WO2015054503A1 - Ébullition indirecte pour réaliser un traitement de l'eau - Google Patents

Ébullition indirecte pour réaliser un traitement de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015054503A1
WO2015054503A1 PCT/US2014/059919 US2014059919W WO2015054503A1 WO 2015054503 A1 WO2015054503 A1 WO 2015054503A1 US 2014059919 W US2014059919 W US 2014059919W WO 2015054503 A1 WO2015054503 A1 WO 2015054503A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid particulate
water
steam
pressure
vessel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/059919
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David W. Larkin
Peter N. Slater
Kening Gong
Original Assignee
Conocophillips Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Conocophillips Company filed Critical Conocophillips Company
Publication of WO2015054503A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015054503A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • F22B33/14—Combinations of low and high pressure boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
    • F22D11/006—Arrangements of feedwater cleaning with a boiler

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate to methods and systems for generating steam which may be utilized in applications such as bitumen production.
  • Costs associated with building a complex, large, sophisticated facility to process water and generate steam contributes to economic challenges of oil sands production operations. Such a facility represents much of the capital costs of these operations. Chemical and energy usage of the facility also contribute to operating costs.
  • a method of treating and vaporizing water includes circulating a solid particulate in a vessel and heating the solid particulate. Treating the water includes contacting the water with the solid particulate heated to a temperature for vaporizing the water into steam, which is at a first pressure and is then separated from the solid particulate and condensed into a liquid to form a treated feed. The method further includes vaporizing the treated feed to generate steam at a second pressure higher than the first pressure.
  • a system for treating and vaporizing water includes a vessel with a fluidized bed of circulating solid particulate, a heat source to transfer thermal energy to the solid particulate, an inlet for the water into the vessel to contact the water with the solid particulate heated to a temperature for vaporizing the water into steam that is at a first pressure, and an outlet of the vessel in which the steam flows separated from the solid particulate.
  • a cooler couples to the outlet to condense the steam into a liquid providing a treated feed.
  • a steam generator vaporizes the treated feed and outputs resulting steam at a second pressure higher than the first pressure.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of a system including a fluidized bed for initial vaporization to treat water fed into a steam generator operated at injection pressure, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic of an exemplary system with input into a riser for the initial vaporization to treat the water, according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for vaporizing water into steam, which may be utilized in applications such as bitumen production.
  • Initial indirect vaporization of the water at a first pressure for treatment precedes a steam generator boiling the water at a second pressure higher than the first pressure.
  • the indirect vaporization of the water occurs in a vessel upon contact of the water with a substance such as solid particulate heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the water.
  • Impurities in the water deposit on the solid particulate and/or combust limiting pass through of the impurities to the steam generator given that a vapor output of the vessel from the initial indirect vaporization condenses and is pressurized before being supplied to the steam generator.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a system for recovering hydrocarbons that includes at least one production well 100 and at least one injection well 102.
  • the injection well 102 and the production well 100 provide a well pair for a steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operation.
  • SAGD steam assisted gravity drainage
  • Various other thermal oil recovery operations including cyclic steam stimulation, solvent aided SAGD and steam drive may also employ processes described herein.
  • a steam chamber develops as steam is introduced into a formation through the injection well 102 and a resulting petroleum fluid of steam condensate and the hydrocarbons migrates through the formation due to gravity for recovery with the production well 100.
  • the steam comes from water treated as described herein using a vessel 104 and supplied to a steam generator 106.
  • the steam contacts the hydrocarbons such that heat transfers upon condensation making the hydrocarbons mobile and enabling gravity drainage thereof.
  • the water recycled and treated for steam generation may come from blown-down liquid waste produced during steam generation and/or from separated production fluid associated with the SAGD bitumen recovery operation.
  • a production separator 108 thus receives the production fluid to remove the hydrocarbons from the water.
  • the water output from the production separator 108 passes to the vessel 104.
  • the water at time of being vaporized in the vessel 104 for treatment may still contain: at least about 1000 parts per million (ppm), at least 10,000 ppm or at least 45,000 ppm total dissolved solids; at least 100 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 1000 ppm or at least 15,000 ppm organic compounds or organics; and at least 1000 ppm free oil.
  • This initial vaporization and then condensation may provide the only treatment of the water relied on preceding steam generation for injection and may feed to a steam generator 106 water containing less than 1000 ppm or less than 100 ppm total dissolved solids; less than 100 ppm or less than 50 ppm organic compounds or organics; and less than 1000 ppm or less than 100 ppm free oil.
  • the vessel 104 contains solid particulate.
  • the solid particulate include geldart A solids, geldart B solids or any mixture thereof.
  • Exemplary geldart A or B solids include sand, metal spheres, cracking catalyst and mixtures thereof.
  • fluidization of the solid particulate keeps the solid particulate moving within the vessel 104 during operation to vaporize the water. Such fluidization may involve circulation of the solid particulate and may rely on addition of supplemental steam.
  • the vessel 104 further couples to a heat source that may include a supply of oxidant, such as air or oxygen, and fuel, such as natural gas or methane.
  • oxidant such as air or oxygen
  • fuel such as natural gas or methane.
  • the oxygen and fuel introduced into the vessel 104 combusts to heat the solid particulate such that the water introduced into the vessel 104 vaporizes upon contact with the solid particulate.
  • contaminants such as organic compounds deposited on the solid particulate from the water, may partially or fully convert into carbon dioxide and water, and some salts deposited on the solid particulate from the water may come off and be swept out of the vessel 104.
  • the vessel 104 operates at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and less than a desired injection pressure of the steam into the injection well 102. These pressures limit compression needs with respect to the fuel and oxidant supplied to the vessel 104. In some embodiments, the pressure in the vessel 104 ranges between 0 and 350 kilopascals (kPa), 0 and 700 kPa, 0 and 5000 kPa or less than 1000 kPa.
  • a gaseous outlet 112 of the vessel 104 thus conveys water vapor at a corresponding pressure mixed with combustion exhaust. The water vapor exits the vessel 104 through the gaseous outlet 112 while the solid particulate remains in the vessel 104 and/or is trapped by filters or cyclones, for example.
  • a condenser or heat exchanger 114 couples to the gaseous outlet 112 of the vessel 104 and cools the water vapor into a liquid.
  • a treatment separator 116 receives flow from the heat exchanger 114 for removal of gases, such as the combustion exhaust, from the water that a pump 118 then pressurizes for feeding to the steam generator 106.
  • the pump 1 18 may pressurize the water to above 6500 kPa such that the steam conveyed to the injection well 102 is at the desired injection pressure.
  • heat exchange may preheat the water from the treatment separator 116 prior to being supplied to the steam generator 106.
  • An example of the steam generator 106 includes an economical and efficient package drum boiler, which has stringent feed impurity limits that may not be practical to achieve with prior water treatment options.
  • Other types of the steam generator 106 suitable for use include a once through steam generator or direct steam generator. Regardless of operational configuration of the steam generator 106, limiting the feed impurities with use of the vessel 104 for water treatment can reduce fouling issues and blown-down waste liquid.
  • the drum boilers used for the steam generator 106 enable locating the steam generator 106 at a remote well pad or within 100 meters of the injection well 102.
  • Large scale and complex steam generation approaches depend on producing the steam at a central processing facility. However, heat loss in steam delivery lines from the central processing facility to the remote well pad limits length of such lines.
  • additional water 110 such as saline source water
  • saline source water combines with the water from the production separator 108.
  • the additional water 110 may first be treated by reverse osmosis, for example, and heated to provide steam, which is at a pressure corresponding to the pressure of the water being supplied to the vessel 104 and in which the steam is combined for preheating thereof.
  • Such preheating of the water to the vessel 104 may enable limiting capital costs associated with the vessel 104.
  • the makeup water may further bypass the vessel 104.
  • flow from the steam generator 106 combines with another steam source 120 at a corresponding pressure for introduction of the steam into the injection well 102.
  • saline source water may pass through treatment, such as reverse osmosis, and then be pressurized and boil to provide the steam source 120.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternative system with input of water into a riser 205 forming part of a heating vessel 204 for the initial vaporization to treat the water that is recovered from a production well 200 and removed from oil with a production separator 208. Solid particulate circulates through the riser 205 and the heating vessel 204. Similar to the system in Figure 1, reactants for combustion enter the heating vessel 204 and are ignited in order to regain thermal energy used to vaporize the water.
  • the solid particulate heated in the heating vessel 204 transfers to the riser 205 where the water contacts the solid particulate resulting in vaporizing the water.
  • the vaporized water provides lift for the solid particulate in the riser 205.
  • the solid particulate once up the riser 205 then settles and returns by gravity to the heating vessel 204 since the heating vessel 204 is disposed below a top of the riser 205.
  • the vaporized water exits the riser 205 at a gaseous outlet 212.
  • a heat exchanger 214 couples to the gaseous outlet 212 of the riser 205 and cools the water vapor into a liquid.
  • a pump 118 receives flow from the heat exchanger 214 and pressurizes the water then supplied to a steam generator 206.
  • the pump 218 may pressurize the water to above 6500 kPa such that the steam from the steam generator 206 conveyed to an injection well 102 is at the desired injection pressure.
  • Configurations to provide for the indirect vaporization of the water in order to treat the water may employ further attributes as described in the following patent applications: U.S. Application Serial Number 13/547,565, entitled “Indirect Steam Generation System and Process” filed July 7, 2012; U.S. Application Serial Number 61/737,973, entitled “Heating for Indirect Boiling” filed December 17, 2012; U.S. Application Serial Number 61/737,948, entitled “Water with Solvent Indirect Boiling” filed December 17, 2012; and U.S. Application Serial Number 61/737,967, entitled “Heat Exchange for Indirect Boiling” filed December 17, 2012.
  • Each of the aforementioned patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • these patent applications describe indirect vaporization at the injection pressure but may be applied as described herein to vaporize and condense water for treatment while at pressures less than the injection pressure with subsequent steam generation using the water from such treatment at the injection pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des méthodes qui se rapportent à la vaporisation de l'eau en vapeur et qui peuvent être utilisés dans des applications telles que la production de bitume. Une première vaporisation indirecte de l'eau à une première pression pour un traitement précède un générateur de vapeur qui fait bouillir l'eau à une seconde pression supérieure à la première pression. La vaporisation indirecte de l'eau se produit dans un récipient lors du contact de l'eau avec une substance telle que des particules solides chauffées à une température suffisante pour vaporiser l'eau. Des impuretés présentes dans l'eau se déposent sur les particules solides et/ou brûlent limitant le passage des impuretés à travers le générateur de vapeur étant donné qu'une sortie de vapeur du récipient suite à la première vaporisation initiale se condense et est mise sous pression avant d'être fournie au générateur de vapeur.
PCT/US2014/059919 2013-10-09 2014-10-09 Ébullition indirecte pour réaliser un traitement de l'eau WO2015054503A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361888576P 2013-10-09 2013-10-09
US61/888,576 2013-10-09
US14/510,548 2014-10-09
US14/510,548 US20150096754A1 (en) 2013-10-09 2014-10-09 Indirect boiling for water treatment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015054503A1 true WO2015054503A1 (fr) 2015-04-16

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WO (1) WO2015054503A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10464826B2 (en) * 2015-08-26 2019-11-05 Conocophillips Company Semi-continuous treatment of produced water with boiler flue gas
US10392266B2 (en) * 2015-08-26 2019-08-27 Conocophillips Company Treatment of produced water using indirect heat

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3853744A (en) * 1973-05-14 1974-12-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Sour water disposal in fluid solids systems
US3966634A (en) * 1974-09-23 1976-06-29 Cogas Development Company Gasification method
US5145826A (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-09-08 Amoco Corporation Fluid bed incineration catalyst
US20110056442A1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2011-03-10 Ex-Tar Technologies, Inc. Reaction chamber for a direct contact rotating steam generator

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2675999A (en) * 1952-12-19 1954-04-20 Phillips Petroleum Co Pebble heater reactor
US7475543B2 (en) * 2005-11-14 2009-01-13 Kenneth Bruce Martin System and method for conveying thermal energy
CA2904298A1 (fr) * 2014-09-16 2016-03-16 Husky Oil Operations Limited Procede generateur de vapeur d'eau produite au moyen d'une chaudiere a'eau produite a l'aide d'une turbine a gaz

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3853744A (en) * 1973-05-14 1974-12-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Sour water disposal in fluid solids systems
US3966634A (en) * 1974-09-23 1976-06-29 Cogas Development Company Gasification method
US5145826A (en) * 1990-12-04 1992-09-08 Amoco Corporation Fluid bed incineration catalyst
US20110056442A1 (en) * 2008-02-26 2011-03-10 Ex-Tar Technologies, Inc. Reaction chamber for a direct contact rotating steam generator

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