WO2015061643A2 - Device and method for less forceful tissue puncture - Google Patents
Device and method for less forceful tissue puncture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015061643A2 WO2015061643A2 PCT/US2014/062099 US2014062099W WO2015061643A2 WO 2015061643 A2 WO2015061643 A2 WO 2015061643A2 US 2014062099 W US2014062099 W US 2014062099W WO 2015061643 A2 WO2015061643 A2 WO 2015061643A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- driving actuator
- motor shaft
- penetrating member
- magnet
- tissue
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
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- A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
- A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
- A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
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- A61B17/3401—Puncturing needles for the peridural or subarachnoid space or the plexus, e.g. for anaesthesia
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- A61B17/3415—Trocars; Puncturing needles for introducing tubes or catheters, e.g. gastrostomy tubes, drain catheters
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- A61B5/150053—Details for enhanced collection of blood or interstitial fluid at the sample site, e.g. by applying compression, heat, vibration, ultrasound, suction or vacuum to tissue; for reduction of pain or discomfort; Skin piercing elements, e.g. blades, needles, lancets or canulas, with adjustable piercing speed
- A61B5/150106—Means for reducing pain or discomfort applied before puncturing; desensitising the skin at the location where body is to be pierced
- A61B5/150137—Means for reducing pain or discomfort applied before puncturing; desensitising the skin at the location where body is to be pierced by vibration
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- A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
- A61B5/150236—Pistons, i.e. cylindrical bodies that sit inside the syringe barrel, typically with an air tight seal, and slide in the barrel to create a vacuum or to expel blood
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- A61B5/150244—Rods for actuating or driving the piston, i.e. the cylindrical body that sits inside the syringe barrel, typically with an air tight seal, and slides in the barrel to create a vacuum or to expel blood
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- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
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- A61M2005/3289—Accessories for bringing the needle into the body; Automatic needle insertion with rotation of the needle, e.g. to ease penetration
Definitions
- FEEDBACK MEANS which issued as United States Patent No. 8,777,871 on July 15, 2014.
- United States Application Serial No. 13/672,482 is a continuation application that claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. ⁇ 120 of United States Application Serial No. 12/559,383, filed on September 14, 2009, entitled MEDICAL TOOL FOR REDUCED PENETRATION FORCE WITH FEEDBACK MEANS, which issued as United States Patent No, 8,328,738 on December 11, 2012 which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. ⁇ 119(e) of United States Provisional Application Serial No.
- This invention was produced in part using funds from the Federal government under National Institutes of Health award ID No, R43RR024943, R44AG037214, and USDA award ID No, 2013-33610-20821. Accordingly, the government has certain rights in the invention.
- the present invention generally pertains to handheld medical, veterinary, and pre-clinical or laboratory research devices, and more specifically to electrically driven lancets, needles, epidural catheter inserters, biopsy instruments, vascular entry instruments, spinal access needles, and other catheterization needles.
- the invention is applicable to the delivery and removal of blood, tissues, medicine, nutrients, or other materials within the body,
- penetrating members such as needles and lancets
- Some of the reasons necessitating tissue penetration and insertion of penetrating members include: to inject medications and vaccines, to obtain samples of bodily fluids such as blood, to acquire a tissue sample such as for biopsy, or to provide short or long term access to the vascular system such as intravenous (IV) catheter placement.
- IV intravenous
- CVC central venous catheter
- Tissue deformation during needle insertion is also an issue for soft tissue biopsy of tumors or lesions.
- Conventional needles tend to deform the tissue during the insertion, which can cause misalignment of the needle path and the target area to be sampled.
- the amount of tissue deformation can be partially reduced by increasing the needie insertion velocity, and so this property has been exploited by biopsy guns on the market today,
- Blood sampling is one of the more common procedures in biomedical research involving laboratory animals, such as mice and rats.
- anesthesia such as jugular or retro-orbital
- others do not (such as tail vein/artery, saphenous vein or submandibular vein).
- All techniques utilize a sharp (lancet, hypodermic needle, or pointed scalpel) that is manually forced into the tissue to produce a puncture that bleeds.
- a capillary tube is positioned over the puncture site to coilect the blood droplets for analysis, or the blood may be collected into a syringe or vacuum vial. Regardless of the sharp used, if an individual is properly trained the procedure can be performed quickly to minimize pain and stress. It is important to minimize stress as this can interfere with blood chemistry analysis, particularly for stress-related hormones.
- Vibrational devices may be placed on the skin in attempt to provide 'Vibrational anesthesia" to an area prior to, or possibly during, a needle insertion event. Research has shown that tissue penetration with lower insertion forces results in reduced pain.
- the Gate Control Theory of Pain provides theoretical support for the anesthetic effect of vibration, The needle vibration may stimulate non-nociceptive ⁇ fibers and inhibit perception of pain and alleviate the sensation of pain at the spinal cord level. In nature, a mosquito vibrates it's proboscis at a frequency of 17 - 400 Hz to reduce pain and improve tissue penetration.
- the invention provides in one exemplary embodiment a handheld device that provides axially-directed oscillatory motion (also referred to as reciprocating motion) to a detachable penetrating member (such as but not limited to lancets, needles, epidural catheters, biopsy instruments, and vascular entry instruments) at a distal end, for use in procedures (such as but not limited to vascu!ar entry, catheterization, and blood collection).
- a detachable penetrating member such as but not limited to lancets, needles, epidural catheters, biopsy instruments, and vascular entry instruments
- the device comprises at least one linear reciprocating actuator that can be reversibly attached to a penetrating member or other composite system which itself contains a penetrating member, and wherein the driving actuator provides motion to the penetrating member, causing it to reciprocate at small displacements, thereby reducing the force required to penetrate through tissues.
- Reciprocating motion of the penetrating member facilitates less tissue displacement and drag, enabling, for example, easier access into rolling or collapsed vasculature.
- Specific applications of the invention include, but are not limited to, penetration of tissues for delivery or removal of bodily fluids, tissues, nutrients, medicines, therapies, and placement or removal of catheters, This device is for inserting penetrating members into the body, including human or animal subjects, for a variety of applications.
- the handheld device disclosed may be a driving actuator composed of a handpiece body housing at least one oscillatory linear actuator.
- the actuator is preferably a voice coil motor (VC ) but may alternatively be implemented with a DC motor, solenoid, piezoelectric actuator, or linear vibration motor disposed within the handpiece body,
- the linear actuator causes a motor shaft to oscillate or vibrate back and forth relative to the handpiece body, in the axial direction of the shaft.
- Attached to one end of the shaft is a coupling mechanism which enables reversible attachment of a penetrating member (or to a separate device that already has a penetrating member attached to it).
- the handheld device has a coupler that enables reversible attachment of LUER-slip ® (slip tip) or LUER-Lok ® (LUER-Lock) style needle or lancet hubs.
- a custom connection enables reversible attachment of separate devices with a penetrating member (such as syringe with attached needle or a safety IV-access device) which allows the linear actuator to vibrate the composite system, thereby resulting in reciprocating motion being delivered to the attached penetrating member.
- a penetrating member such as syringe with attached needle or a safety IV-access device
- Additional features include embodiments that enable delivery or removal of fluids down the lumen of hollow penetrating members, via side port that allows access to the Inner lumen, Tubing that is sufficiently compliant so as not to impede the reciprocating motion of the actuator and penetrating member, is then used to channel fluid from a source, such as a syringe, into the lumen for delivery of medication or other treatments.
- the side port which accesses the inner lumen of the penetrating member may also enable bodiiy fluids or tissues to be extracted by applying suction,
- Additional features include embodiments that enable delivery or removal of fluids through a side mounted syringe that oscillates back and forth relative to the handpiece body where the driving actuator is coupled to the syringe and supplies the oscillation or vibration to the syringe.
- a coupling mechanism is attached to the syringe that enables reversible attachment of a penetrating member (or to a separate device that already has a penetrating member attached to it).
- This embodiment includes a means to easily accomplish movement of the syringe plunger to a forward or backward position for delivery or removal of bodily fluids, tissues, nutrients, medicines, or therapies.
- the invention includes a set of methods by which to optimally operate the device in order to achieve desired oscillation amplitudes throughout the insertion of a penetrating member into target tissues.
- the resonant peak in the displacement versus frequency response of the driving actuator is influenced greatly by the loading from the tissue that interacts with the penetrating member.
- the reason for the change in the frequency response is because the penetrating member experiences frictionai, inertia!, and elastic forces that interact with the driving actuator, and the overall system exhibits an altered frequency response,
- the device By operating the device at some frequency above the resonant frequency of the driving actuator in air (for example > 1/3 octave, but more optimally near 1 ⁇ 2 octave), the reciprocating motion can be maintained with very little, if any, damping for penetration of many tissue types,
- a feedback loop can be constructed by employing a
- displacement sensor such as, but not limited to, a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) to continually monitor displacement and a controller that can continually adjust the operating frequency to keep it near the actual resonance frequency of the coupled system (tissue and driving actuator, coupled via penetrating member),
- LVDT linear variable differential transformer
- the monitoring of the frequency and displacement of the system can also be used to signal the transducer to stop vibration when penetration of the desired tissue is complete.
- Another feedback-based method of maintaining near constant oscillatory displacement amplitude during insertion of the penetrating member into variety of tissues utilizes current control.
- the current amplitude supplied to the driving actuator is increased to overcome the damping effects of tissue on the reciprocating penetration member
- a displacement sensor can be employed to continually monitor displacement and adjust current amplitude to achieve the target displacement magnitude.
- Additional methods may deploy a combination of frequency and current control methods by which to maintain displacement.
- Other methods may not employ feedback but simply anticipate the loading effect of the target tissue and set the operating frequency or current such that optimal displacement amplitude is achieved at some point during the course of tissue penetration.
- the system may be off resonance when no load is encountered by the penetrating member.
- the loading causes the resonance of the system to move closer to the driving frequency such that no adjustments to the driving actuator are needed.
- the resonance of the system may be at the driving frequency in the loaded condition.
- the driving actuator may be adjusted so that it is on resonance when in a loaded state, and is off resonance during no load conditions.
- the operating frequency is not at a resonance frequency when in the no load condition, but the operating frequency is closer to the resonance frequency, as compared to the no load resonance frequency, when in the load condition.
- the handheld device of the present invention may require an electrical power signal to excite an internal actuator.
- the driving actuator Upon excitation by the electrical signal, the driving actuator converts the signal into mechanical energy that results in oscillating motion of the penetrating member, such as an attached needle, lancet, epidural catheter, biopsy instrument, or vascular entry instrument.
- the invention with specific control electronics will provide reduction of force as the penetrating member is inserted and/or retracted from the body.
- FIG, 1A is a cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the driving actuator handpiece utilizing a reciprocating VCM and LVDT sensor;
- FIG. IB is a cross-sectional view that illustrates the magnet assembly of the driving actuator (VCM);
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view that illustrates the VCM of FIG 1A;
- FIG, 2A is a side view of the driving actuator handpiece with a LUER-hub style penetrating member attached;
- FIG, 2B is a close up view of the LUER-hub style penetrating member coupled to the distal tip of driving actuator handpiece;
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the keyed coupler at the distal end of driving actuator handpiece which restricts rotational movement of the attached penetrating member;
- FIG. 3B is a complete side view of the LUER compatible keyed coupler showing the space (keyway) allowed around the tabs (keys) of the coupler;
- FIG, 3C is a perspective view of the keyed coupler and a rotating keyway head at the distal end of the driving actuator handpiece which provides controlled rotational movement while still allowing axial motion of the attached penetrating member;
- FIG, 3D is a complete side view of the LUER compatible keyed coupler showing the space (keyway) allowed around the tabs (keys) of the coupler within the rotating keyway head;
- FIG, 4 is a top plane view of the driving actuator handpiece with a mounted syringe connected to the side port of the LUE -hub of penetrating member for removal or injection of fluids;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the driving actuator handpiece with an incorporated foot switch for Initiating and terminating power to the driving actuator;
- FIG. 6A is a view of an embodiment of the driving actuator handpiece with an inline coupling sled attachment clipped to a safety IV device for the purpose of providing reciprocating motion to penetrating member;
- FIG. 6B shows an isolated view demonstrating safety IV device attachment to coupling sled (driving actuator handpiece not shown);
- FIG. 6C is a perspective view of the safety IV device after attached to the coupling sled
- FIG. 6D is a cross-sectional view that illustrates the driving actuator handpiece utilizing a reciprocating VCM that incorporates a coupling sled attachment clipped to a safety IV device;
- FIG. 7 A is a perspective view of an embodiment of the driving actuator handpiece with a side mounted syringe that is attached to the driving actuator to provide axially-directed oscillatory motion to the syringe and coupled penetrating member;
- FIG. 7B is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 7A that shows the guide shaft and coupled plunger in a forward position
- FIG, 7C is a side view of an embodiment of FIG. 7A that shows the guide shaft and coupled syringe plunger in a backward position
- FIG, 8A is a side view of an embodiment utilizing a geared siider for movement of the coupled syringe plunger and located in a forward position;
- FIG. 8B is a side view of an embodiment utilizing a geared slider for movement of the coupled syringe plunger and located in a back position;
- FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B utilizing a geared slider to move the coupled syringe plunger forward and back;
- FIG. 8D is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment utilizing a double geared slider to move the coupled syringe plunger forward and back;
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing typical displacement versus frequency behavior for VCM driving actuator in loaded and unloaded conditions.
- FIG. 10A is a graphic demonstration of frequency-based displacement control method for overcoming the damping effect of tissue during a tissue penetration event using the driving actuator
- FIG. 10B is a graphic demonstration of a current-based control method for overcoming damping effect of tissue during a tissue penetration event using the driving actuator
- FIG. 11 is a graphic containing plots of displacement (oscillation amplitude) during the course of insertion of a penetrating member into tissue with driving actuator set to provide different displacement frequency and amplitude levels;
- FIG. 12 is a graphical summary of insertion tests of a reciprocated 18G hypodermic needle into porcine skin with the driving actuator delivering different displacement frequency and amplitude levels;
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram of electronics layout for voltage and current sensing applications.
- ranges mentioned herein include all ranges located within the prescribed range. As such, all ranges mentioned herein include all sub-ranges included in the mentioned ranges. For instance, a range from 100- 200 also includes ranges from 110-150, 170-190, and 153-162, Further, all limits mentioned herein include all other limits included in the mentioned limits, For instance, a limit of up to 7 also includes a limit of up to 5, up to 3, and up to 4.5.
- FIGs. 1A-13 The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in FIGs. 1A-13 with the numerals referring to like and corresponding parts.
- distal distal
- disaiiy proximal
- proximally are not defined so narrowly as to mean a particular rigid direction, but, rather, are used as placeholders to define relative locations which shall be defined in context with the attached drawings and reference numerals.
- a listing of the various reference labels are provided at the end of this Specification.
- US Patent os as previously stated US Patent os.
- the effectiveness of the invention as described utilizes high-speed oscillatory motion to reduce forces associated with inserting a penetrating member through tissue or materials found within the body.
- tissue is penetrated by a high speed operation of a penetrating member portion of the device, such as a needle, the force required for entry as well as the amount of tissue deformation is reduced.
- a reciprocating penetrating member takes advantage of properties of high speed needle insertion, but because the
- the medical device of the present invention is designed such that the penetrating distal tip portion attains a short travel distance or displacement at high speed, axia!ly reciprocating at a specified frequency.
- the reciprocating motion of the penetrating member may include a displacement for the motor shaft of the driving actuator between 0,1-2 mm, more preferably between 0.5-1,5 mm, at a frequency of between 50-500 Hz, but most preferably at 75-200 Hz for insertion into soft tissues within the body. This motion is caused by the
- penetrating member 10 being attached to a voice coil motor operated with an AC power signal
- any type of motor comprising an actuator assembly, further comprising a voice coil motor (VCM), or solenoid, or any other translational motion device, including piezoelectric actuators, would serve as a driving actuator and also fail within the spirit and scope of the invention.
- VCM voice coil motor
- solenoid any other translational motion device, including piezoelectric actuators
- FIG. 1A depicts an embodiment of the present invention using a linear VCM as the mechanism for the driving actuator 1.
- FIG, 1A through 3C show cross- sectional view A ⁇ A 58, cross-sectional view of the magnet assembly 4, and a detail cross-sectional view of the VCM.
- a VCM creates low frequency reciprocating motion, In particular, when an alternating electric current is applied through the conducting voice coil 2, the result is a Lorentz Force in a direction defined by a function of the cross-product between the direction of current delivered by the power cable 7 (see FIG. 5) to the voice coil 2 and magnetic field vectors of the magnet arrays 4a and 4b.
- the two magnet arrays, 4a and 4b have equal and opposing magnetic polarity vectors and are separated by a pole piece 4c.
- the magnet arrays 4a, 4b, and pole piece 4c make up the magnet assembly 4, By alternating the direction of the current in the voice coil 2, a sinusoidal alternating force is applied to the magnet assembly 4 resulting in a reciprocating motion of the motor shaft 5 relative to the VCM body 8 which is seated inside the driving actuator handpiece body lb.
- the VCM body 8 may be constructed of metal or of plastic with a low coefficient of friction. Delrin is a preferred material choice.
- the motor shaft bearings 5b provide supplemental friction reduction and help to ensure the motor shaft movement is directed solely in the axial direction (coaxial with the VCH body 8), The reciprocating motor shaft 5 communicates this motion to a keyed coupler 6 and attached penetrating member 10 (see FIG, 2A).
- the penetrating member 10 may be a hypodermic needle, a solid lancet, or other sharp and may be bonded to a hub 11 (see FIG. 2A) such as, but not limited to a LUER-slip or LUE -lok style.
- F!G, 2B depicts a close up view of the penetrating member 10 attached via a bonded hub 11 to the keyed coupler 6.
- the tip of the penetrating member 10 may have a bevel end 12 to increase sharpness.
- opposite polarity centering magnets 3 may be used to limit and control certain dynamic aspects of the driving actuator 1.
- At least one centering magnet 3 is located inside the VCM body 8 at each end, The centering magnets 3 have a same inward facing magnetic polarity as the outward facing polarity of the magnet assemblies 4a and 4b; the VCM end caps 8b keep the centering magnets 3 held in place against the repelling force.
- the opposition of magnetic forces acts to keep the magnet assembly centered at the midpoint of the VCM body 8.
- the magnets are placed at a certain distance from the ends of the magnet arrays 4a and 4b so that they are forced back toward center following peak displacement, but far enough away that no physical contact is made during oscillations.
- the basic principle of actuation is caused by a time varying magnetic field created inside a solenoidal voice coil 2 when AC current flows in the coil wire, delivered via the power cable 7,
- the time varying magnetic field acts on the magnet arrays 4a and 4b, each a set of very strong permanent magnets,
- the entire magnet assembly 4 which is rigidly attached to the motor shaft 5, oscillates back and forth through the voice coil 2.
- the centering magnets 3 absorb and release energy at each cycle, helping to amplify the oscillating motion experienced by the penetrating member 10 (shown in FIGs, 2A and 2B).
- the resonant properties of the device can be optimized by magnet selection, number of coil turns in the voice coil 2, mass of the motor shaft 5, and by the elimination of frictionai losses as much as possible (e.g. between the magnet assembly 4 and VCM body 8, or between the motor shaft 5 and motor shaft bearings 5b).
- performance can be optimized by adjusting the strength of the repelling force between the ends of the magnet arrays 4a and 4b and the opposing polarity centering magnets 3, thus modulating the stiffness and overall frequency response of the system, Friction is further eliminated by utilizing a ring style magnet for the centering magnets 3 whose inner diameter is sufficiently larger than the outer diameter of the drive shaft 5.
- Host application embodiments will require the magnets 3, 4a, and 4c to be made of a Neodymium-Iron-Boron
- NeB NeB composition
- SmCo Samarium-Cobalt
- Alnico AINiCoCuFe
- SrFeO Strontium Ferrite
- BaFeO Barium Ferrite
- Feedback means via LVDT 69 and LVDT core 70 can be implemented to monitor oscillatory displacement magnitude, oscillatory frequency, and
- Oscillatory displacement magnitude can be utilized as electromechanical feedback for ensuring the motor shaft 5 is displacing optimally and also potentially can provide a signal that triggers an auto- shut of mechanism.
- the LVDT 69 and LVDT core 70 can be used as a force sensor by monitoring the oscillatory center position and comparing it to the unloaded center position. The displacement from center position can be calibrated to relate to a force, since the restoring force provided by the centering magnets 3 increases in proportion to the displacement. This information can be relayed to the operator and/or used as an operating state change trigger.
- the function of the centering magnets 3 may be replaced with springs, elastic material, and may include a means to dynamically modulate the stiffness of the restoring force or to implement non-symmetric centering forces so that when the penetrating member experiences force from the tissue, the magnet assembly 4 would be located more centrally within the VCM body 8,
- One aspect of performing procedures correctly is a manner in which to hold the bevel end (12 in FIG, 2B) of the penetrating member (10 in FIG. 2A and 2B) rotationally stable.
- a clinician will attempt to locate the tip of a small needle into the center of the vessel, Whether using a lancet or hypodermic needle, the standard technique is to ensure the bevel end (12 in FIG, 2B) of the penetrating member (10 in 2A and FIG, 2B) is "facing up" throughout the penetration event, This is generally not a problem while holding the needle directly in the fingers but needs to be taken into account when the needle is attached to the driving actuator (1 in FIG. 1A).
- the motor shaft (5 in FIG, 1A) is generally free to rotate within the VCM body (8 in FIG. 1A) meaning that the attached keyed coupler 6 that receives the hub 11 rotates freely. This minimizes frictiona! losses, but poses a problem for connecting a beveled penetrating member (10 in 2A and FIG. 2B) to the end of the motor shaft (5 in FIG. 1A) because the bevel is not rotationally stable throughout the penetration process.
- springs as the restoring force for centering the magnet assembly (4 in FIG. 1A), supplies some rotationally resistive forces.
- FIG, 3A presents one approach to restrict axial rotation of penetrating member (10 in FIG. 1C) when attached to the shaft (5 in FIG, 1A).
- a keyed coupler 6 with side tabs to serve as keys 14 is implemented in conjunction with keyway 13 formed by slots in the distal end of the driving actuator handpiece body lb.
- the keyed coupler 6 is permanently fixed to the shaft 5 to allow reversible connection, for instance, to LUER-Lok needle hubs, but could be adapted for a range of other attachment schemes, F!G.
- 3B provides a lateral view of the coup!ing end of the driving actuator highlighting the keyed coupler 6 and surrounding keyway 13.
- the front of the device incorporates a rotating keyway head 67 which can undergo controlled rotating motion 68 about a central axis of rotation 66.
- the motion may be produced by coupling the rotating keyway head 67, to rotational motor (not shown) such as a servomotor. This configuration would decouple the rotational and axial motions so that they can be controlled independently.
- the combined rotational and axial motions may further aid insertion especially into tougher tissues,
- FIG. 4 shows an alternate embodiment of the device which incorporates a side port 16 which provides access to the inner lumen of the penetrating member 10.
- a segment of compliant tubing 17 may link the side port 16 to a fluid delivery source such as a syringe.
- the syringe body 18 can be reversibly attached to the driving actuator handpiece body lb by a syringe coupling bracket 20.
- fluid such as medication, fluids, or vaccines, may be delivered into the body via an inner lumen of the penetrating member 10.
- this or a similar embodiment would allow for extraction of fluids, tissue, or other materials (such as blood, fluid, or cells) into the syringe body 18 by pulling back on the syringe plunger handle 19 to create a negative pressure inside the compliant tubing 17 and inner lumen of the
- the compliant tubing 17 is sufficiently flexible so as not to impede the axially-directed oscillatory motion of the keyed coupler 6 or attached penetrating member 10.
- Obtaining inner lumen access may be implemented by attaching an intervening coupling piece with side port 15 between the fixed hub of the penetrating member 10 and the keyed coupler 6 as shown in FIG 4, it could also be implemented by incorporating a side port directly into the fixed hub of the penetrating member 10.
- compliant tubing 17 could either be permanently integrated into the hub or coupling piece, or be an independent component with end fittings that reversibly mate with the side port 16 and syringe body 18,
- Other similar embodiments are envisioned that include a mounted syringe or other method of fluid injection into a side port 16, including gun-style injectors of vaccines and other medications for care and treatment of livestock in agricultural settings,
- FIG, 5 presents another approach through use of a foot switch 62, to initialize and de-initialize power supplied to the driving actuator 1 via the power cable 7.
- This approach can also incorporate both the foot switch 62 and the power button 9 (not shown) for the option of initializing and de-initializing power to the driving actuator 1.
- the driving actuator 1 is used to aid the placement of an IV catheter into a vessel in order to have long- term access to the vascular system.
- the driving actuator 1 must be adapted to couple the motor shaft 5 to the body of the penetrating device. This requires the coupling to occur more from the lateral aspect of the device to be oscillated, rather than at the proximal end because a hub is not present or is inaccessible.
- a coupling sled 22 shown in more detail in FIG.
- the penetrating member 25 is then retracted into the body of the safety IV device 23, which can be removed from the clips 22a of the coupling sled and discarded, In FIG. 6Q the attachment of a safety IV device 23 to the coupling sled 22 is shown in isolation.
- the moving mechanism must have sufficiently small resistance coefficient.
- the coupling sled is guided solely by the shape of the handpiece body (lb in FIG, 6D, section B-B 59).
- the interfacing surfaces are comprised of two materials having a low coefficient of friction.
- the coupling sled may be guided by for instance a linear ball-bearing guide rail.
- the coupling sled is capable of attaching to one or more linear round shafts utilizing bearings or material surfaces with low coefficient of friction to minimize sliding resistance.
- FIG, 7A-7C shows an alternate embodiment; slider device 56, which incorporates a fluid delivery source, such as a syringe., actuated by a driving actuator 1.
- Power is initialized and de-initialized by the power button 9 and supplied to the driving actuator 1 via the power cable 7. This could also be done with use of a foot switch 62 (as shown in FIG. 5).
- the actuation is transferred from the driving actuator 1 to the syringe via a keyed coupler 6 and a syringe clip 52.
- the syringe clip is mechanically attached to the keyed coupler 6 by use of a LUER- Lok coupling member (such as a thumb coupler 53).
- the syringe clip 52 pivots around the thumb coupler 53 360° to allow for quick attachment and detachment to the syringe coupler 51 which provides a mechanical attachment to both the syringe body 18 and the penetrating member 10.
- the syringe body 18 can be reversibly attached to the driving actuator handpiece body lb by a handpiece clip 46,
- the syringe body 18 could be held in place using an interchangeable syringe adapter 47 that is inserted into a cavity of the handpiece clip 46, allowing for different sizes of the syringe body 18 and allowing for precise linear movement of the syringe body 18 within the syringe adapter 47,
- a means of visibility such as the syringe adapter window 48 is used to allow for clear visibility of the level of fluid (such as medication, fluids, or vaccines) within the syringe.
- fluid may be delivered into the body via an inner lumen of the penetrating member 10 that is attached to the syringe body 18 through a syringe coupler 51.
- One-handed operation of the device can be achieved by allowing movement of the plunger 19 to be initiated through movement of the guide shaft 49 coupled to the plunger 19 through the guide shaft coupling 50.
- this or a similar embodiment would allow for extraction of fluids, tissue, or other materials (such as blood, fluid, or cells) into the syringe body 18 by pulling back on the syringe plunger 19.
- a switch of the handpiece clip 46 may be located distal to the guide shaft coupling 50 and distal to some or all of the plunger 19.
- the switch of the handpiece dip 46 may be located adjacent the exterior handpiece body lb and may allow for easier and more convenient actuation of the plunger 19 during use of the device.
- FIG. 7B shows this embodiment with the guide shaft 49 pressing the plunger 19 to a forward position 63 following delivery of fluid contents (or the starting condition for fluid removal procedure).
- FIG. 7C shows this embodiment with the guide shaft 49 pulling the plunger 19 to a backward position 64 for the purpose of removing fluids (or the starting condition for fluid delivery procedure).
- FIG. 8A-8C shows an alternate embodiment of FIG. 7A, geared slider device 57, which incorporates a fluid delivery source, such as a syringe, actuated by a driving actuator 1.
- Power is initialized and de-initialized by the power button 9 and supplied to the driving actuator 1 via the power cable 7, This could also be done with use of a foot switch 62 (as shown in FIG. 5).
- the actuation is transferred from the driving actuator 1 to the syringe via a keyed coupler 6 and a syringe clip 52,
- the syringe clip is mechanically attached to the keyed coupler 6 by use of a LUE - Lok coupling member (such as a thumb coupler 53),
- the syringe clip 52 pivots around the thumb coupler 53 360° to allow for quick attachment and detachment to the syringe coupler 51 which provides the mechanical attachment to both the syringe body 18 and the penetrating member 10.
- the syringe body 18 can be reversibly attached to the driving actuator handpiece body lb by a handpiece clip 46, The syringe body 18 could be held in place using an interchangeable syringe adapter 47 that is inserted into a cavity of the handpiece clip 46, allowing for different sizes of the syringe body 18 and allowing for controlled linear movement of the syringe body 18 within the syringe adapter 47.
- the plunger 19 may move in relation to the handpiece body lb.
- a means of visibility such as the syringe adapter window 48 is used to allow for clear visibility of the level of fluid (such as medication, fluids, or vaccines) within the syringe.
- fluid may be delivered into the body via an inner iumen of the penetrating member 10 that is attached to the syringe body 18 through a syringe coupler 51. Movement of the plunger 19 is initiated through movement of the geared guide shaft 49a and is coup!ed to the geared guide shaft 49a through the guide shaft coupling 50.
- a mechanical mechanism including but not limited to a drive gear 54 or a drive gear accompanied by another gear, drive gear two 54a, housed within the drive gear housing 55 can be used to drive the geared guide shaft 49a.
- the means of providing forward or backward motion to the drive gear 54 or drive gear two 54a is through human kinetic energy or electric energy converted to mechanical energy such as but not limited to a DC motor (not shown).
- this or a similar embodiment would allow for extraction of fluids, tissue, or other materials (such as blood, fluid, or cells) into the syringe body 18 by pulling back on the syringe plunger 19.
- FIG, 8A shows this embodiment with the geared guide shaft 49a pressing the piunger 19 to a forward position 63 following delivery of fluid contents (or the starting condition for fluid removal procedure).
- FIG. SB shows this embodiment with the geared guide shaft 49a perpetratling the plunger 19 to a backward position 64 for the purpose of removing fluids (or the starting condition for fluid delivery procedure)
- FIG, 8C shows the geared slider device 57 with the use of a drive gear 54 to move the plunger 19 to a forward position 63 and a back position 64 as shown in FIG. 8A and 8B.
- FIG. 8D shows the geared slider device 57 with the use of a drive gear 54 and drive gear two 54a to move the plunger 19 to a forward position 63 and a back position 64 as shown in FIG. 8A and 8B. If only one gear is turned, drive gear 54 or drive gear two 54a, the other will move simultaneously do to the idler gear 54b along with the interlocking teeth of the geared drive shaft 49a.
- FIG. 9 displays experimental data obtained with a VCM embodiment of the driving actuator (1 in FIG. 1A) which demonstrates the frequency response behavior of the device as an elastic axial force is applied to keyed coupler 6 (not shown).
- the frequency response of the driving actuator in air (non-loaded) 26 exhibits resonant behavior with a peak displacement occurring at the resonant frequency in air 28, After the application of a moderate axial load of 1 N
- the device resonant frequency shifts 31 according to the new frequency response of driving actuator with axial force applied 27 (1 elastic load force, applied axiaily).
- axial force applied 27 (1 elastic load force, applied axiaily).
- the device were for instance operated at the original resonant frequency in air 28 when axial load force is applied during the course of tissue penetration, then it would cause an upward resonant frequency shift 31 with a resultant oscillatory displacement damping 30 at original resonant frequency 28.
- One method to overcome this shortcoming is to choose a damping resistant operating frequency 32 that is significantly higher than the original resonant frequency in air 28. As shown by the plots in FIG.
- FIGs. 10A and 10B show frequency response curves of a simulated 2nd order mass- spring-damper model with parameters chosen to match behavior comparable to driving actuator characterized in FIG, 9.
- the simulated frequency response in air 33 of a VC -based driving actuator in air has a resonant displacement peak in air 35 occurring at the resonant frequency in air 28.
- LVDT LVDT
- the controller would adjust the operating frequency closer to the resonant frequency in tissue 71 so that the displacement would necessarily increase closer to the resonant displacement peak in tissue 37.
- FIG. 1GB a second method of employing feedback to adjust driving parameters is depicted based on current amplitude control,
- current instead of frequency is adjusted during tissue penetration in an attempt to maintain oscillatory displacement levels.
- a driving actuator with simulated frequency response in air 33 is driven at the shown operating frequency 38 yielding the oscillatory displacement at operating frequency in air 39.
- the penetrating member attached to the driving actuator contacts tissue, the simulated frequency response in tissue 34 may be shifted relative to the simulated frequency response in air 33 as the graph suggests.
- the shifted simulated frequency response in tissue 34 has reduced displacement at operating frequency after contacting tissue 40 at the operating frequency 38,
- current amplitude supplied to the driving actuator is increased, resulting in a modified frequency response following increase in current 41, shifted upward as indicated by the arrow 42.
- Current is increased until the oscillatory displacement reaches the displacement at operating frequency in air 39, At this point the modified frequency response 41 of the coupled system intersects the original simulated frequency response in air 33 at the operating frequency 38, albeit requiring a higher driving current amplitude.
- Additional means for maintaining oscillatory displacement level could employ a combination of frequency and current control.
- FIG. 11 shows the oscillatory displacement amplitude that was measured during insertions into skin tissue at different operating frequency.
- the resonant frequency of the driving actuator which was used to obtain these curves was near 95 Hz.
- the oscillatory displacement is damped considerably as shown in the displacement versus insertion depth plot with operating frequency at 95 Hz 43.
- the displacement actually increases as the penetrating member contacted and inserted through tissue as shown in displacement versus insertion depth plot with operating frequency at 120 Hz 44, Choosing an even higher operating frequency, the displacement versus insertion depth plot with operating frequency at 150 Hz 45 remained relatively flat.
- FIG. 12 presents data obtained from insertions into porcine skin with an 18 gauge hypodermic needle serving as the penetrating member. Performance for different operating frequency and starting (in air) oscillatory displacement settings are shown. Depending on the choice of operating parameters, significant force reductions are seen in comparison to insertions of a non-actuated (non-oscillated) needle,
- FIG. 13 is a control electronics diagram 65 that presents one method of utilizing voltage and current sensing for various control actions.
- the control electronics employ two sensing methods to ensure that the motor function is operating correctly and to signal the operator if any faults occur.
- the voltage from the power supply is applied directly to the Motor Driver IC This voltage is also sensed by the Microcontroller through a Voltage Divider circuit, The Microcontroller monitors this voltage signal and will disable the Motor Driver IC and initiate the Buzzer if the voltage level is outside of a predetermined window.
- the Microcontroller also senses and monitors the current through the motor via a current sense pin on the Motor Driver IC. If this current level exceeds a
- the Microcontroller will disable the Motor Driver IC and initiate the Buzzer.
- the microcontroller could also be monitoring voltage and current frequency and their relative phase angles.
- the VCM coil 2 may be driven by control circuitry such that a constant supply voltage can be applied to the VCM coil 2 at both positive and negative potential or can be turned off to apply zero volts.
- This supply voltage is switched on and off at a frequency between 10 kHz and 40 kHz where the time that the supply voltage is either 'on' or 'off' can be adjusted.
- the average voltage seen by the VCH coil 2 over a given switching cycle is proportional to the time the supply voltage is applied, For example, if the supply voltage is applied for 50% of the switching cycle the average voltage seen by the VCM coil 2 will be 50% of the supply voltage.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB1608468.3A GB2534525B (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2014-10-24 | Device and method for less forceful tissue puncture |
DE112014004852.6T DE112014004852T5 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2014-10-24 | Device and method for a less powerful tissue puncture |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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US201361895789P | 2013-10-25 | 2013-10-25 | |
US61/895,789 | 2013-10-25 | ||
US14/329,177 | 2014-07-11 | ||
US14/329,177 US20140323855A1 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2014-07-11 | Medical Tool for Reduced Penetration Force with Feedback Means |
US14/522,681 | 2014-10-24 | ||
US14/522,681 US10219832B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2014-10-24 | Device and method for less forceful tissue puncture |
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WO2015061643A3 WO2015061643A3 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
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DE (1) | DE112014004852T5 (en) |
GB (2) | GB2579726B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015061643A2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
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WO2017184535A1 (en) * | 2016-04-17 | 2017-10-26 | Acantha Medical, Inc. | Device and method for single-handed access and insertion of an article |
CN108042905A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-18 | 李雪 | A kind of tattooning penlike device of electromagnetic propulsion |
WO2019125428A1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Biopsy device having a linear motor |
US10517629B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-12-31 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Disposable debrider with cannulated solenoid |
WO2020237049A1 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-26 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Devices, systems, and methods for biological sample collection |
US11717342B2 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2023-08-08 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Medical device |
US11766288B2 (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2023-09-26 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Flexible bipolar sheath |
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US4553541A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1985-11-19 | Becton, Dickinson And Co. | Automatic retractable lancet assembly |
US7226461B2 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2007-06-05 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for a multi-use body fluid sampling device with sterility barrier release |
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EP1970007B1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2009-07-01 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Lancet device |
US8328738B2 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2012-12-11 | Actuated Medical, Inc. | Medical tool for reduced penetration force with feedback means |
-
2014
- 2014-10-24 GB GB2001058.3A patent/GB2579726B/en active Active
- 2014-10-24 DE DE112014004852.6T patent/DE112014004852T5/en active Pending
- 2014-10-24 WO PCT/US2014/062099 patent/WO2015061643A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-10-24 GB GB1608468.3A patent/GB2534525B/en active Active
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2017184535A1 (en) * | 2016-04-17 | 2017-10-26 | Acantha Medical, Inc. | Device and method for single-handed access and insertion of an article |
US11285301B2 (en) | 2016-04-17 | 2022-03-29 | Acantha Medical, LLC | Device and method for single-handed access and insertion of an article |
CN108042905A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-18 | 李雪 | A kind of tattooning penlike device of electromagnetic propulsion |
WO2019125428A1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-27 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Biopsy device having a linear motor |
EP3669790A1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-06-24 | C.R. Bard, Inc. | Biopsy device having a motor |
US11337682B2 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2022-05-24 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Biopsy device having a linear motor |
US10517629B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-12-31 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Disposable debrider with cannulated solenoid |
US11564705B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2023-01-31 | Gyras ACMI, Inc. | Disposable debrider with cannulated solenoid |
US11766288B2 (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2023-09-26 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Flexible bipolar sheath |
US11717342B2 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2023-08-08 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Medical device |
WO2020237049A1 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2020-11-26 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Devices, systems, and methods for biological sample collection |
EP3972544A4 (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2023-04-26 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Devices, systems, and methods for biological sample collection |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB202001058D0 (en) | 2020-03-11 |
DE112014004852T5 (en) | 2016-07-14 |
WO2015061643A3 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
GB2579726B (en) | 2020-11-25 |
GB2534525B (en) | 2020-04-08 |
GB2534525A (en) | 2016-07-27 |
GB201608468D0 (en) | 2016-06-29 |
GB2579726A (en) | 2020-07-01 |
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