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  • C09B11/10—Amino derivatives of triarylmethanes
  • C09B11/24—Phthaleins containing amino groups ; Phthalanes; Fluoranes; Phthalides; Rhodamine dyes; Phthaleins having heterocyclic aryl rings; Lactone or lactame forms of triarylmethane dyes
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  • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
  • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
  • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
  • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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• • G—PHYSICS
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  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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  • G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
• • G—PHYSICS
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  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/84—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving inorganic compounds or pH
• • G—PHYSICS
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  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
  • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
  • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
  • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
  • G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks

Definitions

• the invention discloses a novel ligand (L x ) of Formula-I with high selectivity to Cr (III) and a process for the preparation thereof. Particularly, the invention further discloses a method of determining Cr (III) in fluids, where the ligand should have solubility in aqueous medium with the aid of non- ionic surfactant.
• Receptor 1 There are only few examples of receptors available in the literature, which binds exclusively to Cr (III) in an ensemble of several other competing metal ions.
• the Receptor 1 was reported by Li et. al, Chem. commun, 2008, 3387. It is a FRET based chemo sensor for detection of Cr(lll) in ethanol/water (2/1 , v/v) medium and it can be used as an imaging agent in HeLa cell.
• Li et al also reported another Ferrocene Based Receptor 2 (Org. lett, 2008, 2557) for selective detection of Cr(lll) in ethanol/water (1 /1 , v/v) with an association constant of 7.5 x 10 3 M "1 .
• Receptors 3 (Anal. Methods, 2012, 3163; receptor is effective in acetonitrile/water (9/1 , v/v)) and 4 (Anal. Methods, 2012, 2254; receptor is effective in methanol/water (9/1 , v/v)) were developed by D. Das and his co-workers and both reagents showed high selectivity towards Cr(lll) in predominantly organic medium.
• Receptor 5 is a BODIPY based Cr(lll) sensors synthesised by D. Wang et al. (Tetrahedron Letters, 2010, 51, 2545). It can detect Cr(lll) selectively in acetonitrile with binding stoichiometry of 2:2.
• Hassan SS et al. in Analytical Sciences (Impact Factor: 1.57). 07/2005; 21(6):673-8 discloses use of a rhodamine-B chromate ion-associate complex as an electroactive material in a polyvinyl chloride) membrane plasticized with o-nitrophenyloctyl ether as a solvent mediator. It is to be noted that the oxidation state for Chromium in chromate is (VI). They reported a Potentiometric Rhodamine B based Membrane Sensor for selective determination of Chromium ions [Cr(VI ) & Cr(III)] in waste water. Firstly it can't detect Cr(III) directly.
• Main objective of the present invention is to provide a novel ligand that could selectively detects Cr (III) in aqueous medium as well as in physiological pH (7.2).
• Another objective of the invention is to develop a methodology for solubilizing the reagent in pure aqueous medium in presence of non-ionic surfactant like Titron X 100.
• the present invention provides novel ligands of Formula I (Lx) for detection of Chromium in pure aqueous medium
• R, and R 2 are same or different and individually selected from the group consisting of H, linear or branched (C1 -C6) alkyl, aryl or dansyl; R3 is same selected from group H, methyl; R4 is selected from H, (C1 -C6) alkyl;
• R1 may form saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic (C4-C6) ring with R3 and similarly R2 may form saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic (C4-C6) ring with R4; and( ) line is optionally represents single bond.
• the ligand of formula-l encompasses the compounds selected from the group consisting of;
• step (b) refluxing the amino ethylene rhodamine derivative of step (a) in the presence of (A- Br) alliphatic bromide, triethyl amine and dry CHCl 3 under inert conditions to obtain Ligand (L x ) of Formula-I.
• R 2 are same or different and individually selected from the group consisting of H, linear or branched (C1 -C6) alkyl, aryl or dansyl; R3 is same selected from group H, methyl; wherein, R1 may form saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic (C4-C6) ring with R3.
• the organic solvent is polar organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol, water, butanol and mixtures thereof.
• the alliphatic bromide (A-Br) is alkene bromide selected from the group consisting of allyl bromide, 3-bromoprop-1 -ene or alkyl bromide selected from the group consisting of propyl bromide, 1 -bromopropane.
• a preparing a solution of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer (Tris buffer )and Polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether (Triton X 100) at pH 7.2; b. preparing a stock solution of ligands of Formula-I in a water miscible solvent in concentration ranges from 6.0 to 8.0 x 10 '4 M; c. mixing solution of step (b ) with the solution of step (a) to solubilize ligand of formula I; d. preparing Chromium ( III) metal stock solution using water; e. adding metal solution gradually to the solution of step (c ) and; f. recording spectrum in a UV or fluorescence spectrometer.
• the water miscible solvent is selected from acetonitrile, Methanol, DMSO, Ethanol, THF, DMF and mixtures thereof.
• kits for selective detection of Cr (III) using novel ligands of Formula-I comprising a) Ligand L, stock solution (6.9 x 10 '4 M) in acetonitrile;
• Figure 1 depicts 1 H NMR Spectra of ligand L
• FIG. 1 depicts 13 C NMR of L
• FIG. 5 Benesi-Hildebrand (B-H ) plots of emission spectral titration. All studies were performed in aq . solution of 0.4 mM Triton X- 100 and Tris buffer (5 mM, 25 mM NaCl; pH 7.2).
• Figure 7 depicts UV Titration of Ligand L, (1.59 x 10 "5 M) upon addition of aqueous Cr (III ) solutton in (0.4) mM Triton X 100 in Tris buffer having solution pH 7.2
• Figure 8 depicts Flow Chart for detection procedure from a kit
• Figure 9 depicts Changes in (A) absorption and (B) emission spectra ( ⁇ of 530 nm) of the receptor ( 1 .59 x10 "5 M) in absence and presence of different metal ions (M n+ : 1 .62 x 10 " M: Li ⁇ Na + , K ⁇ Cs + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2* , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Cr 3* , Fe 2+ , Co 3+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2* , Zn 2+ , Hg 2+ , Cd 2* and Pb 2+ ); All studies were performed in aq. solution of 0.4 mM TX100 and Tris buffer (5 mM, 25 mM NaCl; pH 7.2).
• Figure 10 depicts Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) titration profile for the binding of Cr 3+ to receptor at 25 ° C in acetonitrile; Top plot: raw data for the sequential 2 ⁇ injection of Cr 3* (1 .2 x 10 3 M) into solution of (2.0 x 10 "4 M) and bottom plot of the heat evolved (kcal per mole) of Cr 3+ added.
• ITC Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
• Fig. 1 1 Plot of (l-IO) vs. [Cr3+], where I0 and I are emission intensities at 583nm of receptor L1 in the absence and presence of known [Cr3+] as well in tap water spiked with a known amount of Cr3+.
• the present invention discloses a novel ligand for selective detection of Cr (III ) in aqueous medium.
• the novel ligand (L x ) of Formula I is as disclosed herein:
• R 2 are same or different and individually selected from the group consisting of H, linear or branched (C1 -C6) alkyl, aryl or dansyl; R3 is same selected from group H, methyl; R4 is selected from H, (C1 -C6) alkyl; where, R1 may form saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic (C4-C6) ring with R3 and similarly R2 may form saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic (C4-C6) ring with R4; and ( ) line is optionally represents single bond.
• the invention provides the library of compounds of Formula-I.
• novel ligand (Lx) of Formula-I encompasses the compounds selected from the group consisting of;
• the invention provides a process of preparation of novel ligands of Formula I (Lx) comprising steps of: a. refluxing ethylene diamine and rhodamine B derivatives (II) in an organic solvent, to obtain the corresponding amino ethylene rhodamine derivative (III) and;
• the organic solvent is polar organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethanol, water, butanol and mixtures thereof.
• the alliphatic bromide (A-Br) is preferably alkene or alkyl bromide such as, allyl bromide, propyl bromide, 1 -bromopropane, 3-bromoprop-1 -ene.
• the said process is time saving due to fewer steps and industrially feasible.
• the invention provides a process of preparation of novel ligands (Li) and (L 2 ) comprising steps of:
• the Intermediate compound L was synthesized following a literature procedure, (A. Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 3013-3016). Methodologies that were adopted for synthesis of the receptor l ⁇ and the model compound L 2 are presented in the scheme 2. Desired compound L, and L 2 were isolated in pure form after necessary workup and were thoroughly characterized by various analytical/spectroscopic techniques.
• the invention discloses a process for solubilisation of ligand Li in an aqueous medium employing non ionic surfactant, preferably Polyethylene glycol terr-octylphenyl ether (Triton X 100).
• non ionic surfactant preferably Polyethylene glycol terr-octylphenyl ether (Triton X 100).
• Ligand Li dissolved in pure aqueous medium with the aid of Triton X 100, is selective/specific for Cr (III ) and excludes similar metals selected from alkali, alkaline earth metals and all common transition metals.
• the alkali, alkaline earth metals and transition metals are selected from, but not limited to Li, Na, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, Fe, Pb, Hg and such like.
• the invention discloses the process of selective detection of Cr (III) by a process of fluorimetry comprising:
• a preparing a solution of Tris (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer )buffer and Triton X 100 at pH 7.2; b. preparing a stock solution Ligand L in a water miscible solvent; add required volume of Ligand stock solution to make desired Ligand L, concentration; c. mixing Ligand solution of step (b) with the solution of step (a); d. preparing metal stock solution using water; e. adding metal solution gradually to the solution of step (c) and; f. recording spectrum in a UV or fluorescence spectrometer.
• the water miscible solvent is selected from acetonitrile, Methanol, DMSO, Ethanol, THF, DMF and mixtures thereof.
• a stock solution of the receptor /ligand L was prepared in acetonitrile medium with concentration ranges from 6.0 to 8.0 x 10 '4 M, preferably (6.9 x 10 '4 M);and the final concentration of metal salts is in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 x 10 "4 M, preferably 1.62 x 10 '4 M.
• the UV-vis spectrum for the ligand L-t may be carried out from for the range 250-800 nm and a A max of 562 nm is observed.
• the luminescence studies were carried out using an excitation wavelength of 530 nm and emission spectrum was monitored from 540 to 800 nm, with slit width of 2/2 nm; while a spectrum with A max of 583 nm is observed.
• kits for selective detection of Cr (III) comprises:
• the invention provides a method of separation Cr (III ) selectively from a sample comprising other metals, or other ingredients employing the ligand of Formula I described herein. It is possible to extract Cr (III ) from aqueous solution when the concentration of Cr (III) either equal to or higher than 8.0 x 10 4 M.
• dichloromethane CH 2 Cl 2
• Rhodamine B Ethylenediamine, 3-bromoprop-1 -ene, 1 -bromopropane, all metal perchlorate salts (e.g LiCl0 4 , NaCl0 4 , KC10 4 , CsCl0 4 , Mg(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Ca(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Ba(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Sr(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Cu(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Zn(Cl0 4 ) 2) Co(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Ni(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Cr(Cl0 4 ) 3 , Fe(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Cd(Cl0 4 ) 2 , Hg(Cl0 4 ) 2 , and Pb(Cl0 4 ) 2 ) and lanthanide ions as nitrate salts were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and were used as received.
• the binding affinity towards Cr 3+ is also evaluated from linear fit B-H plot for 1 :1 stoichiometry and is found to be 2.83x 10 3 M "1 .
• the 1 : 1 binding stoichiometry is further confirmed from Jobs plot and presence of signal for m/z at at 616.87 (Calc 616.75) in FAB-MS analysis of a mixture of U (1.59 x 10-5 M) and (9.5 x 10 "5 M) Cr(Cl0 4 ) 3 for [L, + Cr 3t ].
• the effective final concentrations of all metal salts were maintained at 1.62 x 10 '4 M.
• a stock solution of the receptor L, (6.9 x 10 '4 M) was prepared in acetonitrile medium and 57 gL of this stock solution was added to 2.5 ml of 0.4 mM TX100 in Tris-HCl aqueous buffer medium having solution pH 7.2 to make the effective ligand concentration of 1.59 x 10 "5 M.
• the solution was used for all the photophysical studies.
• Cr 3+ stock solution (4.75 x 10 "3 M) was prepared in pure aqueous medium and was used for all studies.
• ⁇ ⁇ t>f' (lsampte/lstd)(A s td/A sam p le )( ⁇ Sampled Std) ...Eq. 1
• ⁇ was the absolute quantum yield for the rhodamine B and was used as reference
• l sa mpie and l sld are the integrated emission intensities
• ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 6 and A s:d are the absorbances at the excitation wavelength
• rumple and n st d are the respective refractive indices.
• the geometry of the compounds of Formula-I with chromium ion was examined by using known theories.
• the optimized geometry shows that the Cr 3+ ion is coordinated with two nitrogen atoms, one oxygen atom, two olefinic ⁇ -bonds and a water molecule.
• Amino ethyl rhodamine B is prepared according to literature (J.-H. Soh, K. M. K. Swamy, S. K. Kim, S. Kim, S. -H. Lee, J. Yoon, Tetrahedron Lett. , 2007, 48, 5966).
• Rhodamine B (1 .0 g, 2.26 mmol) is dissolved in 30 mL of ethanol. It is then heated to 70°C with constant starring. Then ethylene diamine (3 mL) is added to the reaction medium. It is then allowed to reflux at 75°C for 12 hour. The solvent is removed under vacuum and is dissolved in diluted HCl. Then to this resulting solution, NaOH solution was added in a drop-wise manner until precipitation is complete. The resulting solution mixture is then filtered, washed with water and is further dried to achieve the desired compound, amino ethyl rhodamine derivative as light red colour solid.
• probe L1 was applied to detect Cr3+ in tap water. No Cr3+ was obtained in tap water samples. Water samples were collected and pH was adjusted to 7.2 using Tris buffer(10mM, 25mM NaCl), spiked with known (10 ⁇ and 20 ⁇ ) concentration of Cr3+ and emission spectra was recorded. The result was summarised in Table 1. Table 1 : Determination of Cr 3+ in tap water.
• the ligand can also be used as a colorimetric as well as fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of Cr(l ll) in aqueous solutions.
• Triton X 100 to create micro-micellar environment that makes the ligand soluble in water or tri buffer medium having pH 7.2 cell membrane permeable in addition to maximizing the sensing efficiency.

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