WO2015048927A1 - 不可听信号的听诊方法及装置 - Google Patents

不可听信号的听诊方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015048927A1
WO2015048927A1 PCT/CN2014/086085 CN2014086085W WO2015048927A1 WO 2015048927 A1 WO2015048927 A1 WO 2015048927A1 CN 2014086085 W CN2014086085 W CN 2014086085W WO 2015048927 A1 WO2015048927 A1 WO 2015048927A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
audio
inaudible
auscultation
waveform
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PCT/CN2014/086085
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴伟
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吴伟
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Application filed by 吴伟 filed Critical 吴伟
Priority to NZ719327A priority Critical patent/NZ719327A/en
Priority to US15/021,688 priority patent/US10289377B2/en
Priority to GB1604161.8A priority patent/GB2533248B/en
Priority to AU2014331433A priority patent/AU2014331433B2/en
Priority to CA2926252A priority patent/CA2926252C/en
Publication of WO2015048927A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015048927A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/165—Management of the audio stream, e.g. setting of volume, audio stream path
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
    • A61B7/02—Stethoscopes
    • A61B7/04—Electric stethoscopes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
    • G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
    • G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
    • H03M1/001—Analogue/digital/analogue conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/46—Special adaptations for use as contact microphones, e.g. on musical instrument, on stethoscope

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a signal auscultation method and apparatus, and more particularly to an auscultation method and apparatus for an inaudible signal.
  • Auditory-based recognition of sound is one of the oldest methods of signal recognition in humans and is still widely used in many fields. Medical diagnosis by listening to the sound of the human heart and lungs with a stethoscope is an application example. This method of auscultation of sound has the advantage of being simple and easy. Therefore, many research organizations and individuals are dedicated to the research and development of stethoscope materials.
  • Chinese utility model 2009200623488 “Active Noise Reduction Electronic Stethoscope” can actively eliminate the noise interference of the external environment, improve the accuracy of the stethoscope and the effect of auscultation; for example, Chinese invention patent application 2011101883094 "A Wireless Stethoscope” enables remote auscultation of sound signals through wireless signal transmitting and receiving devices. In all of these studies, the source of the signal is limited to the audible range of audio, that is, the source of the signal is felt by the human ear through the vibration. Sound signal in the frequency range of 20Hz-20KHz.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the application limitations of the prior art signal auscultation method and apparatus, and to provide a method and device for auscultating an inaudible signal, which can map an inaudible signal to an audible range to form an audible signal, thereby
  • the auscultation recognition of sound extends to inaudible signals, expanding the 'vision' of human understanding of nature.
  • the existing voice auscultation can be divided into direct auscultation and indirect auscultation.
  • Direct auscultation means listening to sound signals directly or through simple mechanical devices (such as medical stethoscopes); indirect auscultation means collecting sound signals at a certain sampling frequency and converting the sound signals into electrical signals or digital signals; The electrical signal or the digital signal is processed; then the electrical signal or the digital signal is passed through the audio playback device to be restored to the sound at the same rate as the sound signal sampling frequency. Either way, you must make sure 1.
  • the amplitude of the sound and the sound signal are the same as the waveform of the sound; 2.
  • the sound heard and the sound signal travel at the same speed.
  • the auscultation method and device for the inaudible signal of the present invention the working principle is that an inaudible signal A Its waveform changes contain a wealth of information, but its speed is too fast or too slow (non-audio signal), beyond the range that the human ear can feel, so it can not be heard. If there is another audible signal B, its waveform and signal A It is exactly the same, and its traveling speed just falls within the range that the human ear can feel (audio signal), then the signal A can be realized by listening to the signal B. Auscultation of waveforms.
  • the auscultation method and apparatus for the inaudible signal of the present invention realizes the signal from the inaudible signal A to the audible signal B by extracting the waveform of the signal A and then constructing the signal B with the traveling speed of the audio signal.
  • the mapping of the signal B can be achieved by playing the mapped signal B through the audio playback device.
  • An auscultation method for an inaudible signal characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the signal data including audible or inaudible signal data
  • the signal waveform is played through the audio playback device at the playback rate for auscultation, or the playback rate is combined with the signal waveform to form an audio signal, and the audio signal is played by the audio player for auscultation.
  • the signal waveform is normalized, and the determination of the maximum value and the minimum value of the signal amplitude in the normalization process may be referred to the signal itself, or may be referred to other signals, or may be directly set.
  • the auscultation method for the inaudible signal is characterized in that the playback rate capable of causing the signal waveform to sound through the audio playback device can directly select an arbitrary value within an audio range, or can check the sound output of the audio playback device. Come to choose.
  • the audio signal is stored in the form of an electronic file.
  • the auscultation method of the inaudible signal is characterized in that the signal playing rate of the audio playing device is independent of the signal sampling frequency of the auscultation signal; and the signal data may include one or more signal waveforms.
  • an auscultation device for an inaudible signal is proposed:
  • An auscultation device for inaudible signals comprising a signal data acquisition unit 1, a signal processing unit 2 and an audio playback device 3
  • the data acquired by the data acquisition unit 1 is processed by the signal processing unit 2 and played by the audio playback device 3; the signal processing unit 2 is obtained from the signal data acquisition unit 1
  • the signal data is acquired and the signal waveform is extracted therefrom and is matched with a playback rate at which the signal waveform can be made to sound through the audio playback device 3, said playback rate being independent of the sampling frequency of the signal.
  • the auscultation device for the inaudible signal characterized in that the signal processing unit 2
  • the amplitude of the signal waveform can also be normalized.
  • the determination of the maximum and minimum values of the signal amplitude in the normalization process can be referred to the signal itself, or can be referred to other signals, or can be directly set.
  • the auscultation device for the inaudible signal characterized in that the signal processing unit 2
  • the signal waveform can be extracted from the signal data and matched with any playback rate that can be made to sound through the audio playback device, constitute an audio signal, and stored as a file.
  • the auscultation device for the inaudible signal characterized in that the signal processing unit 2 A plurality of signal waveforms may be extracted from a plurality of or a group of signal data and matched with any playback rate that allows it to sound through the audio playback device to constitute a multi-channel audio signal and stored in a file format.
  • the auscultation device for the inaudible signal characterized in that the audio playback device 3 includes a D/A digital-to-analog conversion unit, and changes The D/A conversion rate can change the playback rate of the audio playback device 3; it includes an electric/audio conversion unit that will D/A
  • the converted electrical signal is converted into a sound signal; an audio signal checking unit may also be included to detect the intensity of the audible sound.
  • the auscultation device for the inaudible signal characterized in that the signal processing unit 2 And extracting a signal waveform from the signal data and determining a playback rate such that the signal waveform can be played through the audio playback device, and the signal waveform is matched with a signal sampling frequency equal to the playback rate to form a non-audio signal. .
  • the amplitude of the signal waveform can be normalized according to the following normalization formula (1), or other normalized formulas that normalize the signal amplitude to meet the audio player's playback requirements:
  • X is the signal waveform before normalization
  • Y is the normalized signal waveform
  • Xmin is the minimum value of X
  • Max is the maximum value of the signal
  • Min is the minimum value of the signal
  • K is the normalized amplitude of the signal change, usually equal to the amplitude of the input signal specified by the audio playback device.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a structural view of each embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a signal diagram of a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Signal data acquisition unit 1 Signal processing unit 2 Audio playback device 3 A/D conversion unit 11 USB Interface unit 12 I/O network interface unit 13 CPU arithmetic unit 21 Memory memory unit 22 D/A conversion unit 31 Electrical/audio conversion unit 32 Monitor Audio Signal Check Unit 33
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of auscultation of an inaudible signal of the present invention.
  • the auscultation method of the inaudible signal of the present invention comprises the following steps :
  • the signal data may be audible or inaudible signal data, and may include one or more signal waveforms; the playback rate capable of causing the signal waveform to sound through the audio playback device, and optionally an audio range
  • the internal frequency is determined either by checking the sound output of the audio playback device.
  • the data acquisition unit 1 can contain sensors, A/D
  • the converter and the sampling control circuit collect and convert the inaudible signal into an electrical signal or a digital signal; and may also include various data interfaces, such as file or data reading devices, directly reading third party instruments or devices to the inaudible signal Measurement result; for example, the network interface directly receives the signal data transmitted remotely;
  • the data processing unit 2 comprising a data operation unit and a data registration unit, capable of receiving signal data from the data acquisition unit 1 and extracting a signal waveform therefrom, and capable of normalizing the input signal amplitude into subsequent audio playback devices 3
  • the audio playback device 3 includes a D/A conversion unit and the electric/ The sound conversion unit
  • the audio playback device is referred to as including a D/A conversion unit and The audio signal playing device of the sound converting unit; the audio player refers to a variety of commercially available software or hardware audio player products capable of playing various audio files stored in accordance with a prescribed audio file format.
  • FIGs 3 and 4 illustrate an embodiment 1 of the method and apparatus of the present invention.
  • Data acquisition unit 1 A/D sampling unit included 11 A voltage signal is measured on a DC/DC conversion circuit board at a sampling frequency of 100 MHz and stored in a memory storage unit included in the signal analysis unit 2
  • the waveform of the signal is shown in Figure 4(a); the spectrum of the signal is shown in Figure 4(b), indicating that the main frequency component of the signal is distributed at 2MHz-50MHz and at 14MHz. There are strong frequency components; these frequencies are much higher than the 20 kHz that the human ear can feel.
  • the upper limit of the audio, so the signal is an inaudible signal.
  • the acquired signal data includes various parameters such as a signal waveform and a sampling frequency, and the CPU arithmetic unit included in the data processing unit 2
  • the signal waveform is extracted, and the signal waveform is further normalized.
  • the playback rate of the signal waveform can be determined by selecting one of the frequencies within the audio range or by checking the sound output of the audio playback device.
  • This embodiment uses a method of checking the sound output of the audio playback device.
  • the specific process is to change
  • the digital-to-analog conversion speed of the D/A digital-to-analog conversion unit 31 changes the playing frequency of the audio playback device while listening to the sound of the audio playback device.
  • FIG. 4(a) When the playback rate is 11.025 kHz, FIG. 4(a) When the signal is played according to the 11.025KHz rate mapping process, it hears clear noise and regular humming sound, and then tries to play at 921Hz playback rate, that is, the signal of Figure 4(a) is also followed. The 921Hz rate map is processed and played, and a heartbeat-like ' ⁇ ' sound with background noise can be heard.
  • Figure 4(c) is the signal of Figure 4(a) at 11.025KHz After the playback rate map is processed, the waveform can be seen before and after the mapping process. The waveform travel time is changed from 8.192 microseconds before the mapping to 0.73 seconds after the mapping.
  • Figure 4 (d) It is a spectrogram of the signal after mapping processing. It can be seen that the 14MHz stronger signal frequency component that was originally inaudible becomes 1400Hz after being mapped, and the main frequency component range included in the signal waveform becomes 200Hz-5500Hz, falling into the audio range, can be fully listened to.
  • the audio signal obtained after the mapping process passes through the D/A conversion unit included in the audio playback device 3 Converted to analog voltage through the electro/acoustic conversion unit 32 Convert to sound.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art can adjust the playback rate of the audio playback device while listening to the sound to find a playback rate suitable for the user to listen to, record the interval time of the sound, and combine the playback rate and the signal sampling frequency to estimate the signal frequency before and after the mapping, and Learn about the characteristics of noise from auscultation of noise. By comparing the auscultation results of the same method with the inaudible signals of other test points on the board, it can help to understand electromagnetic interference (EMI) Distribution on the board.
  • EMI electromagnetic interference
  • the device configuration of the second embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1
  • the difference is that the voltage data of a plurality of test points is acquired on the circuit board at the same sampling frequency and stored in the Memory storage unit 22, and then the CPU operation unit 21 Find the signal with the largest waveform amplitude variation among all the obtained signals, and use this signal as the reference signal to calculate the maximum and minimum values of the signal amplitude, and then use the maximum and minimum values according to the formula (1).
  • Calculate the normalization of all signals so that the reference signal with the largest amplitude change has the largest sound after playing, and the other waveforms with small amplitude changes have smaller sound after playing, so that different strengths of different signals can be recognized.
  • the maximum and minimum values of the signal can be directly given according to experience, and then the normalization of all signals can be calculated according to the maximum value and the minimum value, and the purpose of judging the signal strength according to the sound can also be achieved. If each signal calculates the maximum and minimum waveform amplitudes with its own reference signal and normalizes it, all signals can be played at maximum volume.
  • the device configuration of the third embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the signal processing unit 2 Extracting a signal waveform from the signal data and having a playback rate that can be made to sound through the audio playback device, constituting the audio signal, storing it in the file format in the storage unit 22, and including the data signal acquisition unit 1 I/O network interface or USB interface output.
  • the signal processing unit 2 Extracting a signal waveform from the signal data and having a playback rate that can be made to sound through the audio playback device, constituting the audio signal, storing it in the file format in the storage unit 22, and including the data signal acquisition unit 1 I/O network interface or USB interface output.
  • This application example firstly uses the above mapping results to form an audio file as WAV. The format is saved.
  • the method is to map the playback rate of the file, the length of the waveform data and the resolution of the data (optional 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits; usually 8 bits or 16) Bit can meet the requirements of sound recognition) write WAV
  • the third embodiment will also map the resulting audio signal to MP3, WMA, RA, RM. , RMX and other formats are stored as audio files and played by various general-purpose audio players.
  • the device configuration of the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 3, except that the signal processing unit 2 Extracting two signal waveforms from two signal data and matching them with a playback rate that makes them sound through the audio playback device, forming a two-channel audio signal, and using WAV File format storage.
  • the user can play the file with a universal audio player, and listen to the waveforms of different inaudible signals with the left and right ears through stereo headphones to compare the differences.
  • the device configuration of the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the audio signal checking unit included in the audio playback device 3 33, comprising a band pass filtering unit and an audio voltage detecting unit, said band pass filtering unit from D/A
  • the converted analog signal removes components outside the audio range, and then the audio voltage detecting unit measures the intensity of the filtered audio signal, thereby completing the checking of the sound output of the audio playback device.
  • the current audio playback device can be judged according to the magnitude of the audio signal strength 3 Whether the playback rate used makes the audio playback device sound correctly.
  • the device configuration of the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 5, except that the audio signal checking unit included in the audio playback device 3 33, including a microphone and an amplifier circuit, capable of picking up an audio playback device 3
  • the played sound is amplified by the amplifying circuit into a level signal, thereby completing the checking of the sound output of the audio playback device.
  • the current audio playback device can be judged according to the size of the level signal. Whether the playback rate used makes the audio playback device sound correctly.
  • the signal auscultation method and apparatus of the seventh embodiment are constructed in the same manner as the foregoing embodiment, except that the signal data includes 1 , the increase or decrease of precipitation in a certain area over the years, 2, the brain wave fluctuation of the human body, 3, the daily price change of the middle price of the exchange rate of the US dollar against the euro in 2007, the USB interface of the signal data acquisition unit 1 12 separately read in, the signal processing unit 2 extracts the signal waveform and normalizes according to the maximum and minimum values of the respective amplitudes of the signals according to the formula (1), and arbitrarily adjusts the audio playback device 3 The playback rate is searched for a suitable auscultation effect, and the above inaudible signal data is played at a playback rate of 900 Hz, 8000 Hz, and 500 Hz, respectively, and a clear data waveform sound is heard.
  • the signal data includes 1 , the increase or decrease of precipitation in a certain area over the years, 2, the brain wave fluctuation of the human body, 3, the daily price change of the middle price
  • the device configuration of the eighth embodiment is the same as that of the foregoing embodiment, except that the USB interface 12 included in the signal acquisition unit 1 is included.
  • Read a WAV format audio signal file through the signal processing unit 2 A signal waveform is extracted from the signal data and a playback rate is determined such that the signal waveform is played through the audio playback device, and then the signal waveform is matched with a signal sampling frequency equal to the playback rate to form a non-audio signal.
  • the specific method is to replace the playback rate Signal sampling frequency parameter in the WAV file header.
  • the processed WAV file can be played by various general-purpose audio players, but no sound can be heard.
  • the data acquisition unit in the above embodiment 1 may be a computer file input device or a data input interface, such as a CD, a USB interface, a network interface, etc., for acquiring data and sent to the data processing unit 2 for processing;
  • the data processing unit 2 may be a computer CPU and memory for signal mapping, normalization processing or judgment processing of output audio signal strength, and audio file storage;
  • audio playback device 3 It may be an audio player built in the computer for D/A conversion and playback of the audio data processed by the data processing unit 2; the data processing unit 2 in the above embodiment
  • the generated audio files can be stored in the computer's internal memory and on the disk and output via a network interface or a USB interface.
  • the invention discloses an auscultation method and device for inaudible signals
  • the inaudible signal can be mapped to an audible range to form an audible signal.
  • the method and device of the invention make full use of the universal signal data collecting unit and the audio playing device, thereby reducing the implementation cost of the invention and facilitating the promotion; and applying the method and device of the invention, it is possible to auscultate the physical quantity changes expressed by any available waveform curve, and it is expected Excavate information that is difficult to find in the existing technology that is inaudible, and promote the development of technological innovation.

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Abstract

现有听诊技术只适用于处于音频范围内并且通过振动传导的声音信号。本发明公开一种不可听信号的听诊方法及装置，能够将不可听信号映射到可听范围以构成可听信号。该方法包括：获取信号数据，包括可听或者不可听信号数据；从信号数据中提取信号波形；确定一个能够使信号波形通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，将信号波形通过音频播放装置以播放速率播放听诊，或者将该播放速率与信号波形组合，构成音频信号，用音频播放器播放该音频信号实现听诊。应用本发明方法及装置，能够实现对任何可用波形曲线表述的物理量变化进行听诊，有望发掘出不可听信号内在的现有技术难以发现的信息，推动科技创新的发展。

Description

不可听信号的听诊方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种信号听诊方法及装置，特别是涉及 一种不可听信号的听诊方法及装置 。
背景技术
基于听觉的对声音的识别是人类最古老的信号识别方法之一，并且仍然被广泛应用于许多领域。借助听诊器聆听人体心与肺的声音来进行医学诊断就是一个应用实例。这种对声音的听诊方法有简单易行的优点，因此，有许多研究组织和个人致力于听诊器材的研究开发。例如，中国实用新型 2009200623488 《主动降噪电子听诊器》能够主动消除外界环境的噪声干扰，提高听诊器的准确性和听诊的效果；又例如中国发明专利申请 2011101883094 《一种无线听诊器》通过无线信号发射和接收装置实现对声音信号的远程听诊。所有这些研究，其信号源都局限于可听的音频范围，也即信号源是通过震动传导的人耳能够感受的 20Hz-20KHz 频率范围内的声音信号。
然而，随之科技的发展，人们发现，大量的信息存在于人的耳朵无法感受的非音频或非声音信号中。例如，月球表面的地貌起伏，某地区历年的降水量增减，人体的脑电波波动，电子电路的电压变化，股票交易的价格波动或者某种物理现象的统计结果等等，都可以用波形的形式记录和表述。但是这些波形或者是频率落在音频范围以外，或者是不以震动的方式传导，因此无法被人类耳朵听到，属于不可听信号。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于克服现有信号听诊方法及装置的应用局限，提出一种对不可听信号的听诊方法及装置，能够将不可听信号，映射到可听范围以构成可听信号，从而将人类对声音的听诊识别范围扩展到不可听信号，扩大人类认识自然的'视野'。
现有的声音听诊，可分为直接听诊和间接听诊两种方式。直接听诊方式是指直接或者通过简单机械装置（例如医用听诊器）聆听声音信号；间接听诊的方式是指，先以一定的采样频率采集声音信号并且将声音信号转变为电信号或者数字信号；然后对电信号或者数字信号进行处理；再然后将电信号或数字信号通过音频播放装置，以与声音信号采样频率相同的速率还原成声音播放出来。无论采取哪种方式，都必须确保 1 、听到的声音和声音信号的幅度变化波形相同； 2 、听到的声音和声音信号的行进速度相同。本发明不可听信号的听诊方法和装置，其工作原理为，一不可听信号 A ，其波形变化包含了丰富的信息，但是其行进速度太快或太慢（非音频信号），超出了人耳能够感受的范围，因此无法被人听到。假如又有一可听信号 B ，其波形与信号 A 完全相同，其行进速度刚好落在人耳能够感受的范围内（音频信号），则可以通过聆听信号 B 实现对信号 A 波形的听诊。本发明不可听信号的听诊方法和装置，通过抽取信号 A 的波形，然后配以音频信号的行进速度构成信号 B ，从而实现了从不可听信号 A 到可听信号 B 的映射；将映射得到的信号 B 通过音频播放装置播放，就能实现对信号 A 的听诊。
 技术解决方案
本发明的上述目的可以采用以下技术方案来实现。提出一种不可听信号的听诊方法：
一种不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于，包括下列步骤 :
获取信号数据，所说的信号数据包括可听或者不可听信号数据；
从信号数据中提取信号波形；
确定一个能够使信号波形通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率 ，将信号波形通过音频播放装置以该播放速率播放听诊，或者将该播放速率与信号波形组合构成音频信号，用音频播放器播放该音频信号实现听诊。
所述的不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于所述的从信号数据中提取信号波形的步骤，还可以进一步包括：
将所述的信号波形归一化，归一化处理中信号幅度的最大值和最小值的确定可以参考信号本身，也可以参照其他信号，还可以直接设定。
所述的不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于所述的能够使信号波形通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，可以直接选择一个音频范围内的任意值，也可以通过检查音频播放装置的声音输出来选定。
所述的不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于所述的将该播放速率与信号波形组合，构成音频信号的步骤，还可以进一步包括：
将所述的音频信号以电子文件形式存储。
所述的不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于所述的音频播放装置的信号播放速率与被听诊信号的信号采样频率无关；所述的信号数据可以包括一个或多个信号波形。
为实现本发明的上述目的和不可听信号的听诊方法，提出一种不可听信号的听诊装置：
一种 不可听信号的听诊装置 ，包含有信号数据获取单元 1 ，信号处理单元 2 和音频播放装置 3 ，数据获取单元 1 获取的数据经信号处理单元 2 处理后由音频播放装置 3 播放；其特征在于：信号处理单元 2 从信号数据获取单元 1 获取信号数据并且从中提取信号波形并且配以可使信号波形通过音频播放装置 3 发声的播放速率， 所说的播放速率与信号的采样频率无关 。
所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的信号处理单元 2 ，还可将信号波形的幅度归一化，归一化处理中信号幅度的最大值和最小值的确定可以参考信号本身，也可以参照其他信号，也可以直接设定。
所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的信号处理单元 2 ，可以从信号数据中提取信号波形并且配以任一可使其通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，构成音频信号，并且以文件形式存储。
所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的信号处理单元 2 ，可以从多个或者一组信号数据中提取多个信号波形并且配以任一可使其通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，构成多声道音频信号，并且以文件形式存储。
所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的音频播放装置 3 ，包含有 D/A 数模转换单元，改变 D/A 转换速率可以改变音频播放装置 3 的播放速率；包含有电 / 声转换单元，将 D/A 转换后的电信号转化为声音信号；还可以包含音频信号检查单元，检测可听声音的强度。
所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的信号处理单元 2 ，也可以从信号数据中提取信号波形并且确定一种使得该信号波形通过音频播放装置播放无法听到声音的播放速率，将该信号波形配以等于该播放速率的信号采样频率，构成非音频信号。
有多种归一化公式可以用于信号的归一化处理。 本发明不可听信号的听诊方法和装置， 其信号波形幅度可以按照以下归一化公式 (1) ，也可采用其它令归一化后信号幅度满足音频播放器播放要求的归一化公式归一化：
Y = K(X-Xmin)/(Max-Min) - K/2 (1)
其中，
X 为归一化前的信号波形；
Y 为归一化后的信号波形；
Xmin 为 X 的最小值；
Max 为信号最大值；
Min 为信号最小值；
K 为归一化后的信号变化幅度，通常等于音频播放装置规定的输入信号变化幅度。
 有益效果
与在先技术相比，本发明的方法及装置的有益效果在于：
1. 现有听诊技术只适用于音频范围并且通过振动传导的声音信号；本发明的方法和装置突破了这些限制，凡是能够用波形表述的信号都能听诊；
2. 能够充分利用通用的信号数据采集单元和音频播放装置，降低了发明实施成本，便于推广；
3. 通过对不可听信号的听诊，有望发掘出不可听信号内在的现有技术难以发现的信息，推动科技创新的发展。
 附图说明
图 1 为本发明方法的流程图；
图 2 为本发明装置的原理图；
图 3 为本发明各具体实施例的结构图；
图 4 为本发明 具体实施例 1 的信号图。
图中：信号数据获取单元 1 信号处理单元 2 音频播放装置 3 A/D 转换单元 11 USB 接口单元 12 I/O 网络接口单元 13 CPU 运算单元 21 Memory 存储器单元 22 D/A 转换单元 31 电 / 声转换单元 32 Monitor 音频信号检查单元 33
 本发明的最佳实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。先介绍本发明的最佳实施方式。
图 1 为本发明不可听信号的听诊方法的流程图。本发明不可听信号的听诊方法，其具体实施包括下列步骤 :
1 、获取信号数据；
2 、从信号数据中提取信号波形；
3 、确定一个能够使信号波形通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，将信号波形通过音频播放装置以该播放速率播放听诊；或者将该播放速率与信号波形组合构成音频信号，用音频播放器播放该音频信号实现听诊。
具体实现中，所述的信号数据可以是可听或者不可听信号数据，可以包括一个或多个信号波形；所述的能够使信号波形通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，可以任选一个音频范围内频率或者通过检查音频播放装置的声音输出来确定。
图 2 是本发明不可听信号的听诊装置的原理图。图 2 中，数据采集单元 1 可以包含传感器， A/D 转换器以及采样控制电路，将不可听信号采集并且转化为电信号或者数字信号；也可以包括各种数据接口，例如，文件或者数据读取装置，直接读取第三方仪器或设备对不可听信号的测量结果；再例如，网络接口，直接接收远程传输过来的信号数据；数据处理单元 2 包含数据运算单元和数据寄存单元，能够从数据采集单元 1 接收信号数据并且从中提取信号波形，而且能够将输入信号幅度归一化为后续音频播放装置 3 要求的输入信号幅度并且配备合适的音频播放速率，由后续的音频播放装置 3 播放，或者将所述信号波形和所述音频播放速率构成音频信号并以音频文件格式存储供音频播放器播放；音频播放装置 3 包括 D/A 转换单元和电 / 声转换单元，能够按照数据处理单元 2 指定的播放速率将数字信号通过 D/A 转换单元转换成模拟信号并且进一步通过电 / 声转换单元转换成声音播放出来，还可以包括音频信号检查单元检测音频播放装置的播出声音是否正确。
具体地，所述的音频播放装置是指包括 D/A 转换单元和电 / 声转换单元的音频信号播放装置；音频播放器是指包括各种市售的软件或硬件音频播放器产品，能够播放各种按照规定的音频文件格式存储的音频文件。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合图 3 和图 4 描述的实施例进一步说明本发明方法和装置的工作原理。
实施例 1
图 3 和图 4 说明本发明方法和装置的实施例 1 。数据采集单元 1 包含的 A/D 采样单元 11 ，以 100MHz 的采样频率在一个 DC/DC 转换电路板上测量得到一个电压信号并且将信号存储于信号分析单元 2 包含的 Memory 存储单元 22 ，信号的波形如图 4(a) 所示；信号的频谱如图 4(b) 所示，表明该信号的主要频率分量频率分布于 2MHz-50MHz ，并且在 14MHz 处有较强的频率分量；这些频率远远高于人耳能感受的 20kHz 的音频上限，因此该信号为不可听信号。被采集的信号数据包含有信号波形和采样频率等多种参数，数据处理单元 2 包含的 CPU 运算单元 21 通过从被采集的信号数据中忽略除信号波形以外的参数，或者从被采集的信号数据中仅仅拷贝波形数据，实现了对信号波形的抽取，并且对信号波形做进一步的归一化处理。信号波形的播放速率可以任选一个音频范围内频率或者通过检查音频播放装置的声音输出来确定。本实施例使用检查音频播放装置的声音输出的方法。具体过程为，改变 D/A 数模变换单元 31 的数模变换速度以改变音频播放装置的播放频率，同时聆听音频播放装置的声音，当播放速率为 11.025KHz 时，也即将图 4(a) 信号 按照 11.025KHz 的速率映射处理后播放时， 听见了清晰的噪声和有规律的噼啪声响，再尝试以 921Hz 播放速率播放，也即将图 4(a) 信号按照 921Hz 的速率映射处理后播放，可听到带有背景噪声的类似心跳的'砰'音。图 4(c) 是图 4(a) 信号按 11.025KHz 播放速率映射处理后的可听信号图，可见映射处理前后波形不变，波形行进时间从映射前的 8.192 微秒变为映射后的 0.73 秒。图 4 (d) 是映射处理后信号的频谱图，可见原来不可听的 14MHz 的较强信号频率分量经过映射处理后变为 1400Hz ，并且信号波形包含的主要频率分量范围变为 200Hz-5500Hz ，落入音频范围，能够被人充分聆听。映射处理后得到的音频信号经过音频播放装置 3 包含的 D/A 转换单元 31 转变成模拟电压，通过电 / 声转换单元 32 转换成声音。本领域的普通技术人员可以通过一边聆听声响一边调整音频播放装置的播放速率找到适合自己聆听的播放速率，记录声响的间隔时间并且结合播放速率和信号采样频率，估算出映射前后的信号频率，并且从对噪声的听诊了解噪声的特点。通过与电路板上其他测试点的不可听信号采用同样方法的听诊结果比较，可以帮助了解电磁干扰（ EMI ）在电路板上的分布。
实施例 2
本实施例 2 的装置 构造同实施例 1 ，所不同的是以同样的采样频率在电路板上获取多个测试点的电压数据并存储于 Memory 存储单元 22 中，然后 CPU 运算单元 21 在所有获得的信号中找出具有最大波形幅度变化的信号，并以此信号为参考信号计算信号幅度的最大值和最小值，然后将该最大值和最小值用于根据公式（ 1 ）计算所有信号的归一化，使得波形变化幅度最大的参考信号播放后的声音最大，其他波形变化幅度小的信号播放后的声音较小，从而能够听辨出不同信号的不同强度。同样道理，也可以根据经验直接给定信号的最大值和最小值，然后根据该最大值和最小值计算所有信号的归一化，同样也能达到根据声响判断信号强度的目的。如果各个信号以自己作为参考信号计算波形幅度最大值和最小值然后归一化处理，则所有信号都能以最大音量播出。
实施例 3
本实施例 3 的装置 构造同实施例 1 ，所不同的是，所述的信号处理单元 2 ，从信号数据中提取信号波形并且配以可使其通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，构成音频信号后以文件格式存储于存储单元 22 ，并且通过数据信号获取单元 1 包含的 I/O 网络接口或者 USB 接口输出。本领域普通技术人员都知道，有许多通用的音频播放器能够播放通用格式的音频文件，这些音频文件的格式通常包括 WAV ， MP3 ， WMA ， RA ， RM ， RMX 等等。本应用实例首先将上述映射结果构成的音频文件以 WAV 格式保存。其方法为，将映射文件的播放速率，波形数据长度和数据的分辨率（可选 8 位， 16 位， 32 位；通常 8 位或 16 位就能满足声音听辨的要求）写入 WAV 文件的文件头部分，波形数据跟随其后。由于音频播放器都是以信号的采样频率相同的播放速率播放音频文件使得播放的声音和原始信号行进速度相同，本实施例将映射结果音频文件的播放速率直接写入 WAV 文件的文件头'信号采样频率'参数。应用所说的 WAV 音频文件生成方法，本实施例 3 还将映射结果音频信号以 MP3 ， WMA ， RA ， RM ， RMX 等等格式存储成音频文件，并且被各种通用音频播放器播放。
实施例 4
本实施例 4 的装置构造同实施例 3 ，所不同的是，所述的信号处理单元 2 从两个信号数据中提取两个信号波形并且配以可使其通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，构成双声道音频信号，并且以 WAV 文件格式存储。用户可以用通用音频播放器播放该文件，并且通过立体声耳机用左右耳朵聆听不同的不可听信号的波形，比较两者的不同。
实施例 5
本实施例 5 的装置构造同实施例 1 ，所不同的是，所说的音频播放装置 3 包含的音频信号检查单元 33 ，包含有带通滤波单元和音频电压检测单元，所说的带通滤波单元从 D/A 转换后的模拟信号中去除音频范围以外的成分，然后由所说的音频电压检测单元测量滤波后的音频信号强度，从而完成了所说的检查音频播放装置的声音输出。根据音频信号强度的大小可以判断当前音频播放装置 3 使用的播放速率是否使得音频播放装置正确发声。
实施例 6
本实施例 6 的装置构造同实施例 5 ，所不同的是，所说的音频播放装置 3 包含的音频信号检查单元 33 ，包含麦克风和放大电路，能够拾取音频播放装置 3 播放的声音并且经放大电路放大为电平信号，从而完成了所说的检查音频播放装置的声音输出。根据电平信号的大小可以判断当前音频播放装置 3 使用的播放速率是否使得音频播放装置正确发声。
实施例 7
本实施例 7 的信号听诊方法和装置构造同前述实施例，所不同的是，所述的信号数据包括了 1 、某地区历年的降水量增减， 2 、人体的脑电波波动， 3 、 2007 年美元对欧元的兑换汇率的中间价的每天价格变化，由信号数据获取单元 1 的 USB 接口 12 分别读入，信号处理单元 2 抽取信号波形并且按照公式 (1) 以信号各自的幅度最大值和最小值分别进行归一化，通过任意调整音频播放装置 3 的播放速率寻找合适的听诊效果，分别以 900Hz ， 8000Hz 和 500Hz 的播放速率播放上述不可听信号数据，听到了清晰的数据波形的声音。
实施例 8
本实施例 8 的装置构造与前述实施例相同，所不同的是通过信号获取单元 1 包含的 USB 接口 12 读取一个 WAV 格式的音频信号文件，通过信号处理单元 2 从信号数据中提取信号波形并且确定一个使得该信号波形通过音频播放装置播放无法听到声音的播放速率，然后将该信号波形配以等于该播放速率的信号采样频率，构成非音频信号。具体方法是以该播放速率替代 WAV 文件头中的信号采样频率参数。这样处理后的 WAV 文件能够被各种通用音频播放器播放，但是听不见声音。
本领域普通技术人员 可以理解上述实施例方法中的全部或者部分流程，除了可通过硬件实现，还可以通过计算机程序来指令相关硬件来完成。所述的程序可存储于计算机可读取存储介质中，运行时执行包括上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中，上述实施例中的数据获取单元 1 可以是计算机的文件输入装置或数据输入接口，如光盘， USB 接口，网络接口等，用于获取数据并且送往数据处理单元 2 处理；数据处理单元 2 可以是计算机的 CPU 和存储器，用于完成信号映射，归一化处理或者对输出音频信号强度的判断处理，以及音频文件存盘；音频播放装置 3 可以是计算机内置的音频播放器，用于数据处理单元 2 处理后的音频数据的 D/A 转换及播放；上述实施例中数据处理单元 2 生成的音频文件可存储在计算机的内存和磁盘中，通过网络接口或者 USB 接口输出。
以上所述仅为本发明的部分实施例，并非全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
 工业实用性
本发明公开了一种不可听信号的听诊方法及装置 ，能够将不可听信号，映射到可听范围以构成可听信号。本发明方法及装置充分利用了通用的信号数据采集单元和音频播放装置，降低了发明实施成本，便于推广；应用本发明方法及装置，能够实现对任何可用波形曲线表述的物理量变化进行听诊，有望发掘出不可听信号内在的现有技术难以发现的信息，推动科技创新的发展。
序列表自由内容

Claims (1)

1. 一种不可听信号的听诊方法 ，其特征在于，包括下列步骤 :
获取信号数据，所说的信号数据包括可听或者不可听信号数据；
从信号数据中提取信号波形；
确定一个能够使信号波形通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率 ，将信号波形通过音频播放装置以该播放速率播放听诊，或者将该播放速率与信号波形组合构成音频信号，用音频播放器播放该音频信号实现听诊。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于所述的从信号数据中提取信号波形的步骤，还可以进一步包括：
将所述的信号波形归一化，归一化处理中信号幅度的最大值和最小值的确定可以参考信号本身，也可以参照其他信号，也可以直接设定。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于所述的能够使信号波形通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，可以任选一个音频范围内的频率，或者通过检查音频播放装置的声音输出加以选定。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于所述的将该播放速率与信号波形组合，构成音频信号的步骤，还可以进一步包括：
将所述的音频信号以音频播放器能够播放的音频文件格式存储。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的不可听信号的听诊方法，其特征在于所述的音频播放装置的信号播放速率与被听诊信号的信号采样频率无关；所述的信号数据可以包括一个或多个信号波形。
6. 一种 不可听信号的听诊装置 ，包含有信号数据获取单元 (1) ，信号处理单元 (2) 和音频播放装置 (3) ，数据获取单元 (1) 获取的数据经信号处理单元 (2) 处理后由音频播放装置 (3) 播放；其特征在于：信号处理单元 (2) 从信号数据获取单元 (1) 获取信号数据并且从中提取信号波形并且配以可使信号波形通过音频播放装置 (3) 发声的播放速率， 所说的播放速率与信号的采样频率无关。
7. 根据权利要求 6 所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的信号处理单元 (2) ，还可将信号波形的幅度归一化，归一化处理中信号幅度的最大值和最小值的确定可以参考信号本身，也可以参照其他信号，也可以直接设定。
8. 根据权利要求 6 所述的不可听信号的听诊装置， 其特征在于所述的信号处理单元 (2) ， 可以从信号数据中提取信号波形并且配以任一可使其通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，构成音频信号，并且以文件格式存储。
9. 根据权利要求 6 所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的信号处理单元 (2) ，也可以从多个或者一组信号数据中提取多个信号波形并且配以任一可使其通过音频播放装置发声的播放速率，构成多声道音频信号，并且以文件格式存储。
10. 根据权利要求 6 所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的音频播放装置 (3) ，包含有 D/A 数模转换单元，改变 D/A 转换速率可以改变音频播放装置 3 的播放速率；包含有电 / 声转换单元，将 D/A 转换后的电信号转化为声音信号；还可以包含音频信号检查单元，检测可听声音的强度。
11. 根据权利要求6所述的不可听信号的听诊装置，其特征在于所述的信号处理单元(2) 还可以从信号数据中提取信号波形并且确定一种使得该信号波形通过音频播放装置播放无法听到声音的播放速率，将该信号波形配以等于该播放速率的信号采样频率，构成非音频信号。
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