WO2015055033A1 - Procédé et dispositif de protection de métadonnées - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de protection de métadonnées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015055033A1
WO2015055033A1 PCT/CN2014/083034 CN2014083034W WO2015055033A1 WO 2015055033 A1 WO2015055033 A1 WO 2015055033A1 CN 2014083034 W CN2014083034 W CN 2014083034W WO 2015055033 A1 WO2015055033 A1 WO 2015055033A1
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Prior art keywords
storage unit
unit group
metadata
hard disk
type
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PCT/CN2014/083034
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
雷延钊
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2015055033A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015055033A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
    • G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
    • G06F11/1076—Parity data used in redundant arrays of independent storages, e.g. in RAID systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2211/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of data-processing equipment not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00
    • G06F2211/10—Indexing scheme relating to G06F11/10
    • G06F2211/1002—Indexing scheme relating to G06F11/1076
    • G06F2211/104—Metadata, i.e. metadata associated with RAID systems with parity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2211/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of data-processing equipment not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00
    • G06F2211/10—Indexing scheme relating to G06F11/10
    • G06F2211/1002—Indexing scheme relating to G06F11/1076
    • G06F2211/1045—Nested RAID, i.e. implementing a RAID scheme in another RAID scheme

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of computers, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for protecting metadata.
  • the logical hard disk is composed of multiple independent physical hard disks or hard disk blocks.
  • the hard disk block refers to the physical hard disk group according to a certain granularity (a number of physical hard disk combinations). Together, the hard disk space implements block virtualization, and the physical addresses of the virtualized hard disk blocks are continuous.
  • the metadata stored in the logical hard disk is generated during the user service configuration and running process, and is used to express key information such as spatial information, mapping relationship, and configuration information of the user stored data. Metadata Once the compromised logical hard drive is not working properly, metadata protection is critical.
  • Redundant Array of Independent Disks data storage method is to store data on a storage unit group composed of a plurality of independent physical hard disks or hard disk blocks, by storing the same or different data in Data backup or redundancy protection is implemented on multiple physical hard disks or hard disk blocks.
  • RAID1 mirrors the data of one hard disk block to another hard disk block. That is to say, when data is written to one hard disk block, an image file is generated on another idle hard disk block, which maximizes the performance without affecting performance. Assuring the reliability and repairability of the system, as long as at least one of the hard disk blocks in any pair of mirrored hard disk blocks in the system can be used, even when half of the number of hard disk blocks have problems, the system can operate normally, when a hard disk block When it fails, the system ignores the hard disk block and uses the remaining mirrored hard disk block to read and write data, which has good disk redundancy.
  • the metadata is backed up and protected by the data protection method of the established RAID1, and the protection mode is relatively simple. When one or more hard disk blocks fail, the correct data may be indistinguishable or the data recovery may exist. There is a risk that it takes a long time to read the correct metadata information even if the data can be recovered.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for protecting metadata, which solves the problem that a single protection mode may cause a failure to distinguish between correct data or a risk of data recovery.
  • a method for protecting metadata is provided, where the method includes:
  • the metadata belonging to different user data are respectively stored in the corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit group uses the first RAID storage mode;
  • the first type of RAID storage method includes: storing metadata belonging to different user data in the metadata in each physical storage unit or hard disk block in the corresponding first type of storage unit group;
  • a type of storage unit group includes at least two physical storage units or hard disk blocks, and the hard disk blocks are obtained by dividing physical storage unit groups according to a preset granularity.
  • At least two storage unit groups are selected in the first type of storage unit group, and according to the at least two storage units Forming the third storage unit group includes: selecting one physical storage unit or hard disk block in the first category;
  • L disk blocks constitute the third storage unit group
  • the third storage unit group includes at least three physical storage units or hard disk blocks, and the hard disk blocks are obtained by dividing physical storage unit groups according to a preset granularity.
  • generating, by the third storage unit group, the at least two metadata belonging to different user data, the first parity code and storing further includes:
  • the at least one other parity code is a parity code other than the third metadata of the second type of memory cell group stored in the different user data.
  • the first RAID storage mode is RAID1
  • the second RAID storage mode is RAID5.
  • a second aspect provides a protection device for metadata, where the device includes: a storage module, configured to acquire metadata, and store metadata belonging to different user data in the metadata in a corresponding first class
  • the first type of storage unit group uses a first type of storage mode
  • the protection module is configured to select at least two storage unit groups in the first type of storage unit group, and Forming, according to the at least two storage unit groups, a third storage unit group, wherein the third storage unit group stores at least two metadata belonging to different user data, and the third storage unit group belongs to the second type storage unit group
  • the second type of storage unit group uses the second RAID storage mode
  • the parity code module is configured to generate, for the third storage unit group, the at least two metadata belonging to different user data.
  • a parity code is stored and stored.
  • the storage module is specifically configured to: store metadata belonging to different user data in the metadata in a corresponding first type of storage unit group
  • the protection module is specifically configured to:
  • L disk blocks constitute the third storage unit group
  • the second type of storage unit group includes at least three physical storage units or hard disk blocks, and the hard disk blocks are obtained by dividing physical storage unit groups according to a preset granularity.
  • the parity code module is further configured to: generate a second parity for the first parity code and the at least one other parity code Code and store;
  • the at least one other parity code is other than the third storage unit group except the third storage unit group.
  • the first RAID storage mode is RAID1
  • the second RAID storage mode is RAID5.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for protecting metadata, first acquiring metadata, and storing metadata belonging to different user data in the metadata in a corresponding first type of storage unit group.
  • the first type of storage unit group uses the first RAID storage mode, and then selects at least two storage unit groups in the first type of storage unit group, and forms a third storage unit according to the at least two storage unit groups.
  • the third storage unit group stores at least two metadata belonging to different user data, the third storage unit group belongs to the second type storage unit group, and the second type storage unit group uses the second type.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart 1 of a method for protecting metadata according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart 2 of a method for protecting metadata according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram 2 of a method for protecting a metadata according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of protection of metadata according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram 2 of a metadata protection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clarified in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the inventive scope are the scope of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for protecting metadata. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes:
  • the metadata belonging to different user data in the metadata is respectively stored in the corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit group uses the first type of RAID storage manner.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for protecting metadata, which first stores metadata belonging to different user data in a corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit uses the first RAID storage method. And then selecting at least two storage unit groups in the first type of storage unit group, and forming a third storage unit group according to the selected at least two storage unit groups, the third storage unit group storing at least two belonging to different user data. Metadata, the third storage unit group belongs to the second type of storage unit group, the second type of storage unit group uses the second RAID storage mode, and then the third storage unit group stores at least two metadata belonging to different user data. A first parity code is generated and stored. This adds a layer of protection to the metadata and improves security.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for protecting metadata, as shown in FIG. 2, the method includes:
  • the metadata belonging to different user data are respectively stored in the corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit group uses the first type of RAID storage manner.
  • the hard disk block (Chunk) is a hard disk space obtained by dividing the hard disk space according to a certain granularity, and the physical address of the hard disk in the hard disk block is continuous.
  • the first type of storage unit group is composed of physical storage units, the first type of storage unit group includes at least two physical storage units, and if the first type of storage unit group is composed of a hard disk The first type of storage unit group includes at least two hard disk blocks.
  • a logical space composed of a plurality of hard disk blocks according to a specified RAID type is called a hard disk block group (Chunk Group), and therefore, One type of storage unit group is called the first type of Chunk Group, and the second type of storage unit group is also applicable.
  • the physical storage unit may be a physical hard disk, such as a disk or an SSD (Solid State Disk), or may be a flash memory, or may be a compact disk or other physical storage. Therefore, the metadata belonging to different user data are respectively stored in the corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the specific metadata may be: storing each metadata belonging to different user data in each physical medium of the corresponding first type storage unit group.
  • the storage unit or the hard disk block; the first type of storage unit group includes at least two physical storage units or hard disk blocks.
  • the hard disk block is obtained by dividing a physical storage unit group according to a preset granularity.
  • the first RAID storage mode mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention may be RAID1.
  • the physical storage unit group may be composed of multiple large-capacity physical hard disks, for example, four 500G physical technologies.
  • the hard disks form a physical storage unit group.
  • RAID1 is a technology for mirroring data of one physical storage unit or hard disk block to another physical storage unit or hard disk block, that is, data is idle while being written to one physical storage unit or hard disk block.
  • An image file is generated on a physical storage unit or a hard disk block to ensure the reliability and repairability of the system to the utmost extent without affecting performance.
  • the unit or hard disk block can be used, and the system can operate normally even when there are problems in half of the physical storage unit or the hard disk block.
  • the system ignores the physical storage unit or the hard disk block. Turn instead Use the remaining mirrored physical storage unit or hard disk block to read and write data, with good disk redundancy.
  • a physical storage unit or a hard disk block is selected from each of the at least two storage unit groups;
  • the third storage unit group belongs to the second type storage unit group, and the third storage unit group stores at least two belonging to different user data.
  • Metadata the second type of storage unit group uses the second RAID storage method.
  • the second type of storage unit group includes at least three physical storage units or hard disk blocks, and the hard disk block is obtained by dividing a physical storage unit group according to a preset granularity, so the third storage unit group also includes at least three physical storage units. Or hard disk block.
  • the second RAID storage method mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention may be RAID 5.
  • the RAID 5 is a physical storage unit (or a hard disk block) in which the data is stored, and a physical storage unit (or a hard disk block) in which the corresponding parity code is located is formed into a storage unit group. technology. When the data of one physical storage unit (or hard disk block) of RAID5 is damaged, the remaining data and the corresponding parity code can be used to recover the damaged data.
  • the RAID5 data storage method requires at least three physical storage units or hard disk blocks, and stores the data and the corresponding parity code on each physical storage unit or hard disk block that constitutes RAID5, and the odd-numbered n-1 (n is composed of RAID5).
  • the physical storage unit or the number of hard disk blocks) the physical storage unit or the hard disk block stores complete data, that is, equivalent to one physical storage unit or hard disk block capacity
  • the amount of space is used to store the parity code. Therefore, when a physical storage unit or hard disk block of RAID5 is damaged, the integrity of the data is not affected, thereby ensuring data security.
  • RAID automatically uses the remaining parity code to reconstruct the data on the physical storage unit or hard disk block, maintaining high reliability of data storage.
  • the parity code may be a vertical parity code, a horizontal parity code, or a horizontal vertical parity code.
  • the at least one other parity code is a parity code other than the third metadata belonging to different user data in the second type of storage unit group.
  • the black and white part of the figure is the first memory cell group and the second memory cell group using the first type of storage mode RAID1, wherein the first memory cell group is composed of hard disk blocks A, B, C composition, the same metadata 1 is stored on the hard disk blocks A, B, and C, and the second storage unit group is composed of hard disk blocks 0, E, and Z, and the same metadata 2 is stored on the hard disk blocks D, E, and Z.
  • the hard disk blocks A and D are selected in the first storage unit group and the second storage unit group, and the metadata 1 and the metadata 2 stored on the hard disk blocks A and D are XORed to obtain the metadata 1 and the metadata 2 Parity code 1, the obtained parity code 1 is stored on the hard disk block Z, the parity code 1 belongs to the first parity code, and the hard disk blocks A, D, Z are stored in the storage mode of the RAID 5 to form the third storage.
  • Unit group, the third storage unit group belongs to the Type memory cell groups. Thereby adding a layer of protection to the metadata, which is better Protection metadata.
  • Example 2 as shown in FIG. 4, the hard disk blocks G, H, and I form a fourth storage unit group, the hard disk blocks J, K, and L form a fifth storage unit group, and the hard disk blocks 0, P, and Q form a sixth storage unit group.
  • the hard disk blocks R, S, and T constitute a seventh storage unit group, and the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh storage unit groups respectively store metadata 3, 4, 5, 6, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh storage unit groups.
  • the RAID 1 storage mode is used and both belong to the first type of storage unit group, and the parity code 2 of the metadata 3 and the metadata 4 and the parity code of the metadata 5 and the metadata 6 are obtained according to the method in the first example. 4.
  • the parity code 2 and the parity code 3 are XORed to obtain the parity code 2 of the parity code 2 and the parity code 3, and the parity code 2 and the parity code 3 belong to the a parity check code
  • the parity check code 4 belongs to the second parity check code
  • the hard disk blocks 0, M, and J constitute the eighth storage unit group
  • the hard disk blocks 0, R, and N constitute the ninth storage unit group
  • the hard disk block M , N, U form the tenth storage unit group
  • the eighth, ninth, tenth storage unit group In RAID5 storage composition, eighth, ninth, tenth memory cell group belong to the second memory cell group. This also protects the parity code, further enhancing the protection of the metadata.
  • the hard disk block M storing the parity code of the metadata 3 and the metadata 4 in this example is not specifically used for storing the parity code, and may be stored by a hard disk block storing other metadata.
  • the parity code for example, may be the hard disk block P storing the metadata 5. This is because, for the RAID5 storage mode, the parity code of the metadata and the metadata are separately stored on different hard disk blocks, and different metadata and corresponding different parity codes are separately stored and stored in different hard disk blocks. In the above, as long as the metadata and the parity code corresponding to the metadata are not stored on the same hard disk block, the effect of the storage is equivalent to storing the parity code separately by using one hard disk block.
  • the parity codes in the above examples 1 and 2 can be used to verify whether the metadata stored on the hard disk block is correct. For example, in the example 1, it is assumed that the metadata 1 stored on the hard disk block A is incorrectly verified by the check calculation, then the correct metadata 1 is re-stored on the hard disk block A, and if the hard disk block A is damaged, the new healthy state is good. The hard disk block replaces hard disk block A and stores the correct metadata 1 on the new hard disk block.
  • the parity codes in the above examples 1 and 2 can also be used to recover corrupted metadata. For example, in Example 2, it is assumed that the metadata 3 stored on the hard disk blocks G, H, and I is all wrong and stored.
  • the parity code 2 stored on the hard disk block M is also incorrect, the parity can be calculated by redundancy recovery according to the parity code 3 stored on the hard disk block N and the parity code 4 stored on the hard disk block U.
  • the code 2 is stored on the hard disk block M. If the hard disk block M is damaged, the hard disk block M is replaced with a new healthy hard disk block and the correct parity code 2 is stored on the new hard disk block, and then according to the parity table.
  • the verification code 2 and the metadata 4 stored on the hard disk blocks K, J, and L are calculated by redundancy recovery to obtain the correct metadata 3 and correspondingly stored on the hard disk blocks G, H, and I, if the hard disk blocks G, H, I If there is damage, replace the damaged one with a new healthy hard disk block and store the correct metadata 3 on the new hard disk block. In this way, a layer of protection is added to the metadata to better protect the metadata, and it is easier to recover lost data in the event of an accident.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for protecting metadata, which first stores metadata belonging to different user data in a corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit uses the first RAID storage method. And then selecting at least two storage unit groups in the first type of storage unit group, and forming a third storage unit group according to the selected at least two storage unit groups, the third storage unit group having at least two elements belonging to different user data. Data, the third storage unit group belongs to the second type of storage unit group, and the second type of storage unit group uses the second RAID storage mode, and then generates at least two metadata belonging to different user data stored in the third storage unit group.
  • the first parity code is stored. This adds a layer of protection to the metadata, improves security, and reduces redundancy with the same redundancy.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a metadata protection device 00. As shown in FIG. 5, the protection device includes:
  • the storage module 10 is configured to store metadata belonging to different user data in a corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit group uses a first type of RAID storage manner.
  • the storage module 10 is specifically configured to: store metadata belonging to different user data on each physical storage unit or hard disk block in the corresponding first type of storage unit group; the first type of storage unit group includes At least two physical storage units or hard disk blocks obtained by dividing physical storage unit groups according to a preset granularity.
  • the protection module 20 is configured to select at least two storage unit groups in the first type of storage unit group, and form a third storage unit group according to the at least two storage unit groups, where the third storage unit group stores at least two belonging to different users.
  • the protection module 20 can be specifically configured to: a physical storage unit or a hard disk block;
  • the third storage unit group includes at least three physical storage units or hard disk blocks, and the hard disk blocks are obtained by dividing physical storage unit groups according to a preset granularity.
  • the parity code module 30 is configured to generate and store a first parity code for at least two metadata belonging to different user data stored by the third storage unit group. Specifically, the module is further configured to generate and store a second parity code for the first parity code and the at least one other parity code.
  • the at least one other parity code is a parity code other than the third metadata stored in different user data in the second type of memory cell group.
  • the above parity code may be a vertical parity code, a horizontal parity code or a horizontal vertical parity code.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a metadata protection apparatus, which first stores metadata belonging to different user data in a corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit group uses the first type.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a metadata protection device 90. As shown in FIG.
  • the device 90 includes: a bus 94; and a processor 91, a memory 92, and an interface 93 connected to the bus 94, wherein the interface 93 For communication; the memory 92 is for storing instructions, and the processor 91 is configured to execute the instructions for:
  • the metadata belonging to different user data are respectively stored in the corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit group uses the first independent redundant disk array RAID storage mode; At least two storage unit groups, and forming a third storage unit group according to at least two storage unit groups, the third storage unit group storing at least two metadata belonging to different user data, and the third storage unit group belongs to the second type storage
  • the second group of storage unit groups uses the second RAID storage mode; the first parity code is generated and stored for at least two metadata belonging to different user data stored in the third storage unit group.
  • the executing the instruction by the processor 91 may be specifically used to:
  • the first type of storage unit group includes at least two physical storage units Or a hard disk block, where the hard disk block is obtained by dividing a physical storage unit group according to a preset granularity.
  • the executing the instruction by the processor 91 may also be specifically used to:
  • the third storage unit group is formed according to the physical storage unit or the hard disk block selected in each storage unit group; the third storage unit group includes at least three physical storage units or hard disk blocks, and the hard disk block divides the physical according to the preset granularity.
  • the storage unit group got.
  • the processor 91 executes the instruction to: generate a second parity code for the first parity code and the at least one other parity code and store the second parity code.
  • the at least one other parity code is a parity code of at least two metadata belonging to different user data stored in the second type of storage unit group except the third storage unit group.
  • the first RAID storage mode may be RAID1
  • the second RAID storage mode may be RAID5.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a metadata protection device, which first stores metadata belonging to different user data in a corresponding first type of storage unit group, and the first type of storage unit group uses a first RAID storage method. And then selecting at least two storage unit groups in the first type of storage unit group, and forming a third storage unit group according to the selected at least two storage unit groups, the third storage unit group having at least two elements belonging to different user data.
  • the third storage unit group belongs to the second type of storage unit group, the second The class storage unit group uses the second RAID storage mode, and then generates and stores the first parity code for at least two metadata belonging to different user data stored in the third storage unit group. This adds a layer of protection to the metadata and improves security.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the contextual object is an "or" relationship.
  • each functional module in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may be physically included separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.
  • the above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software function modules.
  • the above-described integrated modules implemented in the form of software functional units can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the above software function modules are stored in a storage medium and include a number of instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform part of the steps of the method of the various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like can store program codes. Medium.

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Abstract

La présente invention appartient au domaine des ordinateurs. Elle concerne un procédé et un dispositif de protection de métadonnées dotés d'un mécanisme de protection supplémentaire des métadonnées et améliorant leur sécurité. Le procédé consiste à : stocker respectivement les métadonnées appartenant aux données de différents utilisateurs dans un groupe d'unités de stockage de première classe correspondant, ledit groupe étant dans un premier mode de stockage RAID (réseau redondant de disques indépendants) ; sélectionner au moins deux groupes d'unités de stockage dans le groupe d'unités de stockage de première classe et former un troisième groupe d'unités de stockage d'après les deux groupes d'unités de stockage sélectionnés, ou plus, le troisième groupe d'unités de stockage contenant au moins deux métadonnées appartenant aux données de différents utilisateurs, le troisième groupe d'unités de stockage appartenant à un groupe d'unités de stockage de seconde classe qui est dans un deuxième mode de stockage RAID ; et générer et enregistrer un premier code à contrôle de parité pour les deux métadonnées, ou plus, appartenant aux données de différents utilisateurs stockées dans le troisième groupe d'unités de stockage, pour protéger les métadonnées.
PCT/CN2014/083034 2013-10-17 2014-07-25 Procédé et dispositif de protection de métadonnées WO2015055033A1 (fr)

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