30 from the bark 11 toward the center of the tree 10 is formed, and the RFID tag 30 is embedded or pushed into the hole. That is, assuming that the shape of the trunk of the tree 10 is approximately cylindrical, the flat RFID tag 30 is mounted in a positional relationship so as to be substantially orthogonal to the outer periphery of the side surface.
- the mounting in such a state may be referred to as “vertical placement”.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of an example of a method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A shows an example of a process of making a wedge-shaped hole for mounting an RFID tag.
- the wedge-shaped hole 13 is formed by inserting a tool 20 having a wedge-shaped tip such as a screwdriver or a chisel from the bark 11 into the trunk of the tree 10.
- the RFID tag 30 can be mounted “vertically” by inserting the RFID tag 30 into the wedge-shaped hole 13.
- the wedge-shaped hole 13 needs to have a size that can accommodate the RFID tag 30 in a “vertical position”.
- the RFID tag 30 is desirably a small one, for example, a size of about 5 mm square and a thickness of about 1 mm or less.
- the size of the wedge-shaped hole 13 is desirably a size with a margin of about 1 mm to 3 mm or less from each surface of the RFID tag 30 to be inserted.
- an ultra-small RFID tag 30 (for example, IM5-PK2525 type (2.5 mm square, thickness of Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) that can be generally purchased in the market. 0.4 mm)).
- the wedge-shaped hole 13 has a depth of about 4 to 5 mm and an opening of about 4 mm in length and about 2 mm in width, as shown in FIG.
- the RFID tag 30 can be inserted by “vertical placement”. As long as it has a thickness capable of forming the wedge-shaped hole 13 having such a size, it can be mounted not only on the trunk of the tree 10 but also on a branch or a root portion.
- the RFID tag 30 can be embedded and attached only by scratching a part of an extremely small area of the bark 11, and damage to the tree 10 can be minimized.
- the space of the gap after inserting the RFID tag 30 in the wedge-shaped hole 13 may be left as it is, so that the formation layer of the bark 11 grows so that the hole is naturally filled, or an adhesive or It may be filled by injecting resin or the like.
- an ultra-small RFID tag 30 having an IC chip 31 and a coil antenna 32 as shown in FIG. 1B is used.
- other RFID tags having a coil antenna structure are used. There may be.
- “Vertical placement” of the RFID tag 30 means that the surface formed by the coil antenna 32 is placed in a “vertical placement” state.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an outline of an example of an operation principle of communication between the RFID tag and the reader / writer device in the present embodiment. Two principles can be inferred as the principle of establishing communication between the RFID tag 30 embedded in the tree 10 and the reader / writer device 40.
- the radiated radio wave 41 from the reader / writer device 40 acts on a conductor of ions inside the tree 10 to cause a high frequency current 42 to flow, and this high frequency current 42 excites an induced current in the coil antenna 32 of the RFID tag 30.
- the RFID tag 30 operates and can communicate.
- the other one is speculation that the radio wave 41 from the reader / writer device 40 communicates by directly exciting the RFID tag 30 while receiving a wavelength shortening inside the tree 10. Regardless of the operating principle, the RFID tag 30 can operate when it is “vertically placed” inside the tree 10.
- the tree 10 is a living plant, and it is considered that wavelength shortening due to the dielectric constant of the internal moisture has a great influence on communication.
- the inside of the tree 10 can be cooked by electromagnetic waves in the same manner as the inside of the plant. Therefore, the latter effect becomes more obvious inside the tree 10 among the above assumptions. it is conceivable that.
- the RFID tag 30 has a coil antenna 32, so that it operates as a magnetic field.
- the RFID tag 30 is parallel to the traveling direction of the radiated radio wave 41 output from the reader / writer device 40. In other words, it is desirable that the tree 10 be mounted in a “vertically placed” state rather than “flatly placed”.
- the resonance frequency of the coil antenna 32 of the RFID tag 30 is adjusted in consideration of this, thereby enabling communication.
- the sensitivity can be further improved.
- ⁇ p ⁇ / ⁇ (relative permittivity inside the tree)
- the relative dielectric constant of water 80
- the wavelength is shortened to about 1/9 in the portion where the moisture is high.
- the relative permittivity of dry wood or the like may be about 2, and in this case, the reduction is only about 1 / 1.4.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an outline of an example of an operation principle of communication between the RFID tag in the “vertical placement” state and the reader / writer device.
- the electromagnetic field of the radiated radio wave 41 output from the reader / writer device 40 the electric field is omitted in the figure and only the magnetic field is indicated by magnetic lines of force, but the magnetic line of force reverses the phase along the traveling direction of the radiated radio wave 41.
- the generated loop is generated continuously. This is electromagnetically coupled by generating an induced current 33 in a coil antenna 32 (not shown) of the RFID tag 30.
- the RFID tag 30 (coil antenna 32) is desirably “vertically placed” as illustrated.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an outline of an example of an operation principle of communication between an RFID tag in a “flat” state and a reader / writer device.
- the RFID tag 30 is “flatly placed”.
- the induced current 33 is about to flow.
- these induced currents 33 cancel each other on the coil antenna 32, and as a result of no current difference being generated, it becomes difficult for the current to flow, so the communication sensitivity is greatly reduced.
- the reader / writer device 40 is brought close to the RFID tag 30 and is not shown by the proximity radio wave 43.
- the induction current 33 is generated in the coil antenna 32 by mutual induction.
- the intensity becomes weaker in inverse proportion to the first power of the distance, as is well known in electromagnetics.
- the degree of attenuation is less than that of the proximity radio wave 43.
- the half-wavelength (diameter per loop) of the magnetic field lines is about 16 cm, and communication is possible even with attenuation if the distance is in this order.
- the half wavelength of the magnetic field lines is as long as about 11 m, and the output is attenuated to such an extent that communication is impossible at this order distance. Therefore, in order to communicate with the RFID tag 30 by the reader / writer device 40 at an effective distance using the radiated radio wave 41, it is desirable to use the UHF band. In this embodiment, the UHF band is used.
- the influence of moisture contained in the tree 10 may be a problem. Therefore, from the reader / writer device 40, it is determined whether the RFID tag 30 can be actually embedded and attached by using the method of the present embodiment and read by the reader / writer device 40 for several types of plants having different moisture contents.
- the readable distance was measured for each radio wave output. Note that a plurality of types of radio wave output values are measured because the RFID tag 30 embedded in the tree is positioned relatively inside the tree surface as the tree grows, and the reader / writer device 40 This is for ascertaining whether or not there is an influence when the distance from the RFID tag 30 to the RFID tag 30 increases.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of a result of a reading experiment performed on an RFID tag attached to a tree or the like by the method of the present embodiment.
- the measurement results of the flight distance sensitivity (communication possible distance) for each radio wave output are shown for each characteristic of the water content of the sample (plant such as a tree).
- the RFID tag 30 attached by the conventional attachment method (“flat placement”) is also measured for the attachment method of the present embodiment (“vertical placement”). And show the results.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of an example in which an RFID tag is coated with resin or the like. As shown in the figure, for example, the entire surface of the RFID tag 30 is coated with a waterproof resin with a thickness of about 0.5 mm to obtain a processed RFID tag 30a. In consideration of the ease of embedding in the tree 10 by the method of the present embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, it is desirable that the coating is about 1 mm or less even if it is thick so as to be as small as possible.
- FIG. 4 shows this measurement result. According to this, it is clear that by taking the above-mentioned countermeasure against moisture, the flight distance sensitivity is greatly improved with respect to simple “vertical placement”. It has also been shown that flight distance sensitivity can be maintained to some extent against a decrease in radio wave output.
- the above-mentioned countermeasure is based on the radio wave inside the tree 10 when the distance between the RFID tag 30 and the bark 11 becomes large, for example, the RFID tag 30 is left in the vicinity of the center of the trunk as the tree 10 grows. It has the effect that the influence of attenuation can be reduced and the influence caused by the change in the water content of the tree 10 can also be reduced. Naturally, the application of the waterproof coating also has the effect of reducing failure due to the protection of the internal RFID tag 30.
- the RFID tag 30 Even if the above measures are taken, if the RFID tag 30 is left near the center of the trunk as the tree 10 grows, the RFID tag 30 cannot be read from the outside of the tree 10 in the future. It is also assumed that In such a case, it is possible to cope with the operation by, for example, newly embedding and mounting the RFID tag 30 for update.
- the operation method is, for example, when the RFID tag 30 fails and communication is impossible, or the life of the tree 10 is longer than the useful life of the RFID tag 30 (for example, the useful life of the RFID tag 30 is several tens of years).
- the present invention can be applied to a case where the life of the tree 10 is several hundred years).
- the target in which the RFID tag 30 is embedded is described as the woody tree 10, but it is the dielectric that is involved in the radio wave, and the type of plant is not directly related. Therefore, for example, it can also be applied to non-woody plants such as foliage plants such as cycads, cactuses, flower buds, and vegetables. Further, not only plants that are planted and alive, but also those that have withered or felled wood can be managed solidly if the mounted RFID tag 30 is normal.
- the RFID tag 30 is embedded in the tree 10 by “vertical placement” and attached to the tree bark.
- the damage in that the tree 10 is scratched can be reduced as compared with the case where 11 is peeled off.
- the effectiveness of communication with the reader / writer device 40 can be greatly improved as compared with the case of mounting by “flat placement”.
- the effectiveness of communication can be further improved by applying a waterproof coating to the RFID tag 30.
- solid management can be performed accurately by embedding the RFID tag 30 in the tree 10 or the like, for example, growth management, annual ring count management, insecticide treatment history management, epidemics management, and the like are accurately performed. Is possible.
- the present invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say.
- the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to the one having all the configurations described.
- the present invention can be used for an RFID tag mounting method for solid-state management of trees.
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Abstract
A method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree reduces the effects of water and moisture and makes obtaining sufficient communications sensitivity possible, damaging and affecting the tree and the like as little as possible when an RFID tag is attached inside a tree or the like. A representative embodiment has a step for forming a wedge shaped hole oriented in the direction of the center of the tree from the surface of the tree and a step for inserting the RFID tag in the wedge shaped hole such that a surface formed by a coil antenna of the RFID tag is orthogonal to the surface of the tree in a position in the wedge shaped hole.
Description
本発明は、樹木の管理技術に関し、特に、樹木を固体管理するためのRFIDタグの装着方法に適用して有効な技術に関するものである。
The present invention relates to a tree management technique, and in particular, to a technique effective when applied to an RFID tag mounting method for solid-state management of a tree.
樹木等であっても、例えば、桜などの苗木や高級盆栽など、高い価値(価格)を有するものや、街路樹など個別に状態等を管理する必要があるものでは、真贋判定や管理の実現・効率化のために固体認識を行いたいという場合がある。
Even if it is a tree, for example, if it has a high value (price), such as a seedling such as a cherry tree or a high-class bonsai, or if it is necessary to manage the state individually, such as a roadside tree, realization of authenticity judgment and management・ In some cases, it is desired to perform solid recognition for efficiency.
樹木等を固体認識しようとする場合、一般的な手法としては、例えば、樹木に対して識別情報が記載された札等を取り付けることが行われている。また、このような札にRFID(Radio Frequency IDentification)タグを組み込んで、電子的なデータとして識別情報や属性情報を保持させることで、より効率的、効果的な固体管理を行うことも行われている。
When a tree or the like is to be solid-recognized, as a general technique, for example, a tag or the like on which identification information is written is attached to the tree. In addition, RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) tags are incorporated into such tags, and identification information and attribute information are held as electronic data, so that more efficient and effective solid management is performed. Yes.
しかしながら、樹木等の外部に札等の識別標識を取り付ける場合は、樹木の成長や運搬等に伴う脱落や、すり替えなどが容易であり、固体認識の正確性を保証することが困難となる場合も容易に生じ得る。また、盆栽等においては美感が重要であるところ、札等の識別標識を取り付けることで美感を損ねる場合も生じ得る。
However, when attaching an identification sign such as a tag to the outside of a tree or the like, it is easy to drop off or replace with the growth or transportation of the tree, and it may be difficult to guarantee the accuracy of solid recognition. It can occur easily. Moreover, in a bonsai etc., aesthetics are important, and it may happen that the aesthetics are impaired by attaching an identification mark such as a bill.
そこで、樹木等自体にRFIDタグを装着して固体認識を行うことが検討されている。これに関連する技術として、例えば、特開2012-24034号公報(特許文献1)には、RFIDタグを樹木に埋め込む方法として、樹木に孔を開け、その孔にRFIDタグを包埋する方法や、より好適には、樹皮に切り込みを入れて樹皮の一部を半剥離状態とし、幹と半剥離状態にある樹皮との間に挟まれる状態になるようにRFIDタグを挿入して埋め込む方法、樹皮の一部を剥離し、当該剥離した樹皮と樹木との間にRFIDタグをビニールテープ等の固定手段により固定する方法等が記載されている。
Therefore, it has been studied to perform solid recognition by attaching an RFID tag to a tree or the like itself. As a technique related to this, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-24034 (Patent Document 1), as a method of embedding an RFID tag in a tree, a method of opening a hole in a tree and embedding the RFID tag in the hole, More preferably, a method of inserting and embedding an RFID tag so as to make a part of the bark into a semi-peeled state by cutting into the bark and being sandwiched between the trunk and the bark in the semi-peeled state, A method of peeling a part of the bark and fixing the RFID tag between the peeled bark and the tree by a fixing means such as vinyl tape is described.
従来技術では、樹木等にRFIDタグを装着する好適な方法として、樹皮の一部を半剥離もしくは剥離し、当該剥離した樹皮と樹木との間にRFIDタグを挿入して埋め込むもしくは固定するものが挙げられている。しかしながら、樹皮を剥離することは、樹木に対して傷を付ける面積が大きくなり、雑菌の侵入等による病気を誘発しやすくなる。また、剥離部分の組織が癒着して治癒する際に、当該部分の組織が肥大化して盛り上がり、美感を損ねる場合も生じやすい。
In the prior art, as a suitable method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree or the like, a method in which a part of the bark is partially peeled or peeled off, and an RFID tag is inserted or embedded between the peeled bark and the tree or fixed. Are listed. However, exfoliating the bark increases the area that damages the tree and tends to induce disease due to invasion of germs. Moreover, when the tissue of the exfoliation part adheres and heals, the tissue of the part enlarges and rises, and the aesthetic sense is easily lost.
また、従来技術では、RFIDタグの種類として、水分・金属に対する耐性が高いこと等からHF(High Frequency)帯の電波を用いるものがより好適であるとされている。しかしながら、HF帯を用いる場合、後述するように、リーダライタ装置とRFIDタグとの間の通信には近接電波(誘導電磁波)が用いられることから、リーダライタ装置をRFIDタグ(樹木)にかなり近づけないと通信することができない。
In addition, in the prior art, as a type of the RFID tag, one that uses radio waves in an HF (High-Frequency) band is more suitable because of its high resistance to moisture and metal. However, when the HF band is used, as will be described later, since a close electromagnetic wave (inductive electromagnetic wave) is used for communication between the reader / writer device and the RFID tag, the reader / writer device is considerably close to the RFID tag (tree). You can't communicate without it.
リーダライタ装置とRFIDタグとの間の通信にUHF(Ultra High Frequency)帯を用いるとした場合でも、剥離した樹皮と樹木との間にRFIDタグを挿入する手法では、後述するように、通常はRFIDタグのアンテナがなす面がリーダライタ装置に対して正対する状態となってしまうため、UHF帯での通信に用いられる出力の弱い放射電波に対しては感度が大きく低下してしまう課題を有する。
Even when a UHF (Ultra High Frequency) band is used for communication between the reader / writer device and the RFID tag, the method of inserting the RFID tag between the peeled bark and the tree is usually as described later. Since the surface formed by the antenna of the RFID tag faces the reader / writer device, there is a problem that the sensitivity is greatly reduced for a radiated radio wave having a weak output used for communication in the UHF band. .
そこで本発明の目的は、樹木等の内部にRFIDタグを装着する際に、水や水分による影響を低減し、樹木等に対するダメージや影響を極力与えずに、十分な通信感度を得ることを可能とする、樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法を提供することにある。
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to reduce the influence of water and moisture when mounting an RFID tag inside a tree or the like, and to obtain sufficient communication sensitivity without damaging the tree or the like as much as possible. It is to provide a method of attaching an RFID tag to a tree.
本発明の前記ならびにその他の目的と新規な特徴は、本明細書の記述および添付図面から明らかになるであろう。
The above and other objects and novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.
本願において開示される発明のうち、代表的なものの概要を簡単に説明すれば、以下のとおりである。
Of the inventions disclosed in this application, the outline of typical ones will be briefly described as follows.
本発明の代表的な実施の形態による樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法は、樹木の内部にRFIDタグを埋め込んで装着する方法であって、前記樹木の表面から前記樹木の中心方向に向かってくさび状孔を形成する工程と、前記くさび状孔に、前記RFIDタグを、前記RFIDタグのコイルアンテナのなす面が前記くさび状孔の位置において前記樹木の表面に直交する状態で挿入する工程と、を有するものである。
A method of attaching an RFID tag to a tree according to a representative embodiment of the present invention is a method of attaching an RFID tag by embedding an RFID tag inside a tree, wherein the wedge is directed from the surface of the tree toward the center of the tree. A step of forming a hole, and a step of inserting the RFID tag into the wedge-shaped hole in a state where a surface formed by a coil antenna of the RFID tag is orthogonal to the surface of the tree at the position of the wedge-shaped hole; It is what has.
本願において開示される発明のうち、代表的なものによって得られる効果を簡単に説明すれば以下のとおりである。
Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, effects obtained by typical ones will be briefly described as follows.
すなわち、本発明の代表的な実施の形態によれば、樹木等の内部にRFIDタグを装着する際に、水や水分による影響を低減し、樹木等に対するダメージや影響を極力与えずに、十分な通信感度を得ることが可能となる。
That is, according to a typical embodiment of the present invention, when mounting an RFID tag inside a tree or the like, it is possible to reduce the influence of water and moisture, and to prevent damage and influence on the tree as much as possible. Communication sensitivity can be obtained.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、実施の形態を説明するための全図において、同一部には原則として同一の符号を付し、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。また、以下においては、本発明の特徴を分かり易くするために、従来の技術と比較して説明する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted. In the following, in order to make the features of the present invention easier to understand, the description will be made in comparison with the prior art.
図6は、従来技術における樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法の例について概要を示した図である。図6(a)は、RFIDタグを装着するために樹皮を剥離する工程について例を示している。上述したように、従来技術では、RFIDタグを樹木10に埋め込んで装着する好適な手法として、例えば、幹の樹皮11にナイフ等の工具21で切り込みを入れて一部を半剥離状態とする。すなわち、樹皮11を切り取ってしまうのではなく、少なくとも一部が樹木10に繋がっている状態で剥離することで、時間経過とともに自然治癒するようにする。
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an outline of an example of a method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree in the prior art. FIG. 6A shows an example of the process of peeling the bark to attach the RFID tag. As described above, in the prior art, as a suitable method for embedding and mounting the RFID tag in the tree 10, for example, the trunk bark 11 is cut with a tool 21 such as a knife so that a part thereof is in a semi-peeled state. That is, the bark 11 is not cut off, but is peeled in a state in which at least a part is connected to the tree 10 so that the bark 11 is naturally healed over time.
その後、図6(b)に示すように、木部12と半剥離状態の樹皮11との間に挟まれる状態となるように、平板状のRFIDタグ30を挿入して、半剥離状態の樹皮11をRFIDタグ30に被せるようにして埋め込む。すなわち、樹皮11が剥離された部分の木部12に対して、平板状のRFIDタグ30を貼り付けるようにして埋め込む。なお、この場合、平板状のRFIDタグ30は、樹木10の幹の形状を近似的に円柱状であると仮定した場合に、その側面の外周に概ね接するような位置関係で装着されることになる。以下では、このような状態での装着を「平置き」と記載する場合がある。
After that, as shown in FIG. 6B, a flat RFID tag 30 is inserted so as to be sandwiched between the xylem 12 and the semi-peeled bark 11, and the semi-peeled bark is inserted. 11 is embedded so as to cover the RFID tag 30. That is, the flat RFID tag 30 is embedded in the portion of the tree part 12 from which the bark 11 has been peeled off. In this case, when assuming that the shape of the trunk of the tree 10 is approximately cylindrical, the flat RFID tag 30 is mounted in a positional relationship so as to be substantially in contact with the outer periphery of the side surface. Become. Hereinafter, the mounting in such a state may be referred to as “flat placement”.
図6の例に示したような、樹皮11を剥離する手法では、剥離された部分にRFIDタグ30を「平置き」により装着できるようにするため、ある程度の面積の樹皮11を剥離することになる。その結果、剥離部分から雑菌等が侵入しやすくなり、病気を誘発しやすくなる。また、剥離部分の組織が癒着して治癒する際に、当該部分の組織が肥大化して盛り上がり、美感を損ねる場合も生じやすい。最悪の場合、組織が癒着せずに壊死して、RFIDタグ30が脱落するなどの危険性も高い。
In the method of peeling the bark 11 as shown in the example of FIG. 6, the bark 11 having a certain area is peeled off so that the RFID tag 30 can be attached to the peeled portion by “flat placement”. Become. As a result, various germs and the like easily invade from the peeled portion, and the disease is easily induced. Moreover, when the tissue of the exfoliation part adheres and heals, the tissue of the part enlarges and rises, and the aesthetic sense is easily lost. In the worst case, there is also a high risk that the RFID tag 30 may fall off because the tissue does not adhere and is necrotized.
また、樹皮11の内側部分には、図示しない維管束形成層(以下では単に「形成層」と記載する場合がある)があり、樹木10の成長過程ではこの部分の組織が肥大成長していく。従って、成長に伴う樹皮11の癒着により適切にRFIDタグ30が埋め込まれるようにするには、剥離する樹皮11には形成層を含むようにし、その内側にRFIDタグ30を埋め込む必要がある。しかし、剥離の際のミス等により、剥離した樹皮11に形成層が含まれず、形成層より外側にRFIDタグ30を埋め込んでしまった場合、その後の形成層の成長に伴いRFIDタグ30が樹木10の幹の外部に押し出されて脱落するなどの危険性も有する。
Further, the inner part of the bark 11 has a vascular bundle forming layer (not shown) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “formed layer”), and the tissue of this part grows and grows in the growth process of the tree 10. . Therefore, in order to appropriately embed the RFID tag 30 by adhesion of the bark 11 accompanying growth, it is necessary to include the formation layer in the peeled bark 11 and embed the RFID tag 30 inside thereof. However, when the peeled bark 11 does not include the formation layer and the RFID tag 30 is embedded outside the formation layer due to a mistake during the peeling, the RFID tag 30 is attached to the tree 10 as the formation layer grows thereafter. There is also a risk that it will be pushed out of the trunk and fall off.
そこで、本発明の一実施の形態である樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法では、樹木10に対してRFIDタグ30を埋め込んで装着する際に、樹皮11を剥離して「平置き」するのではなく、樹皮11から樹木10の中心方向に向かってRFIDタグ30を埋め込める程度の大きさのくさび状の孔を開け、そこにRFIDタグ30を埋め込む、もしくは押し込むことにより装着する。すなわち、樹木10の幹の形状を近似的に円柱状であると仮定した場合に、平板状のRFIDタグ30が、その側面の外周に概ね直交するような位置関係で装着されるようにする。以下では、このような状態での装着を「縦置き」と記載する場合がある。
Therefore, in the method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the RFID tag 30 is embedded in the tree 10 and attached, the bark 11 is peeled off and “flatly placed”. Rather, a wedge-shaped hole having a size sufficient to embed the RFID tag 30 from the bark 11 toward the center of the tree 10 is formed, and the RFID tag 30 is embedded or pushed into the hole. That is, assuming that the shape of the trunk of the tree 10 is approximately cylindrical, the flat RFID tag 30 is mounted in a positional relationship so as to be substantially orthogonal to the outer periphery of the side surface. Hereinafter, the mounting in such a state may be referred to as “vertical placement”.
図1は、本発明の一実施の形態である樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法の例について概要を示した図である。図1(a)は、RFIDタグを装着するためにくさび状の孔を開ける工程について例を示している。ここでは、例えば、樹木10の幹に対して樹皮11からドライバーやのみ等のくさび状の先端を有する工具20を突き刺すことでくさび状孔13を形成する。その後、図1(b)に示すように、RFIDタグ30をくさび状孔13に挿入することで「縦置き」にRFIDタグ30を装着することができる。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of an example of a method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A shows an example of a process of making a wedge-shaped hole for mounting an RFID tag. Here, for example, the wedge-shaped hole 13 is formed by inserting a tool 20 having a wedge-shaped tip such as a screwdriver or a chisel from the bark 11 into the trunk of the tree 10. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1B, the RFID tag 30 can be mounted “vertically” by inserting the RFID tag 30 into the wedge-shaped hole 13.
このような装着を可能とするためには、くさび状孔13は、RFIDタグ30を「縦置き」で収納することができる程度の大きさを有している必要がある。くさび状孔13の大きさをできるだけ小さくするため、RFIDタグ30としては小型のものが望ましく、例えば、5mm角、厚さ1mm程度以下の大きさであることが望ましい。また、くさび状孔13の大きさは、挿入するRFIDタグ30の各表面から1mm~3mm程度以下の余裕を持たせた大きさとするのが望ましい。
In order to enable such mounting, the wedge-shaped hole 13 needs to have a size that can accommodate the RFID tag 30 in a “vertical position”. In order to make the size of the wedge-shaped hole 13 as small as possible, the RFID tag 30 is desirably a small one, for example, a size of about 5 mm square and a thickness of about 1 mm or less. In addition, the size of the wedge-shaped hole 13 is desirably a size with a margin of about 1 mm to 3 mm or less from each surface of the RFID tag 30 to be inserted.
本実施の形態では、図1(b)に示すように、一般に市場で購入することができる超小型のRFIDタグ30(例えば、日立化成株式会社のIM5-PK2525型(2.5mm角、厚さ0.4mm))を用いるものとする。この場合、くさび状孔13は、図1(a)に示すように、例えば、深さ4~5mm程度、開口部が縦4mm程度、横2mm程度あれば、図1(b)に示すように「縦置き」でRFIDタグ30を挿入することができる。この程度の大きさのくさび状孔13を形成することが可能な太さを有するのであれば、樹木10の幹に限らず、枝や根の部分などに装着することも可能である。
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1B, an ultra-small RFID tag 30 (for example, IM5-PK2525 type (2.5 mm square, thickness of Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) that can be generally purchased in the market. 0.4 mm)). In this case, as shown in FIG. 1A, the wedge-shaped hole 13 has a depth of about 4 to 5 mm and an opening of about 4 mm in length and about 2 mm in width, as shown in FIG. The RFID tag 30 can be inserted by “vertical placement”. As long as it has a thickness capable of forming the wedge-shaped hole 13 having such a size, it can be mounted not only on the trunk of the tree 10 but also on a branch or a root portion.
このように、本実施の形態では、樹皮11の極めて小さい面積の一部に傷をつけるだけでRFIDタグ30を埋め込んで装着することができ、樹木10に与えるダメージを最小限にすることができる。なお、くさび状孔13におけるRFIDタグ30を挿入した後の隙間の空間は、そのまま放置して、樹皮11の形成層が成長することにより自然と孔が埋まるようにしてもよいし、接着剤や樹脂等を注入して埋めてもよい。
As described above, in the present embodiment, the RFID tag 30 can be embedded and attached only by scratching a part of an extremely small area of the bark 11, and damage to the tree 10 can be minimized. . In addition, the space of the gap after inserting the RFID tag 30 in the wedge-shaped hole 13 may be left as it is, so that the formation layer of the bark 11 grows so that the hole is naturally filled, or an adhesive or It may be filled by injecting resin or the like.
また、本実施の形態では、図1(b)に示すような、ICチップ31とコイルアンテナ32を有する超小型のRFIDタグ30を用いるものとしているが、コイルアンテナ構造を有する他のRFIDタグであってもよい。RFIDタグ30を「縦置き」するということは、コイルアンテナ32のなす面が「縦置き」の状態となるように配置することを意味する。
In this embodiment, an ultra-small RFID tag 30 having an IC chip 31 and a coil antenna 32 as shown in FIG. 1B is used. However, other RFID tags having a coil antenna structure are used. There may be. “Vertical placement” of the RFID tag 30 means that the surface formed by the coil antenna 32 is placed in a “vertical placement” state.
図2は、本実施の形態におけるRFIDタグとリーダライタ装置との間の通信の動作原理の例について概要を説明する図である。樹木10の内部に埋め込まれたRFIDタグ30と、リーダライタ装置40との間での通信が確立する原理として、2つの原理を推測することができる。
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an outline of an example of an operation principle of communication between the RFID tag and the reader / writer device in the present embodiment. Two principles can be inferred as the principle of establishing communication between the RFID tag 30 embedded in the tree 10 and the reader / writer device 40.
1つは、リーダライタ装置40からの放射電波41が樹木10の内部のイオンによる導体に作用して高周波電流42が流れ、この高周波電流42によってRFIDタグ30のコイルアンテナ32に誘導電流が励起されることでRFIDタグ30が動作し、通信を行うことができるとする推測である。他の1つは、リーダライタ装置40からの放射電波41が、樹木10の内部で波長短縮を受けながら、RFIDタグ30を直接励起させることで通信を行うとする推測である。いずれの動作原理であっても、RFIDタグ30を樹木10の内部に「縦置き」した場合は動作可能である。
One is that the radiated radio wave 41 from the reader / writer device 40 acts on a conductor of ions inside the tree 10 to cause a high frequency current 42 to flow, and this high frequency current 42 excites an induced current in the coil antenna 32 of the RFID tag 30. Thus, it is assumed that the RFID tag 30 operates and can communicate. The other one is speculation that the radio wave 41 from the reader / writer device 40 communicates by directly exciting the RFID tag 30 while receiving a wavelength shortening inside the tree 10. Regardless of the operating principle, the RFID tag 30 can operate when it is “vertically placed” inside the tree 10.
樹木10は生きた植物であり、内部の水分の誘電率による波長短縮も通信に大きな影響を及ぼすものと考えられる。一方で、例えば、電子レンジでの加熱では、植物の表面の他、内部も同様に電磁波により加熱調理できることから、上記の推測のうち、樹木10の内部では後者の効果のほうがより顕在化するものと考えられる。
The tree 10 is a living plant, and it is considered that wavelength shortening due to the dielectric constant of the internal moisture has a great influence on communication. On the other hand, for example, in the heating in the microwave oven, the inside of the tree 10 can be cooked by electromagnetic waves in the same manner as the inside of the plant. Therefore, the latter effect becomes more obvious inside the tree 10 among the above assumptions. it is conceivable that.
従って、樹木10の内部には何らかの電磁波が侵入しているものと考えられ、RFIDタグ30はコイルアンテナ32を有するので磁界動作になる。空気中から樹木10の内部に侵入する磁界(磁力線)をコイルアンテナ32へ効率的に誘引するには、RFIDタグ30は、リーダライタ装置40から出力される放射電波41の進行方向に対して平行、すなわち、樹木10において「平置き」よりも「縦置き」の状態で装着するのが望ましい。
Therefore, it is considered that some electromagnetic waves enter the inside of the tree 10, and the RFID tag 30 has a coil antenna 32, so that it operates as a magnetic field. In order to efficiently attract a magnetic field (line of magnetic force) that enters the tree 10 from the air to the coil antenna 32, the RFID tag 30 is parallel to the traveling direction of the radiated radio wave 41 output from the reader / writer device 40. In other words, it is desirable that the tree 10 be mounted in a “vertically placed” state rather than “flatly placed”.
なお、上述したように、樹木10の内部では、水分の誘電率により波長短縮を受けることから、これを考慮した上でRFIDタグ30のコイルアンテナ32の共振周波数を調整しておくことで、通信の感度をより向上させることができる。図示するように、放射電波41の空気中における波長をλとし、樹木10の内部での短縮された波長をλpとすると、
λp=λ/√(樹木内部の比誘電率)
となる。ここで、水の比誘電率は80であることから、水分が多い部分では波長は1/9程度にまで短縮されることになる。一方で、乾いた木材などでは比誘電率が2程度であることもあり、この場合は1/1.4程度の短縮にとどまる。 As described above, since the wavelength is shortened by the dielectric constant of moisture inside thetree 10, the resonance frequency of the coil antenna 32 of the RFID tag 30 is adjusted in consideration of this, thereby enabling communication. The sensitivity can be further improved. As shown in the figure, when the wavelength of the radiated radio wave 41 in the air is λ and the shortened wavelength inside the tree 10 is λ p ,
λ p = λ / √ (relative permittivity inside the tree)
It becomes. Here, since the relative dielectric constant of water is 80, the wavelength is shortened to about 1/9 in the portion where the moisture is high. On the other hand, the relative permittivity of dry wood or the like may be about 2, and in this case, the reduction is only about 1 / 1.4.
λp=λ/√(樹木内部の比誘電率)
となる。ここで、水の比誘電率は80であることから、水分が多い部分では波長は1/9程度にまで短縮されることになる。一方で、乾いた木材などでは比誘電率が2程度であることもあり、この場合は1/1.4程度の短縮にとどまる。 As described above, since the wavelength is shortened by the dielectric constant of moisture inside the
λ p = λ / √ (relative permittivity inside the tree)
It becomes. Here, since the relative dielectric constant of water is 80, the wavelength is shortened to about 1/9 in the portion where the moisture is high. On the other hand, the relative permittivity of dry wood or the like may be about 2, and in this case, the reduction is only about 1 / 1.4.
図3は、「縦置き」状態のRFIDタグとリーダライタ装置との間の通信の動作原理の例について概要を説明する図である。リーダライタ装置40から出力された放射電波41の電磁界について、図中では電界を省略して磁界のみを磁力線で示しているが、磁力線は、放射電波41の進行方向に沿って、位相を反転させたループが連続する形で発生する。これがRFIDタグ30の図示しないコイルアンテナ32に誘導電流33を発生させることで電磁結合する。このループ状の磁力線を有効に捉えるためには、RFIDタグ30(コイルアンテナ32)は、図示するように「縦置き」であるのが望ましい。
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an outline of an example of an operation principle of communication between the RFID tag in the “vertical placement” state and the reader / writer device. Regarding the electromagnetic field of the radiated radio wave 41 output from the reader / writer device 40, the electric field is omitted in the figure and only the magnetic field is indicated by magnetic lines of force, but the magnetic line of force reverses the phase along the traveling direction of the radiated radio wave 41. The generated loop is generated continuously. This is electromagnetically coupled by generating an induced current 33 in a coil antenna 32 (not shown) of the RFID tag 30. In order to effectively capture the loop-shaped magnetic field lines, the RFID tag 30 (coil antenna 32) is desirably “vertically placed” as illustrated.
図7は、「平置き」状態のRFIDタグとリーダライタ装置との間の通信の動作原理の例について概要を説明する図である。図7(a)では、図3の例の場合と異なり、RFIDタグ30が「平置き」されている。この場合、RFIDタグ30のコイルアンテナ32のなす面の方向44と電波の進行方向45とのなす角をθとすると、図示しないコイルアンテナ32には互いに反対向き(θ=90°で同相)の誘導電流33が流れようとする。その結果、コイルアンテナ32上でこれらの誘導電流33が打ち消し合い、電流の差分が出ない結果として電流が流れにくくなることから、通信の感度は大きく低下してしまう。
FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining an outline of an example of an operation principle of communication between an RFID tag in a “flat” state and a reader / writer device. In FIG. 7A, unlike the example of FIG. 3, the RFID tag 30 is “flatly placed”. In this case, assuming that the angle formed by the direction 44 of the surface of the coil antenna 32 of the RFID tag 30 and the traveling direction 45 of the radio wave is θ, the coil antenna 32 (not shown) is opposite to each other (θ = 90 ° and in phase). The induced current 33 is about to flow. As a result, these induced currents 33 cancel each other on the coil antenna 32, and as a result of no current difference being generated, it becomes difficult for the current to flow, so the communication sensitivity is greatly reduced.
「平置き」状態のRFIDタグ30と実効的に通信を行うためには、図7(b)に示すように、リーダライタ装置40をRFIDタグ30に近接させて、近接電波43により、図示しないコイルアンテナ32に相互誘導により誘導電流33を発生させることになる。
In order to effectively communicate with the RFID tag 30 in the “flat” state, as shown in FIG. 7B, the reader / writer device 40 is brought close to the RFID tag 30 and is not shown by the proximity radio wave 43. The induction current 33 is generated in the coil antenna 32 by mutual induction.
この場合は、近接電波43が広がりのある有限の大きさであることや、θが90°からずれることなどから、コイルアンテナ32に発生する同相の誘導電流33に差分が出やすい。その結果、コイルアンテナ32上に差分電流が流れ、RFIDタグ30は通信を行うことが可能である。しかしながら、この場合は、近接電波43を利用するため、電磁気学において公知であるように、強度が距離の2乗から3乗に反比例して弱くなることから、リーダライタ装置40をRFIDタグ30(すなわち樹木10)に相当程度近づけなければならないという制約を有する。
In this case, a difference is likely to occur in the in-phase induced current 33 generated in the coil antenna 32 because the proximity radio wave 43 has a wide finite size, θ shifts from 90 °, and the like. As a result, a differential current flows on the coil antenna 32, and the RFID tag 30 can communicate. However, in this case, since the proximity radio wave 43 is used, the intensity becomes weaker in inverse proportion to the square to the third power of the distance, as is well known in electromagnetics. In other words, there is a restriction that it must be close to the tree 10).
なお、近接電波43ではなく、図3の例に示したように放射電波41を用いる場合、電磁気学において公知であるように、強度は距離の1乗に反比例して弱くなることから、距離による減衰の程度は近接電波43に比べて少ない。UHF帯では磁力線の半波長(ループ1つあたりの直径)は約16cm程度であり、このオーダーの距離であれば減衰があったとしても通信が可能である。一方で、HF帯の放射電波41では磁力線の半波長が約11mと長く、このオーダーの距離では通信が不可能な程度にまで出力が減衰してしまう。従って、放射電波41を利用して実効的な距離でリーダライタ装置40によりRFIDタグ30と通信を行うためにはUHF帯を用いるのが望ましく、本実施の形態ではUHF帯を用いるものとする。
When the radiated radio wave 41 is used as shown in the example of FIG. 3 instead of the proximity radio wave 43, the intensity becomes weaker in inverse proportion to the first power of the distance, as is well known in electromagnetics. The degree of attenuation is less than that of the proximity radio wave 43. In the UHF band, the half-wavelength (diameter per loop) of the magnetic field lines is about 16 cm, and communication is possible even with attenuation if the distance is in this order. On the other hand, in the HF band radiated radio wave 41, the half wavelength of the magnetic field lines is as long as about 11 m, and the output is attenuated to such an extent that communication is impossible at this order distance. Therefore, in order to communicate with the RFID tag 30 by the reader / writer device 40 at an effective distance using the radiated radio wave 41, it is desirable to use the UHF band. In this embodiment, the UHF band is used.
上述したように、樹木10の内部にRFIDタグ30を埋め込んで装着した場合、樹木10が含有する水分による影響が問題となり得る。そこで、水分含有量が異なる数種類の植物等について、実際に本実施の形態の手法によりRFIDタグ30を埋め込んで装着し、リーダライタ装置40によりこれを読み取ることができるかについて、リーダライタ装置40からの電波出力毎に読み取り可能な距離(飛距離感度)を測定した。なお、複数種類の電波出力値について測定を行っているのは、樹木に埋め込んだRFIDタグ30が、樹木の成長にともなって樹木表面から相対的に内部に位置することになり、リーダライタ装置40からRFIDタグ30までの距離が増加してしまう場合の影響の有無を把握するためである。
As described above, when the RFID tag 30 is embedded and attached to the inside of the tree 10, the influence of moisture contained in the tree 10 may be a problem. Therefore, from the reader / writer device 40, it is determined whether the RFID tag 30 can be actually embedded and attached by using the method of the present embodiment and read by the reader / writer device 40 for several types of plants having different moisture contents. The readable distance (flying distance sensitivity) was measured for each radio wave output. Note that a plurality of types of radio wave output values are measured because the RFID tag 30 embedded in the tree is positioned relatively inside the tree surface as the tree grows, and the reader / writer device 40 This is for ascertaining whether or not there is an influence when the distance from the RFID tag 30 to the RFID tag 30 increases.
図4は、本実施の形態の手法により樹木等に装着されたRFIDタグについて読み取り実験を行った結果の概要を示した図である。図では、試料(樹木等の植物)の水分含有量の特性毎に、電波出力毎の飛距離感度(通信可能な距離)の測定結果を示している。なお、実験では、比較のために、本実施の形態の装着方法(「縦置き」)に対して、従来技術の装着方法(「平置き」)によって装着されたRFIDタグ30ついても合わせて測定し、結果を示している。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of a result of a reading experiment performed on an RFID tag attached to a tree or the like by the method of the present embodiment. In the figure, the measurement results of the flight distance sensitivity (communication possible distance) for each radio wave output are shown for each characteristic of the water content of the sample (plant such as a tree). In the experiment, for comparison, the RFID tag 30 attached by the conventional attachment method (“flat placement”) is also measured for the attachment method of the present embodiment (“vertical placement”). And show the results.
水分含有量の特性が異なる試料として、1.比較的水分の少ない試料、2.一般的な水分含有量の試料、3.比較的水分の多い試料、4.ほとんど水分の試料、5.比較的油分の多い試料、の5種類の試料を用いて測定した。なお、各試料の具体的な属性情報は以下の通りである。
As samples with different moisture content characteristics: 1. Sample with relatively little moisture; 2. Sample of general moisture content 3. Sample with relatively high moisture content 4. almost moisture sample, Measurement was performed using five types of samples, samples having a relatively high oil content. Specific attribute information of each sample is as follows.
1.比較的水分の少ない試料
椿の生木丸太(伐採後3日経過)、樹齢30年、太さ9cm、長さ30cm
2.一般的な水分含有量の試料
しだれ桜の立木、樹齢16年、RFIDタグ装着位置は地上110cm
3.比較的水分の多い試料
柘植の立木、樹齢40年、太さ7.3cm、RFIDタグ装着位置は地上50cm
4.ほとんど水分の試料
大根、太さ6.5cm、長さ42cm、RFIDタグ装着位置は中央
5.比較的油分の多い試料
黒松の盆栽、樹齢60年、太さ3.6cm、RFIDタグ装着位置は地上28cm 1. Sample with relatively little moisture Persimmon log (3 days after cutting), 30 years old, 9 cm thick, 30 cm long
2. Sample of general moisture content Weeping cherry tree, 16 years old, RFID tag mounting position is 110cm above ground
3. Sample with relatively high moisture Tree-planted tree, 40 years old, 7.3cm thick, RFID tag is 50cm above ground
4). Almost moisture sample Radish, 6.5cm in thickness, 42cm in length, RFID tag is attached at the center. Sample with relatively high oil content Kuromatsu Bonsai, 60 years old, 3.6 cm thick, RFID tag is 28 cm above ground
椿の生木丸太(伐採後3日経過)、樹齢30年、太さ9cm、長さ30cm
2.一般的な水分含有量の試料
しだれ桜の立木、樹齢16年、RFIDタグ装着位置は地上110cm
3.比較的水分の多い試料
柘植の立木、樹齢40年、太さ7.3cm、RFIDタグ装着位置は地上50cm
4.ほとんど水分の試料
大根、太さ6.5cm、長さ42cm、RFIDタグ装着位置は中央
5.比較的油分の多い試料
黒松の盆栽、樹齢60年、太さ3.6cm、RFIDタグ装着位置は地上28cm 1. Sample with relatively little moisture Persimmon log (3 days after cutting), 30 years old, 9 cm thick, 30 cm long
2. Sample of general moisture content Weeping cherry tree, 16 years old, RFID tag mounting position is 110cm above ground
3. Sample with relatively high moisture Tree-planted tree, 40 years old, 7.3cm thick, RFID tag is 50cm above ground
4). Almost moisture sample Radish, 6.5cm in thickness, 42cm in length, RFID tag is attached at the center. Sample with relatively high oil content Kuromatsu Bonsai, 60 years old, 3.6 cm thick, RFID tag is 28 cm above ground
図4に示した実験結果において、1.比較的水分の少ない試料、2.一般的な水分含有量の試料、および5.比較的油分の多い試料、の3種類では、「平置き」状態で装着した場合には1cm以下というごく近接した距離でのみ読み取りが可能となっている。これに対し、「縦置き」状態で装着した場合には数cm~10数cm程度の距離まで読み取りが可能となっており、通信の実効性という点で「縦置き」の方が圧倒的に有利であることが分かる。
In the experimental results shown in FIG. 1. Sample with relatively little moisture; 4. a sample of general moisture content, and The three types of samples having a relatively high oil content can be read only at a very close distance of 1 cm or less when mounted in a “flat” state. On the other hand, when installed in the “vertical position” state, reading is possible up to a distance of several centimeters to several tens of centimeters, and “vertical position” is overwhelming in terms of communication effectiveness. It turns out to be advantageous.
一方で、3.比較的水分の多い試料、および4.ほとんど水分の試料、の2種類では、「平置き」状態で装着した場合には、1cm以下というごく近接した距離でのみ読み取りが可能であるのは変わらないものの、電波出力が24dBm程度まで下がっても比較的継続して読み取ることが可能であるという特性を有する。これに対し、「縦置き」状態で装着した場合には、30dBm程度の電波出力では数cm程度の距離まで読み取り可能であるものの、電波出力を下げると飛距離感度が読み取りが不可能なレベルまで急激に落ちるという傾向を有する。
On the other hand, 3. 3. a relatively wet sample, and Two types of samples, almost moisture samples, can be read only at a very close distance of 1 cm or less when mounted in a “flat” state, but the radio wave output is reduced to about 24 dBm. Has a characteristic that it can be read relatively continuously. On the other hand, when mounted in the “vertical position” state, a radio wave output of about 30 dBm can be read up to a distance of a few centimeters, but if the radio wave output is lowered, the flight distance sensitivity becomes unreadable. It has a tendency to fall sharply.
これは、試料中に水分が多いことから、水の高い誘電率によって試料内部では放射電波が波長短縮を受けるため、試料に埋め込まれたRFIDタグ30のコイルアンテナ32の同調がずれてしまうことにより著しい感度低下をきたしたものと推測される。
This is because, since the sample has a lot of moisture, the radiated radio wave is subjected to wavelength shortening inside the sample due to the high dielectric constant of water, and the tuning of the coil antenna 32 of the RFID tag 30 embedded in the sample is shifted. It is presumed that the sensitivity has decreased significantly.
そこで、本実施の形態では、RFIDタグ30のコイルアンテナ32が高い誘電率の媒質に直接さらされないよう、RFIDタグ30を低い誘電率の樹脂等によって覆うことでコーティングするという対策を施す。図5は、RFIDタグを樹脂等によってコーティングする場合の例について概要を示した図である。図示するように、例えば、RFIDタグ30の全面に対して、厚さ0.5mm程度で防水樹脂を被覆加工して、加工後のRFIDタグ30aを得る。なお、図1に例示した本実施の形態の手法により樹木10の内部に埋め込む際の容易性などを考慮して、できるだけ小型となるよう、被覆は厚くても1mm程度以下とするのが望ましい。
Therefore, in the present embodiment, a measure is taken to coat the RFID tag 30 by covering it with a low dielectric constant resin or the like so that the coil antenna 32 of the RFID tag 30 is not directly exposed to a medium having a high dielectric constant. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of an example in which an RFID tag is coated with resin or the like. As shown in the figure, for example, the entire surface of the RFID tag 30 is coated with a waterproof resin with a thickness of about 0.5 mm to obtain a processed RFID tag 30a. In consideration of the ease of embedding in the tree 10 by the method of the present embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, it is desirable that the coating is about 1 mm or less even if it is thick so as to be as small as possible.
上記の実験では、被覆の厚さを0.5mmとした「対策1」と、被覆の厚さを1.0mmとした「対策2」の2種類のRFIDタグ30aを別途用意して同様の測定を行った(3.比較的水分の多い試料では、「対策2」のみ実施)。図4ではこの測定結果についても示している。これによれば、上記の水分対策を施すことにより、単なる「縦置き」に対して飛距離感度が大幅に改善することが明らかである。また、電波出力の低下に対して飛距離感度をある程度保てることも示されている。
In the above experiment, two types of RFID tags 30a, “Countermeasure 1” with a coating thickness of 0.5 mm and “Countermeasure 2” with a coating thickness of 1.0 mm, are separately prepared and subjected to the same measurement. (3. Only “Countermeasure 2” was implemented for samples with relatively high water content). FIG. 4 also shows this measurement result. According to this, it is clear that by taking the above-mentioned countermeasure against moisture, the flight distance sensitivity is greatly improved with respect to simple “vertical placement”. It has also been shown that flight distance sensitivity can be maintained to some extent against a decrease in radio wave output.
従って、上記の対策は、例えば、樹木10の成長に伴ってRFIDタグ30が幹の中心付近に取り残されるなど、RFIDタグ30と樹皮11との距離が大きくなった場合の樹木10内部での電波減衰の影響を緩和し、また、樹木10の水分含有量の変化による影響も緩和することができるという効果を有する。また、当然ながら、防水被覆を施すことにより内部のRFIDタグ30が保護されることによる故障の低減という効果も有する。
Therefore, for example, the above-mentioned countermeasure is based on the radio wave inside the tree 10 when the distance between the RFID tag 30 and the bark 11 becomes large, for example, the RFID tag 30 is left in the vicinity of the center of the trunk as the tree 10 grows. It has the effect that the influence of attenuation can be reduced and the influence caused by the change in the water content of the tree 10 can also be reduced. Naturally, the application of the waterproof coating also has the effect of reducing failure due to the protection of the internal RFID tag 30.
なお、上記の対策を施したとしても、樹木10の成長に伴ってRFIDタグ30が幹の中心付近に取り残された場合、将来的に樹木10の外部からはRFIDタグ30を読み取ることができない状態となることも想定される。その場合は、更新用のRFIDタグ30を新たに埋め込んで装着するなど、運用によって対応することも可能である。当該運用方法は、例えば、RFIDタグ30が故障して通信できなくなった場合や、樹木10の寿命がRFIDタグ30の耐用年数より長い(例えば、RFIDタグ30の耐用年数が数十年であるのに対し、樹木10の寿命が数百年)というような場合にも適用することができる。
Even if the above measures are taken, if the RFID tag 30 is left near the center of the trunk as the tree 10 grows, the RFID tag 30 cannot be read from the outside of the tree 10 in the future. It is also assumed that In such a case, it is possible to cope with the operation by, for example, newly embedding and mounting the RFID tag 30 for update. The operation method is, for example, when the RFID tag 30 fails and communication is impossible, or the life of the tree 10 is longer than the useful life of the RFID tag 30 (for example, the useful life of the RFID tag 30 is several tens of years). On the other hand, the present invention can be applied to a case where the life of the tree 10 is several hundred years).
また、本実施の形態では、RFIDタグ30を埋め込む対象を木質系の樹木10として説明しているが、電波に関与するのは誘電体であって、植物の種類は直接関係しない。従って、例えば、ソテツなどの観葉植物やサボテン、花卉、野菜など、木質系ではない植物にも適用することができる。また、植栽されて生存している植物に限らず、枯死したものや伐採した木材などについても、装着されたRFIDタグ30が正常であれば固体管理することができる。
Further, in the present embodiment, the target in which the RFID tag 30 is embedded is described as the woody tree 10, but it is the dielectric that is involved in the radio wave, and the type of plant is not directly related. Therefore, for example, it can also be applied to non-woody plants such as foliage plants such as cycads, cactuses, flower buds, and vegetables. Further, not only plants that are planted and alive, but also those that have withered or felled wood can be managed solidly if the mounted RFID tag 30 is normal.
以上に説明したように、本発明の一実施の形態である樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法によれば、樹木10に対してRFIDタグ30を「縦置き」によって埋め込んで装着することで、樹皮11を剥離して装着する場合に比べて樹木10に傷を付けるという点でのダメージを低減することができる。また、「平置き」によって装着する場合に比べてリーダライタ装置40との間の通信の実効性も大きく向上させることができる。さらに、RFIDタグ30に防水被覆加工を施すことで、通信の実効性をより一層向上させることができる。
As described above, according to the method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree, which is an embodiment of the present invention, the RFID tag 30 is embedded in the tree 10 by “vertical placement” and attached to the tree bark. The damage in that the tree 10 is scratched can be reduced as compared with the case where 11 is peeled off. In addition, the effectiveness of communication with the reader / writer device 40 can be greatly improved as compared with the case of mounting by “flat placement”. Furthermore, the effectiveness of communication can be further improved by applying a waterproof coating to the RFID tag 30.
また、RFIDタグ30を樹木10等に埋め込むことで正確に固体管理ができるようになるため、例えば、生育管理や、年輪の計数管理、防虫薬剤の処理履歴管理、防疫管理などを的確に行うことが可能となる。また、例えば、種無ぶどうや種無ビワ、種無甘柿など、種子で増殖しにくい植物の産地情報の管理やトレーサビリティーの強化を図ることも可能である。また、接木における台木と穂木の管理や、絶滅危惧種の管理、輸出入管理、盆栽の固体管理などを的確に行うことが可能となる。
In addition, since solid management can be performed accurately by embedding the RFID tag 30 in the tree 10 or the like, for example, growth management, annual ring count management, insecticide treatment history management, epidemics management, and the like are accurately performed. Is possible. In addition, for example, it is possible to manage the production area information of plants that are difficult to grow on seeds, such as seedless grapes, seedless loquats, and seedless sweet potatoes, and to enhance traceability. In addition, it is possible to accurately manage rootstocks and spikelets in grafting, endangered species management, import / export management, and bonsai solid management.
以上、本発明者によってなされた発明を実施の形態に基づき具体的に説明したが、本発明は上記の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更可能であることはいうまでもない。例えば、上記の実施の形態は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、上記の実施の形態の構成の一部について、他の構成の追加・削除・置換をすることが可能である。
As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to the one having all the configurations described. In addition, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of the above-described embodiment.
本発明は、樹木を固体管理するためのRFIDタグの装着方法に利用可能である。
The present invention can be used for an RFID tag mounting method for solid-state management of trees.
10…樹木、11…樹皮、12…木部、13…くさび状孔、
20、21…工具、
30、30a…RFIDタグ、31…ICチップ、32…コイルアンテナ、33…誘導電流、
40…リーダライタ装置、41…放射電波、42…高周波電流、43…近接電波、44…コイルアンテナ32のなす面の方向、45…電波の進行方向。 10 ... tree, 11 ... bark, 12 ... xylem, 13 ... wedge,
20, 21 ... Tool,
30, 30a ... RFID tag, 31 ... IC chip, 32 ... coil antenna, 33 ... induced current,
DESCRIPTION OFSYMBOLS 40 ... Reader / writer apparatus, 41 ... Radiated radio wave, 42 ... High frequency current, 43 ... Proximity radio wave, 44 ... Direction of surface formed by coil antenna 32, 45 ... Direction of radio wave traveling.
20、21…工具、
30、30a…RFIDタグ、31…ICチップ、32…コイルアンテナ、33…誘導電流、
40…リーダライタ装置、41…放射電波、42…高周波電流、43…近接電波、44…コイルアンテナ32のなす面の方向、45…電波の進行方向。 10 ... tree, 11 ... bark, 12 ... xylem, 13 ... wedge,
20, 21 ... Tool,
30, 30a ... RFID tag, 31 ... IC chip, 32 ... coil antenna, 33 ... induced current,
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (6)
- 樹木の内部にRFIDタグを埋め込んで装着する、樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法であって、
前記樹木の表面から前記樹木の中心方向に向かってくさび状孔を形成する工程と、
前記くさび状孔に、前記RFIDタグを、前記RFIDタグのコイルアンテナのなす面が前記くさび状孔の位置において前記樹木の表面に直交する状態で挿入する工程と、を有する、樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法。 A method of attaching an RFID tag to a tree, in which an RFID tag is embedded and attached to a tree,
Forming a wedge-shaped hole from the surface of the tree toward the center of the tree;
Inserting the RFID tag into the wedge-shaped hole in a state in which the surface formed by the coil antenna of the RFID tag is orthogonal to the surface of the tree at the position of the wedge-shaped hole. How to wear. - 請求項1に記載の樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法において、
前記RFIDタグは、UHF帯により通信を行うものである、樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法。 In the mounting method of the RFID tag to the tree of Claim 1,
The RFID tag is a method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree, wherein the RFID tag performs communication using a UHF band. - 請求項1に記載の樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法において、
前記RFIDタグは、5mm角、厚さ1mm以下の大きさである、樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法。 In the mounting method of the RFID tag to the tree of Claim 1,
The RFID tag has a size of 5 mm square and a thickness of 1 mm or less, and the RFID tag is attached to a tree. - 請求項3に記載の樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法において、
前記くさび状孔は、前記くさび状孔の内面と、前記くさび状孔に挿入された前記RFIDタグの各表面との間の距離がそれぞれ3mm以下となるような大きさである、樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法。 In the mounting method of the RFID tag to the tree of Claim 3,
The wedge-shaped hole has a size such that the distance between the inner surface of the wedge-shaped hole and each surface of the RFID tag inserted into the wedge-shaped hole is 3 mm or less, respectively. How to attach the tag. - 請求項1に記載の樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法において、
前記RFIDタグは、各表面に防水樹脂による被覆を有する、樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法。 In the mounting method of the RFID tag to the tree of Claim 1,
The RFID tag is a method for attaching an RFID tag to a tree, wherein each surface has a coating made of waterproof resin. - 請求項5に記載の樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法において、
前記RFIDタグの各表面における前記被覆の厚さは、それぞれ1mm以下である、樹木へのRFIDタグの装着方法。 In the mounting method of the RFID tag to the tree of Claim 5,
The method for mounting an RFID tag on a tree, wherein the thickness of the coating on each surface of the RFID tag is 1 mm or less.
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JP2006115768A (en) * | 2004-10-21 | 2006-05-11 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | Vegetable management method |
JP2012024034A (en) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-02-09 | Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd | Traceability for garden tree using ic tag |
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