WO2015062150A1

WO2015062150A1 - Modified bentonite for ecological environment recovery and application method for same

Info

Publication number: WO2015062150A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/090775
Authority: WO
Inventors: 尹无忌
Original assignee: 尹无忌
Priority date: 2013-11-04
Filing date: 2013-12-27
Publication date: 2015-05-07

Abstract

A modified bentonite for stabilising heavy metal ions in ecological environments, comprising bentonite, water-soluble aluminium salt, and any selection of a first auxiliary component; a modified bentonite for purifying gases, comprising bentonite, water-soluble silicate and/or water-soluble phosphate and any selection of a second auxiliary component.

Description

Modified bentonite for ecological environment restoration and application method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to a modified bentonite for ecological environment restoration, in particular to a modified bentonite which can be used for stabilizing heavy metal ions in soil and water contaminated by heavy metals in an ecological environment, and PM2.5 pollutants and purification pollution in the atmosphere of a purification area. Modified bentonite from a source of matter. Background technique

The development of human civilization, the bursting of various resources and the application of deep processing, the earth's ecological environment has caused more serious pollution, especially the heavy metal pollution of the ecological environment and the pollution of PM2.5 in the ecological atmosphere. Among them, the malignant pollution and accumulation of heavy metal elements in the ecological environment caused by human production and life are becoming more and more serious. It has already shown harm to the ecological chain of the ecological environment, and has also caused obvious harm to human beings at the top of the biological chain, such as Japan. "Water sputum disease", high incidence of cancer in the country and causing disease in human liver, kidney, nervous system, blood system until death, and heavy metals such as "poisonous cadmium rice", "lead corn", "poisonous shrimp" The occurrence of animal husbandry and fishery products has occurred frequently, and the accumulation of water and soil pollution in some ecological areas has in fact become a dangerous area for human beings to live in. In fact, the more serious hidden danger that we have neglected by our human beings is the spread and accumulation of heavy metal elements, which may lead to the killing and even extinction of the Earth's stable evolution of tens of thousands of years to millions of years. Beneficial microbial populations and low-level algae, or may lead to abnormal variability of low-level biota and the outbreak of harmful low-level biota, and ultimately human science and technology ability is difficult to cope with and endanger human stability.

In the 1950s, the pollution problems of heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, 3⁄4Φ, copper, zinc, chromium, manganese, nickel, etc. have attracted widespread attention. Up to now, repairing heavy metal contaminated soil has been an international difficulty. Hot research topics. It is polluted by heavy metals or even heavily polluted with ecological areas rich in "poisonous cadmium rice, lead rice, mercury fish". First, the pollution surface area is wide and deep. Second, the heavy metal ion content in the soil and water body of the polluted ecological area is relative to the pollution source. In fact, it is still a low concentration of heavy metal. It has brought certain difficulties to the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil.

At the same time, regional composite air pollution characterized by PM2.5 and acid rain and ozone ((3⁄4)) is also increasingly prominent. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 ods in ambient air. , also known as fine particles. PM2.5 is derived from primary particulate matter emissions, but also from secondary reactions generated by secondary reactions of precursors such as S(:) ₂ , N() _x , V()CS, NH _{3 ,} etc. Particulate matter, these primary particulate matter and secondary particulate gaseous precursors, using current conventional dust removal and dust removal measures such as the best electric dust removal and bag dust removal or electric bag combined dust removal facilities can not be captured at all: Ι 0, more capture Can not collect PM2.5, even water washing or water curtain dusting and foam dust removal can only capture part of the hydrophilic particles, the current effective method is only membrane filtration, but the membrane filtration method can only capture more than 100 nanometers of particles, Ineffective for fine particles (<0. hmi) and gaseous precursors, Investment and energy consumption are too large to be widely used. Compared with coarser atmospheric particulates, PM2.5 has a small particle size, is rich in a large amount of toxic and harmful substances, and has a long residence time in the atmosphere and a long transport distance.

The chemical composition of PM2.5 fine particles mainly includes organic carbon compounds, elemental carbon, sulfates, acid salts, ammonium salts, and other common components including various metal elements, including pin, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, iron and other crusts. The rich content of elements, there are also a large number of heavy metal elements derived from human pollution such as lead, zinc, antimony, cadmium and copper, among which the organic carbon compound is the highest content component in fine particles.

Sources of PM2.5 In addition to a small number of "natural sources" and serious "human sources", gaseous precursor pollutants in the atmosphere will generate secondary particles through atmospheric chemical reactions, achieving phase-to-particle phase from gas to particles. Conversion, such as S0 ₂ +3⁄40→H ₂ S0 ₃ , N0 ₂ +H ₂ 0→HN0 ₃ , HN0 ₃ +NH ₃ →NH ₄ N0 ₃ , salt hydrates such as xCI»yH ₂ 0, xNCVy3⁄40, xS0 ₄ ' H ₂ 0, as the humidity changes, the hydrate has a greater influence on PM2.5. The water not only forms a hydrate with the salt compound, but also forms a small solution droplet of the salt due to the change of humidity.

Although fine particulate matter is only a component of the Earth's atmospheric composition, it has an important influence on air quality and visibility. Meteorologists and medical experts believe that the haze weather caused by fine particles has a great impact on human health and the quality of the atmospheric environment. The physiological structure of the human body determines that there is no filtering or blocking ability for PM2.5, and it can directly enter the human body. Absorption, including asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular disease, PM2.5 will also combine with hemoglobin in the body, damage the ability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen, lose blood, harmful gases, heavy metals, etc. dissolved in the blood, harm Human health, shortening human life (World Bank issued a report that China's air pollution has reduced the life expectancy of urban residents by 18 years), and even induced cancer. According to CNN's July 16th, 20i3, Environmental Research Letters recently published a new research report saying that the number of people killed by air pollution in the world has exceeded 2 million each year. Mainly due to the increase in the concentration of suspended particulate matter such as PM2.5 in the atmosphere, causing damage to the human lungs. The smallest particles in the PM2.5 particles are less than or equal to 100 nanometers and can pass directly through the cell membrane to other organs, including the brain. Studies have shown that these fine particles may cause brain damage (including Alzheimer's disease). What is more seriously ignored by human civilization is that the heavy metals floating in the Earth's atmosphere in PM2.5 are toxic to the microbial population of the Earth's ecosystem and are largely floating in the Earth's atmosphere and can rise above the stratosphere. Organic carbon compounds may pose an unpredictable and serious hazard to higher organisms, including our human existence.

In view of the direct and serious impact of PM2.5 on environmental weather quality and human health, the World Health Organization's standard for PM2.5 is set to a safe value of 10 grams per cubic meter of PM2.5, the Chinese government for PM2. The standard setting of 5 is less than 75 micrograms per cubic meter of PM2.5 as a safe value. However, the reality is that many cities in the big cities are still over 100 days due to severe PM2.5 exceeding the standard. For example, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing exceeds 6~7, and PM2.5 in some areas often reaches 300~500 μg/m3, people have to wear a comfort mask when they go out. To this end, developed countries in Europe and the United States, including the Chinese government, have adopted active and comprehensive national policy responses, and have developed stricter standards and monitoring systems in an effort to control various sources of pollution. However, due to the lack of a direct and effective economic approach, Governments are still struggling with this, and even some related policies and The implementation standards are difficult to introduce.

In the PM2.5 treatment method, the currently recognized effective treatment methods include: 1. Filtration methods, including air conditioners, humidifiers, air fresheners, etc., have the advantage of significantly reducing the concentration of PM2.5 particles in local limited space, disadvantages The filter membrane needs to be cleaned or replaced; 2. Water adsorption method, indoor ultrasonic atomizer, indoor water curtain, pool, fish tank, etc., can absorb hydrophilic Ph 12.5 particles in the air, the disadvantage is increased humidity, hydrophobic PM2. 5 particles can not be effectively removed; 3, plant absorption method, 3] 4 楦楦 leaves absorb harmful gases and PM2.5 particles, the advantage is that can produce favorable gas, the disadvantage is low efficiency, some plants will produce harmful gases; 4, negative ion deposition The method uses a negative ion generator to release small particle size negative ions to a local space to capture floating dust, causing it to agglomerate and precipitate, thereby purifying the air. When the negative ion concentration reaches 20,000/cm ³ , the airborne dust is reduced. Smaller than 98%, the smaller the diameter of the fly ash, the easier it is to precipitate, so in air with high concentration of negative ions, below the diameter limi Dust, bacteria, viruses, etc. is almost zero. According to the standards published by the World Health Organization, when the concentration of negative ions in the air reaches 1200 per cubic centimeter, it can be called fresh air.

Although the above governance methods have certain effects on local space, they are very weak for comprehensively solving the pollution problem of PM2.5 in the global environment. The PM2.5 distribution maps produced by internationally renowned scientists using satellite measurement data and computer simulation information show that China will be in the future. In densely populated and economically developed areas, many of them will be in areas with the highest concentration of fine particles, and the world's Ph 12.5 pollution will face a severe situation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new, simple and straightforward, economical approach to solving PM2.5 emissions and atmospheric or ambient air purification problems.

For the problem of heavy metal pollution in the ecological environment, the ecological environment restoration method has been actively pursued at home and abroad. For example, the Chinese patent No. 200910094214, 9 discloses a method for anodic liquid leaching and enhanced electric repair of heavy metal contaminated soil. The method has a narrow adaptation range, and is only effective in some conditions T in practical applications, and the cost is high.

The Chinese patent No. 20i31019:i073.9 discloses a process for treating heavy metal contaminated soil, and proposes a method of adding a strong base (calcium oxide, magnesium oxide) pH adjuster to the soil and mixing the soil evenly. After that, add apatite and sulfide as a heavy metal curing agent together with the soil and continue to maintain the mixture, in order to solidify the heavy metals in the soil to form the acid salt and sulfide. The method is first or foremost economic or not. The microbial salaries and the biological functions of the plant roots, if the phosphates and sulfides of the solidified heavy metals are not toxic to microorganisms and plants, they will eventually be activated and decomposed.

Chinese Patent Application No. 201010288480,8 discloses a montmorillonite-containing curing agent for treating heavy metal contaminated soil, and proposes a kind of using 25-40% cement, 40-6% montmorillonite, 10-20 % quicklime is used as a curing agent, and then the curing agent is added to the soil by 10-20% by weight of the soil, and the cementing performance of the curing agent is higher than that of the building cement used in the market. The strength of the soil treated by the method is higher than that of the traditional "three-soil" (lime + cinder powder + clay) used in the construction of traditional water conservancy projects in China. The soil can be fully solidified and thoroughly squashed, but only solidified soil in a short period of time (equivalent to inferior concrete) Floor) instead of repairing the soil, in a naturally weathered environment and roots and alfalfa roots

T will be completely destroyed, and the montmorillonite is completely ossified and denatured by the cementation of cement and lime. The absorbing function of montmorillonite is completely lost. The montmorillonite can only play the filler and improve the construction workability. effect. Similarly, the application number is The Chinese patent of 201010288477.6 discloses a diatomaceous earth solidifying agent for treating heavy metal contaminated soil, and the application number is 2010288476,1 discloses a sepiolite-containing curing agent for treating heavy metal contaminated soil, and the application number 201010288479.5 The Chinese patent discloses a curing agent for the repair of soil contaminated with heavy metals. As mentioned above, it is proposed to use cement and lime as the main bonding force, diatomaceous earth or sepiolite or clay mineral as filler or The binder of the auxiliary binder (the diatomaceous earth has hydration activity in the cement and lime environment to cure) can completely cure the soil, but it is completely short-term curing hardened soil instead of repairing the soil. Soils solidified by such methods will be weathered and fractured under natural conditions, and will also be rapidly fragmented and weathered under the action of microorganisms, algae and plant roots and biological corrosion. Heavy metal throwing will migrate with soil erosion.

The Chinese patent "method and device for extracting heavy metal ions from soil", Patent No. 200910223493.4, proposes a device and method for extracting heavy metal ions in soil, which may be effective only under certain conditions, and should be effective under most conditions. Invalid, high cost, and secondary pollution.

Chinese Patent Application No. 201210458846.0 discloses a heavy metal stabilizer and a method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil, and provides a method using 40~50% sodium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium:), 20~25% bentonite, 25~30 A heavy metal stabilizer consisting of fluoroapatite, 4 to 6% sodium chloride (potassium), the stabilizer is a phosphate compound, which is solidified by the formation of a stable heavy metal phosphate mineral salt, which is lower in the composition of the agent. The proportion of bentonite acts as a suspension by adsorbing a floating agent, and the suspension is added to the soil and thoroughly mixed with the soil. The amount of the agent added is about 500 mg per kg of soil. This method has short-term stability to dry soil with high concentration and low concentration (low leaching rate and low migration in short term), but it is unrealistic for short-term stable treatment of normal low-concentration and large-area contaminated soil. The amount of soil above 6x 0 ⁶ kg, that is, the treatment cost per mu is more than 12 million yuan, and it is unable to cope with the long-term weathering and physiology, algae and higher plant roots. Corrosion is activated.

The Chinese patent No. 201210383318.3 discloses a curing agent for heavy metal contaminated soil repairing and heavy metal contaminated soil repairing method, and proposes a /3⁄440~60% sulphoaluminate cement, 30~45% silica fume, 5~15 % quicklime, which can also be added with surfactant to form a soil remediation curing agent. It is mixed with soil and sprayed with water. This is indeed a method for at least tempering the soil hardening and hardening, regardless of the leaching rate of heavy metals. How much (higher leaching rate should be restored after weathering or biocorrosion), the soil is hardened by the sulphoaluminate cement mineral and the calcium silicate mineral produced by the combination of silica fume and lime (when the amount is large, it is like a poor quality cement floor) Or when the ridge (3⁄4) is small, the soil will be granulated and the colloids in the soil will be destroyed. It is unrealistic to talk about repairing.

The Chinese patent No. 201110259518.3 discloses a composite functional polymer which has both water-reducing and heavy metal stability, and provides a water-reducing polymer which can be used for cement. The essence of the specification is actually a cement^ The water reducing agent can reduce the water requirement of the cement mixture for curing the waste incineration fly ash, so that the solidified cement block is denser and the compactness is higher. It can only be used for the solidification of the "fly ash" in the short term. The organic matter will break down.

Commonly used contaminated site remediation technologies at home and abroad mainly include excavation, stabilization/curing (s / s), chemical leaching, gas Lifting, heat treatment, bioremediation (mainly covering trees), the most researched and applied are S / S technology, including cement deuteration, lime fire ash curing, plastic material containment curing, vitrification technology, and chemical stabilization. In the stabilization technology, the purpose of adding chemicals is to change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and to change heavy metals in the soil through ρΗ control technology, redox potential technology, precipitation technology, suction technology, ion exchange technology, molecular bonding technology, etc. The presence of the plexus reduces its bioavailability and mobility. However, due to the current various technical methods, the effect evaluation is based on the short-term toxicity immersion Lii test in the laboratory, such as the implementation of the US ERA standard TCLP toxicity leaching procedure test, MEP multi-stage extraction procedure test, the European Community Standards Bureau. BCR method, and China's "Dangerous waste identification standard leaching toxicity identification" (GB5085.3-2007), "Law leaching toxicity leaching method" (horizontal oscillation method - HJ557-2009), (sulfuric acid nitric acid method - HJ / T299-2007), (Acetate buffer solution method HJ7T300-2007), these methods actually stay on the "curing of pollutants" rather than the physical restoration of the polluted ecological environment, and even the non-curing of the contaminated soil Remediation, the long-term weathering of the ecosystems that do not really consider nature, and the active corrosive action of the microbial population and the roots of all grades will inevitably lead to the so-called "cure" failure, especially without considering the low-algae and various grades of plant roots against phosphate stabilizers. The preference for bio-corrosion of minerals has not been concerned with the pollution treatment of contaminated ecosystem waters. However, heavy metal pollution in large-scale ecological areas has become an unavoidable reality. A considerable local environmental area is actually inhuman. Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a modified bentonite containing an aluminum salt, which can be used as a low concentration heavy metal ion stabilizer in contaminated soil and water, and is used in an ecological environment, especially a polluted area ecological environment. It can solve the problem of repairing soil and water ecological environment polluted by low concentration heavy metals, and has low cost and no biological toxicity to earth organisms; it provides a modified bentonite obtained by water glass and/or phosphate modification, which can The capture of primary fine particles in the air and secondary particulate gaseous precursor contaminants can purify the regional atmospheric PM2.5 or pollutant emission sources without causing secondary pollution. At the same time, the modified bentonite is economical.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a modified bentonite for the stabilization of heavy metal ions in an ecological environment, comprising a bentonite, a water-soluble aluminum salt and optionally a first auxiliary component.

In a preferred embodiment of the above modified bentonite, the amount of the water-soluble aluminum salt is from 2 to 30% by mass of the bentonite. In a specific embodiment of the modified bentonite, the water-soluble aluminum salt modifier is selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminum sulfate or aluminum sulfate, aluminum nitrate, sodium metaaluminate, At least one of potassium metasilicate, lithium metaaluminate, basic aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum sulfate, polyaluminum ferric chloride, and polyaluminum ferric chloride.

In the above modified bentonite, the optional first auxiliary component comprises: the first auxiliary component may or may not be added. The first auxiliary component refers to a compound that does not cause soil solidification ridge or water pollution. In a specific embodiment, the first auxiliary component is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, carbon ammonia, sulfur ammonia, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, alkali, phosphate, At least one of a disinfectant, a silicate, a zeolite, a vermiculite, and the like. The disinfectant is an environmental disinfectant such as potassium permanganate, dichloroisocyanate, sodium hypochlorite or the like.

In a specific embodiment of the modified bentonite, the bentonite is a general term, such as sodium bentonite, sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, magnesium bentonite, lithium bentonite, which may be selected from montmorillonite mineral content greater than 65%. , aluminum hydrogen bentonite, organic and / or inorganic modified bentonite.

In the above modified bentonite, the modified bentonite can be obtained by a conventional process (preferably a thousand or a wet spray).

According to the present invention, the crystal structure of the montmorillonite (chemical formula: 4Si VAi ₂ 0 ₃ »H ₂ 0) in the bentonite is composed of two layers of siloxane tetrahedral sheets sandwiched by an aluminum octahedral sheet 2: I Type layered silicate, which has excellent physicochemical properties such as water absorption, dispersibility, lubricity and cation exchange, and makes full use of the ion exchange characteristics of montmorillonite: different inorganic cation exchanged montmorillonite to montmorillonite The environmental chemical behavior of the interlayer regions has different effects. The exchange capacity of ions between different cation-free and montmorillonite layers is mainly determined by the affinity of various ions, and the affinity is mainly controlled by the ionic radius and charge number and hydration energy. The higher the cationic electricity price, the stronger the replacement ability, and the ions with high electricity prices are difficult to be replaced once they are adsorbed on the montmorillonite. When the electricity price is the same, the displacement capacity increases as the ionic radius increases. Some ion exchange reactions in montmorillonite are reversible, and some ion exchange reactions are irreversible. It is modified with water-soluble aluminum salt to enhance the adsorption and exchange capacity of montmorillonite minerals on soil (liquid phase and liquefaction zone between soil particles) and heavy metal ions in water bodies, and heavy metal granules on plant ramets and leaf surface. The strong adsorption capacity of the fly ash causes the irreversible replacement of heavy metal cations, and the heavy metal ions are stabilized in the inner layer of the montmorillonite mineral cell or the inter-layer structure of the cell.

The modified bentonite according to the present invention can absorb heavy metal ions in the soil or water in the ecological environment, and can also strongly absorb the dust of the plant and the heavy metal powder on the leaf surface, thereby promoting irreversible replacement of heavy metal cations. Stabilize heavy metal ions to achieve the purpose of repairing the ecological environment.

For example, the modified bentonite may be used as a heavy metal ion stabilizer, or may be made into a soil repair (modification) compound fertilizer (such as ammonia, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate, and the first auxiliary component). «acid potassium, carbon nitrogen, sulphur ammonia, potassium carbonate, potassium sulphate, urea and phosphate, etc.), or as a water environment remediation agent or a water body environment remediation disinfectant (as useful with disinfectants), Repair contaminated ecological areas.

The above modified bentonite can be used in an ecological environment in a suitable practical manner, preferably in the form of a powder or a suspension for use in land or water. For example: For the restoration of land in heavy metal-contaminated ecological areas, the modified bentonite may be artificially or mechanically sprayed in the form of powder or suspended oil to contaminate the contaminated ecological area, or sprayed in the form of a suspended night. Crop areas or forest areas in polluted ecological areas; For the repair of water bodies in polluted ecological areas, the above modified bentonites may be applied to contaminated ecological areas by powdering or making suspended nights.

In a specific embodiment, the amount of modified bentonite applied per acre of land is from 50 to 500 kg, or the amount of modified bentonite applied per cubic meter of water is from 0.05 to 0.5 kg. The application can be completed once or in multiple times, or can be applied in excess, without any negative impact on the ecological environment. In the modified bentonite, the laminar space in the cell of the 3⁄4r is the main space irreversible replacement, flocculation and absorption

Collecting and concealing heavy metal ions, and forming smectite and space-restricted montmorillonite mineral cells, can effectively avoid the poisoning of microbial communities, and at the same time, can avoid harmful plant roots far larger than montmorillonite cells. The active corrosion captures the biological behavior of heavy metal ions, preventing heavy metal ions from being extracted and accumulated by plant roots.

The water-soluble aluminum salt is a modifier-modified bentonite, which can enhance the flocculation and adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions, and the second can strengthen the irreversible exchange capacity of heavy metal ions between montmorillonite layers, and can be used in an ecological environment. The surface of montmorillonite minerals produces a large amount of polymerized polynuclear hydroxyaluminum, which forms a large amount of soil polymer of SW A1 network structure, strengthens the stability of heavy metal ions, and hinders the extraction behavior of plant roots, which can effectively absorb pollution areas. Organic pollutants that mitigate or eliminate the contamination of groundwater by organic pollutants. The land and woodland used for cultivation are easy to infiltrate into the gaps of soil particles, increase and accumulate soil colloidal minerals, and one is beneficial to accumulate liquid phase or levy liquid phase to adsorb and collect the solubility dispersed in the gap of soil mineral particles by cation exchange. Heavy metal ions, the second is to improve the soil that has been squashed and sanded due to tillage and fertilization, especially the application of waste fertilizer or soil erosion; application to contaminated water bodies, flocculation and suction, and irreversible exchange of cations for collection. The smectite micro-fine cell layered space is the main space for hiding heavy metal ions to eliminate biological toxicity, while optimizing or purifying water quality.

According to the modified bentonite provided by the invention, the raw bentonite is a natural environmental repairing material, and the bentonite has a large storage area, abundant sources, simple modification method, low cost, and is used for in situ repair or online repair of contaminated materials. The ecological region is economically sustainable. The modified bentonite provided according to the present invention has no secondary pollution to the environment, is non-toxic to earth organisms, is beneficial to improving soil and water quality, and can improve the yield and income of soil and water. The rationally modified bentonite montmorillonite cell layered space as the main space and the greatly increased smectite surface "acid point" suction, collection and exchange of low concentration heavy metal ions have proven to be efficient, effective, and formed by suction, The irreversible stability of ion exchange is good, and the "soil polymer" structure characteristic of a large amount of Si-O-A1 network structure formed by aluminum salt modification can strengthen and ensure the stabilization effect, and the structure is not repeated with strong acid. It is difficult to desorb a large amount of desorption to release heavy metal ions. The adsorption and ion exchange stabilization of the heavy metal ions after the concealment treatment has eliminated the biological toxicity, does not cause interference and poison to the microbial population, and is difficult to extract and enrich the algae and plant roots. reliable.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a modified bentonite for purifying air (such as atmospheric PM2.5, PM10, and a pollutant discharge source), comprising bentonite, a water-soluble silicate, and/or a water-soluble polyacid salt, and The second auxiliary component selected.

The modified bentonite described above enhances the electrical absorbing aggregation of the negative particles to the fine particles of PM2.5, and enhances the particulate matter (such as PM2.5, that is, the aerodynamic equivalent diameter of the ambient air is equal to 2.5 micrometers, Also known as the fine-grained material's adsorption-adhesive ability, it achieves an efficient "large catch" effect. In addition, the modified bentonite can form an excellent adsorption capacity for metal ions and an irreversible exchange property for high-charge, large-diameter ions, and can absorb and stabilize heavy metal ions in a gas, thereby eliminating the biotoxicity of heavy metal ions. Therefore, the modified bentonite can be used for the removal of gaseous pollutants, such as a trapping agent for PM10, PM2, 5, etc., for the purification of air. According to one embodiment of the modified bentonite according to the present invention, the mass ratio of the water-soluble silicate and Z or water-soluble phosphate to bentonite is 65-2: 35-98

According to the modified bentonite of the present invention, the water-soluble silicate has the chemical formula OnSK) ₂ , wherein R ₂ () is a metal oxide, n is 1,0-4, 5, and the () It is selected from at least one of Ν (Χ Κ ₂ 0 and : Li ₂ ().

The water soluble silicate is used in the form of water glass. Wherein the mass ratio of the bentonite to the water glass is preferably

35-98: 65-2. The water glass may be, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium water glass, pin water glass, potassium water glass, modified lithium water glass, modified sodium water glass, and modified potassium water glass. The water glass is selected from at least one of anhydrous block water glass, anhydrous powder water glass, hydrazine water glass containing compound water, water hydrated glass, and liquid water glass.

In still another embodiment of the modified bentonite, the water soluble phosphate is preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium phosphate, tripolyphosphate, hexametaphosphate, and sodium pyrophosphate.

In the present invention, the optional second auxiliary component means that the modified bentonite may contain the second auxiliary component or may not contain the second auxiliary component. The second auxiliary component is a compound which does not antagonize the adsorption and absorption functions of the smectite-silica sol or the montmorillonite phosphate colloid. The content of the second auxiliary component is not more than 30% by weight based on the total mass of the water-soluble silicate and/or the water-soluble phosphate and the bentonite. When water glass is used as the modifier, the content of the second auxiliary is not more than 30% by weight based on the total weight of the bentonite and the water glass.

According to a specific embodiment of the above modified bentonite, the second auxiliary component is at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, inorganic salts, water-soluble polymer compounds, surfactants, oxidizing agents, and disinfectants. Preferably, the second auxiliary component is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, sodium carbonate, anionic or zwitterionic polymer compound, uranium metaaluminate, polyaluminum chloride, potassium aluminum sulfate, and high At least one of potassium manganate, sodium dichloroisocyanate, and the like. An oxidizing agent, a disinfectant or the like is added, and the modified bentonite can be made into an environmental or domestic air purifying disinfectant.

According to the modified bentonite described above, the bentonite is collectively referred to as, for example, "selectable from pin-based bentonite, lithium bentonite, sodium-calcified or magnesium-based or aluminum-hydrogen bentonite, inorganic and Z or organically modified. At least one of bentonite and acid activated bentonite.

The montmorillonite content in the above bentonite is more than 70% by weight, preferably more than 80% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight, most preferably more than 90%.

In the present invention, the natural environmental remediation material bentonite having strong adsorption capacity is used as a main trapping component, and a water-soluble silicate (such as water glass) and/or a water-soluble phosphate which can produce a strong absorbing nucleus is selected. (If necessary) Composite modification of bentonite, using a special reaction capacity and absorption of molecules with multiple negative charges to form a large amount of smectite silica sol mixture and / or montmorillonite - phosphate micelles (required) When the montmorillonite surface is negatively charged and the end face is negatively charged and modified to form negatively charged particles, one strengthens the negative absorption of the PM2.5 fine particles by the negatively charged particles, and the second enhances the fine particles ( For example, PM2.5, that is, particulate matter with ambient aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 levy, also known as fine particulate matter) and the adsorption adhesive capacity of gaseous pollutants, achieves high-efficiency "large catching small" agglomeration capture effect. Said modification Bentonite has a strong ability to adsorb and absorb VOCS, NH ₃ and S0 ₂ , N0 ₂ . At the same time, the formed alkaline montmorillonite composite sol-absorbing adhesive is very easy to absorb S0 ₂ and N0 ₂ (other nitrogen oxides are extremely unstable, and become light, wet or hot to become nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide, mono-oxidation Nitrogen turns into nitrogen dioxide again.

In addition, the ffl unit cell aggregate in the modified bentonite is decomposed to 0,02 with ~0.2 extremely fine crystal body (due to strong ability to absorb dust), and with silica sol and/or phosphoric acid micelles ( When necessary, a combination of smectite-silica sol and/or montmorillonite monophosphate micelles forms an excellent absorbing capacity for metal ions and irreversible exchange characteristics for high-charge, large-diameter ions, capable of adsorbing and stabilizing Heavy metal ions, eliminating the biological toxicity of heavy metal ions.

According to the present invention, a modified bentonite is provided for gas purification, such as a PM2.5 trapping agent, a PM10 scavenger or the like, which condenses a purge gas by absorption or absorption.

In a specific embodiment of the modified bentonite described above, the modified bentonite may be made into a wet fine powder or suspension, or made into a porous granular or block preparation, or adhered to a fiber fabric, or adhered to Or loaded on a sheet of organic or inorganic material, used to trap primary fine particles and secondary particulate gaseous precursor contaminants in a gas or gas stream, and agglomerate the purification gas by absorption ii.

For industrial and mining enterprises that use electric dust removal or bag dust removal or sedimentation plus cyclone dust removal or electric bag combined dust removal facilities to treat exhaust gas, the primary fine particles and secondary particle precursors in the exhaust gas can be modified to modify the present invention. The bentonite is made into a wet fine powder or a suspension is sprayed into the airflow of the exhaust gas dust removal system by one or more stages of spraying, such as spraying into the primary dust removal device to the secondary dust removal device and In the discharge pipe; or after the existing dust removal system, a gas pollutant trapping device (such as a PM2.5 trap) is added, and the modified bentonite is sprayed into the trap device by atomization, so that The PM2.5 particles and pollutants in the dust-removing exhaust gas are adsorbed and absorbed to be agglomerated and purified; or the modified bentonite is made into a porous granular or porous block or adhered to the fiber fabric or adhered or loaded on the film sheet. In the trapping device, the exhaust gas is condensed and condensed by adsorption and absorption; for the 釆釆 water washing or water curtain dust removing and foam dust removing treatment, the modified bentonite may be added In the water, a suspension glue containing the modified bentonite is prepared, and the fine particles and the secondary particle gaseous precursor are absorbed and absorbed to purify the exhaust gas; and the suitable amount of the modified bentonite is regarded as the exhaust gas after treatment. The test compliance requirements are determined.

For the industrial dust and mining area and the construction site, the modified bentonite suspension glue can be sprayed intermittently to prevent dust, and the fine particles and secondary particle precursors in the surrounding atmosphere can be sprayed with atomized spray. The modified bentonite suspension glue solution or the fiber fabric or sheet device to which the modified bentonite is adhered is subjected to adsorption, absorption and aggregation to capture and purify.

For fine particulate matter and secondary particulate gaseous precursors in the atmosphere of villages and towns, different types of purification devices may be disposed on both sides of the street and on the structure, and the fiber fabric or film sheet adhered or loaded with modified bentonite may be dispersed. (It can be used as a landscape decoration) to carry out adsorption and absorption condensation and purification; or to add appropriate amount of modified bentonite to water for fountains and water curtains: or to spray low-concentration modified bentonite suspension glue into the air liquid. For the local area where the PM2.5 fine particulate matter in the air is seriously polluted, the modified bentonite may be sprayed with high-altitude or high-alloy aircraft in a polluted atmosphere with a wet fine powder or suspension to absorb and absorb condensation. Fine particulate matter and secondary particulate gaseous precursors to purify the ambient atmosphere of the area.

According to the invention, the mixture of montmorillonite-silica sol and/or montmorillonite monophosphate micelle (if necessary) of modified bentonite can simultaneously adsorb agglomeration, adhesion, absorption reaction, ion exchange, and inter-layer The technical principles of adsorption and interface sorption stability can effectively agglomerate trapping pollutants such as PM2.5. The modified bentonite in the invention has wide source of raw materials, low cost, simple manufacture, simple use method, favorable promotion, and good economy; and can absorb and condense and purify fine particles, and absorb and absorb aggregated secondary particles. Precursor contaminants, which are proud of the atmospheric comprehensive treatment scheme of harmful gases such as molybdenum (including heavy metals) and organic matter, S0 ₂ , NOx and N3⁄4 in gas, are expected to solve the atmospheric pollution predicament caused by PM2.5. It is expected to mitigate or alleviate the harmful effects of acid rain on the ecological environment; it can solve the purification problem of industrial and mining enterprises' waste gas (such as PM2.5) according to the situation, the conditions and the economy, and can also flexibly solve the atmospheric purification in urban areas (such as PM2. 5) Problem; Also - can easily solve the problem of purification of the living room environment, and solve the pollution problem of the breeding and waste disposal sites. At the same time, the residue of the modified bentonite is not biologically toxic, and relatively easy to clean, use and dispose without secondary pollution to the environment, and can adsorb and stabilize heavy metal ions, and the disinfecting gas can contaminate heavy metal ions (such as PM2.5). Biological toxicity: It is expected to promote the research and deep development of inorganic environmental materials bentonite. 3⁄4, to promote the development of an emerging industrial cluster, increase the number of employment opportunities. Detailed ways

The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments, but does not constitute any limitation of the invention. Implementation down 1

Selecting and manually sorting dry sodium bentonite with an average content of 89% montmorillonite, using aluminum chloride as a modifier. When grinding, blending with aluminum chloride at a mass ratio of bentonite of 25%, grinding, That is, a modified bentonite for contaminating soil or water is prepared. Example 2

Manually sorting dry calcium-based bentonite, the average content of montmorillonite is 87%, using aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride as modifiers. When grinding, blending 3% aluminum sulfate and 3% according to the mass ratio of bentonite The polyaluminum chloride is ground together to form a modified bentonite for contaminating soil or water. Example 3

Select sodium bentonite powder, the average content of montmorillonite is 81%, using dehydrated alum powder and aluminum chloride powder as modifier, according to sodiumation The mass ratio of bentonite powder is 3% of dehydrated alum powder and 7% of aluminum chloride powder, and 2% of sodium dichloroisocyanate in the total mass ratio of bentonite and modifier is used as a disinfectant auxiliary component. The mixture is uniformly mixed to form a modified bentonite for contaminating soil or water. Example 4

Manually sorting dry calcium-based bentonite, the average content of montmorillonite is 90%, using aluminum chloride as a modifier, using potassium chloride, superphosphate, ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer auxiliary component, during grinding , according to the mass ratio of bentonite 18% with aluminum chloride, according to the total mass ratio of bentonite and aluminum chloride with 10% potassium chloride, 10% calcium superphosphate, 5% ammonium nitrate, together with grinding, to make a A modified bentonite used to contaminate soil. Example 5

Select gas-based bentonite, select polyaluminum chloride as modifier, and modify bentonite in bentonite to remove sand and add quaternary ammonium salt to the bentonite suspension (average montmorillonite content 95%), according to bentonite The mass ratio of 4'1⁄2 is blended into the polyaluminum ferric chloride and stirred together to form a heavy metal ion stabilizer for resuscitation of the liquid environment. After spray drying, a powdery modified bentonite is prepared. Example 6

The modified bentonite described in Example 1 is used as a heavy metal ion stabilizer for the ecological environment repair test, and the "rye seedling method", "pot experiment", "field test" commonly used in the evaluation of in situ repair effect, and The basic principle of the experimental evaluation method such as "oral bioavailability" is to select a 200-square-meter rectangular land and a 300-square-meter water pond that are heavily polluted by electroplating wastewater in a plated sputum area for ecological soil remediation test and ecological water restoration test.

Contrast test of soil ecological restoration: The selected 200 square meters of heavily polluted land is divided into three areas: A, B and C. The area A is a blank contrast area, and the B and C areas are the repair areas. According to the application standard of 500Kg per mu, 50Kg of the heavy metal ion stabilizer of Example 1 was randomly distributed in the 13⁄4 and C zones, and the A zone was zero: the land in the B zone was not tilled, and the land in the C zone was artificially plutonium and palladium. Plough; divided into A, :B, C-Ξ: spray water to wet the land, so that the stabilizer can penetrate into the gap between the soil particles; after standing for 10 days, in the normal cultivation method, the same in the A, B, C - Spinach was planted in three areas, and a considerable amount of alfalfa soil was placed in the middle of the A, B, and C _ areas, followed by equal watering and weeding. By the 60th day of inspection, the growth of spinach in the B and C areas was significantly better than that in the A area. The statistics of all the spinach in each area were extracted. The yields in the B and C areas were comparable, but they were 19% higher than the output in the A area. The area is well-healed, and there are many insects in the soil. There are no traces of cockroaches in the A area, and no insects are found. The spinach samples from the central part of each block are sent for inspection and analysis. The content of heavy metals in cadmium was abnormally abnormal, and the content of heavy metals in spinach in B and C areas was normal. The test results show that the heavy metal ion stabilizer can effectively absorb and stabilize the heavy metal ions in the soil particles, can eliminate the biological toxicity in the soil, and ensure the soil-loving organisms in the soil (such as cockroaches). It is safe for living organisms and can avoid the extraction and enrichment of heavy metal ions by plant roots, and can improve soil yield, which is reliable for soil ecological restoration.

Ecological restoration test of polluted pond waters; Investigation and on-site assessment This pond of about 300 square meters is a turbid dark green "death pool". It is reported that the frog can not produce scorpion frogs, and the healthy fish are put into it and die basically in one day. Estimate the water volume of this pond is about 600 cubic meters. According to the application of 0.5Kg / cubic water standard, 300Kg heavy metal ion stabilizer is added to the pond several times with water to be suspended and applied to the pond, and the heavy metal ion stabilizer is spread around the soil of the pond. The heavy metals in the land migrated to the pond with the water. After three days, the pond water became clear and clear. There were no signs of fish swimming. The 20 grass carp, 80 carp, i0 tail carp, 10 were fed to the pond. Tail squid, 20 prawns and about 200 loach, the fish are active after about 2 days of environmental adaptation. After 6 months, the water quality is good, catching grass carp, carp, carp, carp and carp in the pond. Fish and prawn were sent for inspection, and the feedback of heavy metal content was normal and did not exceed the standard. The test results show that: this heavy metal ion stabilizer can effectively clean water, collect heavy metal ions in water, eliminate the biological toxicity of water and sludge, prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in fish products, and is effective for ecological restoration of polluted waters. Example 7

The modified bentonite described in Example 2 was used as a heavy metal ion stabilizer for the ecological environment restoration test, and the "rye seedling method", the "pot experiment", the "field test" commonly used in the in situ restoration effect evaluation, and The basic principle of the experimental evaluation method such as "oral bioavailability" is to compare the ecological soil restoration of a corn field with a height of about 0.6 mu and a long-term application of 3⁄4 garbage compost, resulting in high mercury and cadmium exceeding the standard. test.

The selected contaminated land is divided into two blocks, A and B. No landfills are found in both A and B blocks. Area A is used as a blank comparison area, and area B is a repair area. According to the standard of 500Kg per mu, the artificially spread 150Kg in Zone B to implement the heavy metal ion stabilizer described in Pour 2, the A zone is zero; after 3 days, the land of the two blocks A and B allows the farmers to be in the same way of normal cultivation. Tillage, fertilization, watering, planting corn; then placing the same alfalfa soil in the A and B blocks, then watering and weeding equally. The growth of corn in Block B is obviously better than that in Area A. Farmers pick up the statistics of corn in Blocks A and B respectively. The yield in Area B is 32'1⁄2 higher than that in Area A. Checking the land in 2 blocks, Block A still There is no trace of cockroaches, there are no insects in the soil, and the mantle in Block B is healthy and healthy. There are a large number of insects in the soil. The soil samples are taken to detect the water content. The B area is 7.6% higher than the A area. The analysis of corn in the A and B blocks was carried out. The content of heavy metals in mercury, zinc and cadmium in the corn in the A area was seriously exceeded. The heavy metal content in the corn in the B area was normal. The test results show that the heavy metal ion stabilizer can effectively absorb and stabilize the heavy metal ions in the soil particles, can eliminate the biological toxicity in the soil, ensure the safety of soil-loving organisms (such as cockroaches) and habitats in the soil, and can avoid The extraction and enrichment of heavy metal ions by roots of alfalfa can improve soil yield and improve soil yield, that is, the ecological restoration of soil contaminated by landfill due to waste composting is successful. Implementing inverted 8 Ecological restoration test of polluted waters in a certain aquaculture base: An aquaculture base uses soft-water aquaculture to raise soft-shelled turtles, prawns, etc. Because of the depletion of thousands of dry hot spring waters, the warm water that has been introduced to remove dust by using flue gas is used as a water source, and then it is found that turtles and other anorexias are sick. Death and local ulceration. After repeated inspection and inspection of water quality and turtle shrimp samples, it was found that heavy metals such as zinc, lead and cadmium were seriously exceeded. The modified bentonite described in Example 3 is used as an ecological water-domain repairing and disinfecting agent for stabilizing heavy metal ions. According to the standard of j3⁄40J Kg / cubic water, the heavy-water ion-stabilized ecological water-domain repairing and disinfecting agent is mixed with water and stirred into a suspension for spraying. In the water ponds of the culture area, heavy metal ion stabilizers are spread on the soil sand around the ponds. After about 3 days, the water quality of the ponds in the culture area becomes clear. After one week, the feed begins to be active. After 6 months, the water quality and the turtles are re-examined. Samples, feedback and heavy metal content were normal and did not exceed the standard. The test results show that: this heavy metal ion stabilizer can effectively clean and disinfect water quality, capture heavy metal ions in water, eliminate the biological toxicity of water and contaminated soil, prevent heavy metal accumulation in fish products, and is effective for ecological restoration of polluted waters. Implementation down 9

The modified bentonite described in Example 4 was selected as the soil ecological restoration (modification) compound fertilizer for the stabilization of heavy metal ions, and the ecological environment restoration test was carried out. The "rye seedling method" and "basin" commonly used in the evaluation of in situ restoration effect were used. The basic principles of the test evaluation methods such as "test", "field test", and "orifical bioavailability" are selected as follows: 3⁄4 a paddy field of about 0.5 mu area heavily polluted by arsenic in a certain area, for ecological soil remediation Comparative Test.

The selected paddy fields with a heavy pollution area of 0.5 mu are divided into two blocks, and the two blocks in the mud-field are separated by water. The mud and mud inspections have no traces of muddy jaundice in both blocks A and B, and there is no common Water bugs. As a blank contrasting area, Area A only applied 25Kg of conventional compound fertilizer (equivalent to the amount of compound fertilizer in Zone B), and Area B as an ecological restoration area, according to the application standard of 500Kg per acre, artificially spread lOOKg in Zone B as described in Example 4 Compound fertilizer for heavy metal ion stabilization, zero in zone A; ten days later, two blocks A and B allow farmers to plow and plant rice in the same way as normal tillage: then place the same amount of mud in both blocks A and B. Squid, then, equal tillage and weeding. The growth of rice in Block B is obviously better than that in Area A. There are frogs, loach and aquatic insects in the paddy field in Area B. There are no signs of biological activity in the A area. After 120 days, the farmers collected the paddy field statistics of Blocks A and B respectively. The yield of Zone B is 26% higher than that of Zone A. The analysis of shell-bearing rice in Blocks A and B is selected. The feedback of the rice in the A area is seriously exceeded. The content of arsenic and zinc in the rice in Block B is qualified. normal. The test results show that the heavy metal ion stabilizer can effectively absorb and stabilize the heavy metal ions in the paddy field, can eliminate the biological toxicity in the soil, ensure the safety of the perennial organisms in the paddy field, and avoid the extraction and enrichment of heavy metal ions by the plant roots. Set, and can improve soil quality and improve water H output, that is, it has a good effect on the ecological restoration of paddy soil heavily polluted by arsenic dust. Example 10

Ecological restoration test of polluted forest areas around the soil in a certain area: There are seven soil-based roasting and antimony mining companies in a certain area, the surrounding forest areas are seriously polluted, the plants are abundance, and the plant shoots and soil samples are taken. Heavy metal zinc, lead, cadmium dip The output is seriously exceeded. The modified bentonite in the form of suspending liquid is used as the heavy metal ion stabilizer for the restoration of ecological forest area, and diluted with water to a solid suspension of 5%, 50 Kg per application (quality of bentonite modified by aluminum salt) /mu forest standard, the heavy metal ion stabilizer 2 times (one month apart) sprayed on 5 acres of forest area, after 3 months after the next 2 rains, spraying the forest area to reproduce the vitality; The samples of soil and soil in the Shilin area and the non-spraying forest area were sent for inspection. The amount of heavy metal leaching in the foliage and soil of the planting stabilizers was still exceeding the standard. Spraying stabilizers in the forest area The amount of heavy metal leaching of the sample was normal and did not exceed the standard. The test results show that: the heavy metal ion stabilizer can effectively adsorb and collect heavy metal ions in the branches and soils of the filth and eliminate the biological toxicity, and is effective for ecological restoration of contaminated forest areas. Example 11

Selecting ffl to manually sort dry sodium-based bentonite, the average content of montmorillonite is 91%, and the anhydrous block granular sodium water glass with modulus 2,6 is selected, and the ratio of bentonite: water glass is 75:25. The fine powder of <8% fineness is ground to a fineness of 80 μm, and a powdery modified bentonite purified by gas is prepared.

Taking the powdery modified bentonite as the ΡΜ2.5 collector, separately adding 〗〖% potassium permanganate powder, mixing evenly, making a household air purification disinfectant, hanging with gauze, and adding water to the home indoor water curtain device The suspension glue is made for water curtain cleaning, and the indoor air feels fresh.

Take the powdered modified bentonite ΡΜ2.5 collector and add water to make wet (add a small amount of water to stir and mix and aging) powdery ΡΜ2.5 collector; take another one and add 30 times water to stir It is made into a suspension glue liquid ΡΜ2.5 collector; it is tested in a smelter. The dust collection facilities of the smelter are first-stage cyclone dust removal and secondary electric dust removal. Three-stage nozzles are installed on the first-stage cyclone dust removal and secondary electric dust removal connection pipes, and two-stage nozzles are installed on the secondary electric dust removal exhaust gas outlet pipes. It is used to spray ΡΜ2.5 collector, and uses compressed air in the plant as atomization gas to commission inspection. When there is no 3⁄4 collector, PM10 reaches 8000mg / Nm ³ and PM2.5 reaches 5000mg I Nm in the exhaust gas after the secondary dust removal under normal conditions. During the test, the third-stage nozzle of the primary dust removal outlet to the secondary dust removal inlet connecting pipe is simultaneously atomized and sprayed into the collector suspension. After the stability is adjusted, the PM10 in the exhaust gas after the secondary dust removal is 180mg / Nm ³ , PM2 , 5 is 90mg / Nm ³ . After spraying the liquid liquid collector, after switching to the wet powder collection, the PM10 is 2,0 mg I Nm ³ and PM2.5 is 100 mg I Nm ³ . It is shown that the PM2,5 collector has obvious effect on the adsorption and collection of PM2,5 in the exhaust gas of the dust removal system. Example ί2

Use manual sorting and drying of calcium-based bentonite, the average content of montmorillonite is 90%; use soda ash as the sodiuming agent of calcium-based bentonite, adopt the method of thousand-method sodium, and select the anhydrous powdery potassium sodium water glass with modulus of 2 According to bentonite: soda ash: water glass mass ratio of 68: 4: 28 ingredients, together with a fineness of 80μηι% < 0% of the powder, that is, a powdered modified bentonite for gas purification.

Take two parts of the powdered modified bentonite, used as a ΡΜ2.5 collector, and add water to make it wet (add a small amount of water to stir at high speed) Mix and mix) powdered PM2.5 collector and suspension gel liquid (add about 35 times water to mix) PM2.5 collector, to a gasification test. The gas-making dust collection facility is a first-stage cyclone dust removal and a second-stage bag type dust removal, and a stage nozzle is arranged on the first-stage cyclone dust removal outlet and the secondary bag type dust removal inlet connecting pipe for spraying PM2.5 collector. The compressed air in the crucible is used as the atomizing gas, and the inspection is commissioned. Uncollected agent ^, PM 10 reaches 5000mg / Nm ³ and PM2.5 reaches 3500mg Z Nm ^{3 in the} exhaust gas after secondary bag type dust removal under normal conditions. During the test, the ::£-stage nozzle was sprayed into the trapping agent suspension simultaneously. After the adjustment was stabilized, the PM10 of the exhaust gas after the secondary bag type dust removal was 130 mg / Nm and the PM2.5 was 70 mg / Nm ³ . After the suspension is sprayed, the ffi wet powdery collector is exchanged. After the stability is adjusted, the PM 0 of the secondary bag type dust removal exhaust gas is 40 mg Nm ³ and the PM2.5 is 80 mg / Nm ³ . The test shows that the PM2.5 collector is adsorbed and agglomerated by PM2.5 in the exhaust gas of the dust removal system.

Example 13

Select ffl sales of polymerized aluminum column modified bentonite powder, the average content of montmorillonite is 89%, select the pin glass solution with modulus 1.9 and specific gravity L5, and use 35 parts of pinning bentonite powder according to mass ratio: water glass solution 65 Ingredients, stirring, stirring process, adding 1 part of auxiliary caustic soda, 0.5 part of anionic surfactant taucanthine sulfuric acid pin, stirring and hooking, to make a plastic paste-like modified bentonite purified by dry gas , it can be stirred with any amount of water to form a suspension glue.

The above-mentioned plastic modified bentonite was taken as a PM2.5 collector, and then 20 times of water was added to stir into a suspension glue, and a test for the adsorption and purification of the super-heavy ash gas was simulated in a large workshop of a waste industrial plant. First, the cotton fiber rope and cloth are dipped in the collector to suspend the glue and then hung around the large workshop (about half a meter away from the wall), then artificially dust, splash a small bottle of ammonia, firewood and waste engine oil and tires in the middle of the large workshop. And 0.5Kg of sulfur is burned on the firewood to generate a heavily polluted space, and then the doors and windows are blocked. After 48 hours of inspection, the "ash ash" and the odor disappeared in the workshop. The people in the workshop felt the air fresh, and the PM2, 5 was less than 10mg / Nm ³ . The test shows that it is effective to purify the air by the absorption of the fixed object by the absorption and collection method. Example 14

Select pin-based bentonite (87% montmorillonite) and alkyl double-stranded quaternary ammonium montmorillonite bentonite (93% montmorillonite), use hydrated block granular sodium water glass with modulus 2,8, based on sodium Bentonite: decyl quaternary ammonium montmorillonite bentonite: water glass mass ratio of 60: 25: 15 ratio of ingredients, plus 300 parts of water, - wet grinding into a slurry, that is, a glue for gas purification Modified bentonite.

The above-mentioned cement-like modified bentonite was taken as a PM2.5 collector and tested in a chemical plant. The plant adopts · cyclone dust collection, secondary electric dust removal, three-level water curtain dust removal, normal condition T, and the detection of ΡΜ2.5 in the exhaust gas after water curtain dust removal is higher than 500mg / Nm ³ and has odor. In the test, the glue liquid is mixed with 20 water to be mixed into a suspension glue, and added to the water curtain dust removal water. After the adjustment is stabilized, the PM2.5 of the exhaust gas after the water curtain is removed is 30 mg/Nm ³ , and there is no odor. The suspended matter of the dust removal wastewater plus the flocculant can be completely precipitated. Tests show that this PM2. 5 collector can strengthen the water curtain dust removal effect, and can have Effectively absorbs odors. Example 15

Use pinned double-stranded quaternary ammonium bentonite (montmorillonite content 93'1⁄2), select nano-water glass solution with modulus 1,7 and specific gravity L4, purify and purify in bentonite, add quaternary ammonium amination And the sodium bentonite suspension (average 94% montmorillonite content), added to the water glass according to the ratio of sodium bentonite (dry basis): water glass mass ratio of 70:30, A modified liquid bentonite in which a ffi is used for gas purification.

The suspended liquid modified bentonite is taken as a PM2.5 collector, and water is added to a suspension to form a suspension liquid, and a local ambient air purification test is performed. A certain industrial area where the air is not circulated, but there are three local methods for smelting only the cyclone and dust-free facilities is selected. The atmosphere in the ditch area is thick and dusty all day long. The personnel working in this ravine still feel uncomfortable with masks. Using a high-pressure water gun and compressed air atomization, the formulated suspension liquid is sprayed from the high surface of the three sides into the air in the area, and flocculation and sedimentation will occur quickly. 24 small ^ Houshangou ground settles a layer of flocculation dust of about 10mm thick, ravine The area air becomes transparent and people feel fresh. Check that the flocculation dust falling on the concrete floor can not be re-dusted (the original building and the original dust of the brown plant have been washed with water in advance to facilitate the assessment of the impact condition). This flocculation has poor adhesion to buildings and plants. The water can be rinsed. Tests show that: PM2.5 collector can effectively purify the local atmosphere of the environment without adversely affecting buildings and plants. It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The present invention has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments, but it should be understood that the words in which they are used are descriptive and explanatory terms, rather than limiting words. The invention may be modified within the scope of the appended claims, and the invention may be modified without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The present invention is not limited to the specific examples disclosed therein, but the invention is extended to all other methods and applications having the same function.

Claims

Claim

L A modified bentonite for the stabilization of heavy metal ions in an ecological environment, comprising bentonite, a water-soluble aluminum salt and optionally a first auxiliary component.

The modified bentonite according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the water-soluble aluminum salt is 2 to 3% by mass of the bentonite.

The modified bentonite according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble aluminum salt modifier is selected from the group consisting of aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminum sulfate or aluminum sulfate, and aluminum nitrate. At least one of sodium metaaluminate, potassium metaaluminate, lithium metaaluminate, basic aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, polyaluminum sulfate, polyaluminum ferric chloride, and polyaluminum ferric chloride.

The modified bentonite according to claim 1, wherein the first auxiliary component is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium nitrate, potassium acid, carbon nitrogen, sulfur ammonia, and potassium carbonate. At least one of potassium sulfate, an alkali, a phosphate, a disinfectant, a zeolite, and a vermiculite.

The modified bentonite according to claim 1, wherein the bentonite is selected from the group consisting of pin-based bentonite, sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, magnesium bentonite, and lithium bentonite having a montmorillonite mineral content of more than 65%. , aluminum-hydrogen bentonite, organic and/or inorganic modified bentonite

6. A modified bentonite for purifying a gas comprising bentonite, a water soluble silicate and/or a water soluble phosphate and optionally a second auxiliary component.

The modified bentonite according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the water-soluble silicate and/or water-soluble phosphate to bentonite is from 65 to 2: 35 to 98.

The modified bentonite according to claim 6, wherein the water-soluble silicate has a chemical formula of R ₂ OnSi0 ₂ , wherein R ₂ 0 is a metal oxide, and n is 1, 0-4.5. The R ₂ 0 is selected from at least one of Na ₂ 0, _20, and Li ₂ 0

The modified bentonite according to claim 6, wherein the water-soluble silicate is selected from the group consisting of lithium water glass, water glass, potassium water glass, modified lithium water glass, modified sodium water glass, and At least one of the modified potassium water glasses.

The modified bentonite according to claim 9, wherein the water glass is selected from the group consisting of anhydrous block water glass, anhydrous powder water glass, solid water glass containing compound water, hydrated water glass, and liquid. At least one of water glass.

The modified bentonite according to claim 6, wherein the water-soluble phosphate is selected from the group consisting of sodium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and pyroantimonic acid.

The modified bentonite according to claim 6, wherein the second auxiliary component is contained in an amount of not more than 30% by weight based on the total of the water-soluble salt and/or the water-soluble bismuth salt and the bentonite.

The modified bentonite according to claim 6, wherein the second auxiliary component is at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, inorganic salts, water-soluble polymer compounds, surfactants, oxidizing agents, and disinfectants. Preferably, it is selected from the group consisting of a hydrazine hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, sodium carbonate, polyaluminum chloride, potassium aluminum sulfate, sodium metaaluminate, and anionic macromolecularization. At least one of a compound, potassium permanganate, and sodium dichloroisocyanate.

14, the modified bentonite as claimed in claim 6, wherein the smectite is selected from bentonite content is more than _70wt%? Preferably greater than 80wt%, more preferably greater than 85wt%, most preferably greater than 90% of sodium bentonite , at least lithium bentonite, pinned calcium or magnesium based or aluminum hydrogen bentonite, inorganic and/or organic modified bentonite, and acid activated bentonite