WO2015054148A1 - Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index - Google Patents
Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015054148A1 WO2015054148A1 PCT/US2014/059334 US2014059334W WO2015054148A1 WO 2015054148 A1 WO2015054148 A1 WO 2015054148A1 US 2014059334 W US2014059334 W US 2014059334W WO 2015054148 A1 WO2015054148 A1 WO 2015054148A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- amb
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
- making
- compound
- Prior art date
Links
- APKFDSVGJQXUKY-INPOYWNPSA-N amphotericin B Chemical class O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 APKFDSVGJQXUKY-INPOYWNPSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 105
- 231100001274 therapeutic index Toxicity 0.000 title description 8
- APKFDSVGJQXUKY-KKGHZKTASA-N Amphotericin-B Natural products O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1C=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 APKFDSVGJQXUKY-KKGHZKTASA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 229960003942 amphotericin b Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 82
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006186 oral dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006207 intravenous dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001316 cycloalkyl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- ABRVLXLNVJHDRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-pyridin-3-yl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methanamine Chemical compound FC(C1=CC(=CC(=N1)C=1C=NC=CC=1)CN)(F)F ABRVLXLNVJHDRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- DTSSDPFTHGBSDX-KVTDHHQDSA-N mycosamine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)[C@H](O)C=O DTSSDPFTHGBSDX-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 86
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 72
- -1 amino AmB derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 53
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 41
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 33
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 27
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 241001139947 Mida Species 0.000 description 25
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006161 Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006197 hydroboration reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacol Chemical group CC(C)(O)C(C)(C)O IVDFJHOHABJVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 150000007931 macrolactones Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- GRJJQCWNZGRKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;fluoride Chemical compound F.C1=CC=NC=C1 GRJJQCWNZGRKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OILXMJHPFNGGTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (22E)-(24xi)-24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3beta-ol Natural products C1C=C2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)C=CC(C)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 OILXMJHPFNGGTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- RQOCXCFLRBRBCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (22E)-cholesta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol Natural products C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)C=CCC(C)C)CCC33)C)C3=CC=C21 RQOCXCFLRBRBCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OQMZNAMGEHIHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Dehydrostigmasterol Natural products C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)C=CC(CC)C(C)C)CCC33)C)C3=CC=C21 OQMZNAMGEHIHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-NXVQYWJNSA-N Ergosterol Natural products CC(C)[C@@H](C)C=C[C@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2C3=CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-NXVQYWJNSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 10
- NIWUMFULEUZEOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=P1OOO1 Chemical compound O=P1OOO1 NIWUMFULEUZEOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000005828 desilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 10
- DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-SOWFXMKYSA-N ergosterol Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H](CC[C@]3([C@H]([C@H](C)/C=C/[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]33)C)C3=CC=C21 DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-SOWFXMKYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229940014259 gelatin Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 238000010916 retrosynthetic analysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006841 macrolactonization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000222122 Candida albicans Species 0.000 description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006130 Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 8
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009042 allosteric modification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003428 Staudinger Azide reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006619 Stille reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- NMMPMZWIIQCZBA-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloropalladium(1+);dicyclohexyl-[2-[2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]phosphane;2-phenylethanamine Chemical group [Pd+]Cl.NCCC1=CC=CC=[C-]1.CC(C)C1=CC(C(C)C)=CC(C(C)C)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 NMMPMZWIIQCZBA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003413 degradative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006567 deketalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sphos Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazolidone Chemical compound O=C1NCCO1 IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005949 ozonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003088 (fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IBFRDPVOEVYVGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-chloro-1-methylpyridin-1-ium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1Cl.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F IBFRDPVOEVYVGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JVVRCYWZTJLJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dimethylaminophenol Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 JVVRCYWZTJLJSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dimethylaminopyridine Substances CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N AIBN Substances N#CC(C)(C)\N=N\C(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pd(PPh3)4 Substances [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003281 allosteric effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005937 allylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl methylphosphonate Chemical compound COP(C)(=O)OC VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003132 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229940031704 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000005907 ketalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960001375 lactose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- UPQQXPKAYZYUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloroacetamide Chemical compound OC(=N)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl UPQQXPKAYZYUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IEMMBWWQXVXBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetylfuran Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CO1 IEMMBWWQXVXBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UUDRRSKRJPTTOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidene-1,4-dioxane Chemical compound C=C1COCCO1 UUDRRSKRJPTTOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 102000004310 Ion Channels Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000020176 deacylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005947 deacylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiosalicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S NBOMNTLFRHMDEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940103494 thiosalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamaldehyde Chemical compound O=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-(-)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3O)=C(O)C=CC2=C1 PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMKAFJQFKBASMU-QGZVFWFLSA-N (r)-2-methyl-cbs-oxazaborolidine Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CCN1B(C)OC2(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 VMKAFJQFKBASMU-QGZVFWFLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(O)C(F)(F)F BYEAHWXPCBROCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLTWIJREHQCJJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-trimethylsilylethanol Chemical compound CC(O)[Si](C)(C)C ZLTWIJREHQCJJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VJROPLWGFCORRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCC(C)CN VJROPLWGFCORRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006822 Barton-McCombie deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000623 Cellulose acetate phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005750 Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001337994 Cryptococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000006646 Dess-Martin oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydropyran Chemical compound C1COC=CC1 BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010061598 Immunodeficiency Diseases 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)C(O)[C@@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006751 Mitsunobu reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ONKLJUYMIXSEQN-PKNBQFBNSA-N [(1e)-1-methoxy-3-trimethylsilyloxybuta-1,3-dienoxy]-trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(/OC)=C/C(=C)O[Si](C)(C)C ONKLJUYMIXSEQN-PKNBQFBNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHIIGRBMZRSDRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [chloro(phenoxy)phosphoryl]oxybenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(Cl)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BHIIGRBMZRSDRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005575 aldol reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-alanine Chemical compound NCCC(O)=O UCMIRNVEIXFBKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005621 boronate group Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002815 broth microdilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006172 buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007541 cellular toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940081734 cellulose acetate phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl OSASVXMJTNOKOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940117916 cinnamic aldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic aldehyde Natural products O=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006264 debenzylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-M deoxycholate Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940009976 deoxycholate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000011917 diastereoselective reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008298 dragée Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013583 drug formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001198 duodenum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009505 enteric coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002702 enteric coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001279 glycosylating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000006028 immune-suppresssive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007273 lactonization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound [Li+].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C YNESATAKKCNGOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940071648 metered dose inhaler Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940100467 polyvinyl acetate phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Na])[Si](C)(C)C WRIKHQLVHPKCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WIUGDTDEQHIWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;[3-[[3-[(2-bromoacetyl)amino]phenoxy]-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)oxolan-2-yl]methyl [3-[(2-bromoacetyl)amino]phenyl] hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OC=2C=C(NC(=O)CBr)C=CC=2)C(OP(O)(=O)OC=2C=C(NC(=O)CBr)C=CC=2)C1 WIUGDTDEQHIWAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilane Chemical compound CC[SiH](CC)CC AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- KZEOPJJQWXUEOS-DHTOPLTISA-N (1r,2r)-2-amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalen-1-ol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC=C2[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C=CC2=C1 KZEOPJJQWXUEOS-DHTOPLTISA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTHNRYLIXJZHRZ-CHWSQXEVSA-N (1r,2r)-2-phenylmethoxycyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound N[C@@H]1CCCC[C@H]1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 NTHNRYLIXJZHRZ-CHWSQXEVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGKFBZBVCAWDFD-NKWVEPMBSA-N (1r,2s)-2-(aminomethyl)cyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound NC[C@@H]1CCCC[C@H]1O JGKFBZBVCAWDFD-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFSXKSSWYSZPGQ-UYXJWNHNSA-N (1r,2s)-2-aminocyclopentan-1-ol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N[C@H]1CCC[C@H]1O ZFSXKSSWYSZPGQ-UYXJWNHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZUAHLHTQJCCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) hypochlorite Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)OCl IZUAHLHTQJCCLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVULSXIBCHPJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=C(F)C=CC=C1Cl GVULSXIBCHPJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UWTATZPHSA-N (R)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPRWGZYKYRRJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3-triphenylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HPRWGZYKYRRJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNKICCFGYSXSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diphenylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(N)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XNKICCFGYSXSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDCGGZYGIWLSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-triphenylethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NDCGGZYGIWLSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZGPXSSNPTNMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)CCCC2=C1 JRZGPXSSNPTNMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl DDMOUSALMHHKOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VENQOHAPVLVQKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)N VENQOHAPVLVQKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPFPKVWOOSTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)N)C=C1OC OEPFPKVWOOSTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIBZHYLTOAGURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-bromophenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 LIBZHYLTOAGURM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQEYVZASLGNODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 DQEYVZASLGNODG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOZMSEPDYJGBEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 SOZMSEPDYJGBEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PINPOEWMCLFRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PINPOEWMCLFRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGCLEUGNYRXBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 QGCLEUGNYRXBMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTDGKQNNPKXKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)N)C=C1 JTDGKQNNPKXKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXCXVGWKYIDNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclopropylethanamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1CC1 IXCXVGWKYIDNOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDTGGQHFGXMDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-methyl-1,1-diphenylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(F)(C(N)CC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PDTGGQHFGXMDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTCUCQWIICFPOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthalen-1-ylethanamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(N)C)=CC=CC2=C1 RTCUCQWIICFPOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHSYYLCXQKCYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthalen-2-ylethanamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(N)C)=CC=C21 KHSYYLCXQKCYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXLACVVNHYIYJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenyl-n-(1-phenylethyl)ethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)NC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NXLACVVNHYIYJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHOXKVFLASIOJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 XHOXKVFLASIOJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethylamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQFLVLHRZFLDDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 AQFLVLHRZFLDDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJEVHMGJSYVQBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-inden-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)CCC2=C1 XJEVHMGJSYVQBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHLNJPIGFDWGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(aminomethyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound NCC(CO)C(O)=O UHLNJPIGFDWGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFYXFRCVQSKSDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dibenzylamino)propanal Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(C(C=O)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GFYXFRCVQSKSDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRNPLGLZBUDMRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1,2-diamino-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(N)C(N)C1=CC=CC=C1O MRNPLGLZBUDMRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWSGEVNYFYKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carboxymethyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(C)CC(O)=O XWSGEVNYFYKXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZULYWHOJRVBUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethylurea Chemical compound NCCNC(N)=O ZULYWHOJRVBUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZLCGUXUOFWCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxynonadecane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O HZLCGUXUOFWCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUOSGZSWNCIKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n,3-n-dimethyl-1-naphthalen-1-ylnaphthalene-2,3-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=3C4=CC=CC=C4C=C(C=3NC)NC)=CC=CC2=C1 JUOSGZSWNCIKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIMSXLUBRRQALI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylmethoxycyclopentan-1-amine Chemical compound NC1CCCC1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 JIMSXLUBRRQALI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyran Chemical compound C1OC=CC=C1 MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZRLMXUCFVPFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethyl-1,1-diphenylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(N)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZRLMXUCFVPFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXSUORGKJZADET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(N)C(C)(C)C DXSUORGKJZADET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-n-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]propanamide Chemical compound BrCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBXJRNNARUAEFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-n-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C)(C)CCl NBXJRNNARUAEFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJRIVAFIKUXDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,1-diphenylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(N)C(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KJRIVAFIKUXDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOZZAIIGWFLONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)N JOZZAIIGWFLONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDFWXZBEVCOVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-amine Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(N)CC1C2(C)C MDFWXZBEVCOVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICJINWKVCCYYQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,1-diphenylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(N)CC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ICJINWKVCCYYQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIYAPIMIOKKYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=C2CC(N)CCC2=C1 VIYAPIMIOKKYNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAHFLCWVYBLDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluoren-9-ylmethyl 2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C1COC(=O)C1CC(=O)NC1=O HAHFLCWVYBLDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228197 Aspergillus flavus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000335423 Blastomyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228405 Blastomyces dermatitidis Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 0 C[C@@](*C([C@@](C)C=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=C[C@@](C[C@@](C(C(C1)O)C(O)=O)OC1(CC(CC(C(CCC(CC(C1)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(C(CC2O)O)OC2N)O)OC1=O Chemical compound C[C@@](*C([C@@](C)C=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=CC=C[C@@](C[C@@](C(C(C1)O)C(O)=O)OC1(CC(CC(C(CCC(CC(C1)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(C(CC2O)O)OC2N)O)OC1=O 0.000 description 1
- 244000197813 Camelina sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222173 Candida parapsilosis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222178 Candida tropicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222157 Candida viswanathii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700199 Cavia porcellus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001508813 Clavispora lusitaniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223203 Coccidioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223205 Coccidioides immitis Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100031397 Copper homeostasis protein cutC homolog Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000007336 Cryptococcosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000221204 Cryptococcus neoformans Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006969 Curtius rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YXHKONLOYHBTNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diazomethane Chemical compound C=[N+]=[N-] YXHKONLOYHBTNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100033902 Endothelin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800004490 Endothelin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001480035 Epidermophyton Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003136 Eudragit® L polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003137 Eudragit® S polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004269 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017080 Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000228402 Histoplasma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228404 Histoplasma capsulatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000941325 Homo sapiens Copper homeostasis protein cutC homolog Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000002265 Human Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000521 Human Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000854 Human Growth Hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008070 Interferon-gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- RQULWPSGQYZREI-LURJTMIESA-N L-Allysine Ethylene Acetal Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCC1OCCO1 RQULWPSGQYZREI-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010000817 Leuprolide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000232 Lipid Bilayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019759 Maize starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacetoacetic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)=O WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235048 Meyerozyma guilliermondii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001480037 Microsporum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235395 Mucor Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylthiourea Natural products CNC(N)=O XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006995 Noyori hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010058803 Oesophageal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010048685 Oral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000009328 Perro Species 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000235645 Pichia kudriavzevii Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001363 Polidocanol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001305 Poly(isodecyl(meth)acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002701 Polyoxyl 40 Stearate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000037 Polyproline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001219 Polysorbate 40 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002642 Polysorbate 65 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235527 Rhizopus Species 0.000 description 1
- WBTCZXYOKNRFQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1(=O)(=O)NC1=O Chemical group S1(=O)(=O)NC1=O WBTCZXYOKNRFQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004147 Sorbitan trioleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N Sorbitan trioleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PRXRUNOAOLTIEF-ADSICKODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015125 Sterculia urens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001058 Sterculia urens Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010042938 Systemic candida Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223238 Trichophyton Species 0.000 description 1
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010046914 Vaginal infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007295 Wittig olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SYJBFPCQIJQYNV-CIUDSAMLSA-N [(1s,4r,5s)-6,6-dimethyl-4-bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanyl]methanamine Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2CN SYJBFPCQIJQYNV-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012387 aerosolization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940040563 agaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNPSSFBOAGDEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N albuterol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1.CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1 BNPSSFBOAGDEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009435 amidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007112 amidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004977 anhydrous lactose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121363 anti-inflammatory agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003831 antifriction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008135 aqueous vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGUUDTWORXNLAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azidoalcohol Chemical compound ON=[N+]=[N-] UGUUDTWORXNLAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001950 benzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005574 benzylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940000635 beta-alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000227 bioadhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(pinacolato)diboron Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1B1OC(C)(C)C(C)(C)O1 IPWKHHSGDUIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036765 blood level Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006664 bond formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000394 calcium triphosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940095731 candida albicans Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 201000003984 candidiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004424 carbon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030833 cell death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022534 cell killing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006037 cell lysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WZNRVWBKYDHTKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cellulose, acetate 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1O.OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(O)C(O)C1O.CC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(COC(C)=O)O1.CC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(COC(C)=O)O1.OC(=O)C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C(=O)OCC1C(OC2C(C(OC(=O)C=3C(=CC(=CC=3)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(OC(=O)C=3C(=CC(=CC=3)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(COC(=O)C=3C(=CC(=CC=3)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)O2)OC(=O)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(OC(=O)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(OC(=O)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(OC(=O)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)O1 WZNRVWBKYDHTKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004926 chlorobutanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940110456 cocoa butter Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019868 cocoa butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- NYWPVFGILHJXGJ-QRHLAUAJSA-L copper;(1s,3r,4e,6e,8e,10e,12e,14e,16e,19r,25r,27r,30r,31r,33s,35r,38r)-3-(4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-19,25,27,30,31,33,35,37-octahydroxy-18,20,21-trimethyl-23-oxo-22,39-dioxabicyclo[33.3.1]nonatriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16-heptaene-38-carb Chemical class [Cu+2].CC(C)C1=CC(C(C)C)=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=C1.CC(C)C1=CC(C(C)C)=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=C1.OC1C(N)C(O)C(C)OC1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/C(C)[C@@H](O)C(C)C(C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(CC(O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 NYWPVFGILHJXGJ-QRHLAUAJSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KVBHFBAACGHMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].[Cu].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KVBHFBAACGHMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZDENNVQHCXLZDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CC=CCC1N ZDENNVQHCXLZDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWAPCRSSMCLZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentylidene Chemical group [C]1CCCC1 PWAPCRSSMCLZHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003405 delayed action preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008266 deoxy sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- RAFNCPHFRHZCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(imidazol-1-yl)methanethione Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=S)N1C=CN=C1 RAFNCPHFRHZCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042935 dichlorodifluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940087091 dichlorotetrafluoroethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVURNMLGDQYNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(1-phenylethyl)amine Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BVURNMLGDQYNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MKRTXPORKIRPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphoryl azide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(=O)(N=[N+]=[N-])C1=CC=CC=C1 MKRTXPORKIRPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical compound [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000019164 disseminated candidiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079360 enema for constipation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OMAYPGGVIXHKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanethiol Chemical compound [CH2]CS OMAYPGGVIXHKRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093495 ethanethiol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GDCRSXZBSIRSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.CCOC(=O)C=C GDCRSXZBSIRSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monododecyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCO SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013265 extended release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 244000053095 fungal pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SYUXAJSOZXEFPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutin Natural products COc1c(O)cc2OC(=CC(=O)c2c1O)c3ccccc3OC4OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C4O SYUXAJSOZXEFPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005858 glycosidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000937 glycosyl acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGBBUURBHXLGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCC(C)N WGBBUURBHXLGFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003405 ileum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 229940125721 immunosuppressive agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940060367 inert ingredients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012678 infectious agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003130 interferon gamma Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007928 intraperitoneal injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001630 jejunum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950006462 lauromacrogol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GFIJNRVAKGFPGQ-LIJARHBVSA-N leuprolide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)NC(=O)[C@H]1NC(=O)CC1)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 GFIJNRVAKGFPGQ-LIJARHBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004338 leuprorelin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940037627 magnesium lauryl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HBNDBUATLJAUQM-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dodecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O HBNDBUATLJAUQM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940127554 medical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- BGTUHDOWLHXQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-aminobutanoate;4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)N.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 BGTUHDOWLHXQIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGJXBDMLVWIYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylazanide Chemical compound [NH-]C MGJXBDMLVWIYOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-NJFSPNSNSA-N methylurea Chemical compound [14CH3]NC(N)=O XGEGHDBEHXKFPX-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007932 molded tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010172 mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- OLDLOVICBLVDFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,2,2-trimethyl-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-amine Chemical compound CNC1COC(C)(C)OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 OLDLOVICBLVDFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXRXYILTIWBHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-naphthalen-1-ylethanamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(N(C)C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 AXRXYILTIWBHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYZHMSJNPCYUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-1-phenylethanamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)NCC1=CC=CC=C1 ZYZHMSJNPCYUTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCSSHZGQHHEHPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-1-phenylethanamine Chemical compound CNC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCSSHZGQHHEHPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALXIFCUEJWCQQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)N ALXIFCUEJWCQQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005935 nucleophilic addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000988 nystatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N nystatin A1 Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C/CC/C=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](C)OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)CC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@](O)(C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C(O)=O)O[C@H]2C1 VQOXZBDYSJBXMA-NQTDYLQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBXNJMZWGSCKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-2-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)N HBXNJMZWGSCKPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006772 olefination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
- RFWLACFDYFIVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RFWLACFDYFIVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003094 perturbing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical group [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000212 poly(isobutyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000205 poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000196 poly(lauryl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000184 poly(octadecyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002459 polyene antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000129 polyhexylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000197 polyisopropyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010483 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000249 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010989 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001818 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010988 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001816 polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099429 polyoxyl 40 stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000182 polyphenyl methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010026466 polyproline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940101027 polysorbate 40 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940113124 polysorbate 60 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940099511 polysorbate 65 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002744 polyvinyl acetate phthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012809 post-inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)N BHRZNVHARXXAHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021309 simple sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008109 sodium starch glycolate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079832 sodium starch glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003109 sodium starch glycolate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012439 solid excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000371 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019337 sorbitan trioleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000391 sorbitan trioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008347 soybean phospholipid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009495 sugar coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002511 suppository base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)Cl BCNZYOJHNLTNEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L thimerosal Chemical compound [Na+].CC[Hg]SC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O RTKIYNMVFMVABJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940033663 thimerosal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003104 tissue culture media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl cyanide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#N LEIMLDGFXIOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002753 trypsin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSRBKQFNFZQRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tuaminoheptane Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)N VSRBKQFNFZQRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005233 tubule cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012178 vegetable wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940070384 ventolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007279 water homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AXORVIZLPOGIRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-methylphenethylamine Chemical compound NCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AXORVIZLPOGIRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H17/00—Compounds containing heterocyclic radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H17/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
- C07H17/08—Hetero rings containing eight or more ring members, e.g. erythromycins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7048—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
Definitions
- amphotericin B (AmB) has served as the gold standard for treating systemic fungal infections. AmB has a broad spectrum of activity, is fungicidal, and is effective even against fungal strains that are resistant to multiple other agents. [1] Surprisingly, clinically significant microbial resistance has remained.
- An aspect of the invention is AmBMU or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is AmBAU or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is AmBCU or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C3deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C9deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C5deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C8deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C11deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C13deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C15deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C3 ⁇ deNH 2 AmB (C3 ⁇ deamino AmB; C3 ⁇ deAAmB) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C4 ⁇ deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is Compound X
- An aspect of the invention is Compound 1
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making compound 1 as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making a C16 urea derivative of amphotericin B according to any one of the six transformations shown in Scheme 2:
- each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, straight- or branched-chain alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carboxyl, amino, amido, azido, nitro, cyano, aminoalkyl, and alkoxyl.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making AmBMU as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making AmBAU as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making AmBCU as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C3deOAmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C9deOAmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C5deOAmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C8deOAmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C11deOAmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C13deOAmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C15deOAmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C3 ⁇ deNH 2 AmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making C4 ⁇ deOAmB as disclosed in the specification and drawings.
- An aspect of the invention is a method of inhibiting growth of a fungus, comprising contacting a fungus with an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of AmBMU, AmBAU, AmBCU, C3deOAmB, C5deOAmB, C8deOAmB, C9deOAmB, C11deOAmB, C13deOAmB, C15deOAmB, C3 ⁇ deNH 2 AmB, and
- An aspect of the invention is a method of treating a fungal infection in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of AmBMU, AmBAU, AmBCU,
- the compound is administered orally or intravenously.
- the compound is administered orally.
- the compound is administered intravenously.
- An aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a compound of selected from the group consisting of AmBMU, AmBAU, AmBCU, C3deOAmB, C5deOAmB, C8deOAmB, C9deOAmB, C11deOAmB, C13deOAmB, C15deOAmB, C3 ⁇ deNH 2 AmB, and C4 ⁇ deOAmB, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the pharmaceutical composition is an oral or intravenous dosage form.
- the pharmaceutical composition is an oral dosage form.
- the pharmaceutical composition is an intravenous dosage form.
- Figure 1 depicts structural formulas of AmB and certain derivatives thereof.
- Figure 2 depicts a number of synthetic schemes for preparing C16 amino AmB derivatives by reacting urea 1 with any of a wide range of heteroatom nucleophiles.
- Figure 3A depicts a retrosynthetic analysis of AmB based on an iterative cross coupling strategy using four building blocks, BB1, BB2, BB3, and BB4.
- Figure 3B depicts a scheme for retrosynthetic analysis of BB1 into two smaller fragments.
- Figure 4A depicts a scheme for stereoselective hydroboration of BB1 to install the C11 stereocenter.
- Figure 4B depicts a scheme for hydroboration of C9-deoxy BB1 resulting in a mixture of diastereomers at C11.
- Figure 5 depicts a generic synthesis of C5deOAmb using a degradative strategy.
- Figure 6 depicts total synthesis of AmB via iterative cross-coupling.
- Figure 7A depicts a retrosynthetic analysis of C5deOAmB leading to four building blocks, BB1, BB2, BB3, and BB4.
- Figure 7B depicts a scheme for retrosynthetic analysis of C5deOBB1 into two smaller fragments.
- Figure 8A depicts a retrosynthetic analysis of C8deOAmB leading to four building blocks, BB1, BB2, BB3, and BB4.
- Figure 8B depicts a scheme for retrosynthetic analysis of C8deOBB1 based on reduction of 47.
- Figure 9A depicts a retrosynthetic analysis of C9deOAmB leading to four building blocks, BB1, BB2, BB3, and BB4.
- Figure 9B depicts a scheme for retrosynthetic analysis of C9deOBB1 into two smaller fragments.
- Figure 10A depicts a retrosynthetic analysis of C11deOAmB leading to four building blocks, BB1, BB2, BB3, and BB4.
- Figure 10B depicts a scheme for retrosynthetic analysis of C11deOBB1 into two smaller fragments.
- Figure 11 depicts a degradative strategy to synthesize of C13deOAmb.
- Figure 12 depicts an iterative cross-coupling-based strategy for synthesis of C15deOAmB.
- Figure 13 depicts a selective acylation strategy for synthesis of C15deOAmB.
- Figure 14 depicts a scheme for synthesis of C3 ⁇ -deamino AmB (C3 ⁇ deAAmB) using a hybrid glycosidation strategy.
- Figure 15 depicts a scheme for synthesis of C4 ⁇ deOAmB via a hybrid glycosylation strategy.
- Figure 16 depicts Scheme 3, a scheme for synthetic efforts toward C3-deoxy AmB (C3deOAmb).
- Figure 17 depicts Scheme 4, a scheme for synthesis of left half of BB1 and efficient coupling of BB1 to BB2.
- Figure 18 depicts Scheme 5, a scheme for synthesis of C9-deoxy AmB containing proper oxidation states and stereochemistry at each carbon.
- FIG. 19 depicts Scheme 6 in accordance with Example 1.
- FIG. 20 depicts Scheme 7 in accordance with Example 2.
- FIG. 21 depicts Scheme 8 in accordance with Example 2.
- FIG. 22 depicts Scheme 9 in accordance with Example 2.
- FIG. 23 depicts Scheme 10 in accordance with Example 2.
- FIG. 24 depicts Scheme 11 in accordance with Example 2.
- FIG. 25 depicts Scheme 12 in accordance with Example 2.
- FIG. 26 depicts Scheme 14 in accordance with Example 3.
- Figure 27 depicts Scheme 15 in accordance with Example 4.
- FIG. 28 depicts Scheme 16 in accordance with Example 4.
- FIG. 29 depicts Scheme 17 in accordance with Example 5.
- FIG. 30 depicts Scheme 18 in accordance with Example 5.
- Figure 31 depicts Scheme 20 in accordance with Example 6.
- FIG. 32 depicts Scheme 21 in accordance with Example 7.
- FIG. 33 depicts Scheme 22 in accordance with Example 8.
- FIG. 34 depicts Scheme 23 in accordance with Example 8.
- FIG 35 depicts Scheme 24 in accordance with Example 8.
- FIG. 36 depicts Scheme 25 in accordance with Example 9.
- FIG. 37 depicts Scheme 26 in accordance with Example 10.
- FIG. 38 depicts Scheme 27 in accordance with Example 11.
- Figure 39 is a group of three graphs depicting kidney fungal load (colony forming units, cfu) in neutropenic mice inoculated intravenously with C. albicans and then treated two hours later with a single intraperitoneal dose of vehicle control, AmB, AmBMU, or AmBAU.
- Figure 39A 1 mg/kg AmB, AmBMU, or AmBAU.
- Figure 39B 4 mg/kg AmB, AmBMU, or AmBAU.
- Figure 39C 16 mg/kg AmB, AmBMU, or AmBAU.
- Figure 40 is a graph depicting lethality in healthy mice of single intravenous administration in the doses indicated of AmB, AmBMU, or AmBAU.
- this crystal structure may represent the ground state conformation of AmB which is capable of binding both ergosterol and cholesterol.
- ureas 2-4 were compared to AmB and a range of previously reported AmB derivatives in an in vitro antifungal and human cell toxicity screen.
- Yeast toxicity was measured with broth microdilution assays (MIC) against Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Human cell toxicity was studied by determining the amount of compound required to cause 90% hemolysis of human erythrocytes (EH 90 ). These results are summarized in Table 1.
- Amphotericin B inhibits S. cerevisiae growth at 0.5 ⁇ M while 90% red blood cell lysis occurs at only 10.4 ⁇ M.
- Removal of mycosamine (AmdeB) completely abolishes cell-killing activity in both yeast and human cell assays. [15e, 18] Methyl esterification (AmBME) retains antifungal activity at 0.25 ⁇ M against S.
- Urea derivatives 2-4 maintain potent antifungal activity ranging from 0.125 ⁇ M to 3 ⁇ M against S. cerevisiae. Surprisingly, 2-4 possessed drastically decreased toxicity towards red blood cells. AmBMU and AmBAU did not reach an EH 90 even at 500 ⁇ M, greater than 45x that observed with AmB. AmBCU required 324 ⁇ M to cause 90% hemolysis in red blood cells, more than 30x required by AmB. Encouraged by this initial therapeutic index screen the urea series was further tested against the clinically relevant fungal cell line Candida albicans. C. albicans is the most common human fungal infection. AmB inhibits yeast grown of C. albicans at 0.25 ⁇ M. Similar to the trend seen with S.
- urea derivatives 3-5 increased with increasing amount of cationic character.
- AmBAU, AmBMU, and AmBCU require 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ⁇ M respectively (Table 2).
- Table 2 In vitro antifungal activity of AmB urea derivatives against C. albicans Following the allosteric modification model, ureas 2-4 are hypothesized to maintain potent ergosterol binding ability, yet have lost the ability to bind cholesterol. To test this hypothesis a solid-state NMR assay is currently underway to determine binding constants of AmBMU, as a representative of the novel urea class, to both ergosterol and cholesterol.
- oxazolidinone 1 with a variety of nucleophiles (e.g., amines, alcohols, and phenols) could efficiently access a wide range of urea or carbamate derivatives.
- nucleophiles e.g., amines, alcohols, and phenols
- Oxazolidinone 1 could be intercepted with primary amines to generate primary ureas, secondary amines to generate secondary ureas, and primary amines with alpha branching to create ureas with stereochemistry introduced at the alpha position.
- oxazolidinone 1 could be opened with anilines to create aryl ureas, phenols to create aryl carbamates, or alcohols to generate alkyl carbamates.
- amines include, without limitation, 1-(1-Naphthyl)ethylamine; 1-(2- Naphthyl)ethylamine; 1-(4-Bromophenyl)ethylamine; 1,1-Diphenyl-2-aminopropane; 1,2,2- Triphenylethylamine; 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-naphthylamine; 1,2-Bis(2- hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamine; 1-Amino-2-benzyloxycyclopentane; 1-Aminoindane; 1- Benzyl-2,2-diphenylethylamine; 1-Cyclopropylethylamine; 1-Phenylbutylamine; 2-(3- Chloro-2,2-dimethyl-propionylamino)-3-methylbutanol; 2- (Dibenzylamino)propionaldehyde; 2,2-Dimethyl-5-methylamino-4-phenyl-1,
- New Allosteric Site #2 C1 Carbonyl O, C3 and C5 Alcohol Hydrogen Bonding Network Having remarkably developed a second set of derivatives supporting the allosteric modification model as a guide for developing less toxic AmB derivatives, the polyol hydrogen-bonding frameworks were targeted. Ideally, simple removal of either the C3 or C11 alcohol would completely abolish the observed extended hydrogen-bonding network. A chemoselective degradative synthesis of either deoxygenated derivative is a challenging synthetic undertaking as chemoselectively targeting one of the nine secondary alcohols present on the AmB framework is nontrivial. A reaction byproduct hinted that the C3 alcohol could potentially be chemoselectively targeted due to its position beta to the C1 carbonyl.
- BB1 preferably will be efficient, scalable, and capable of long-term storage.
- Figure 3B we plan to generate protected BB1 (9) by joining fragments 10 and 11. Hydroboration of 9 with 9BBN-borane readies it for Suzuki coupling with BB2. Two key contributions to this total synthesis effort have been made.
- a scalable route to key fragment 10 was devised.
- the cross coupling of BB1 to BB2 in a model system was investigated. Three aspects of the initial synthesis of 10 invited improvement.
- An aspect of the invention is AmBMU or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is AmBAU or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- AmBAU An aspect of the invention is AmBCU or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C3deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C9deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C5deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C8deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C11 deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C13deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C15deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C3 ⁇ deNH 2 AmB (C3 ⁇ deamino AmB; C3 ⁇ deAAmB) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is C4 ⁇ deOAmB or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- An aspect of the invention is Compound X
- An aspect of the invention is Compound 1
- An aspect of the invention is a method of making a C16 urea derivative of amphotericin B according to any one of the six transformations shown in Scheme 2:
- each instance of R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, straight- and branched-chain alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, carboxyl, amino, amido, azido, nitro, cyano, aminoalkyl, and alkoxyl.
- alkyl is art-recognized, and includes saturated aliphatic groups, including straight-chain alkyl groups, branched-chain alkyl groups, cycloalkyl (alicyclic) groups, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl groups, and cycloalkyl substituted alkyl groups.
- a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl has about 30 or fewer carbon atoms in its backbone (e.g., C 1 -C 30 for straight chain, C 3 -C 30 for branched chain), and alternatively, about 20 or fewer.
- cycloalkyls have from about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms in their ring structure, and alternatively about 5, about 6, or about 7 carbons in the ring structure.
- alkenyl and“alkynyl” are art-recognized and refer to unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that contain at least one double or triple bond respectively.
- “lower alkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, but having from one to about ten carbons, alternatively from one to about six carbon atoms in its backbone structure. Likewise,“lower alkenyl” and“lower alkynyl” have similar chain lengths.
- aralkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group (i.e., an aromatic or heteroaromatic group).
- aryl is art-recognized and refers to 5-, 6- and 7-membered single-ring aromatic groups that may include from zero to four heteroatoms, for example, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, triazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine and pyrimidine, and the like.
- Those aryl groups having heteroatoms in the ring structure may also be referred to as“aryl
- heterocycles or“heteroaromatics.”
- the aromatic ring may be substituted at one or more ring positions with such substituents as, for example, halogen, azide, alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, nitro, sulfhydryl, imino, amido,
- aryl also includes polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings (the rings are“fused rings”) wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic, e.g., the other cyclic rings may be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls and/or heterocyclyls.
- heteroatom is art-recognized and refers to an atom of any element other than carbon or hydrogen.
- Illustrative heteroatoms include boron, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and selenium.
- nitro is art-recognized and refers to -NO 2 .
- halogen is art-recognized and refers to -F, -Cl, -Br or -I.
- sulfhydryl is art-recognized and refers to–SH.
- sulfonyl is art-recognized and refers to -SO - 2.
- amine and“amino” are art-recognized and refer to both unsubstituted and substituted amines, e.g., a moiety that may be represented by the general formulas:
- R50, R51 and R52 each independently represent a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, -(CH 2 ) m -R61, or R50 and R51, taken together with the N atom to which they are attached complete a heterocycle having from 4 to 8 atoms in the ring structure;
- R61 represents an aryl, a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkenyl, a heterocycle or a polycycle; and m is zero or an integer in the range of 1 to 8.
- R50 and R51 (and optionally R52) each independently represent a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, or -(CH 2 ) m -R61.
- the term“alkylamine” includes an amine group, as defined above, having a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl attached thereto, i.e., at least one of R50 and R51 is an alkyl group.
- alkoxyl or“alkoxy” are art-recognized and refer to an alkyl group, as defined above, having an oxygen radical attached thereto.
- Representative alkoxyl groups include methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, tert-butoxy and the like.
- compositions comprising a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Also provided is a method for making such pharmaceutical compositions. The method comprises placing a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- Compounds of the invention and pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are useful for inhibiting the growth of a fungus.
- an effective amount of a compound of the invention is contacted with a fungus, thereby inhibiting growth of the fungus.
- a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is added to or included in tissue culture medium.
- compositions of the invention are useful for the treatment of fungal infections in a subject.
- a subject In one embodiment, a
- a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a subject in need thereof, thereby treating the fungal infection.
- a fungus is a eukaryotic organism classified in the kingdom Fungi.
- Fungi include yeasts, molds, and larger organisms including mushrooms.
- Yeasts and molds are of clinical relevance as infectious agents.
- Yeasts are eukaryotic organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. Yeasts are typically described as budding forms of fungi. Of particular importance in connection with the invention are species of yeast that can cause infections in mammalian hosts. Such infections most commonly occur in immunocompromised hosts, including hosts with compromised barriers to infection (e.g., burn victims) and hosts with compromised immune systems (e.g., hosts receiving chemotherapy or immune suppressive therapy, and hosts infected with HIV).
- Pathogenic yeasts include, without limitation, various species of the genus Candida, as well as of Cryptococcus. Of particular note among pathogenic yeasts of the genus Candida are C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. stellatoidea, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. guilliermondii, C. viswanathii, and C. lusitaniae.
- Cryptococcus specifically includes Cryptococcus neoformans.
- Yeast can cause infections of mucosal membranes, for example oral, esophageal, and vaginal infections in humans, as well as infections of bone, blood, urogenital tract, and central nervous system. This list is exemplary and is not limiting in any way.
- a number of fungi can cause infections in mammalian hosts. Such infections most commonly occur in immunocompromised hosts, including hosts with compromised barriers to infection (e.g., burn victims) and hosts with compromised immune systems (e.g., hosts receiving chemotherapy or immune suppressive therapy, and hosts infected with HIV).
- Pathogenic fungi include, without limitation, species of Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor, Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Blastomyces, Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Of particular note among the foregoing are A.
- Fungi can cause systemic and deep tissue infections in lung, bone, blood, urogenital tract, and central nervous system, to name a few. Some fungi are responsible for infections of the skin and nails.
- inhibit or inhibiting means reduce by at least a statistically significant amount compared to control. In one embodiment, inhibit or inhibiting means reduce by at least 5 percent compared to control. In various individual embodiments, inhibit or inhibiting means reduce by at least 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33, 40, 50, 60, 67, 70, 75, 80, 90, or 95 percent (%) compared to control.
- the terms“treat” and“treating” refer to performing an intervention that results in (a) preventing a condition or disease from occurring in a subject that may be at risk of developing or predisposed to having the condition or disease but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; (b) inhibiting a condition or disease, e.g., slowing or arresting its development; or (c) relieving or ameliorating a condition or disease, e.g., causing regression of the condition or disease.
- the terms“treating” and“treat” refer to performing an intervention that results in (a) inhibiting a condition or disease, e.g., slowing or arresting its development; or (b) relieving or ameliorating a condition or disease, e.g., causing regression of the condition or disease.
- A“fungal infection” as used herein refers to an infection in or of a subject with a fungus as defined herein.
- the term“fungal infection” includes a yeast infection.
- A“yeast infection” as used herein refers to an infection in or of a subject with a yeast as defined herein.
- a“subject” refers to a living mammal.
- a subject is a non-human mammal, including, without limitation, a mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, sheep, goat, cat, dog, pig, horse, cow, or non-human primate.
- a subject is a human.
- a“subject having a yeast or fungal infection” refers to a subject that exhibits at least one objective manifestation of a yeast or fungal infection.
- a subject having a yeast or fungal infection is a subject that has been diagnosed as having a yeast or fungal infection and is in need of treatment thereof.
- administering has its usual meaning and encompasses
- administering by any suitable route of administration, including, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraocular (e.g., intravitreal), subcutaneous, direct injection (for example, into a tumor), mucosal, inhalation, oral, and topical.
- routes of administration including, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraocular (e.g., intravitreal), subcutaneous, direct injection (for example, into a tumor), mucosal, inhalation, oral, and topical.
- the administration is intravenous.
- the administration is oral.
- the phrase“effective amount” refers to any amount that is sufficient to achieve a desired biological effect.
- the phrase“therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount that is sufficient to achieve a desired therapeutic effect, e.g., to treat a yeast or fungal infection.
- Compounds of the invention can be combined with other therapeutic agents.
- the compound of the invention and other therapeutic agent may be administered simultaneously or sequentially.
- the other therapeutic agents When the other therapeutic agents are administered simultaneously, they can be administered in the same or separate formulations, but they are administered substantially at the same time.
- the other therapeutic agents are administered sequentially with one another and with compound of the invention, when the administration of the other therapeutic agents and the compound of the invention is temporally separated. The separation in time between the administration of these compounds may be a matter of minutes or it may be longer.
- therapeutic agents include other antifungal agents, including AmB, as well as other antibiotics, anti-viral agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and others.
- an“effective amount” refers to any amount that is sufficient to achieve a desired biological effect.
- an effective prophylactic or therapeutic treatment regimen can be planned which does not cause substantial unwanted toxicity and yet is effective to treat the particular subject.
- the effective amount for any particular application can vary depending on such factors as the disease or condition being treated, the particular compound of the invention being administered, the size of the subject, or the severity of the disease or condition.
- One of ordinary skill in the art can empirically determine the effective amount of a particular compound of the invention and/or other therapeutic agent without necessitating undue experimentation. It is preferred generally that a maximum dose be used, that is, the highest safe dose according to some medical judgment. Multiple doses per day may be contemplated to achieve appropriate systemic levels of compounds.
- Appropriate systemic levels can be determined by, for example, measurement of the patient’s peak or sustained plasma level of the drug.“Dose” and“dosage” are used interchangeably herein.
- daily oral doses of active compounds will be, for human subjects, from about 0.01 milligrams/kg per day to 1000 milligrams/kg per day. It is expected that oral doses in the range of 0.5 to 50 milligrams/kg, in one or several administrations per day, will yield the desired results. Dosage may be adjusted appropriately to achieve desired drug levels, local or systemic, depending upon the mode of administration. For example, it is expected that intravenous administration would be from one order to several orders of magnitude lower dose per day. In the event that the response in a subject is insufficient at such doses, even higher doses (or effective higher doses by a different, more localized delivery route) may be employed to the extent that patient tolerance permits. Multiple doses per day are contemplated to achieve appropriate systemic levels of compounds.
- intravenous administration of a compound of the invention may typically be from 0.1 mg/kg/day to 20 mg/kg/day. Intravenous dosing thus may be similar to, or advantageously, may exceed maximal tolerated doses of AmB.
- the therapeutically effective amount can be initially determined from animal models.
- a therapeutically effective dose can also be determined from human data for compounds of the invention which have been tested in humans and for compounds which are known to exhibit similar pharmacological activities, such as other related active agents. Higher doses may be required for parenteral administration.
- the applied dose can be adjusted based on the relative bioavailability and potency of the administered compound. Adjusting the dose to achieve maximal efficacy based on the methods described above and other methods as are well-known in the art is well within the capabilities of the ordinarily skilled artisan.
- the formulations of the invention are administered in pharmaceutically acceptable solutions, which may routinely contain pharmaceutically acceptable concentrations of salt, buffering agents, preservatives, compatible carriers, adjuvants, and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
- Amphotericin B is commercially available in a number of formulations, including deoxycholate-based formulations and lipid-based (including liposomal) formulations.
- Amphotericin B derivative compounds of the invention similarly may be formulated, for example, and without limitation, as deoxycholate-based formulations and lipid-based (including liposomal) formulations.
- an effective amount of the compound of the invention can be administered to a subject by any mode that delivers the compound of the invention to the desired surface.
- Administering the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be accomplished by any means known to the skilled artisan. Routes of administration include but are not limited to oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal,
- subcutaneous direct injection (for example, into a tumor or abscess), mucosal, inhalation, and topical.
- the compounds i.e., compounds of the invention, and other therapeutic agents
- the compounds can be formulated readily by combining the active compound(s) with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well known in the art.
- Such carriers enable the compounds of the invention to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a subject to be treated.
- Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained as solid excipient, optionally grinding a resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores.
- Suitable excipients are, in particular, fillers such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
- disintegrating agents may be added, such as the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate.
- the oral formulations may also be formulated in saline or buffers, e.g., EDTA for neutralizing internal acid conditions or may be administered without any carriers.
- oral dosage forms of the above component or components may be chemically modified so that oral delivery of the derivative is efficacious. Generally, the chemical modification
- contemplated is the attachment of at least one moiety to the component molecule itself, where said moiety permits (a) inhibition of acid hydrolysis; and (b) uptake into the blood stream from the stomach or intestine.
- moieties include: polyethylene glycol, copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, carboxymethyl cellulose, dextran, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyproline. Abuchowski and Davis,“Soluble Polymer-Enzyme Adducts”, In: Enzymes as Drugs, Hocenberg and Roberts, eds., Wiley-Interscience, New York, N.Y., pp.
- polymers that could be used are poly-1,3-dioxolane and poly-1,3,6-tioxocane.
- the location of release may be the stomach, the small intestine (the duodenum, the jejunum, or the ileum), or the large intestine.
- the stomach the small intestine (the duodenum, the jejunum, or the ileum), or the large intestine.
- One skilled in the art has available formulations which will not dissolve in the stomach, yet will release the material in the duodenum or elsewhere in the intestine.
- the release will avoid the deleterious effects of the stomach environment, either by protection of the compound of the invention (or derivative) or by release of the biologically active material beyond the stomach environment, such as in the intestine.
- a coating impermeable to at least pH 5.0 is essential.
- examples of the more common inert ingredients that are used as enteric coatings are cellulose acetate trimellitate (CAT), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), HPMCP 50, HPMCP 55, polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), Eudragit L30D, Aquateric, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), Eudragit L, Eudragit S, and shellac. These coatings may be used as mixed films.
- a coating or mixture of coatings can also be used on tablets, which are not intended for protection against the stomach. This can include sugar coatings, or coatings which make the tablet easier to swallow.
- Capsules may consist of a hard shell (such as gelatin) for delivery of dry therapeutic (e.g., powder); for liquid forms, a soft gelatin shell may be used.
- the shell material of cachets could be thick starch or other edible paper.
- moist massing techniques can be used.
- the therapeutic can be included in the formulation as fine multi-particulates in the form of granules or pellets of particle size about 1 mm.
- the formulation of the material for capsule administration could also be as a powder, lightly compressed plugs or even as tablets.
- the therapeutic could be prepared by compression.
- Colorants and flavoring agents may all be included.
- the compound of the invention (or derivative) may be formulated (such as by liposome or microsphere encapsulation) and then further contained within an edible product, such as a refrigerated beverage containing colorants and flavoring agents.
- diluents could include carbohydrates, especially mannitol, -lactose, anhydrous lactose, cellulose, sucrose, modified dextrans and starch.
- Certain inorganic salts may be also be used as fillers including calcium triphosphate, magnesium carbonate and sodium chloride.
- Some commercially available diluents are Fast-Flo, Emdex, STA-Rx 1500, Emcompress and Avicell.
- Disintegrants may be included in the formulation of the therapeutic into a solid dosage form.
- Materials used as disintegrates include but are not limited to starch, including the commercial disintegrant based on starch, Explotab. Sodium starch glycolate,
- Amberlite, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ultramylopectin, sodium alginate, gelatin, orange peel, acid carboxymethyl cellulose, natural sponge and bentonite may all be used.
- Another form of the disintegrants are the insoluble cationic exchange resins.
- Powdered gums may be used as disintegrants and as binders and these can include powdered gums such as agar, Karaya or tragacanth. Alginic acid and its sodium salt are also useful as disintegrants.
- Binders may be used to hold the therapeutic agent together to form a hard tablet and include materials from natural products such as acacia, tragacanth, starch and gelatin.
- MC methyl cellulose
- EC ethyl cellulose
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PVP polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- HPMC hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose
- Lubricants may be used as a layer between the therapeutic and the die wall, and these can include but are not limited to; stearic acid including its magnesium and calcium salts, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), liquid paraffin, vegetable oils and waxes. Soluble lubricants may also be used such as sodium lauryl sulfate, magnesium lauryl sulfate, polyethylene glycol of various molecular weights, Carbowax 4000 and 6000.
- the glidants may include starch, talc, pyrogenic silica and hydrated silicoaluminate.
- Surfactants may include anionic detergents such as sodium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and dioctyl sodium sulfonate.
- anionic detergents such as sodium lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and dioctyl sodium sulfonate.
- Cationic detergents which can be used and can include benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride.
- Non-ionic detergents that could be included in the formulation as surfactants include lauromacrogol 400, polyoxyl 40 stearate, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil 10, 50 and 60, glycerol monostearate, polysorbate 40, 60, 65 and 80, sucrose fatty acid ester, methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose. These surfactants could be present in the formulation of the compound of the invention or derivative either alone or as a mixture in different ratios.
- compositions which can be used orally include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol.
- the push-fit capsules can contain the active ingredients in admixture with filler such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers.
- the active compounds may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols.
- stabilizers may be added.
- Microspheres formulated for oral administration may also be used. Such microspheres have been well defined in the art. All formulations for oral administration should be in dosages suitable for such
- compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
- the compounds for use according to the present invention may be conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g.,
- the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
- Capsules and cartridges of e.g., gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
- pulmonary delivery of the compounds of the invention is delivered to the lungs of a mammal while inhaling and traverses across the lung epithelial lining to the blood stream.
- inhaled molecules include Adjei et al., Pharm Res 7:565- 569 (1990); Adjei et al., Int J Pharmaceutics 63:135-144 (1990) (leuprolide acetate);
- Contemplated for use in the practice of this invention are a wide range of mechanical devices designed for pulmonary delivery of therapeutic products, including but not limited to nebulizers, metered dose inhalers, and powder inhalers, all of which are familiar to those skilled in the art.
- Ultravent nebulizer manufactured by Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.
- Acorn II nebulizer manufactured by Marquest Medical Products, Englewood, Colo.
- the Ventolin metered dose inhaler manufactured by Glaxo Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- the Spinhaler powder inhaler manufactured by Fisons Corp., Bedford, Mass.
- each formulation is specific to the type of device employed and may involve the use of an appropriate propellant material, in addition to the usual diluents, adjuvants and/or carriers useful in therapy. Also, the use of liposomes, microcapsules or microspheres, inclusion complexes, or other types of carriers is contemplated.
- Chemically modified compound of the invention may also be prepared in different formulations depending on the type of chemical modification or the type of device employed.
- Formulations suitable for use with a nebulizer will typically comprise compound of the invention (or derivative) dissolved in water at a concentration of about 0.1 to 25 mg of biologically active compound of the invention per mL of solution.
- the formulation may also include a buffer and a simple sugar (e.g., for compound of the invention stabilization and regulation of osmotic pressure).
- the nebulizer formulation may also contain a surfactant, to reduce or prevent surface induced aggregation of the compound of the invention caused by atomization of the solution in forming the aerosol.
- Formulations for use with a metered-dose inhaler device will generally comprise a finely divided powder containing the compound of the invention (or derivative) suspended in a propellant with the aid of a surfactant.
- the propellant may be any conventional material employed for this purpose, such as a chlorofluorocarbon, a
- hydrochlorofluorocarbon a hydrofluorocarbon, or a hydrocarbon, including
- Suitable surfactants include sorbitan trioleate and soya lecithin. Oleic acid may also be useful as a surfactant.
- Formulations for dispensing from a powder inhaler device will comprise a finely divided dry powder containing compound of the invention (or derivative) and may also include a bulking agent, such as lactose, sorbitol, sucrose, or mannitol in amounts which facilitate dispersal of the powder from the device, e.g., 50 to 90% by weight of the formulation.
- the compound of the invention (or derivative) should advantageously be prepared in particulate form with an average particle size of less than 10 micrometers ( m), most preferably 0.5 to 5 m, for most effective delivery to the deep lung.
- Nasal delivery of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also contemplated.
- Nasal delivery allows the passage of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to the blood stream directly after administering the therapeutic product to the nose, without the necessity for deposition of the product in the lung.
- Formulations for nasal delivery include those with dextran or cyclodextran.
- a useful device is a small, hard bottle to which a metered dose sprayer is attached.
- the metered dose is delivered by drawing the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention solution into a chamber of defined volume, which chamber has an aperture dimensioned to aerosolize and aerosol formulation by forming a spray when a liquid in the chamber is compressed.
- the chamber is compressed to administer the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
- the chamber is a piston arrangement.
- Such devices are commercially available.
- a plastic squeeze bottle with an aperture or opening dimensioned to aerosolize an aerosol formulation by forming a spray when squeezed is used.
- the opening is usually found in the top of the bottle, and the top is generally tapered to partially fit in the nasal passages for efficient administration of the aerosol formulation.
- the nasal inhaler will provide a metered amount of the aerosol formulation, for administration of a measured dose of the drug.
- the compounds when it is desirable to deliver them systemically, may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
- Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
- the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
- compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form. Additionally, suspensions of the active compounds may be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, or liposomes. Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium
- the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents which increase the solubility of the compounds to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
- the active compounds may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
- a suitable vehicle e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water
- the compounds may also be formulated in rectal or vaginal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
- the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation.
- Such long acting formulations may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
- compositions also may comprise suitable solid or gel phase carriers or excipients.
- suitable solid or gel phase carriers or excipients include but are not limited to calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, various sugars, starches, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, and polymers such as polyethylene glycols.
- Suitable liquid or solid pharmaceutical preparation forms are, for example, aqueous or saline solutions for inhalation, microencapsulated, encochleated, coated onto
- the pharmaceutical compositions also include granules, powders, tablets, coated tablets, (micro)capsules, suppositories, syrups, emulsions, suspensions, creams, drops or preparations with protracted release of active compounds, in whose preparation excipients and additives and/or auxiliaries such as disintegrants, binders, coating agents, swelling agents, lubricants, flavorings, sweeteners or solubilizers are customarily used as described above.
- the pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for use in a variety of drug delivery systems. For a brief review of methods for drug delivery, see Langer R, Science 249:1527- 33 (1990), which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the compounds of the invention and optionally other therapeutics may be administered per se (neat) or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- the salts should be pharmaceutically acceptable, but non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts may conveniently be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- Such salts include, but are not limited to, those prepared from the following acids: hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric, phosphoric, maleic, acetic, salicylic, p-toluene sulphonic, tartaric, citric, methane sulphonic, formic, malonic, succinic, naphthalene-2- sulphonic, and benzene sulphonic.
- such salts can be prepared as alkaline metal or alkaline earth salts, such as sodium, potassium or calcium salts of the carboxylic acid group.
- Suitable buffering agents include: acetic acid and a salt (1-2% w/v); citric acid and a salt (1-3% w/v); boric acid and a salt (0.5-2.5% w/v); and phosphoric acid and a salt (0.8- 2% w/v).
- Suitable preservatives include benzalkonium chloride (0.003-0.03% w/v);
- compositions of the invention contain an effective amount of a compound of the invention and optionally therapeutic agents included in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carrier means one or more compatible solid or liquid filler, diluents or encapsulating substances which are suitable for administration to a human or other vertebrate animal.
- carrier denotes an organic or inorganic ingredient, natural or synthetic, with which the active ingredient is combined to facilitate the application.
- the components of the pharmaceutical compositions also are capable of being commingled with the compounds of the present invention, and with each other, in a manner such that there is no interaction which would substantially impair the desired pharmaceutical efficiency.
- the therapeutic agent(s), including specifically but not limited to the compound of the invention, may be provided in particles.
- Particles as used herein means nanoparticles or microparticles (or in some instances larger particles) which can consist in whole or in part of the compound of the invention or the other therapeutic agent(s) as described herein.
- the particles may contain the therapeutic agent(s) in a core surrounded by a coating, including, but not limited to, an enteric coating.
- the therapeutic agent(s) also may be dispersed throughout the particles.
- the therapeutic agent(s) also may be adsorbed into the particles.
- the particles may be of any order release kinetics, including zero-order release, first-order release, second-order release, delayed release, sustained release, immediate release, and any combination thereof, etc.
- the particle may include, in addition to the therapeutic agent(s), any of those materials routinely used in the art of pharmacy and medicine, including, but not limited to, erodible, nonerodible, biodegradable, or nonbiodegradable material or combinations thereof.
- the particles may be microcapsules which contain the compound of the invention in a solution or in a semi-solid state.
- the particles may be of virtually any shape.
- Both non-biodegradable and biodegradable polymeric materials can be used in the manufacture of particles for delivering the therapeutic agent(s).
- Such polymers may be natural or synthetic polymers.
- the polymer is selected based on the period of time over which release is desired.
- Bioadhesive polymers of particular interest include bioerodible hydrogels described in Sawhney H S et al. (1993) Macromolecules 26:581-7, the teachings of which are incorporated herein.
- polyhyaluronic acids casein, gelatin, glutin, polyanhydrides, polyacrylic acid, alginate, chitosan, poly(methyl methacrylates), poly(ethyl methacrylates), poly(butylmethacrylate), poly(isobutyl methacrylate), poly(hexylmethacrylate), poly(isodecyl methacrylate), poly(lauryl methacrylate), poly(phenyl methacrylate), poly(methyl acrylate), poly(isopropyl acrylate), poly(isobutyl acrylate), and poly(octadecyl acrylate).
- controlled release is intended to refer to any drug-containing formulation in which the manner and profile of drug release from the formulation are controlled. This refers to immediate as well as non-immediate release formulations, with non-immediate release formulations including but not limited to sustained release and delayed release
- sustained release also referred to as“extended release”
- extended release is used in its conventional sense to refer to a drug formulation that provides for gradual release of a drug over an extended period of time, and that preferably, although not necessarily, results in substantially constant blood levels of a drug over an extended time period.
- delayed release is used in its conventional sense to refer to a drug formulation in which there is a time delay between administration of the formulation and the release of the drug there from.“Delayed release” may or may not involve gradual release of drug over an extended period of time, and thus may or may not be“sustained release.”
- Long-term sustained release implant may be particularly suitable for treatment of chronic conditions.
- “Long-term” release means that the implant is constructed and arranged to deliver therapeutic levels of the active ingredient for at least 7 days, and preferably 30-60 days.
- Long-term sustained release implants are well- known to those of ordinary skill in the art and include some of the release systems described above.
- C5deOAmB C5-deoxyAmB
- C5deOAmB One potential synthetic strategy to gain access to C5-deoxyAmB is a degradative synthesis starting with the natural product AmB.
- fully protected intermediate 5 as a starting point, upon elimination of the C3 alcohol, alpha-beta unsaturated ester 9 is generated.
- a nucleophilic oxidation of the beta- carbon would re- install the necessary hydroxyl group at C-3, leaving the C-5 alcohol of as the only unprotected alcohol on the AmB framework.
- a Barton-McCombie type deoxygenation could remove the C-5 alcohol. Then a short deprotection sequence could afford C5deOAmB.
- intermediate 3 an intermediate accessible using a sequence similar to that utilized in the synthesis of C3-deoxyAmB. Exposure of 5 to NaHMDS cleanly eliminates the C-3 alcohol in 54% yield. A nucleophilic addition using B 2 Pin 2 catalyzed by a copper catalyst could selectively borylate at the beta position.
- ICC Suzuki- Miyaura cross coupling
- the ICC strategy takes advantage of bifunctional B-protected haloboronic acids which can be exposed to a suitable boronic acid partner and selectively react under Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling conditions at only the halide terminus.
- Deprotection of the MIDA ligand using basic hydrolysis to a free boronic acid readies the building block for the next cycle of cross coupling.
- AmB is retrosynthetically divided into four building blocks (BB1-BB4).
- aldehyde 14 commences with combination of Chan’s diene 12 and cinnamaldehyde 13 in the presence of a
- Titanium/BINOL complex affects an enantioselective extended aldol reaction. Then, a sequence of syn reduction, ketalization and ozonolysis generates desired aldehyde 14 with an overall yield of 40% from 12. The synthesis of the right half of C5deOAmB begins with the selective esterification of (R)-malic acid followed by ketalization to provide
- BB2 is also divided into two smaller fragments.
- Sugar donor 24, and glycosyl acceptor 33 will be joined in a diastereoselective glycosylation reaction.
- the two smaller fragments must be synthesized.
- the synthesis of 24 starts with 2-furyl methyl ketone.
- Reduction of the ketone followed by an Achmatowitcz reaction promoted by NBS and subsequent Boc protection generates dihydropyran 20.
- exchange of the Boc acetal for a para-methoxybenzyl acetal followed by ketone reduction under Luche conditions provides access to allylic alcohol 21.
- the allylic alcohol is then used to control the facial selectivity of a mCPBA epoxidation before it is silylated with TBSCl and imidazole.
- Site selective opening of the epoxide is then achieved by opening with a deithylalumminumazide complex to yield azido-alcohol 22.
- the free alcohol is esterified with EDC, DMAP, and TDMBA.
- reduction of the PMB alcohol is achieved upon exposure to DDQ and subsequent trichloroacetimidate formation realizes the synthesis of fully protected C2’–epimycosamine sugar donor 24, ready for glycosylation with allylic alcohol 33.
- Iodo-triene BB3 is the least complex of the four building blocks. Its synthesis is achieved in four steps, starting trans-vinyl iodide MIDA boronate 40. A Stille coupling with 31 using Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and CUTC, followed by iodo-degermylation provides diene 41. The olefin network is then extended by another vinyl group with a second Stille coupling with 31, and subsequent iodo-degermylation to access BB3. The synthesis of BB4 is achieved rapidly following literature precedent from our group. Lee, SJ et al., J Am Chem Soc 130:466 (2008); Paterson, I et al., J Am Chem Soc 123:9535 (2001).
- aldehyde 64 Starting with allyl MIDA boronate 63, a short sequence of ozonolysis, Brown allylation, TBS protection, and hydroboration/oxidation results in aldehyde 64. During this initial sequence it was discovered that a bleach, instead of the typical hydrogen
- This C-9 deoxy BB1 intermediate contains the entire carbon framework in the correct oxidation state with all of the stereochemistry preinstalled. Only a TBS protection is required to realize a C-9 deoxy BB1 analog ready for MIDA boronate deprotection and coupling with BB2. See Scheme 18, Figure 30.
- C13deOAmB One approach to the synthesis of C13deOAmB is presented in Figure 11.
- the C-13 alcohol Upon generating a suitably protected intermediate the C-13 alcohol can be activated for reduction either through conversation to another ketal, thioketal, or elimination to a C-13,C-14 dihydropyran. Upon activation of the C-13 alcohol, it could then be reduced to a simple hydrogen atom. Then a series of protecting group removals would complete the synthesis of C13deOAmB.
- allylic alcohol 83 begins L-(-)-arabitol and proceeds through the same synthetic sequence as BB2 all the way through the diastereotopic group selective lactonization generating lactone 86. From this branching point, methyl esterification, followed by activating the C15-alcohol for removal as the thiocarbonyl, and resulting Barton-McCombie type deoxygenation promoted by tributyltin hydride and AIBN should provide deoxygenated lactone 87.
- the synthesis of 104 begins with PMB ether 105, accessible from 2-furyl methyl ketone as outlined in Scheme 8. Opening of epoxide 105 with a hydride selectively generates C2’ alcohol 106. Introduction of the ZDMB directing group using EDC and DMAP, followed by TBS silylation of the remaining alcohol provides pyran 107. DDQ removal of the PMB protecting group and exchange for a trichloroacetimidate generates C3’deamino sugar donor 104. With 104 in hand, we anticipate glycosylation to proceed with exceptional beta selectivity under buffered chloro-methyl pyridinium triflate conditions to provide 109.
- each derivative proposed herein is tested for biological activity against both yeast and human cells to determine its therapeutic index.
- a broth microdilution experiment determines the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of each derivative against S. cerevisiae and the clinically relevant C. albicans, thereby establishing the antifungal activity of each novel derivative.
- each compound is exposed to a hemolysis assay against red blood cells which determines the concentration required to cause 90% lysis of human red blood cells (EH 90 ). Additionally, each compound is exposed to human primary renal tubule cells to determine the toxicity of each compound against kidney cells. These assays when compared against the known values of AmB against the same cell lines determine the improvement in therapeutic index of each compound.
- Example 13 In Vivo Assessment of Biological Activity
- mice albicans via the tail vein, and then 2 hours post infection the mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of AmB, AmBMU, or AmBAU. Then 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours post infection the mice were sacrificed, and the fungal burden present in their kidneys was quantified. Results are shown in Figure 39. Both AmBMU and AmBAU were
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (17)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2925904A CA2925904C (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
AU2014332214A AU2014332214B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
CN201480065533.6A CN105848721B (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | The amphotericin B derivative of therapeutic index with raising |
ES14853012.4T ES2682328T3 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
CN201910693627.2A CN110407898B (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
KR1020217035284A KR102548341B1 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
EP14853012.4A EP3055030B1 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
NZ719529A NZ719529B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
KR1020167011985A KR102321482B1 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
US15/026,520 US10323057B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
DK14853012.4T DK3055030T3 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | AMPHOTERICIN B DERIVATIVES WITH IMPROVED THERAPEUTIC INDEX |
JP2016519955A JP6600303B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin B derivative with improved therapeutic index |
SG11201602570WA SG11201602570WA (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
US16/443,728 US11117920B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2019-06-17 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
US16/530,109 US11028114B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2019-08-02 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
AU2019279928A AU2019279928B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2019-12-09 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
US17/464,916 US11970512B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2021-09-02 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201361887729P | 2013-10-07 | 2013-10-07 | |
US61/887,729 | 2013-10-07 | ||
US201462045956P | 2014-09-04 | 2014-09-04 | |
US62/045,956 | 2014-09-04 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/026,520 A-371-Of-International US10323057B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
US16/443,728 Division US11117920B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2019-06-17 | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2015054148A1 true WO2015054148A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
Family
ID=52813555
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2014/059334 WO2015054148A1 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2014-10-06 | Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US10323057B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3055030B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP6600303B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR102321482B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN110407898B (en) |
AU (2) | AU2014332214B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2925904C (en) |
DK (1) | DK3055030T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2682328T3 (en) |
SG (1) | SG11201602570WA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015054148A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015190587A1 (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-17 | 塩野義製薬株式会社 | Polyene macrolide derivative |
WO2016112260A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 | 2016-07-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Concise synthesis of urea derivatives of amphotericin b |
WO2017100171A1 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-15 | Kalyra Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antifungal compounds and methods |
WO2017177228A1 (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-12 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Small molecule-mediated restoration of airway surface physiology in human cystic fibrosis lung epithelia |
US9957290B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2018-05-01 | Sfunga Therapeutics, Inc. | Derivatives of amphotericin B |
WO2018106571A1 (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-14 | Kalyra Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antifungal compounds and methods |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10323057B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2019-06-18 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
EP3846823A4 (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2022-04-20 | The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois | Hybrid amphotericin b derivatives with reduced toxicity |
US20230000891A1 (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2023-01-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Hybrid amphotericin b derivatives with reduced toxicity |
CN111909226A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-10 | 深圳市儿童医院 | Gluconic acid modified amphotericin B derivative and application thereof |
WO2024010968A2 (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-11 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Transfer of c2'-epimerized sugars to the amphotericin b aglycone |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5204330A (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1993-04-20 | Beecham Group P.L.C. | Antifungal compounds |
US20070238746A1 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | Trixi Brandl | Thiazolyl-dihydro-chinazoline |
WO2009004322A2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Biosergen As | Derivatives of nystatin and their use as antifungal agents |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU3460693A (en) * | 1992-02-12 | 1993-09-03 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Amphotericin B derivative |
AU2006206952B2 (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2011-08-18 | Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation | Anti-penicillin resistant pneumococci agent and novel 16-membered ring macrolide derivative |
RU2007138884A (en) | 2005-03-23 | 2009-04-27 | Консехо Супериор Де Инвестигасьонес Сьентификас (Es) | POLYENE ANTIBIOTICS, COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SPECIFIED ANTIBIOTICS, METHOD AND MICRO-ORGANISMS APPLIED FOR THEIR OBTAINING, AND THEIR APPLICATION |
US20090186838A1 (en) * | 2006-02-23 | 2009-07-23 | Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich | Amphotericin Derivatives |
DE102006060008A1 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-26 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Lamp with improved pinch geometry |
MX365184B (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2019-05-21 | Centro De Investig Y De Estudios Avanzados Del I P N | New amphotericin analogous compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. |
WO2014165676A1 (en) | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Amphotericin b derivative with reduced toxicity |
US10323057B2 (en) | 2013-10-07 | 2019-06-18 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index |
US9957290B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2018-05-01 | Sfunga Therapeutics, Inc. | Derivatives of amphotericin B |
-
2014
- 2014-10-06 US US15/026,520 patent/US10323057B2/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 KR KR1020167011985A patent/KR102321482B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-10-06 AU AU2014332214A patent/AU2014332214B2/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 CN CN201910693627.2A patent/CN110407898B/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 EP EP14853012.4A patent/EP3055030B1/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 ES ES14853012.4T patent/ES2682328T3/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 CN CN201480065533.6A patent/CN105848721B/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 DK DK14853012.4T patent/DK3055030T3/en active
- 2014-10-06 KR KR1020217035284A patent/KR102548341B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-10-06 SG SG11201602570WA patent/SG11201602570WA/en unknown
- 2014-10-06 CA CA2925904A patent/CA2925904C/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 JP JP2016519955A patent/JP6600303B2/en active Active
- 2014-10-06 WO PCT/US2014/059334 patent/WO2015054148A1/en active Application Filing
-
2019
- 2019-06-17 US US16/443,728 patent/US11117920B2/en active Active
- 2019-08-02 US US16/530,109 patent/US11028114B2/en active Active
- 2019-10-04 JP JP2019183577A patent/JP7469862B2/en active Active
- 2019-12-09 AU AU2019279928A patent/AU2019279928B2/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-09-02 US US17/464,916 patent/US11970512B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5204330A (en) * | 1989-12-08 | 1993-04-20 | Beecham Group P.L.C. | Antifungal compounds |
US20070238746A1 (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | Trixi Brandl | Thiazolyl-dihydro-chinazoline |
WO2009004322A2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | Biosergen As | Derivatives of nystatin and their use as antifungal agents |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
ICHIKAWA ET AL.: "Urea Glycoside Synthesis in Water", SYNLETT, 2004, pages 1019 - 1022, XP002510232 * |
VOLMER ET AL.: "Synthesis and biological evaluation of amphotericin B derivatives", NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS, vol. 27, 2010, pages 1329 - 49, XP055075118 * |
WILCOCK ET AL.: "C2'-OH of Amphotericin B Plays an Important Role in Binding the Primary Sterol of Human Cells but Not Yeast Cells", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 135, 29 May 2013 (2013-05-29), pages 8488 - 8491, XP055090253 * |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EA037093B1 (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2021-02-04 | Сионоги Энд Ко., Лтд. | Polyene macrolide derivative |
US10246478B2 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2019-04-02 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Polyene macrolide derivative |
KR20170016957A (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2017-02-14 | 시오노기 앤드 컴파니, 리미티드 | Polyene macrolide derivative |
JPWO2015190587A1 (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2017-04-20 | 塩野義製薬株式会社 | Polyene macrolide derivatives |
US10696707B2 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2020-06-30 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Polyene macrolide derivative |
WO2015190587A1 (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-17 | 塩野義製薬株式会社 | Polyene macrolide derivative |
EP3242554A4 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2018-06-06 | The Board of Trustees of the University of Illionis | Concise synthesis of urea derivatives of amphotericin b |
WO2016112260A1 (en) | 2015-01-08 | 2016-07-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Concise synthesis of urea derivatives of amphotericin b |
US9957290B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2018-05-01 | Sfunga Therapeutics, Inc. | Derivatives of amphotericin B |
JP2018514522A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2018-06-07 | スファンガ セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッドSfunga Therapeutics, Inc. | Amphotericin B derivative |
JP2021075570A (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2021-05-20 | スファンガ セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッドSfunga Therapeutics, Inc. | Derivatives of amphotericin B |
US10882883B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2021-01-05 | Sfunga Therapeutics, Inc. | Derivatives of amphotericin B |
US10597420B2 (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2020-03-24 | Sfunga Therapeutics, Inc. | Derivatives of amphotericin B |
WO2017100171A1 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-15 | Kalyra Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antifungal compounds and methods |
WO2017177228A1 (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-12 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Small molecule-mediated restoration of airway surface physiology in human cystic fibrosis lung epithelia |
JP2019510788A (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2019-04-18 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ ユニヴァーシティ オブ イリノイThe Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Small molecule-mediated restoration of airway surface physiology in human cystic fibrosis lung epithelia |
JP7041961B2 (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2022-03-25 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ ユニヴァーシティ オブ イリノイ | Small molecule-mediated recovery of airway surface physiology in human cystic fibrosis lung epithelium |
AU2017248394B2 (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2023-02-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Small molecule-mediated restoration of airway surface physiology in human cystic fibrosis lung epithelia |
US11850256B2 (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2023-12-26 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Small molecule-mediated restoration of airway surface physiology in human cystic fibrosis lung epithelia |
WO2018106571A1 (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-14 | Kalyra Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antifungal compounds and methods |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11028114B2 (en) | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index | |
AU2016205187B2 (en) | Concise synthesis of urea derivatives of amphotericin B | |
US11198705B2 (en) | Hybrid Amphotericin B derivatives with reduced toxicity | |
NZ757647B2 (en) | Amphotericin B derivatives with improved therapeutic index | |
WO2016040779A1 (en) | Urea derivatives of polyene macrolide antibiotics | |
NZ719529B2 (en) | Amphotericin b derivatives with improved therapeutic index | |
WO2022035752A1 (en) | Hybrid amide derivatives of amphotericin b |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14853012 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2925904 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15026520 Country of ref document: US |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016519955 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20167011985 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2014853012 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2014853012 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014332214 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20141006 Kind code of ref document: A |