WO2015053640A2 - Counter rotating wind turbine generator in the perimeter - Google Patents

Counter rotating wind turbine generator in the perimeter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015053640A2
WO2015053640A2 PCT/PH2014/000017 PH2014000017W WO2015053640A2 WO 2015053640 A2 WO2015053640 A2 WO 2015053640A2 PH 2014000017 W PH2014000017 W PH 2014000017W WO 2015053640 A2 WO2015053640 A2 WO 2015053640A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blades
wind turbine
wind
machine according
turbine machine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PH2014/000017
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2015053640A3 (en
Inventor
Karl Ivan E. ESTADOLA
Jeffry Joffer D. FORNELA
Fremark C. DE AUSTRIA
Jayson NUESTRO
Marvin Noel B. VERSO
Francis R. LERON
Original Assignee
Estadola Karl Ivan E
Fornela Jeffry Joffer D
De Austria Fremark C
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Estadola Karl Ivan E, Fornela Jeffry Joffer D, De Austria Fremark C filed Critical Estadola Karl Ivan E
Publication of WO2015053640A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015053640A2/en
Publication of WO2015053640A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015053640A3/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/02Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F03D1/025Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors coaxially arranged
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224Adjusting blade pitch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/041Automatic control; Regulation by means of a mechanical governor
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to wind turbines, but more particularly to a variable speed wind turbine machine with a generator provided on the perimeter having counter rotating rotors and a pitching means and dispenses the use of a conventional gearbox BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • the wind power varies so greatly that the turbine must be able to generate power in light winds and withstand the loads in much stronger winds. Therefore, above the optimum wind speed, the blades are typically pitched either into the wind (feathering) or away from the wind (active stall) to reduce the generated power and regulate the loads. If pitching mechanism is not available, the rotor will continue to increase its revolution above its rated design, thus it will be damaged due to centrifugal force that will acts on the body. Pitching mechanism of the blades is mostly done by the motor or through hydraulics, requiring active sensor and power source to turn the blades from the hub which is typically expensive. We need to invent a pitching mechanism that will not need to use power supply but will be triggered automatically.
  • the conventional blade technology today uses materials like fiber glass, carbon fiber or materials that can withstand the load of the wind.
  • the weight of the blades for the MW level wind turbine weighs not lesser than 36,000kgs. This requires a massive amount of power just to pitch the blade or to transport and install the blades.
  • We need a new design so that we can make the blades easier to transport and install, has the capability to withstand the wind while having it cost efficient.
  • the main object of the present invention to provide for a novel wind turbine machine that can efficiently capture more efficient power ranging from low wind speed to high wind speed conditions with added mechanical without the use of a gear box and is provided with a pitching means that will not need to use power supply but will be triggered automatically.
  • Counter rotating wind turbine having the generator in the perimeter- allows more power extraction from the wind.
  • the front rotor has shrouding mechanism that draws in the wind from the surrounding environment; to accelerate the wind speed going on from the turbine blades that allows the turbine to capture power from low wind speed condition.
  • the rear rotor has diffuser system and is set to cut in at predetermined wind load, thus will yield to more generated energy.
  • the pitch of the front rotor to the rear rotor is reverse so that the rotor counter rotates; the rear rotor has different pitch angle compared to the front rotor.
  • Automatic blade pitch mechanism with add-on blades allows no power source to pitch the blade but triggered through centrifugal force thus preventing over speed of the rotors and maximum revolution per minute can be designed.
  • the blades are typically pitched to reduce the generated power and regulate the loads caused by the wind and the centrifugal force that acts on the body.
  • the add-on blades is the extended blades of the turbine, can be installed and uninstall easily, located from the perimeter to the outer extension that allows more power to be extracted without the significant increase of cost.
  • the wind turbine of the present invention is versatile that it can deliver power at a broader range of operation to increase energy production.
  • the wind turbine machine of the present invention has a better inertia when compared with the conventional three blade wind turbines, thus when sudden wind gust occurs, the fluctuation of the voltage and power which might be damaged the electronic components are prevented.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide for a wind turbine efficient power generation from low wind speed to high wind speed while preventing damage on its operation.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present invention for a wind turbine;
  • Figure 2 is a front view thereof;
  • Figure 3 is a side view thereof;
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view of taken along line B-B of figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view showing the pitching means of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a side perspective showing the details of the pitching means of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is side perspective showing the details of the pitching means of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a side view showing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS 10 and 11a and lib show another embodiment of the pitching means according to the present invention is a detailed view of the pitching means of the present invention.
  • the wind turbine 10 in accordance with the present invention generally comprises of a pair of spaced apart counter rotatable front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 rotatably supported on a supporting means 13 and a plurality of spaced apart front blades 14 and rear blades 15 rotatably secured correspondingly within the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12.
  • the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 are adapted and configured to counter rotate correspondingly to a first and second wind loads as shown by arrows Rl and R2, respectively.
  • the first wind load is a low wind speed
  • the second wind load is a predetermined wind speed.
  • the supporting means 13 preferably comprises of a base 13a, a rotatable mast 13b which is capable of rotating at 360 degrees with respect to the base 13a when subjected to various wind loads and a horizontal shaft 13c secured to the mast 13b.
  • the base 13a is preferably provided with a detachable mechanism (not shown) to facilitate the transportability and repositioning of the turbine machine 10 in various locations where the desired wind loads can be attained.
  • each of the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12, respectively, comprises of hollow circular frames 11a, 12a, a common coaxial central hubs "H” and a plurality of spokes “S” extending between frames 11a, 12a and the central hub "H".
  • the central hubs "H” has a horizontal axis defined by the bore "O”.
  • the horizontal shaft 13c of the rotatable mast 13b extends through the coaxial central hubs "H” through the bore "O" and rotatably supported by means of a pair of bearings 13d and 13d' provided on the hubs "H” to allow and efficiently enable the counter rotation of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 and their simultaneous rotations relative to the base 13a when the corresponding wind loads are applied thereon.
  • the frames 11a, 12a respectively are formed by a top walls lib, 12b, an adjoining bottom walls 11c, 12c extending from the top walls lib, 12b and an inner side wall perimeter lid, 12d formed between the top walls lib, 12b and bottom walls 11c, 12c.
  • the inner side wall perimeter of one of the rotors is provided with spaced apart grooves on the surface thereof.
  • inner side wall perimeter lid of the front rotor 11 is provided with spaced apart grooves 16 on the surface thereof.
  • the frames 11a, 12aa are further provided with holes lie, 12e on the respective top and bottom walls thereof to accommodate the spokes "S" from the hubs "H” and extend through the respective top and bottom walls of the rotors for the purpose of installing the front blades 14 and rear blades 15 and to rigidify the structure of the rotors, among others.
  • a generator means "G” is provided between the counter rotatable front and rear rotors 11, 12, more particularly between the opposed inner facing side wall perimeters lid and 12d of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12, respectively.
  • the generator means "G” includes a plurality of spaced apart magnets 17 secured on grooves 16 provided on the inner side wall perimeter lid of front rotor 11 and a plurality of corresponding coils 18 provided on the inner side wall perimeter 12d of the opposing rotor 12.
  • the coils 18 are disposed facing magnets 17 such that the counter rotation of the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 as the corresponding first and second wind loads are applied thereto will generate electrical power.
  • the electrical power that is harnessed and captured by the generator means "G" that is a result of the counter rotating front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 as initiated by the variable wind loads captured by the front blades 14 and rear blades 15 is transferred from the generator's coil to a conventional slip ring. It must also be appreciated for one skilled in the art that power is immediately generated when the one of the rotors rotate and the other rotor remains stationary.
  • the disposition of the magnets 17 and coils 18 may also be interchanged, for instance, the magnets 17 may be provided on the rear rotor 12 and the coils 18 on the front rotor 11.
  • the grooves 16 are now provided on the inner side wall perimeter 12d of the rear rotor 12 to accommodate the magnets 17.
  • the front rotor 11 is configured to rotate at a low wind speed and the rear rotor 12 is configured to counter rotate at a predetermined wind speed.
  • the coefficient of performance of both the front and rear rotors overlaps with each other to generate power at optimum level that is more powerful than conventional turbines.
  • Conventional turbines generally have single and fix coefficients.
  • providing and disposing the turbine generator means "G" on the opposing inner side wall perimeters lid and 12d of the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12, respectively greatly enhances the aerodynamic properties of the wind turbine machine 10 such as, focusing the wind to enter the rotor thus allowing the power to be efficiently captured.
  • the front rotor has wind inlet shroud mechanism to focus the wind coupled directly to the front rotor.
  • the rear rotor has d iff user mechanism coupled to the rear rotor. Combination of such mechanism allows the wind turbine to funnel and diffuse the wind while in counter rotation or even in single rotation of rotor, making the power extraction efficient.
  • the present invention for the wind turbine also dispenses with the use of a gear box assembly, which is often used in conventional wind turbines. Eliminating the use of a gearbox significantly improves the start up wind speed and thus allowing the front rotor 11 to rotate from a low wind speed.
  • Both of the front rotor 11 and rear rotors 12 are configured to counter rotate correspondingly to any given first and second wind loads.
  • the first wind load is a low wind speed and the second wind load is a predetermined wind speed.
  • the front rotor 11 is configured to rotate at low wind speed while the rear rotor 12 is configured to counter rotate at the predetermined wind speed.
  • the rotor can also be designed in a manner that the front will rotate at predetermined wind speed, while the rear rotor rotates at low wind speed.
  • the a plurality of front blades 14 and rear blades 15 are rotatably secured correspondingly to the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 to capture the wind energy to be converted to mechanical and generate electrical energy.
  • the present invention of a wind turbine machine 10 further comprises of a blade pitching means "P" configured to operate on the front rotor 11, rear rotor 12 and the corresponding front blade 14 and rear blade 15 to control the speed of rotation of front and rear rotors 11 and 12.
  • the blade pitching means “P” or automatic blade pitch mechanism uses air pressure triggered by centrifugal force to pitch the counter rotating front blades 14 and rear blades 15.
  • the purpose of the blade pitching means “P” is to prevent over speed rotation of the either front and rear rotors 11 and 12 during high wind speed while allowing power extraction during low wind speed.
  • the purpose of the blade pitching means "P" is to prevent over speed rotation of the either front and rear rotors 11 and 12 during high wind speed while allowing power extraction during low wind speed. It is designed and constructed to pitch the front blades 14 and rear blades 15 without requiring motors or other power sources, and instead uses the centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of the rotors caused by the wind speed to trigger the pitching of the blades.
  • the rotor 15 and 16 rotate to a predetermined wind speed above the optimum wind speed, the tendency is for the body to move away from the center forming a centrifugal force which acts on the body.
  • the blade pitching means “P” comprises a control means “C” defined by interconnected movable elements engagely configured about the spokes “S” and the counter rotatable front and rear blades 14, 15 to allow each of blades to pitch its angle during the harnessing of wind power from the rotation thereof.
  • the spokes "S” are fixedly secured between the hubs “H” and the walls of the rotors 11 and 12.
  • the control means “C” is provided within the frames 11a, 12a and is operabiy configured on the front and rear blades 14, 15.
  • the control means “C” is adapted to prevent unwanted movement of the blade pitch until it reaches the predetermined wind velocity with respect to the rotational revolution.
  • control means “C” includes a base 19 having adjoining horizontal member 19a and vertical member 19b, an actuating means 20 supported on the base 19 and a retractable means 21 provided on the vertical member 19b of base 19.
  • the retractable means 21 is preferably a spring actuated retractable arm 22 and or spring actuated cylinder and operabiy connected to the actuating means 20.
  • the actuating means 20 as further shown in figure 8 includes a pair of engageable gears 23 defined by an upper horizontal gear 23a and lower horizontal gear 23b having a coaxial bore 23c and an engageable vertical gear 24 both correspondingly supported on the base 19. member 19b of the base 19.
  • the retractable arm 22 can be made to pivot in a resting position 27a to a retracted position 27b as shown in figure 4.
  • the retractable arm 22 as shown in figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 are all in retracted position 27b.
  • the movement of the retractable arms 22 from a resting position 27a to a retracted position 27b is due to the centrifugal forces that are developed in the area where the control means "C" is disposed.
  • a plurality of spaced apart detachable auxiliary blades 28 are provided on the top wall lib, 12b of the front and rear rotors 11, 12.
  • the auxiliary blades 28 are rotatably secured to the front and rear blades 14, 15 and to the control mean "C" of the pitching means "P".
  • each of the front blade 14 and rear blade 15, and auxiliary blades 28 are provided with folds at the edges thereof forming a fluted portion "F" thereon.
  • the front blade 14 and rear blade 15, and auxiliary blades 28 are secured to the spokes "S” by securing the spokes "S" through the fluted portions "F” of the blades 14, 15 and 28.
  • the spokes may be fixed or rotatable between the hub H and the frame to the rotor. Furthermore the spokes maybe disposed randomly in a fixed or random manner between the hub and the frame to the rotor.
  • spokes "S” may be rotatably or fixed secured to the control means “C” more particularly, the spokes “S” extends though the upper horizontal gear 23a and lower horizontal gear 23b via a coaxial bore 23c provided thereon, the blades 14, 15 and 28 will counter rotate and pitch if necessary when the first and second wind loads in accordance with the present invention is introduced.
  • a deflector 29 is provided on rotors along the horizontal axis of said hub "H" to deflect the various wind loads entering the front and rear blades. In this way, uniform wind loads will only introduced to the rotors.
  • peripheral protective cover 30 is provided on the space formed between the inner side wall perimeters lid and 12d of the rotors 11 and 12, respectively.
  • a blade pitching means PI is provided and comprises of an inflatable front blades and rear blades 31 rotatably secured to the spokes "S" and a control means CI operably configured to the inflatable blades 31.
  • the control means CI is a closed pneumatic system which includes a cylinder 32 provided within the frame 11a and lib of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12, an actuating means 33 provided within the cylinder 32 and a tube 34 interconnecting the cylinder 32 to the inflatable front and rear blades 31.
  • the tube 34 extends from a orifice 31a on the wall of the blades passing through a orifice 32a on the cylinder 32 up the top of the actuating means 33.
  • actuating means in the present invention is a retractable spring element 35 having a top surface 35a and is provided within the cylinder 32.
  • the top surface 35sa of the spring element 35 is operably connected to the tube 34 such that when centrifugal force "F" is applied the spring element 35 will move upwards from a retracted position V along the inner walls of the cylinder 32 (as shown in figure lib) to a stretched position (figure 11a) to allow the pitching of the blades 31 at various angles 3 by deflating the air inside the blades 31.
  • the single tube 34 may be interconnected to all or any desired number of inflated blades 31 provided in the rotor
  • the blades are preferably made of rigid inflatable materials to allow the blades to be weightless for easy installation.
  • the blades are installed by initially putting the blades structure deflated (without air inside the blade), the blades will be inflated so that the blades will be structured to capture power from the wind.
  • the cylinder 32 of herein closed pneumatic system originally has no air inside and the spring element 35 gives the cylinder 32 ability to pitch the blades 31 to capture power from low wind speed condition.
  • the centrifugal force initiates, and the tendency of the cylinder 32 is to move away from the center of the machine.
  • the cylinder 32 moves away making the air enter through the orifice 31a and 32a of the cylinder 32 from the inflated blades 31 and thus making the blades pitch its angle in blade 31' position since the air goes to the cylinder 32 via the upward movement of the spring element 35 as pushed by the air coming from the blades 31 as shown in figure 11a. At this pitching position the blades begin to deflate.
  • both the pitching means "P" and “PI” can also be combined and installed together within the frames 11a and 12a of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 as shown in figure 10.
  • low speed wind load is introduce to the front rotor 11 and the predetermined wind load to the rear rotor 12 to induce the counter rotation of the rotors and produce electrical power.
  • the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 will capture power from the wind.
  • the front rotor 11 will capture power from the wind.
  • the rear rotor 12 will capture the remaining power from the wind.
  • the Betz limit states that the ideal power that can be captured in the wind is 59.3%.
  • the blades can be designed to capture the power from the Betz limit in order to prevent turbulence.
  • the front rotor 11 via blades 14 will rotate producing power from the low wind speed.
  • the rear rotor 12 via blades 15 counter rotates to a predetermined wind speed that can be set according with the present invention.
  • Each of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 have different coefficients of performance and when the rotors counter rotate optimal power from the wind is efficiently captured.
  • the blade pitching means will operates on both low wind speed and high wind speed conditions as herein described below.
  • the counter rotatable front and rear blades 14 and 15 will captures wind power even at low wind speed and feathers during high wind speed.
  • the high pressure of air inside the control means "C” will automatically make the blades pitch its angle to harness wind power as previously described.
  • the spring 21 prevents a centrifugal mass in the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 to cause unwanted movement of blade pitch until it reaches to the predetermined wind velocity (during high wind speed) with respect to the rotational revolution.
  • the centrifugal force When the centrifugal force is present and activates the blade pitch mechanism, it decreases the pressure from air.
  • the blades 14 and 15 When the wind speed increases, the blades 14 and 15 will keep adjusting its position (forward and backward) via the control means "C" as previously described.
  • the pitch of the blades will protect the wind turbine from over speed rotation and the maximum speed (rpm) of the rotors 11 and 12 can be set and designed to be able to operate even at extreme wind speed revolutions. This can be easily attained by the control means "C".
  • each rotor 11 and 12 gradually increases to their respective outer diameters which generally form a shroud portion llf and 12f to efficiently capture wind power.
  • the front rotor as a inlet and rear rotor as diffuser.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wind turbine machine comprising a supporting means, a pair of spaced apart counter rotatable front and rear rotors being rotatably supported on said supporting means, said front and rear rotors being adapted to counter rotate correspondingly to a first and second wind loads, a plurality of spaced apart front and rear blades being rotatably secured correspondingly within said front and rear rotors, a generator means being provided between of said front and rear rotors, and a blade pitching means being configured to operate on said front and rear rotors and said blades to control the speed of rotation of said front and rear rotors. The front rotor has a tunneling mechanism directly coupled to the front rotor and a diffuser mechanism for the rear rotor. The blades are made of hollow inflatable materials filled with air with pitching mechanism, making the present invention lighter than the conventional blades design.

Description

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
COUNTER ROTATING WIND TURBINE GENERATOR IN THE PERIMETER
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates in general to wind turbines, but more particularly to a variable speed wind turbine machine with a generator provided on the perimeter having counter rotating rotors and a pitching means and dispenses the use of a conventional gearbox BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are numerous attempts made to try to increase wind turbine performance potential beyond the "Betz" limit. One example is using two rotors in counter rotation, this increase the power extraction from the wind since the wind will be captured by the two rotors. However, most of this wind turbine machines use gearbox to capture and generate power from low wind speed to high wind speed condition. The use of gearbox has disadvantages due to its inefficiency, wear and tear that adds to maintenance cost of the wind turbine. There are other wind turbine that uses counter rotation of rotor, however, they also uses gearbox that has disadvantages mentioned above. Some wind turbine uses gearless mechanism that has the capability to run at low wind speed condition but has limited capability when the turbine runs at high wind speed condition. Other prior art wind turbine technology is putting the generator in the perimeter, done by the "Windtronics Honeywell" wind turbine. This turbine is able to run in low wind speed, however, it has limited capability on high wind speed condition since they don't have a pitching mechanism.
Furthermore, the wind power varies so greatly that the turbine must be able to generate power in light winds and withstand the loads in much stronger winds. Therefore, above the optimum wind speed, the blades are typically pitched either into the wind (feathering) or away from the wind (active stall) to reduce the generated power and regulate the loads. If pitching mechanism is not available, the rotor will continue to increase its revolution above its rated design, thus it will be damaged due to centrifugal force that will acts on the body. Pitching mechanism of the blades is mostly done by the motor or through hydraulics, requiring active sensor and power source to turn the blades from the hub which is typically expensive. We need to invent a pitching mechanism that will not need to use power supply but will be triggered automatically.
The conventional blade technology today uses materials like fiber glass, carbon fiber or materials that can withstand the load of the wind. The weight of the blades for the MW level wind turbine weighs not lesser than 36,000kgs. This requires a massive amount of power just to pitch the blade or to transport and install the blades. We need a new design so that we can make the blades easier to transport and install, has the capability to withstand the wind while having it cost efficient.
Thus, a need exists for a wind turbine that can efficiently capture power from low wind speed to high wind speed condition that has mechanical stability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To solve the technical problems of the existing wind turbine machines, it is, therefore, the main object of the present invention to provide for a novel wind turbine machine that can efficiently capture more efficient power ranging from low wind speed to high wind speed conditions with added mechanical without the use of a gear box and is provided with a pitching means that will not need to use power supply but will be triggered automatically.
The technical features of the present invention are the following:
1. Counter rotating wind turbine having the generator in the perimeter- allows more power extraction from the wind. The rotors to be designed as front rotor use to low wind speed and rear rotor in high wind speed thus the coefficient of performance of each rotor overlaps increasing efficiency to the designed parameters of the wind; allows the Betz limit to be possibly extracted from the wind, thus, captures maximum power from the wind; mechanically more stable since the rotor counter rotates. The front rotor has shrouding mechanism that draws in the wind from the surrounding environment; to accelerate the wind speed going on from the turbine blades that allows the turbine to capture power from low wind speed condition. The rear rotor has diffuser system and is set to cut in at predetermined wind load, thus will yield to more generated energy. The pitch of the front rotor to the rear rotor is reverse so that the rotor counter rotates; the rear rotor has different pitch angle compared to the front rotor.
2. Automatic blade pitch mechanism with add-on blades allows no power source to pitch the blade but triggered through centrifugal force thus preventing over speed of the rotors and maximum revolution per minute can be designed. When the wind turbine operates above the optimum wind speed, the blades are typically pitched to reduce the generated power and regulate the loads caused by the wind and the centrifugal force that acts on the body. The add-on blades is the extended blades of the turbine, can be installed and uninstall easily, located from the perimeter to the outer extension that allows more power to be extracted without the significant increase of cost.
The wind turbine of the present invention is versatile that it can deliver power at a broader range of operation to increase energy production. The wind turbine machine of the present invention has a better inertia when compared with the conventional three blade wind turbines, thus when sudden wind gust occurs, the fluctuation of the voltage and power which might be damaged the electronic components are prevented.
Another object of the present invention is to provide for a wind turbine efficient power generation from low wind speed to high wind speed while preventing damage on its operation.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a reading of the ensuing detailed description taken in conjunction with the appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present invention for a wind turbine; Figure 2 is a front view thereof;
Figure 3 is a side view thereof; Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of figure 1;
Figure 5 is a sectional view of taken along line B-B of figure 1;
Figure 6 is an exploded view showing the pitching means of the present invention;
Figure 7 is a side perspective showing the details of the pitching means of the present invention;
Figure 8 is side perspective showing the details of the pitching means of the present invention;
Figure 9 is a side view showing another embodiment of the present invention; and
Figures 10 and 11a and lib show another embodiment of the pitching means according to the present invention is a detailed view of the pitching means of the present invention; and
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Before describing the present utility model in detail, it is to be that the phraseologies and terminologies used herein are for the purposes of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate the components or elements throughout the ensuing enabling description, the present invention provides for a wind turbine designated as 10.
Referring now to the drawings, more particularly figures 1, 2 and 3, the wind turbine 10 in accordance with the present invention generally comprises of a pair of spaced apart counter rotatable front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 rotatably supported on a supporting means 13 and a plurality of spaced apart front blades 14 and rear blades 15 rotatably secured correspondingly within the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12. The front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 are adapted and configured to counter rotate correspondingly to a first and second wind loads as shown by arrows Rl and R2, respectively. Also, in accordance with the present invention, the first wind load is a low wind speed and the second wind load is a predetermined wind speed. As shown in figure 3 of the drawings, the supporting means 13 preferably comprises of a base 13a, a rotatable mast 13b which is capable of rotating at 360 degrees with respect to the base 13a when subjected to various wind loads and a horizontal shaft 13c secured to the mast 13b. The base 13a is preferably provided with a detachable mechanism (not shown) to facilitate the transportability and repositioning of the turbine machine 10 in various locations where the desired wind loads can be attained.
Referring now to figures 1, 4, 6 and 7, each of the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12, respectively, comprises of hollow circular frames 11a, 12a, a common coaxial central hubs "H" and a plurality of spokes "S" extending between frames 11a, 12a and the central hub "H". The central hubs "H" has a horizontal axis defined by the bore "O". The horizontal shaft 13c of the rotatable mast 13b extends through the coaxial central hubs "H" through the bore "O" and rotatably supported by means of a pair of bearings 13d and 13d' provided on the hubs "H" to allow and efficiently enable the counter rotation of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 and their simultaneous rotations relative to the base 13a when the corresponding wind loads are applied thereon.
As further shown in the drawings, the frames 11a, 12a respectively, are formed by a top walls lib, 12b, an adjoining bottom walls 11c, 12c extending from the top walls lib, 12b and an inner side wall perimeter lid, 12d formed between the top walls lib, 12b and bottom walls 11c, 12c. The inner side wall perimeter of one of the rotors is provided with spaced apart grooves on the surface thereof. In accordance with the present invention, inner side wall perimeter lid of the front rotor 11 is provided with spaced apart grooves 16 on the surface thereof. And the frames 11a, 12aa are further provided with holes lie, 12e on the respective top and bottom walls thereof to accommodate the spokes "S" from the hubs "H" and extend through the respective top and bottom walls of the rotors for the purpose of installing the front blades 14 and rear blades 15 and to rigidify the structure of the rotors, among others.
In accordance with the present invention, a generator means "G" is provided between the counter rotatable front and rear rotors 11, 12, more particularly between the opposed inner facing side wall perimeters lid and 12d of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12, respectively. The generator means "G" includes a plurality of spaced apart magnets 17 secured on grooves 16 provided on the inner side wall perimeter lid of front rotor 11 and a plurality of corresponding coils 18 provided on the inner side wall perimeter 12d of the opposing rotor 12.
As further shown in figures 6 and 7, the coils 18 are disposed facing magnets 17 such that the counter rotation of the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 as the corresponding first and second wind loads are applied thereto will generate electrical power. The electrical power that is harnessed and captured by the generator means "G" that is a result of the counter rotating front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 as initiated by the variable wind loads captured by the front blades 14 and rear blades 15 is transferred from the generator's coil to a conventional slip ring. It must also be appreciated for one skilled in the art that power is immediately generated when the one of the rotors rotate and the other rotor remains stationary.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the disposition of the magnets 17 and coils 18 may also be interchanged, for instance, the magnets 17 may be provided on the rear rotor 12 and the coils 18 on the front rotor 11. In this alternative embodiment, the grooves 16 are now provided on the inner side wall perimeter 12d of the rear rotor 12 to accommodate the magnets 17.
Again, in accordance with the present invention, the front rotor 11 is configured to rotate at a low wind speed and the rear rotor 12 is configured to counter rotate at a predetermined wind speed. When the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 counter rotates with respect to each other, the coefficient of performance of both the front and rear rotors overlaps with each other to generate power at optimum level that is more powerful than conventional turbines. Conventional turbines generally have single and fix coefficients. Furthermore, providing and disposing the turbine generator means "G" on the opposing inner side wall perimeters lid and 12d of the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12, respectively, greatly enhances the aerodynamic properties of the wind turbine machine 10 such as, focusing the wind to enter the rotor thus allowing the power to be efficiently captured. The front rotor has wind inlet shroud mechanism to focus the wind coupled directly to the front rotor. The rear rotor has d iff user mechanism coupled to the rear rotor. Combination of such mechanism allows the wind turbine to funnel and diffuse the wind while in counter rotation or even in single rotation of rotor, making the power extraction efficient.
The present invention for the wind turbine also dispenses with the use of a gear box assembly, which is often used in conventional wind turbines. Eliminating the use of a gearbox significantly improves the start up wind speed and thus allowing the front rotor 11 to rotate from a low wind speed. Both of the front rotor 11 and rear rotors 12 are configured to counter rotate correspondingly to any given first and second wind loads. Preferably, the first wind load is a low wind speed and the second wind load is a predetermined wind speed. In the present invention, the front rotor 11 is configured to rotate at low wind speed while the rear rotor 12 is configured to counter rotate at the predetermined wind speed. The rotor, can also be designed in a manner that the front will rotate at predetermined wind speed, while the rear rotor rotates at low wind speed. The a plurality of front blades 14 and rear blades 15 are rotatably secured correspondingly to the front rotor 11 and rear rotor 12 to capture the wind energy to be converted to mechanical and generate electrical energy.
Referring now to figures 6, 7 and 8, the present invention of a wind turbine machine 10 further comprises of a blade pitching means "P" configured to operate on the front rotor 11, rear rotor 12 and the corresponding front blade 14 and rear blade 15 to control the speed of rotation of front and rear rotors 11 and 12. The blade pitching means "P" or automatic blade pitch mechanism uses air pressure triggered by centrifugal force to pitch the counter rotating front blades 14 and rear blades 15. The purpose of the blade pitching means "P" is to prevent over speed rotation of the either front and rear rotors 11 and 12 during high wind speed while allowing power extraction during low wind speed. It is designed and constructed to pitch the front blades 14 and rear blades 15 without requiring motors or other power sources, and instead uses automatic blade pitch mechanism uses air pressure triggered by centrifugal force to pitch the counter rotating front blades 14 and rear blades 15. The purpose of the blade pitching means "P" is to prevent over speed rotation of the either front and rear rotors 11 and 12 during high wind speed while allowing power extraction during low wind speed. It is designed and constructed to pitch the front blades 14 and rear blades 15 without requiring motors or other power sources, and instead uses the centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of the rotors caused by the wind speed to trigger the pitching of the blades. When the rotor 15 and 16 rotate to a predetermined wind speed above the optimum wind speed, the tendency is for the body to move away from the center forming a centrifugal force which acts on the body.
Referring again to figures 6, 7 and 8, the blade pitching means "P" comprises a control means "C" defined by interconnected movable elements engagely configured about the spokes "S" and the counter rotatable front and rear blades 14, 15 to allow each of blades to pitch its angle during the harnessing of wind power from the rotation thereof. The spokes "S" are fixedly secured between the hubs "H" and the walls of the rotors 11 and 12. The control means "C" is provided within the frames 11a, 12a and is operabiy configured on the front and rear blades 14, 15. The control means "C" is adapted to prevent unwanted movement of the blade pitch until it reaches the predetermined wind velocity with respect to the rotational revolution. More particularly, the control means "C" includes a base 19 having adjoining horizontal member 19a and vertical member 19b, an actuating means 20 supported on the base 19 and a retractable means 21 provided on the vertical member 19b of base 19. The retractable means 21 is preferably a spring actuated retractable arm 22 and or spring actuated cylinder and operabiy connected to the actuating means 20.
More particularly, the actuating means 20 as further shown in figure 8 includes a pair of engageable gears 23 defined by an upper horizontal gear 23a and lower horizontal gear 23b having a coaxial bore 23c and an engageable vertical gear 24 both correspondingly supported on the base 19. member 19b of the base 19. In this configuration the retractable arm 22 can be made to pivot in a resting position 27a to a retracted position 27b as shown in figure 4. Hence, the retractable arm 22 as shown in figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 are all in retracted position 27b. The movement of the retractable arms 22 from a resting position 27a to a retracted position 27b is due to the centrifugal forces that are developed in the area where the control means "C" is disposed. Thus, when gush of strong wind above the required wind loads enter the counter rotatable front and rear blades 14, 15, a centrifugal force is developed to actuate and move the retractable arms 22 in an adjusting manner from a resting position 27a to a retracted position 27b and simultaneously allowing the counter rotatable front and rear blades 14, 15 to pitch at various angles in order to prevent damage of the body.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of spaced apart detachable auxiliary blades 28 are provided on the top wall lib, 12b of the front and rear rotors 11, 12. The auxiliary blades 28 are rotatably secured to the front and rear blades 14, 15 and to the control mean "C" of the pitching means "P". As shown in the drawings, each of the front blade 14 and rear blade 15, and auxiliary blades 28 are provided with folds at the edges thereof forming a fluted portion "F" thereon. The front blade 14 and rear blade 15, and auxiliary blades 28 are secured to the spokes "S" by securing the spokes "S" through the fluted portions "F" of the blades 14, 15 and 28. The spokes may be fixed or rotatable between the hub H and the frame to the rotor. Furthermore the spokes maybe disposed randomly in a fixed or random manner between the hub and the frame to the rotor.
Since the spokes "S" may be rotatably or fixed secured to the control means "C" more particularly, the spokes "S" extends though the upper horizontal gear 23a and lower horizontal gear 23b via a coaxial bore 23c provided thereon, the blades 14, 15 and 28 will counter rotate and pitch if necessary when the first and second wind loads in accordance with the present invention is introduced.
Still, in another embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 9, a deflector 29 is provided on rotors along the horizontal axis of said hub "H" to deflect the various wind loads entering the front and rear blades. In this way, uniform wind loads will only introduced to the rotors. And to further protect the generator means "G", peripheral protective cover 30 is provided on the space formed between the inner side wall perimeters lid and 12d of the rotors 11 and 12, respectively.
In another embodiment of the present invention as shown in figure 10, a blade pitching means PI is provided and comprises of an inflatable front blades and rear blades 31 rotatably secured to the spokes "S" and a control means CI operably configured to the inflatable blades 31. The control means CI is a closed pneumatic system which includes a cylinder 32 provided within the frame 11a and lib of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12, an actuating means 33 provided within the cylinder 32 and a tube 34 interconnecting the cylinder 32 to the inflatable front and rear blades 31. As shown in the drawings, the tube 34 extends from a orifice 31a on the wall of the blades passing through a orifice 32a on the cylinder 32 up the top of the actuating means 33. Preferably, actuating means in the present invention is a retractable spring element 35 having a top surface 35a and is provided within the cylinder 32.
Referring now to figure 11a and lib, the top surface 35sa of the spring element 35 is operably connected to the tube 34 such that when centrifugal force "F" is applied the spring element 35 will move upwards from a retracted position V along the inner walls of the cylinder 32 (as shown in figure lib) to a stretched position (figure 11a) to allow the pitching of the blades 31 at various angles 3 by deflating the air inside the blades 31. In another embodiment of the present invention, the single tube 34 may be interconnected to all or any desired number of inflated blades 31 provided in the rotor
The blades are preferably made of rigid inflatable materials to allow the blades to be weightless for easy installation. The blades are installed by initially putting the blades structure deflated (without air inside the blade), the blades will be inflated so that the blades will be structured to capture power from the wind.
More particularly, the cylinder 32 of herein closed pneumatic system originally has no air inside and the spring element 35 gives the cylinder 32 ability to pitch the blades 31 to capture power from low wind speed condition. When the rotor starts to rotate, the centrifugal force initiates, and the tendency of the cylinder 32 is to move away from the center of the machine. Thus, the cylinder 32 moves away making the air enter through the orifice 31a and 32a of the cylinder 32 from the inflated blades 31 and thus making the blades pitch its angle in blade 31' position since the air goes to the cylinder 32 via the upward movement of the spring element 35 as pushed by the air coming from the blades 31 as shown in figure 11a. At this pitching position the blades begin to deflate. When the rotations slows, the spring element 35 inside the cylinder retracts making the air push from the cylinder 32 back to the holes to the blades 31 passing from orifice 32a and 31a and making the blades restructure to its original position as shown in figure lib. Both the pitching means "P" and "PI" can also be combined and installed together within the frames 11a and 12a of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 as shown in figure 10. We have a method of installation for blades structure using inflatable rigid materials on the rotor, where initially the blades are deflated when installed and inflated to form as a blades comprising the steps of: installing the deflated blade materials to the portion of the rotor; connecting an air pump to said deflate blade materials; inflating said blade materials inflated blades; removing the air pump from the inflated blades and installing said inflated blades to a pitching pneumatic means. This pitching pneumatic means are referred to the same means described in PI.
In operation, low speed wind load is introduce to the front rotor 11 and the predetermined wind load to the rear rotor 12 to induce the counter rotation of the rotors and produce electrical power. The front and rear rotors 11 and 12 will capture power from the wind. When the wind initially passes to the front rotor 11 by means of blades 14, the front rotor 11 will capture power from the wind. And when the wind passes to the rear rotor 12 via blades 15, the rear rotor 12 will capture the remaining power from the wind. Thus, the total power that is captured from the wind using the blade and rotor configuration of the present invention is more efficient. The Betz limit states that the ideal power that can be captured in the wind is 59.3%. Based on this, the blades can be designed to capture the power from the Betz limit in order to prevent turbulence. When the wind is low, the front rotor 11 via blades 14 will rotate producing power from the low wind speed. On the other hand, the rear rotor 12 via blades 15 counter rotates to a predetermined wind speed that can be set according with the present invention. Each of the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 have different coefficients of performance and when the rotors counter rotate optimal power from the wind is efficiently captured.
In case of wind loads are introduced above the required wind loads, the blade pitching means will operates on both low wind speed and high wind speed conditions as herein described below.
1. For low wind speed condition
The counter rotatable front and rear blades 14 and 15 will captures wind power even at low wind speed and feathers during high wind speed. During low wind speed, the high pressure of air inside the control means "C" will automatically make the blades pitch its angle to harness wind power as previously described. The spring 21 prevents a centrifugal mass in the front and rear rotors 11 and 12 to cause unwanted movement of blade pitch until it reaches to the predetermined wind velocity (during high wind speed) with respect to the rotational revolution.
2. For high wind speed
When the centrifugal force is present and activates the blade pitch mechanism, it decreases the pressure from air. When the wind speed increases, the blades 14 and 15 will keep adjusting its position (forward and backward) via the control means "C" as previously described. The pitch of the blades will protect the wind turbine from over speed rotation and the maximum speed (rpm) of the rotors 11 and 12 can be set and designed to be able to operate even at extreme wind speed revolutions. This can be easily attained by the control means "C".
Moreover, as shown in figure 1, the inner diameter of each rotor 11 and 12 gradually increases to their respective outer diameters which generally form a shroud portion llf and 12f to efficiently capture wind power. The front rotor as a inlet and rear rotor as diffuser. Additional advantages and modifications of the present invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art in view of these teachings. The present invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details, representative contrivances, and illustrative examples shown and described herein. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the general concept as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A wind turbine machine comprising:
a supporting means;
a pair of spaced apart counter rotatable front and rear rotors being rotatably supported on said supporting means, said front and rear rotors being adapted to counter rotate correspondingly to a first and second wind loads;
a plurality of spaced apart front and rear blades being rotatably secured correspondingly within said front and rear rotors;
a generator means being provided between of said front and rear rotors; and
a blade pitching means being configured to operate on said front and rear rotors and said blades to control the speed of rotation of said front and rear rotors.
2. A wind turbine machine according to claim 1, wherein each of said rotor comprising a hollow circular frame, a hub and a plurality of spokes extending between said frame and said hub.
3. A wind turbine machine according to claim 1, wherein each of said front and rear blades are secured to said spokes.
4. A wind turbine machine according to claim 3, wherein said frame comprising a top wall, an adjoining bottom wall extending from said top wall and an inner side wall perimeter formed between said top wall and bottom wall.
5. A wind turbine machine according to claim 4, wherein said generator means is provided between the opposed inner facing side perimeter walls of said front and rear rotors.
6. A wind turbine machine according to claim 5, wherein the inner side wall perimeter of one of said rotors is provided with spaced apart grooves on the surface thereof.
7. A wind turbine machine according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein said generator means comprising a plurality of spaced apart magnets secured on said grooves on one of said rotors and a plurality of corresponding coils provided on the inner side wall perimeter of the other opposing rotor and facing said magnets such that the counter rotation of said rotors will generate electrical power.
8. A wind turbine machine according to claim 1, wherein said first wind load is a low wind speed and said second wind load is a predetermined wind speed.
9. A wind turbine machine according to claim 8, wherein said front rotor is configured to rotate at said low wind speed and said rear rotor being configured to counter rotate at said predetermined wind speed, or said rear rotor is configured to rotate at predetermined wind speed and rear rotor being configured to counter rotate at low wind speed condition.
10. A wind turbine machine according to claim 7, wherein power is immediately generated when the one of the rotors rotate and the other rotor remains stationary.
11. A wind turbine machine according to claims 1 or 3, wherein said wherein blade pitching means comprising a control means defined by interconnected movable elements engagely configured with said spokes and said front and rear blades to allow each of said blades to pitch its angle during the harnessing of wind power from the rotation of said blades.
12. A wind turbine machine according to claim 11, wherein said control means is provided within said frame and operably configured on the front and rear blades, said control means being adapted to prevent unwanted movement of the blade pitch until it reaches the predetermined wind velocity with respect to the rotational revolution.
13. A wind turbine machine according to claim 12, wherein said control means comprising a base having adjoining horizontal and vertical members, an actuating means supported on said base and a retractable means provided on said vertical member of said base and operably connected to said actuating means.
14. A wind turbine machine according to claim 13, wherein said actuating means comprising a pair of engageable gears defined by an upper and lower horizontal gear and a vertical gear correspondingly supported on said base, an intermediary gear engagebly connected to said lower horizontal gear and front and rear blades and said retractable means.
15. A wind turbine machine according to claim 14, wherein said retractable means comprising a spring actuated retractable arm connected to said vertical bevel gear and disposed on the opposite side of the vertical member of said base.
16. A wind turbine machine according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of detachable auxiliary blades provided on the top wall of said rotors, said auxiliary blades being rotatably secured with said front and rear blades.
17. A wind turbine machine according to claims 1 or 16, further detachable auxiliary blades being rotatably secured to said pitching means.
18. A wind turbine machine according to claim 1, wherein a deflector is provided on along the horizontal axis of said hub to deflect the wind loads entering the front and rear blades.
19. A wind turbine machine according to claims 1 or 3, wherein said blade pitching means comprising inflatable front and rear blades rotatably secured to said spokes and a control means being operably configured to said inflatable blades.
20. A wind turbine machine according to claim 19, wherein said control means is a closed pneumatic system comprising a cylinder provided within said frame, an actuating means being provided within said cylinder and a tube interconnecting said cylinder to said inflatable front and rear blades and extending within said cylinder.
21. A wind turbine machine according to claim 20, wherein said actuating means is a retractable spring element having a top surface and provided within said cylinder, said top surface being operably connected to said tube such that when centrifugal force is applied the spring element will move upward along the inner walls of said cylinder to allow the pitching of the blades by deflating the blades.
22. A wind turbine machine according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of each front and rear rotors gradually increases to their respective outer diameters to form a shroud portion to efficiently capture wind power.
23. A method of installation for blades structure using inflatable rigid materials on the rotor, where initially the blades are deflated when installed and inflated to form as a blades comprising the steps of:
installing the deflated blade materials to the portion of the rotor;
connecting an air pump to said deflate blade materials;
inflating said blade materials inflated blades;
removing the air pump from the inflated blades;
installing said inflated blades to a pitching pneumatic means.
24. A method of installation for blades structure according claim 23, wherein said pitching pneumatic means comprising a cylinder provided within said frame, an actuating means being provided within said cylinder and a tube interconnecting said cylinder to said inflatable front and rear blades and extending within said cylinder.
25. A method of installation for blades structure according claim 24, wherein said actuating means is a retractable spring element having a top surface and provided within said cylinder, said top surface being operably connected to said tube such that when centrifugal force is applied the spring element will move upward along the inner walls of said cylinder to allow the pitching of the blades by deflating the blades.
PCT/PH2014/000017 2013-10-10 2014-09-17 Counter rotating wind turbine generator in the perimeter WO2015053640A2 (en)

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CN110809672A (en) * 2017-07-07 2020-02-18 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 Determining a wind speed value
CN110809672B (en) * 2017-07-07 2021-07-23 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 Determining a wind speed value

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