WO2015058487A1 - 基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测系统及预警方法 - Google Patents

基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测系统及预警方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015058487A1
WO2015058487A1 PCT/CN2014/074081 CN2014074081W WO2015058487A1 WO 2015058487 A1 WO2015058487 A1 WO 2015058487A1 CN 2014074081 W CN2014074081 W CN 2014074081W WO 2015058487 A1 WO2015058487 A1 WO 2015058487A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roof
fiber grating
ground
monitoring
fiber
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PCT/CN2014/074081
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方新秋
梁敏富
刘晓宁
吴刚
樊海亮
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Application filed by China University of Mining and Technology CUMT, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB filed Critical China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
Priority to AU2014339681A priority Critical patent/AU2014339681A1/en
Priority to RU2016104531A priority patent/RU2630334C2/ru
Publication of WO2015058487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015058487A1/zh
Priority to ZA2015/07452A priority patent/ZA201507452B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to AU2017204543A priority patent/AU2017204543B2/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roadway roof separation monitoring system and an early warning method, in particular to a fiber grating-based roadway roof separation dynamic monitoring system and an early warning method.
  • the surrounding rock of the roadway will be separated from the layer due to the tensile and shear failure of the external force. Especially the bolt support roadway is more likely to cause the roof to be separated.
  • the roof separation layer is one of the main forms of deformation and destruction of the surrounding rock of the roadway. When the roof is separated from the layer by a certain range, it indicates that the roof is in an unstable state. If the support measures are not taken in time, a roof accident such as roof collapse will occur directly. It is related to the personal safety of coal miners and the smooth progress of coal mine production.
  • the roof separation layer needs to be monitored at any time in order to understand the rationality of the bolt support parameter setting, the stability of the roof and the development of the fracture position of the overburden on the roof of the roadway. Thereby effectively preventing the occurrence of roof collapse accidents and ensuring safe production of coal mines.
  • the roof separation monitoring devices commonly used in coal mines in China are mostly mechanical roadway roof separation indicator and roadway roof separation indicator with sound and light alarm by electrical components.
  • the existing roof separation monitoring system is based on Zigbee.
  • the coal mine roof dynamic monitoring system and the M-BUS bus-based roof separation monitoring system with CAN bus technology although these methods play an active role in preventing the roof from falling, the above monitoring methods still have the following disadvantages:
  • the monitoring devices are all artificial.
  • the object of the present invention is to adapt to the safe and efficient production of coal mines now, to meet the safety requirements of coal mines, to provide an intrinsic safety, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, small environmental impact, and reliability.
  • High-performance, high-precision measurement capable of timely warning and alarming on the off-board data of the roof, automatic monitoring and real-time online dynamic continuous monitoring.
  • a fiber grating-based dynamic monitoring system for roadway roof separation including ground data processing and control subsystem, underground data transmission communication subsystem, downhole sensing
  • the data acquisition subsystem consists of three parts; the ground data processing and subsystem are placed in the ground control center, and the ground data processing and subsystem consists of the ground main monitoring computer, the fiber grating demodulation device and the power supply.
  • the power supply is the ground.
  • the upper main monitoring computer and the fiber grating demodulation device provide a rated power supply;
  • the downhole transmission communication subsystem is composed of a mining transmission fiber and a fiber junction box, wherein the series transmission fiber is connected in series with a series of fiber junction boxes;
  • the downhole sensing data acquisition subsystem includes at least one fiber grating top plate separation monitoring The device, the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device is connected to the fiber optic junction box through the fiber pigtail fiber; the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device of the downhole sensing data acquisition subsystem passes through the fiber pigtail fiber and the fiber junction box and the mine transmission
  • the optical fiber connection, the mining transmission fiber is connected with the fiber grating demodulation device of the ground control central room, and the fiber grating demodulation device is connected with the ground upper monitoring computer; the remote roadway top plate dynamic monitoring system for forming the monitoring system ground and underground communication .
  • the monitoring system communicates with the ground in the downhole manner, and each of the fiber grating top plate off-layer monitoring devices of the downhole sensing data acquisition subsystem transmits the wavelength information of the separated off-layer layer through the fiber pigtail and the fiber optic junction box.
  • the fiber grating demodulation device demodulates the wavelength information data into digital signal data, and then communicates through the network cable.
  • the method transmits the digital signal to the main monitoring computer on the ground, and the main monitoring computer on the ground performs post-processing on the data, and timely feeds the data back to the underground to realize mutual communication between the ground and the underground.
  • the ground upper main monitoring computer embeds the top plate off-layer data analysis processing software.
  • the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device can be installed and monitored by the following steps:
  • One of the two gangs of the roadway is provided with a fiber optic junction box, and a drill with a diameter of 35-40 mm is drilled in the vicinity of the roof support bolt to drill a depth of 6-8 m on the roof of the roadway;
  • a shallow measuring point and a deep measuring point are arranged inside the borehole, wherein the shallow measuring point is located at the same height as the upper end of the roof supporting anchor, and the deep measuring point is set at the stable rock layer at the upper end of the drilling hole.
  • the fiber pigtails exposed in the roadway are connected to the fiber optic junction box, and the fiber grating top plate off-layer monitoring device can sense the displacement of the top plate from the layer.
  • An early warning method for fiber-grating based roof dynamic monitoring system including the following contents:
  • the power supply power supply is used to supply power to the ground host monitoring computer and the fiber grating demodulation device, and the fiber grating demodulation device is preheated for three minutes to make the fiber grating demodulation device enter a ready state;
  • the fiber grating top plate off-layer monitoring device dynamically collects the displacement data of the top plate from the layer in real time, and determines whether the warning range is reached by automatically comparing the real-time displacement data with the set threshold value of the warning constant;
  • the beneficial effect is that, due to the above scheme, when the roadway is excavated, the surrounding rock is deformed, resulting in shallow rock formation and The deep rock formations are separated and the roof is sinking.
  • Two measuring points are arranged in the top plate drilling: the shallow measuring point and the deep measuring point, the shallow measuring point is set at the same height as the end of the top supporting bolt, and the deep measuring point is set in the relatively stable deep circumference.
  • an anchor is placed at the measuring point to anchor the anchor to the roof rock.
  • the invention adopts an indirect method for measuring the top plate separation layer of the bolt support roadway.
  • the anchor of the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device moves synchronously with the roof rock layer, so that the fiber grating top plate is separated from the layer monitoring device.
  • the fiber grating is strained, causing the center wavelength of the fiber grating to drift.
  • the fiber demodulation device is used to demodulate the wavelength signal into a digital signal, which is transmitted to the ground main monitoring computer, which can dynamically display the data change of the top layer from the layer in real time.
  • the displacement data exceeds the set warning threshold, an early warning will occur, and corresponding measures will be taken in time to effectively prevent the roof from being unstable and collapsed.
  • the application of this technology is to measure the size of the outer roof and the evaluation bolt in the anchoring area of the bolt support roadway. The effectiveness of support, the safety of roadways and the avoidance of sudden damage are of great significance.
  • the invention has the following advantages:
  • Fiber Bragg Gratings have extremely sensitive sensing characteristics and are capable of measuring the amount of displacement that varies little from the layer.
  • the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device utilizes the core technology of fiber grating.
  • the fiber grating is intrinsically safe and passive. It can realize direct data acquisition in the underground field, which is convenient and flexible, and has strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability.
  • the optical fiber is used for signal transmission. , Long transmission distance, high reliability and large measuring range.
  • the automatic monitoring of the top layer and the real-time online dynamic continuous measurement are realized.
  • the measured value of the displacement of the top plate can be calculated by measuring the wavelength change of the fiber grating.
  • the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway can be obtained in time. It is reasonable to check whether the bolt support parameters are reasonable. Once the deformation of the surrounding rock exceeds the warning threshold, the early warning signal can be issued accurately and conveniently, so that the corresponding engineering measures can be taken in time and the original branch can be corrected. Maintenance parameters, to ensure the safe production of coal mines and to guide the design and construction of roadway support.
  • the system can automatically save the separation monitoring data, analyze the separation displacement data monitored under the same surrounding rock conditions, and explore the deformation law of the surrounding rock of the roof, and provide the safe construction and design of the roadway with complicated and varied surrounding rock conditions. in accordance with.
  • Fig. 1 is a view showing the overall arrangement of a monitoring system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a mounting view of a single fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of the entire layer roadway fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a dynamic monitoring system for roadway roof separation based on fiber grating.
  • the system includes ground data processing and control subsystem 1, downhole data transmission communication subsystem 2, and downhole sensing data acquisition subsystem.
  • the ground data processing and subsystem 1 is placed in the ground control center room 11, and the ground data processing and subsystem 1 is composed of the ground upper main monitoring computer 4, the fiber grating demodulating device 5 and the power supply 6, and the power supply 6 is
  • the ground main monitoring computer 4 and the fiber grating demodulating device 5 provide a rated power supply;
  • the downhole transmission communication subsystem 2 is composed of a mining transmission fiber 7 and a fiber junction box 8, wherein the series transmission fiber 7 is connected in series with a series of fiber junction boxes. 8;
  • the downhole sensing data acquisition subsystem 3 includes at least one fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device 10, and the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device 10 is connected to the fiber optic junction box 8 through the fiber pigtail 9.
  • the manner in which the monitoring system communicates with the ground and the well is:
  • the respective fiber grating top plate isolation monitoring device 10 of the downhole sensing data acquisition subsystem 3 is connected to the mining transmission fiber 7 through the fiber pigtail 9 and the fiber junction box 8.
  • the wavelength information of the top layer of the collected monitoring layer is transmitted to the mining transmission fiber 7, and the mining transmission fiber 7 is connected to the fiber grating demodulating device 5 of the ground control center room 11, and the wired transmission mode of the mining transmission fiber 7 is transmitted to
  • the fiber grating demodulating device 5 of the ground control center room 11 and the fiber grating demodulating device 5 are connected to the ground main monitoring computer 4, and the fiber grating demodulating device 5 demodulates the wavelength information data into digital signal data, and then communicates through the network cable.
  • the method transmits the digital signal to the ground main monitoring computer 4, and the ground main monitoring computer 4 performs post-processing on the data, and timely feeds the data back to the underground to realize mutual communication between the ground and the underground to form a remote communication between the ground and the underground.
  • Roadway roof separation dynamic monitoring system
  • Figure 2 is a layout diagram of the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device, which can be installed and monitored by the following steps:
  • One of the two gangs of the roadway 12 is provided with a fiber optic junction box 8, and a drill hole having a diameter of 35-40 mm is drilled in the vicinity of the roof support bolt 13 on the top plate of the roadway 12 to a predetermined Depth
  • a shallow measuring point 15 and a deep measuring point 16 are arranged inside the borehole 14, wherein the shallow measuring point 15 is disposed at the same height as the upper end of the roof supporting anchor 13 and the deep measuring point 16 is disposed at Inside the stable rock formation at the upper end of the borehole 14;
  • the fiber pigtail 9 exposed in the roadway 12 is connected to the fiber junction box. 8.
  • the fiber grating top plate separation monitoring device can sense the displacement of the top plate from the layer.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement point of the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device in the entire roadway, in the return air passage 22 and the air inlet roadway 23 at a position 120m from the upper and lower ends of the working surface 20, at a distance of 50m in two
  • the measuring points are arranged in the roadway, and the fiber grating top plate off-layer monitoring device is arranged in the measuring point, and the fiber grating top plate separation layer monitoring device is sequentially connected through the fiber junction box and the mining transmission fiber to form a monitoring network, and the real-time dynamic monitoring records the roadway.
  • the amount of displacement of the roof from the different positions of the coal wall at the working face is used to analyze the change of the supporting pressure to ensure the safety and stability of the bolt supporting roadway.
  • Data processing and early warning methods including the following:
  • the power supply power supply is used to supply power to the ground host monitoring computer and the fiber grating demodulation device, and the fiber grating demodulation device is preheated for three minutes to make the fiber grating demodulation device enter a ready state;
  • the fiber grating top plate off-layer monitoring device dynamically collects the displacement data of the top plate from the layer in real time, and determines whether the warning range is reached by automatically comparing the real-time displacement data with the set threshold value of the warning constant;
  • the present invention provides a fiber grating-based dynamic monitoring system for roadway roof separation and an early warning method.
  • the system realizes automatic monitoring of the roof separation layer and real-time online dynamic continuous measurement, and the fiber grating is extremely sensitive.
  • Sensing characteristics intrinsically safe, direct data acquisition at the underground site, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability; signal transmission using optical fiber, long transmission distance, high reliability, large measuring range; timely obtaining deformation of surrounding rock of roadway, inspection Whether the bolt support parameters are reasonable, once the deformation of the surrounding rock exceeds the warning threshold, the early warning signal can be issued accurately and conveniently, so that the corresponding engineering measures can be taken in time, and the original support parameters are corrected.
  • the early warning method is accurate and convenient; Data, analysis and study of the separation displacement data monitored under the same surrounding rock conditions, can explore the deformation law of the surrounding rock of the roof, and provide the basis for the safe construction and design of the roadway with complicated and varied surrounding conditions. Safe construction and stability To sense.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测系统,包括地面数据处理及控制子系统(1)、井下数据传输通讯子系统(2)、井下传感数据采集子系统(3)三部分:地面数据处理及控制子系统(1)安放在地面控制中心室(11)内,由地面上位主监控计算机(4)、光纤光栅解调装置(5)和供电电源(6)组成;井下传输通讯子系统(2)由矿用传输光纤(7)和光纤接线盒(8)组成;井下传感数据采集子系统(3)包括至少一个光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置(10)。一种基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测预警方法也被公开。该系统与预警方法实现了顶板离层的实时在线动态连续测量,获得巷道围岩的变形情况,检验锚杆支护参数的合理性,一旦超出离层的预警阈值,可准确的发出预警信号,以便及时采取措施,防止顶板坍塌。

Description

基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测系统及预警方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种巷道顶板离层监测系统及预警方法, 具体是一种基于光纤光栅的巷 道顶板离层动态监测系统及预警方法。
背景技术
在煤矿生产中, 巷道围岩由于受到外力的拉张和剪切破坏会发生离层, 特别是锚杆 支护巷道更加容易发生顶板离层。 顶板离层是巷道围岩变形和破坏的主要形式之一, 当 顶板离层超过一定范围, 即表明顶板处于非稳定状态, 如果不及时采取支护措施, 便会 发生冒顶等恶性顶板事故, 直接关系到煤矿工人的人身安全和煤矿生产的顺利进行。 因 此, 对于锚杆支护巷道来说, 顶板离层需要随时进行监测, 以便了解锚杆的支护参数设 定的合理性、 顶板的稳定性和巷道顶板上覆岩层裂隙位置的发育等情况, 从而有效的防 止顶板坍塌事故的发生, 确保煤矿安全生产。
目前, 我国煤矿井下常用的顶板离层监测装置多为机械式巷道顶板离层指示仪和借 助电器元件以声光方式报警的巷道顶板离层指示仪, 现有的顶板离层监测系统有基于 Zigbee和 CAN总线技术的煤矿顶板动态监测系统和基于 M-BUS总线的顶板离层监测系 统, 虽然这些手段对预防顶板冒落起到积极作用, 但是上述监测手段仍具有以下缺点: 监测装置均采用人工定时观察测量顶板离层状况, 在井下读数不便, 同时受井下巷道条 件、 灯光强度的限制, 读数人为误差较大; 监测系统采用单片机作为控制器, 测量精度 不高, 况且抗电磁干扰能力不强, 受环境影响较大, 测量范围小, 可靠性较低, 对巷道 顶板离层动态连续监测的实施效果不佳, 同时不能对顶板离层的发生进行预警, 对巷道 和采掘工程的安全性和可靠性带来很大的影响。
发明内容
技术问题: 为了克服现有技术中的不足, 本发明的目的是为了适应现在煤矿安全高 效生产, 满足煤矿井下安全需要, 提供的一种本质安全, 抗电磁干扰能力强, 受环境影 响小, 可靠性高, 测量精度高, 能够对顶板离层数据进行及时预警和报警, 可自动监测 及实时在线动态连续监测的一种基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测系统及预警方 法。
技术方案: 为能达到本发明的目的, 通过如下技术方案实现: 一种基于光纤光栅的 巷道顶板离层动态监测系统, 包括地面数据处理及控制子系统、 井下数据传输通讯子系 统、 井下传感数据采集子系统三部分; 所述的地面数据处理及子系统安放在地面控制中 心室内, 地面数据处理及子系统由地面上位主监控计算机、 光纤光栅解调装置和供电电 源组成, 供电电源为地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置提供额定的电源; 所述 的井下传输通讯子系统由矿用传输光纤和光纤接线盒组成, 其中矿用传输光纤上串联一 系列光纤接线盒; 所述的井下传感数据采集子系统包括至少一个光纤光栅顶板离层监测 装置, 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置通过光纤尾纤与光纤接线盒连接; 所述的井下传感数 据采集子系统的各个光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置通过光纤尾纤和光纤接线盒与矿用传输 光纤连接, 矿用传输光纤与地面控制中心室的光纤光栅解调装置连接, 光纤光栅解调装 置与地面上位主监控计算机连接; 形成监测系统地面和井下相互通讯的远程巷道顶板离 层动态监测系统。
所述的监测系统地面和井下相互通讯的方式为, 井下传感数据采集子系统的各个光 纤光栅顶板离层监测装置通过光纤尾纤和光纤接线盒将采集监测的顶板离层的波长信息 数据传至矿用传输光纤, 然后以矿用传输光纤的有线通讯方式传送至地面控制中心室的 光纤光栅解调装置, 光纤光栅解调装置将波长信息数据进行解调为数字信号数据, 然后 通过网线通讯方式将数字信号传至地面上位主监控计算机, 地面上位主监控计算机对数 据进行后期处理, 并及时的将数据反馈至井下, 实现地面与井下的相互通讯。
所述的地面上位主监控计算机内嵌顶板离层数据分析处理软件。
所述的光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置可通过如下步骤进行安装并监测:
A、 在巷道两帮的其中一帮安设有光纤接线盒, 在顶板支护锚杆的附近用直径为 35-40mm的钻头在巷道的顶板上钻一深度为 6-8m的钻孔;
B、在钻孔内部布置一个浅部测点和一个深部测点,其中浅部测点设置在与顶板支护 锚杆上端处于同一高度的位置处, 深部测点设置在钻孔上端的稳定岩层内;
C、用端部带槽的安装杆将深部锚固器推至深部测点处,将浅部锚固器推至浅部测点 处, 轻拉钢丝绳, 确保锚固器与岩层锚固在一起;
D、待安装好以后, 裸露在巷道内的光纤尾纤连接至光纤接线盒, 光纤光栅顶板离层 监测装置即可感知顶板离层的位移变化。
一种基于光纤光栅的顶板离层动态监测系统的预警方法, 包括以下内容:
A、首先利用供电电源对地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置进行供电,对光 纤光栅解调装置进行预热三分钟, 使光纤光栅解调装置进入准备工作状态;
B、 其次, 设置 IP地址, 使地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置在同一地址 域工作, 以便地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置之间能够相互准确的传送数据;
C、 再者, 对系统进行初始设置, 设置顶板离层位移数据的预警常数阈值, 同时记录 顶板离层位移的原始数据;
D、 随后, 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置实时动态采集顶板离层的位移数据, 通过自动 比较实时的位移数据和设置的预警常数阈值之间的大小, 判断是否达到预警范围;
E、 最后, 如果不发生预警, 则表示离层位移的大小在顶板稳定的可控范围内; 如果 发生预警, 则记录保存预警的时间、 离层位移的数值大小和顶板离层的位置, 同时采取 有效的防护措施, 防止顶板失稳坍塌, 确保煤矿的安全生产。
有益效果, 由于采用了上述方案, 当巷道开挖后, 围岩产生变形, 导致浅部岩层与 深部岩层出现离层, 顶板出现下沉。 在顶板钻孔中布置两个测点: 即浅部测点和深部测 点, 浅部测点设置在与顶板支护锚杆端部相同高度的位置, 深部测点设置在比较稳定的 深部围岩中, 在测点处安设锚固器, 使锚固器与顶板岩层锚固在一起。 本发明采用间接 的方法测量锚杆支护巷道的顶板离层, 当顶板出现离层时, 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置 的锚固器与顶板岩层同步移动,使得光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置内的光纤光栅发生应变, 使得光纤光栅的中心波长产生漂移, 利用光纤解调装置将波长信号解调为数字信号, 传 至地面上位主监控计算机, 可实时动态显示顶板离层的数据变化, 当离层位移数据超过 设置的预警阈值时, 会发生预警, 及时有效的采取相应措施, 对阻止顶板失稳坍塌, 这 一技术的应用对测量锚杆支护巷道锚固区内外顶板离层大小、 评价锚杆支护效果、 巷道 安全程度和避免突发性破坏的发生具有重要意义。
本发明与已有技术相比, 有如下优点:
1、 光纤光栅具有极其灵敏的传感特性, 能够测量出离层发生很小变化的位移量。
2、 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置利用了光纤光栅的核心技术, 光纤光栅本质安全, 无 源工作, 可实现井下现场直接采集数据, 方便灵活, 抗电磁干扰能力强; 同时, 利用光 纤进行信号传输, 传输距离远, 可靠性高, 测量范围大。
3、 实现了顶板离层的自动监测及实时在线动态连续测量, 通过测得光纤光栅波长变 化就可以计算出顶板离层位移数值的大小。
4、 可及时获得巷道围岩的变形情况, 检验锚杆支护参数是否合理, 一旦发现围岩变 形超出预警阈值, 能够准确方便的发出预警信号, 以便及时采取相应的工程措施, 并修 正原支护参数, 保证煤矿安全生产和指导巷道支护设计与施工。
5、 系统能够自动保存离层监测数据, 对相同围岩条件下监测的离层位移数据进行分 析研究, 可以探寻顶板围岩的变形规律, 为围岩条件复杂多变的巷道安全施工和设计提 供依据。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的监测系统的整体布置结构图。
图 2为本发明的单个光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置的安装图。
图 3为本发明的整条巷道光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置的布置点图。
图中: 1、 地面数据处理及控制子系统; 2、 井下数据传输通讯子系统; 3、 井下传感 数据采集子系统; 4、 地面上位主监控计算机; 5、 光纤光栅解调装置; 6、 供电电源; 7、 矿用传输光纤; 8、 光纤接线盒; 9、 光纤尾纤; 10、 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置; 11、 地面控制中心室; 12、 巷道; 13、 顶板支护锚杆; 14、 钻孔; 15、 浅部测点; 16、 深部 测点; 17、 浅部锚固器; 18、 深部锚固器; 19、 钢丝绳; 20、 工作面; 21、 采空区; 22、 回风巷道; 23、 进风巷道。
具体实施方式 下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的描述:
实施例 1 : 图 1为一种基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测系统,系统包括地面数 据处理及控制子系统 1、井下数据传输通讯子系统 2、井下传感数据采集子系统 3三部分; 其中, 地面数据处理及子系统 1安放在地面控制中心室 11内, 地面数据处理及子系统 1 由地面上位主监控计算机 4、光纤光栅解调装置 5和供电电源 6组成,供电电源 6为地面 上位主监控计算机 4和光纤光栅解调装置 5提供额定的电源; 井下传输通讯子系统 2由 矿用传输光纤 7和光纤接线盒 8组成, 其中矿用传输光纤 7上串联一系列光纤接线盒 8; 井下传感数据采集子系统 3包括至少一个光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置 10, 光纤光栅顶板 离层监测装置 10通过光纤尾纤 9与光纤接线盒 8连接。
所述的监测系统地面和井下相互通讯的方式为: 井下传感数据采集子系统 3 的各个 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置 10通过光纤尾纤 9和光纤接线盒 8与矿用传输光纤 7连接, 将采集监测的顶板离层的波长信息数据传至矿用传输光纤 7,矿用传输光纤 7与地面控制 中心室 11的光纤光栅解调装置 5连接,矿用传输光纤 7的有线通讯方式传送至地面控制 中心室 11的光纤光栅解调装置 5,光纤光栅解调装置 5与地面上位主监控计算机 4连接, 光纤光栅解调装置 5将波长信息数据进行解调为数字信号数据, 然后通过网线通讯方式 将数字信号传至地面上位主监控计算机 4, 地面上位主监控计算机 4对数据进行后期处 理, 并及时的将数据反馈至井下, 实现地面与井下的相互通讯, 形成地面和井下相互通 讯的远程巷道顶板离层动态监测系统。
图 2为光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置的安装布置图,可通过如下步骤进行安装并监测:
A、在巷道 12两帮的其中一帮安设有光纤接线盒 8, 在顶板支护锚杆 13的附近用直 径为 35-40mm的钻头在巷道 12的顶板上钻一钻孔 14至预定的深度;
B、 在钻孔 14内部布置一个浅部测点 15和一个深部测点 16, 其中浅部测点 15设置 在与顶板支护锚杆 13上端处于同一高度的位置处,深部测点 16设置在钻孔 14上端的稳 定岩层内;
C、 用端部带槽的安装杆将深部锚固器 18推至深部测点 16处, 将浅部锚固器 17推 至浅部测点 15处, 轻拉钢丝绳 19, 确保锚固器与岩层锚固在一起;
D、 待安装好以后, 裸露在巷道 12内的光纤尾纤 9连接至光纤接线盒 8, 光纤光栅 顶板离层监测装置即可感知顶板离层的位移变化。
图 3为整条巷道内光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置的布置点示意图,在距离工作面 20上 下两个端头 120m位置的回风巷道 22和进风巷道 23内, 按照 50m的间距在两条巷道内 布置测点, 将光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置布置在测点内, 通过光纤接线盒和矿用传输光 纤依次连接各光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置, 组成监测网络, 实时动态监测记录巷道中距 工作面煤壁不同位置处的顶板离层位移量, 用以分析支承压力的变化, 保证锚杆支护巷 道的安全及稳定。 数据处理过程及预警方法, 包括以下内容:
A、首先利用供电电源对地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置进行供电,对光 纤光栅解调装置进行预热三分钟, 使光纤光栅解调装置进入准备工作状态;
B、 其次, 设置 IP地址, 使地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置在同一地址 域工作, 以便地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置之间能够相互准确的传送数据;
C、 再者, 对系统进行初始设置, 设置顶板离层位移数据的预警常数阈值, 同时记录 顶板离层位移的原始数据;
D、 随后, 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置实时动态采集顶板离层的位移数据, 通过自动 比较实时的位移数据和设置的预警常数阈值之间的大小, 判断是否达到预警范围;
E、 最后, 如果不发生预警, 则表示离层位移的大小在顶板稳定的可控范围内; 如果 发生预警, 则记录保存预警的时间、 离层位移的数值大小和顶板离层的位置, 同时采取 有效的防护措施, 防止顶板失稳坍塌, 确保煤矿的安全生产。
通过以上的具体实施, 本发明提供了一种基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测系 统及预警方法, 系统实现了顶板离层的自动监测及实时在线动态连续测量, 采用的光纤 光栅具有极其灵敏的传感特性, 同时本质安全, 井下现场直接采集数据, 抗电磁干扰能 力强; 利用光纤进行信号传输, 传输距离远, 可靠性高, 测量范围大; 可及时获得巷道 围岩的变形情况, 检验锚杆支护参数是否合理, 一旦发现围岩变形超出预警阈值, 能够 准确方便的发出预警信号, 以便及时采取相应的工程措施, 并修正原支护参数, 预警方 法准确方便; 自动保存离层监测数据, 对相同围岩条件下监测的离层位移数据进行分析 研究, 可以探寻顶板围岩的变形规律, 为围岩条件复杂多变的巷道安全施工和设计提供 依据, 对锚杆支护巷道的安全施工及稳定性具有重要意义。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种基于光纤光栅的巷道顶板离层动态监测系统, 其特征是: 包括地面数据处理 及控制子系统、 井下数据传输通讯子系统、 井下传感数据采集子系统三部分; 所述的地 面数据处理及控制子系统安放在地面控制中心室内, 地面数据处理及控制子系统由地面 上位主监控计算机、 光纤光栅解调装置和供电电源组成, 供电电源为地面上位主监控计 算机和光纤光栅解调装置提供额定的电源; 所述的井下数据传输通讯子系统由矿用传输 光纤和光纤接线盒组成, 其中矿用传输光纤上串联一系列光纤接线盒; 所述的井下传感 数据采集子系统包括至少一个光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置, 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置 通过光纤尾纤与光纤接线盒连接, 所述的井下传感数据采集子系统的各个光纤光栅顶板 离层监测装置通过光纤尾纤和光纤接线盒与矿用传输光纤连接, 矿用传输光纤与地面控 制中心室的光纤光栅解调装置连接, 光纤光栅解调装置与地面上位主监控计算机连接; 形成监测系统地面和井下相互通讯的远程巷道顶板离层动态监测系统。
2、 根据权利要求书 1 所述的一种基于光纤光栅的顶板离层动态监测系统, 其特征在 于: 所述的地面上位主监控计算机内嵌顶板离层数据分析处理软件。
3、 一种权利要求 1 所述的基于光纤光栅的顶板离层动态监测系统的预警方法, 其特 征是: 包括有预警、 安装和监测方法, 所述的预警方法有以下内容:
A、 首先利用供电电源对地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置进行供电, 对光 纤光栅解调装置进行预热三分钟, 使光纤光栅解调装置进入准备工作状态;
B、 其次, 设置 IP地址, 使地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置在同一地址 域工作, 以便地面上位主监控计算机和光纤光栅解调装置之间能够相互准确的传送数 据;
C、 再者, 对系统进行初始设置, 设置顶板离层位移数据的预警常数阈值, 同时记录 顶板离层位移的原始数据;
D、 随后, 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置实时动态采集顶板离层的位移数据, 通过自动 比较实时的位移数据和设置的预警常数阈值之间的大小, 判断是否达到预警范围;
E、 最后, 如果不发生预警, 则表示离层位移的大小在顶板稳定的可控范围内; 如果 发生预警, 则记录保存预警的时间、 离层位移的数值大小和顶板离层的位置, 同时采取 有效的防护措施, 防止顶板失稳坍塌, 确保煤矿的安全生产;
所述的安装和监测方法, 光纤光栅顶板离层监测装置通过如下步骤进行安装并监
A、 在巷道两帮的其中一帮安设有光纤接线盒, 在顶板支护锚杆的附近用直径为 35- 40mm的钻头在巷道的顶板上钻一钻孔至预定的深度;
B、 在钻孔内部布置一个浅部测点和一个深部测点, 其中浅部测点设置在与顶板支护 锚杆上端处于同一高度的位置处, 深部测点设置在钻孔上端的稳定岩层内;
C、 用端部带槽的安装杆将深部锚固器推至深部测点处, 将浅部锚固器推至浅部测点 处, 轻拉钢丝绳, 确保锚固器与岩层锚固在一起;
D、 待安装好以后, 裸露在巷道内的光纤尾纤连接至光纤接线盒, 光纤光栅顶板离层 监测装置即可感知顶板离层的位移变化。
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