WO2015053649A1 - Réacteur à cavitation (variantes) - Google Patents

Réacteur à cavitation (variantes) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015053649A1
WO2015053649A1 PCT/RU2013/000899 RU2013000899W WO2015053649A1 WO 2015053649 A1 WO2015053649 A1 WO 2015053649A1 RU 2013000899 W RU2013000899 W RU 2013000899W WO 2015053649 A1 WO2015053649 A1 WO 2015053649A1
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Prior art keywords
channel
hole
entrance
section
partition
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PCT/RU2013/000899
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Владимир Ильич КОРМИЛИЦЫН
Владимир Павлович ЛОБКО
Борис Борисович НИКИТИН
Игорь Львович БЕРЕЗОВСКИЙ
Original Assignee
Владимир Ильич КОРМИЛИЦЫН
Владимир Павлович ЛОБКО
Борис Борисович НИКИТИН
Игорь Львович БЕРЕЗОВСКИЙ
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Application filed by Владимир Ильич КОРМИЛИЦЫН, Владимир Павлович ЛОБКО, Борис Борисович НИКИТИН, Игорь Львович БЕРЕЗОВСКИЙ filed Critical Владимир Ильич КОРМИЛИЦЫН
Priority to PCT/RU2013/000899 priority Critical patent/WO2015053649A1/fr
Publication of WO2015053649A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015053649A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B01F23/414—Emulsifying characterised by the internal structure of the emulsion
    • B01F23/4145—Emulsions of oils, e.g. fuel, and water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4338—Mixers with a succession of converging-diverging cross-sections, i.e. undulating cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube

Definitions

  • the invention relates to energy and mechanical engineering and can be used in the development and manufacture of cavitation reactors designed to prepare for combustion in internal combustion engines and boilers of various fuel mixtures (for obtaining emulsions of fuel mixtures) containing water, as well as for purifying water from micro and nano particles of oil and oil products.
  • the book / 1 / presents the design of dispersants and the results of experimental studies.
  • the main disadvantage of all dispersants described in the book is the relatively high speed of establishing intense dispersion, as well as the complexity of the design.
  • cavitation reactors can be used to purify water from oil and / or oil products 121.
  • the closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a cavitation reactor described in US patent 8,376,145.
  • the cavitation reactor described in the prototype comprises a housing with a channel for fluid movement and a channel, in the direction of fluid movement, contains an entrance to the channel, a partition (partially blocking the channel), an exit from the channel, and the partition contains at least one hole, the above the channel for the movement of liquid and the hole (or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition are made in such a way that during the operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor.
  • the cavitation reactor described in the prototype processes by means of cavitation, water containing micro and nano particles of an oil product or oil. In the cavitation zone, particles of an oil product (oil) burn out.
  • the reactor vessel wears out and the life of the cavitation reactor is reduced.
  • the complexity of manufacturing a cavitation reactor The reactor vessel should be made so that, if necessary, it allows replacing a broken pin, providing instrumental access to the pin and its installation location.
  • the housing must be reinforced at the mounting points of the pins.
  • flow perturbation is achieved by performing protrusions and pins in the tapering part of the cavitation reactor.
  • Cavitation reactor - a device for cavitational treatment moving in a fluid reactor.
  • the cavitation reactor got its name from the cavitation regime of fluid movement through the reactor.
  • chemical reactions and physical processes take place. It has been established that during cavitation treatment in the place where steam bubbles collapse, the pressure is several thousand atmospheres, and the temperature is more than a thousand degrees.
  • a cavitation reactor can be called a cavitation device, a cavitator, a dispersant, a cavitation dispersant, a cavitation grinder and other names.
  • the cavitation reactor contains a housing with a channel for the movement of liquid, a partition in the channel, and the partition contains at least one hole.
  • the fluid moving along the channel and through the hole in the partition accelerates.
  • the pressure in the liquid decreases to the pressure of saturated steam, the cavitation mode of the fluid flow in the cavitation reactor begins.
  • the cavitation reactor is designed to prepare waterlogged oil products (in particular heating oil with an expired shelf life, waterlogged diesel fuel or gasoline) for reliable combustion in boilers of boiler houses and heat and power plants (TPPs), as well as in internal combustion engines (ICE).
  • a watered oil product passing through a cavitation reactor is subjected to cavitation treatment, as a result of which the water present in the oil product is evenly distributed over the entire volume of the oil product in the form of tiny particles, forming a finely dispersed emulsion.
  • the cavitation reactor is installed in the fuel line at a thermal power station or a boiler room.
  • a cavitation reactor can be used for:
  • the channel for the movement of liquid in a cavitation reactor is an elongated space located in the body of a cavitation reactor, designed for the movement of liquid.
  • the channel has an input (input to the channel) and an output (exit from the channel).
  • the entrance to the channel is the entrance to the cavitation reactor, and the exit from the channel is the exit from the cavitation reactor.
  • the channel contains a narrowing, where the liquid accelerates to relatively high speeds.
  • the narrowing can be performed using a partition with a hole (or holes), a partition that partially crosses the channel or by profiling the tapering part of the channel, for example, in the form of an “Aval” nozzle.
  • Figure 1 shows a cavitation reactor containing a housing 1 with a channel 2 for the movement of liquid and channel 2, in the direction of movement of the liquid, contains an entrance 99 to the channel, a partition 3, an exit 100 from the channel, and the partition 3 contains one hole 4, while the above channel 2 for the movement of fluid and the hole 4
  • the area of the channel adjacent to the entrance to the channel is located between the entrance 99 to the channel 2 and section 101.
  • Section 101 is located at a distance equal to the diameter 102 from the partition 3. In Fig. 1, this distance is indicated by 103.
  • the length L of the area adjacent to the entrance to the channel (the distance can be input 99 into the channel and plane 101) can be determined by the formula:
  • ⁇ is the internal diameter of the channel, measured in cross section at the entrance to the channel.
  • M coefficient taking values from 1.1 to 100.
  • the coefficient "M” was obtained during experimental testing of various schemes of cavitation reactors and various schemes for their use in boiler plants.
  • FIG. 30 shows a cavitation reactor with one partition 87. There is one hole 89 in the partition. The body is indicated by 86, the inner diameter of the channel is indicated by 88. At a distance of 90 from the partition 89, there is a section with a length of 91. This section is the most distant from the entrance to the channel.
  • section 91 To the right of section 91 is the section closest to the entrance to the canal.
  • FIG. 2 shows two sections. The first section between sections 104 and 105.
  • the section between sections 106 and 105 is the section closest to channel entrance 99.
  • the section between sections 104 and 105 is the section farthest from the entrance 99 to the channel.
  • the internal cavity of the channel along the length of the channel region may contain three sections: the section closest to the channel entrance, the section farthest from the channel entrance and the middle section.
  • the middle section is located between the section closest to the entrance to the channel and the section farthest from the entrance to the channel.
  • identifiers can be applied along the length of section 6, for example, in the direction from the entrance 99 to the channel to the partition 3.
  • Adjacent site - a site whose border is adjacent to the border of another site.
  • the weight of water in a liquid is from 0.01% to 75% by weight of the liquid.
  • the weight of the oil in the liquid is from 0.00001% to 5.0% by weight of the liquid.
  • the inner diameter of the channel (or simply the diameter of the channel) in the cross section is the upper bound of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points of the inner boundary of the channel cross section in a certain section of the channel.
  • the term was developed using the source: Mathematics. Big Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. Yu.V. Prokhorov.-3rd ed. - M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2000.-848 p.: Ill.
  • the inner diameter of the channel (or simply the diameter of the channel) dmc in cross section in figure 1 is indicated by 102.
  • the liquid flow rate in a certain section of the channel is determined by the passage section of the channel (more precisely, the area of the passage section of the channel SnK) in this section.
  • the area of the passage section of the channel SnK is calculated by the formula:
  • BOD n "STC 2/4 b
  • epk is the inner diameter of the channel at the entrance to the channel
  • p is the number of "PI”. With ten characters, the PI value is 3.1415926536.
  • the hole (or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition serve to narrow and accelerate the flow of fluid passing through the cavitation reactor.
  • the flow rate of liquid through the hole (s) is determined by the bore of the hole (more precisely, the area of the bore of the hole).
  • the length of the hole is equal to the thickness of the partition or greater than the thickness of the partition, if the hole is not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the channel, but filled at an angle not equal to 0 degrees.
  • the diameter of the hole in the cross section is the upper bound of the distances between all kinds of pairs of points of the inner boundary of the cross section of the hole in a certain section.
  • the diameter of the hole is the smallest of the diameters of the holes in the sections.
  • the hole or holes in the baffle have a total passage area Sn.
  • the total area of the bore of the holes in the partition Sn is determined by the formula:
  • SnK is the area of the passage section of the channel at the entrance to the channel
  • N is a coefficient taking values from 0.09 to 0.25.
  • P is a coefficient taking values from 1 to 5.
  • the pressure drop across the cavitation reactor is the difference in the readings of the pressure gauges at the inlet and outlet of the cavitation reactor during its operation.
  • the length of the intensive cavitation zone is the distance along the longitudinal axis of the channel from the beginning of the zone of formation of vapor bubbles to the end of the zone of collapse of the bubbles.
  • the claimed invention is aimed at solving the following problem: improving the reliability of the cavitation reactor and reducing energy consumption for high-quality cavitation treatment of the liquid.
  • the application describes four variants of the invention. All four variants of the invention ensure the achievement of all technical results.
  • a cavitation reactor comprising a housing with a channel for moving fluid and a channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, comprises an entrance to the channel, a partition, an exit from the channel, the partition containing at least one opening, wherein the above-mentioned channel for moving liquid and an opening ( or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition are made in such a way that during the operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor, and differs from the prototype in that
  • the internal cavity of the channel along the length of the channel area contains two sections, and in each of the sections the inner diameter of the channel along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the channel to the partition) decreases to the minimum internal diameter of the channel by this section, and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the channel in this section;
  • the minimum internal diameter of the channel is larger in magnitude than the minimum internal diameter of the channel of the section farthest from the entrance to the channel; and as a liquid, an oil product containing water is used.
  • gasoline As a petroleum product, gasoline, or diesel fuel, or kerosene, or fuel oil, or a mixture thereof is used.
  • the cavitation reactor can be designed so that the above sections are adjacent.
  • a cavitation reactor comprising a housing with a channel for moving fluid and a channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, comprises an entrance to the channel, a partition, an exit from the channel, the partition containing at least one opening, wherein the above-mentioned channel for moving liquid and an opening ( or holes if there are more than one of them) in the partition made in such a way that during the operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor, and differs from the prototype in that
  • the channel in the region adjacent to the entrance to the channel, contains two channel constrictions: the narrowing of the channel closest to the entrance to the channel and the narrowing of the channel farthest from the entrance to the channel;
  • the minimum inner diameter is larger than the minimum internal diameter of the narrowing farthest from the entrance to the channel.
  • a cavitation reactor comprising a housing with a channel for moving fluid and a channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, comprises an entrance to the channel, a partition, an exit from the channel, the partition containing at least one opening, wherein the above-mentioned channel for moving liquid and an opening ( or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition are made in such a way that during the operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor, and differs from the prototype in that
  • the internal channel cavity along the length of the channel area contains three sections: the section closest to the channel entrance, the section farthest from the channel entrance and the middle section, and in each of the sections the inner diameter of the channel along the section length (in the direction from the entrance to the channel to the partition) decreases to the minimum internal diameter of the channel in this section, and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the channel in this section,
  • the minimum internal diameter of the channel is smaller than the minimum internal diameter of the channel in the area closest to the entrance to the channel and larger than the minimum internal diameter of the channel of the section farthest from the entrance to the channel;
  • an oil product containing water is used as a liquid.
  • gasoline As a petroleum product, gasoline, or diesel fuel, or kerosene, or fuel oil, or a mixture thereof is used.
  • the cavitation reactor can be designed so that the above sections are adjacent.
  • a cavitation reactor comprising a housing with a channel for moving fluid and a channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, comprises an entrance to the channel, a partition, an exit from the channel, the partition containing at least one opening, wherein the above-mentioned channel for moving liquid and an opening ( or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition are made in such a way that during the operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor, and differs from the prototype in that
  • the channel in the region adjacent to the entrance to the channel, contains three channel narrowings: the narrowing of the channel closest to the channel entrance, the middle narrowing and narrowing of the channel farthest from the channel entrance;
  • the minimum inner diameter is smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the narrowing of the channel closest to the entrance to the channel
  • the minimum inner diameter is larger than the minimum inner diameter of the constriction farthest from the entrance to the channel.
  • a cavitation reactor comprising a housing with a channel for moving fluid and a channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, comprises an entrance to the channel, a partition, an exit from the channel, the partition containing at least one opening, wherein the above-mentioned channel for moving liquid and an opening ( or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition are made in such a way that during the operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor, and differs from the prototype in that
  • the hole in the partition contains two sections, and in each of the sections, the inner diameter of the hole along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the hole to the exit from the hole) decreases to the minimum internal diameter of the hole in this section, and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the hole on this site;
  • the minimum internal diameter of the hole is larger in magnitude than the minimum internal diameter of the hole of the section farthest from the entrance to the hole;
  • an oil product containing water is used as a liquid.
  • the cavitation reactor can be designed so that the above sections are adjacent.
  • a cavitation reactor comprising a housing with a channel for moving fluid and a channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, comprises an entrance to the channel, a partition, an exit from the channel, the partition containing at least one opening, wherein the above-mentioned channel for moving liquid and an opening ( or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition are made in such a way that during the operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor, and differs from the prototype in that
  • the internal cavity of the channel along the length of the channel area contains two sections, and in each of the sections the inner diameter of the channel along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the channel to the partition) decreases to the minimum internal diameter of the channel by this section, and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the channel in this section;
  • the minimum internal diameter of the channel is larger in magnitude than the minimum internal diameter of the channel of the section farthest from the entrance to the channel;
  • the hole in the partition contains two sections, and in each of the sections, the inner diameter of the hole along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the hole to the exit from the hole) decreases to the minimum internal diameter of the hole in this section, and then increases to the maximum internal diameter holes in this area;
  • the minimum internal diameter of the hole is larger in magnitude than the minimum internal diameter of the hole of the section farthest from the entrance to the hole;
  • an oil product containing water is used as a liquid.
  • gasoline As a petroleum product, gasoline, or diesel fuel, or kerosene, or fuel oil, or a mixture thereof is used.
  • the cavitation reactor can be designed so that the above sections are adjacent.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a cavitation reactor with one partition in the channel.
  • Figure 2 presents the remote element I.
  • Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 show patterns of fluid movement through the constrictions in the channel.
  • Figure 1 1 presents a longitudinal section of a cavitation reactor with two partitions in the channel.
  • Fig, 14, 15 and 16 presents possible options for the implementation of narrowing in the opening of the septum.
  • Fig, 22, 23 and 24 presents a longitudinal section of a partition with different designs of holes.
  • FIG. 1 presents a longitudinal section of a cavitation reactor with one partition in the channel.
  • the main task of the restrictions in the channel and the hole is the maximum perturbation of the flow in front of the intensive cavitation zone.
  • the restriction 6 is located between sections 106 and 105.
  • the restriction 7 is located between sections 104 and 105. Both constrictions 6 and 7 are located in the channel area adjacent to the entrance to the channel between the entrance to channel 99 and section 101.
  • the minimum internal diameter of the channel in section 6 is equal to the minimum internal diameter of the channel in section 7.
  • the minimum internal diameter of the channel in section 6 is equal to the minimum internal diameter of the channel in section 7.
  • the minimum internal diameter of the channel 94 in section 8 is greater than the minimum internal diameter of the channel 95 in section 9.
  • the minimum inner diameter of the channel 96 in section 10 is greater than the minimum inner diameter of the channel 97 in section 11.
  • the value of the minimum internal diameter of the channel 97 in section 11 is greater than the minimum internal diameter of the channel 98 in section 12.
  • the forms of narrowing of the channels can be different, for example, such as depicted in Fig.Z, or such as depicted in Fig.5 and Fig.6.
  • the shape of the narrowing in the holes can be different, for example, such as shown in Fig.12, Fig.13, Fig.14, or such as shown in Fig A 6 and Fig (see positions 41 and 42).
  • the location of the holes in the partition, their inclination to the longitudinal axis of the channel can be different.
  • the location of the holes in the partition may be as shown in FIGS. 17-20.
  • the inclination of the holes to the longitudinal axis of the channel may be as shown in FIGS. 21-24.
  • Figure 5 and figure 6 shows the narrowing 13 and 14 with a different shape of a longitudinal section. 1 embodiment of the invention.
  • the cavitation reactor contains a housing 1 (see Fig. 1) with a channel 2 for the movement of liquid and the channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, contains an entrance 99 to the channel, a partition 3, an exit from the channel 100, and the partition contains at least one hole 4 however, the above channel for the movement of liquid and the hole (or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition is made in such a way that during operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor.
  • the reactor is attached to the pipeline by means of thread 5.
  • the internal cavity of the channel along the length of the channel area contains two sections 8 and 9 (see Fig. 3). And in each of the sections, the inner diameter of the channel along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the channel to the partition) decreases to the minimum internal diameter of the channel in this section (to a diameter of 94 in section 8 and to a diameter of 95 in section 9), and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the channel in this section.
  • the minimum internal channel 94 is larger than the minimum internal diameter 95 of the channel of section 9 farthest from the channel entrance.
  • the cavitation reactor contains a housing 1 (see Fig. 1) with a channel 2 for the movement of liquid and the channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, contains an entrance 99 to the channel, a partition 3, an exit from the channel 100, and the partition contains at least one hole 4 however, the above channel for the movement of liquid and the hole (or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition is made in such a way that during operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel along the length of the channel area contains three sections: section 10 closest to the entrance to the channel, section 12 farthest from the entrance to the channel and middle section 11, and in each of the sections the diameter of the channel along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the channel to the partition) decreases to the minimum internal diameter of the channel in this section, and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the channel in this section, and in the middle section 1 1, the minimum inner diameter of the channel 97 is smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the channel 96 in the section 10 closest to the entrance to the channel and larger than the minimum internal diameter of the channel 98 of the section 12 farthest from the entrance to the channel (see Fig. four).
  • the cavitation reactor contains a housing 1 (see Fig. 1) with a channel 2 for the movement of liquid and the channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, contains an entrance 99 to the channel, a partition 3, an exit from the channel 100, and the partition contains at least one hole 4 however, the above channel for the movement of liquid and the hole (or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition is made in such a way that during operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor.
  • the hole 4 in the partition 3 contains two sections (36 and 37), and in each of the sections the inner diameter of the hole along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the hole to the exit from the hole) is reduced to the minimum internal diameter of the hole in this section, and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the hole in this section;
  • the minimum inner diameter of the hole is larger in magnitude than the minimum inner diameter of the hole of the portion 37 farthest from the entrance to the hole (see FIG. 13).
  • the cavitation reactor contains a housing 1 (see Fig. 1) with a channel 2 for the movement of liquid and the channel, in the direction of movement of the liquid, contains an entrance 99 to the channel, a partition 3, an exit from the channel 100, and the partition contains at least one hole 4 however, the above channel for the movement of liquid and the hole (or holes, if there are more than one) in the partition is made in such a way that during operation of the cavitation reactor ensure the passage of fluid through the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel along the length of the channel area contains two sections 8 and 9 (see Fig. 3). And in each of the sections, the inner diameter of the channel along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the channel to the partition) decreases to the minimum internal diameter of the channel in this section (to a diameter of 94 in section 8 and to a diameter of 95 in section 9), and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the channel in this section. And in section 8, closest to the entrance to the channel, the minimum internal channel 94 in size is larger than the minimum internal diameter 95 of the channel in section 9, the most remote from the channel entrance.
  • the hole 4 in the partition 3 contains two sections (36 and 37), and in each of the sections the inner diameter of the hole along the length of the section (in the direction from the entrance to the hole to the exit from the hole) is reduced to the minimum internal diameter of the hole in this section, and then increases to the maximum internal diameter of the hole in this section;
  • the minimum inner diameter of the hole is larger in magnitude than the minimum inner diameter of the hole of the portion 37 farthest from the entrance to the hole (see FIG. 13).
  • a petroleum product containing water is used as a liquid.
  • a petroleum product gasoline, or diesel fuel, or kerosene, or fuel oil, or a mixture thereof is used.
  • the cavitation reactor operates as follows.
  • Liquid is pumped to the reactor inlet.
  • Intensive mixing of the fluid flow in the cavitation reactor is carried out when it interacts with the narrowing of the channel 6 and 7 (see figure 2), 8 and 9 (see 3), 10, 11, 12 (see figure 4).
  • the mixing of the fluid flow can be carried out in the opening of the septum by performing constrictions 34 and 35 (see Fig. 12), 36 and 37 (see Fig. 13), 38, 39 and 40 (see Fig. 14) .
  • the direction of fluid movement in the cavitation reactor is indicated by 15 (see FIGS. 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10 and other figures).
  • the flow Moving along the channel and through the hole (s) in the baffle, the flow narrows, the flow rate of the fluid increases, and the pressure in the flow decreases.
  • the pressure in the liquid reaches a value equal to the pressure of the saturated vapor of the liquid (or a value equal to the pressure of the saturated vapor of the component entering the liquid)
  • vapor bubbles form in the stream.
  • the opening of the partition and behind the partition the flow expands, the flow rate decreases, the pressure in the flow increases, the vapor bubbles collapse, while ensuring effective crushing of the components entering the liquid and their mixing.
  • FIG. P shows a reactor with two baffles 24 and 25.
  • bushings 26, 27 and 28 are located in the reactor vessel 23. These bushings hold the baffles 24 and 25 in certain places in the reactor channel. The bushings, in turn, are clamped by covers 30 and 29.
  • One hole 31 is made to the partition 24, and two holes 32 and 33 are made in the partition 25.
  • cavitation reactors with internal diameters of the channels at the entrance to the channels of 10 mm, 18 mm, and 30 mm were used. Partitions with a thickness of 5 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm were used. The number of holes in the partitions: 1, 2 and 4.
  • the total area of the bore of the holes in the partition is 7 mm, 19.6 mm, 22.9 mm, 763.6 mm, 176.6 mm.
  • the speed at the entrance to the channel was provided (regulated) from 2 m / s to 18 m / s (using transparent cavitation reactors), from 22 m / s to 35 m / s, from 45 m / s to 50 m / s.
  • Manometers were installed at the inlet and outlet of the cavitation reactor.
  • the flow rate was regulated by a valve located in the pipeline between the pump and the reactor.
  • the flow rate was measured using an ISP- hydrometer spinner.
  • the degree of narrowing of the channel dSl in the first section is determined by the formula:
  • the degree of narrowing of the channel dS2 in the second section is determined by the formula:
  • the degree of narrowing of the channel dS3 in the third section is determined by the formula:
  • dS3 (1 - S3 / Sn K ) 100%.
  • the narrowing in the channel was performed using rings of a certain shape and size installed in the channel.
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole dSol in the first section is determined by the formula:
  • Snl is the total area of the bore of the holes in the partition at the entrance to the hole (holes).
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole dSo2 in the second section is determined by the formula:
  • Table 1 shows the dependence of the rate of establishment of intensive cavitation and the length of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the channel of the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the hole in the septum does not contain constrictions (see Fig. 1).
  • Table 2 presents the dependence of the rate of establishment of intensive cavitation and the length of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the channel of the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the hole in the septum does not contain constrictions (see Fig. 1).
  • Table 3 shows the dependence of the rate of establishment of intensive cavitation and the extent of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the channel of the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains three constrictions.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the hole in the septum does not contain constrictions (see Fig. 1).
  • Table 4 shows the dependence of the rate of establishment of intensive cavitation and the extent of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the bore hole in the channel of the cavitation reactor. In the region of the channel adjacent to the entrance to the channel, the internal cavity of the channel does not contain any constrictions. The shape of the constrictions in the opening of the septum is shown in FIG. 12.
  • Table 5 presents the dependence of the rate of establishment of intense cavitation and the extent of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the bore hole in the channel of the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel does not contain constrictions.
  • the shape of the constrictions in the opening of the septum is shown in FIG. 12.
  • Table 6 shows the dependence of the rate of establishment of intensive cavitation and the extent of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the channel of the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the hole in the partition contains two constrictions (see Fig. 12).
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the first section is 0.4.
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the second section is 0.6.
  • Table 7 presents the dependence of the rate of establishment of intensive cavitation and the extent of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the channel of the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the hole in the partition contains two constrictions (see Fig. 12).
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the first section is 3.7.
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the second section is 4.7.
  • Table 8 presents the dependence of the rate of establishment of intensive cavitation and the extent of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the channel of the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the hole in the partition contains two constrictions (see Fig. 12).
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the first section is 20.0.
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the second section is 22.6.
  • Table 9 shows the dependence of the rate of establishment of intensive cavitation and the length of the zone of intensive cavitation on the geometric characteristics of the channel of the cavitation reactor.
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the hole in the partition contains two constrictions (see Fig. 12).
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the first section is 25.0.
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the second section is 27.2.
  • the efficiency of the cavitation reactor was determined by the rate of establishment of intense cavitation and the extent of the zone of intensive cavitation. The lower the rate of establishment of intense cavitation and the greater the length of the zone of intensive cavitation, the higher the efficiency of the cavitation reactor.
  • FIG. 1 On Fig also shows a picture of the movement of fluid through two constrictions 8 and 9 in the channel. Stream 16 moving through the constriction is turbulized to a greater extent than when moving through the constriction 6 and 7. The experimental results are shown in table 1.
  • table 1 shows experiment 1, in which the channel and the hole in the partition are made without restrictions.
  • Table 1 in experiments 6-12 shows an increase in the efficiency of the cavitation reactor by increasing the minimum internal diameters in sections 6 and 7. It can be seen that the efficiency increases to a certain degree of narrowing of the channel (experiment 10), then with increasing degree of narrowing the efficiency does not grow.
  • the flow pattern in the reactor at two constrictions 92 and 93 is shown in FIG. 10.
  • Table 2 in experiments 17-19 shows an increase in the efficiency of the cavitation reactor from an increase in the difference between the minimum internal diameters (diameters 94 and 95) in sections 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 1 On Fig shows a picture of the fluid flow through the hole 50 in the partition 49.
  • the hole 50 In the septum no narrowing.
  • the hole 50 is made cylindrical in shape.
  • Vortices 54 are formed in front of the septum.
  • Vortices 55 also form behind the septum.
  • the flow In the hole, the flow reaches the speed at which steam bubbles 51 appear. Behind the hole, the flow expands, the flow rate decreases, the pressure in the flow increases, and the steam bubbles 51 collapse. Microexplosions occur 52.
  • FIG shows a picture of the fluid flow through the hole 56 in the septum 57.
  • the hole 56 is made with one narrowing (in the form of a Laval nozzle).
  • flow 61 narrows. Twists 60 are formed in front of the partition. Twirls also form behind the partition.
  • the flow reaches the speed at which steam bubbles 59 appear. Behind the hole, the flow expands, the flow rate decreases, the pressure in the stream increases, the steam bubbles 59 collapse. Microexplosions occur 58.
  • 28 and 29 show patterns of fluid movement through the constrictions in the openings of the septum.
  • a stream flows around two identical constrictions 62 and 63 in the hole.
  • the velocity reaches a value at which vapor bubbles 67 and 65 appear.
  • the flow expands, the velocity decreases, the pressure increases, and the bubbles collapse with microexplosions 66 and 64.
  • a turbulence zone 68 forms in front of the septum. Twist zone 69 forms before the constriction and behind the constrictions , 70.
  • the stream also flows around two constrictions 71 and 72 in the hole.
  • the velocity reaches a value at which vapor bubbles 73 and 75 appear.
  • the flow expands, the velocity decreases, the pressure increases, the bubbles collapse by microexplosions 74 and 76.
  • vortex zones form.
  • FIG. 29 a stream flows around the three constrictions 77, 78 and 79 in the hole.
  • the velocity reaches a value at which vapor bubbles 81, 82, and 84 appear.
  • the flow expands, the velocity decreases, the pressure increases, the bubbles collapse by microexplosions 80, 83, and 85.
  • Vortex zones form before the constrictions and behind the constrictions. In front of and behind the septum, turbulence zones form.
  • the fluid flow narrows further, accelerates to the speed at which vapor bubbles form. Then the bubbles collapse, crushing and mixing the fluid flow.
  • Tables 6 - 9 show the results of experiments in which the degree of narrowing of the hole in the septum was changed from 0.4 to 27.2. The degree of narrowing in two sections in the channel was varied from 0.2 to 3.6. There were other tests, however, in order not to clutter up the description, the authors cite the data only from tables 6 - 9.
  • the manufacturing time (at the same enterprise) of the claimed reactors is approximately 3-5 times less than the manufacturing time of the prototype with the same hydraulic characteristics.
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the hole in the partition contains two constrictions (see Fig. 12).
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the first section is 0.4.
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the second section is 0.6
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the hole in the partition contains two constrictions (see Fig. 12).
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the first section is 20.0.
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the second section is 22.6
  • the internal cavity of the channel contains two constrictions with the same minimum internal diameters.
  • the shape of the constrictions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the hole in the partition contains two constrictions (see Fig. 12).
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the first section is 25.0.
  • the degree of narrowing of the hole in the second section is 27.2

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine de la génération d'électricité et du génie mécanique, et peut être utilisée lors de la conception et de la production de réacteurs à cavitation servant à la préparation en vue de l'allumage, dans des moteurs à combustion interne et des chaudières, de divers mélanges de carburants contenant de l'eau, et afin de purifier l'eau des micro et nanoparticules de pétrole et de produits pétroliers. Le but de l'invention est d'augmenter la fiabilité de fonctionnement du réacteur à cavitation et de réduire les dépenses énergétiques afin de réaliser un traitement par cavitation de qualité d'un liquide. La mise en œuvre de la présente invention permet d'obtenir les résultats techniques suivants : une augmentation de la fiabilité structurelle et de la durée de vie du réacteur à cavitation, tout en réduisant la vitesse de génération de cavitation intensive et en augmentant la taille de la région (zone) de cavitation intensive du liquide dans le réacteur à cavitation; et une simplification de la fabrication du réacteur à cavitation. Ces résultats techniques sont atteints grâce à un réacteur à cavitation comprenant un corps avec un canal de mise en mouvement de liquide qui comprend une cloison, laquelle cloison comprend au moins une ouverture; le canal de mise en mouvement de liquide et l'ouverture (ou ouvertures si plus d'une) dans la cloison comportent des rétrécissements.
PCT/RU2013/000899 2013-10-11 2013-10-11 Réacteur à cavitation (variantes) WO2015053649A1 (fr)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9542123B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2017-01-10 Intel Corporation Disabling a command associated with a memory device
WO2020039228A1 (fr) * 2018-08-19 2020-02-27 Khodaverdyan Hadi Procédé de production de nano-émulsion d'eau avec des carburants fluides lourds
WO2020159350A2 (fr) 2019-02-01 2020-08-06 Treviño Quintanilla Sergio Antonio Procédé pour la production d'un carburant diesel amélioré

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2209335C1 (ru) * 2001-12-17 2003-07-27 Брянцев Алексей Хрисанфович Устройство для гомогенизации топливовоздушной смеси в двигателе внутреннего сгорания
US20060027100A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2006-02-09 Five Star Technologies, Inc. Device and method for generating micro bubbles in a liquid using hydrodynamic cavitation
RU2430773C1 (ru) * 2010-05-05 2011-10-10 Владимир Павлович Лобко Диспергатор

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2209335C1 (ru) * 2001-12-17 2003-07-27 Брянцев Алексей Хрисанфович Устройство для гомогенизации топливовоздушной смеси в двигателе внутреннего сгорания
US20060027100A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2006-02-09 Five Star Technologies, Inc. Device and method for generating micro bubbles in a liquid using hydrodynamic cavitation
RU2430773C1 (ru) * 2010-05-05 2011-10-10 Владимир Павлович Лобко Диспергатор

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9542123B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2017-01-10 Intel Corporation Disabling a command associated with a memory device
WO2020039228A1 (fr) * 2018-08-19 2020-02-27 Khodaverdyan Hadi Procédé de production de nano-émulsion d'eau avec des carburants fluides lourds
WO2020159350A2 (fr) 2019-02-01 2020-08-06 Treviño Quintanilla Sergio Antonio Procédé pour la production d'un carburant diesel amélioré

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