WO2015039177A1 - Method for ammoniacal leaching of zinc from carbonate-hosted ores - Google Patents
Method for ammoniacal leaching of zinc from carbonate-hosted ores Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015039177A1 WO2015039177A1 PCT/AU2014/000927 AU2014000927W WO2015039177A1 WO 2015039177 A1 WO2015039177 A1 WO 2015039177A1 AU 2014000927 W AU2014000927 W AU 2014000927W WO 2015039177 A1 WO2015039177 A1 WO 2015039177A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ore
- curing agent
- solution
- zinc
- carbonate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
- C22B19/14—Obtaining zinc by distilling in vertical retorts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for leaching zinc. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for leaching zinc from carbonate-hosted ores using an ammoniacal medium.
- the Schnabel process was used for a number of years before being superseded by the more environmentally friendly, acid-based roast-leach- electrowin process.
- the Schnabel process feed was typically roasted sphalerite flotation concentrate but selective mining also allowed processing of zinc oxide ores.
- the Schnabel process is complex (as is evident from the summary by Harvey (Mineral Processing & Extractive Metallurgy Review, volume: 27, pages: 231-279, 2006), and it is perhaps unsurprising that there are currently few, if any, Schnabel process plants in operation.
- ammoniacal leaching methods either suffer from significant ammonia loss, or require complicated chemistry or engineering to overcome such, providing a further impediment to the widespread adoption of ammoniacal leaching methods.
- Other ammoniaca! leaching methods have previously utilised ammoniacai leaching methods involving curing steps. However, these methods require the ammoniacai leach solution to have an ammonium carbonate concentration of at least 5 g/L. This requirement adds to operation costs as additional ammonium carbonate is often required to be added to the leach solution.
- the method of leaching of the present invention has as one object thereof to overcome the abovementioned problems associated with the prior art, or to at least provide a useful alternative thereto.
- an ammoniacal solution that has an ammonium carbonate content of less than 5 g/L to the cured ore, wherein the leach solution maintains a pH between 6 and 13 during the leach process
- an ammoniacal solution that has an ammonium carbonate content of less than 5 g/L to the cured ore, wherein the leach solution self- buffers to a pH between 8 and 11 during the leach process;
- ore will be understood to include, for example, the product of one or more pre-treatment steps, such as a roast or calcination steps, or one or more concentration steps, but is not limited thereto.
- the term “ore” or variations thereof, will also be understood to include, for example, the zinc- bearing waste product of steeimaking processes, such as electric arc furnace (EAF) wastes.
- EAF electric arc furnace
- carbonate-hosted ore means target ores that are surrounded by and / or retained within, carbonate compounds.
- carbonate-hosted ore or variations thereof, will also be understood to include, for example, ores hosted within carbonate (limestone, marl, dolomite) formations and which share a common genetic origin.
- this process may form part of a larger flowsheet for processing zinc ores.
- the outlined process may be used to treat the tailings of a prior flotation process to recover the sulhpide minerals. Equally, it may be more economic to use the outlined process prior to recovery of the sulphide minerals by flotation.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 5 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 10 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 15 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 20 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 25 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 50 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 75 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 00 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 150 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 200 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 250 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 300 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 400 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 500 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 750 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of at least 1000 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the carbonate-hosted ore has an acid neutralisation capacity of between 50 kg and 400 kg of sulphuric acid per tonne, when measured at pH 1.5.
- the procedure for determining the acid neutralisation capacity is to add a known mass of ground ore (e.g. 50g) to a large volume (e.g. 500mL) of sulphuric acid solution at the required pH (e.g. 1.5). The mixture is stirred and periodically measured volumes of known concentration sulphuric acid (e.g. 100g/L) is added to return the slurry to the starting pH. This procedure continues until the pH is stable for more than 1 hour.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 90% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 80% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 70% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 60% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 50% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 40% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 30% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 25% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 20% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 15% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 10%» of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 5% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the zinc present as sulphide minerals is less than 25% of the total zinc in the ore.
- the carbonate hosted ore comprises one or more minerals selected from the group comprising; calcite, galena, hydrozincite, goethite, calcite, hydrozincite, cerussite, smithsonite, sphalerite, and hemimorphite.
- the ore comprises one or more minerals selected from the group comprising; calcite, hydrozincite, galena, goethite.
- the inventors have discovered that when an ammonia leach solution is applied to carbonate-hosted ores containing zinc that have undergone a curing step, there is no requirement for the leach solution to have a high ammonium carbonate content.
- the carbonate-hosted ores may be viably leached in ammoniacal solutions with an ammonium carbonate content of less than 5 g/L.
- Leaching describes a process by which a solution containing a leaching agent is contacted with an ore, the solution recovered and valuable metals extracted therefrom.
- the curing step of the present invention renders the ore to be leached more amenable to the leaching process, improving both the extent and rate of recovery of the zinc. Without wishing to be bound by theory, this may arise from one or more of the oxidation or reduction of the zinc or otherwise refractory ores containing the zinc, the complexation of metal (target or non-target) and the mobilisation of metal (target or non target),
- the scope of the present invention encompasses methods where the aqueous solution of the curing agent is collected after the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent, and metal values recovered therefrom.
- conventional aqueous leaching solutions do not fall within the meaning of aqueous solution of a curing agent, as they do not render the ore to be leached more amenable to the subsequent leaching process.
- two stage ammoniacal leaching processes differ markedly from the method of the present invention as there is no enhancement of the second leaching stage by performance of the first.
- the step of curing the carbonate-hosted ore through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent more specifically comprises substantially retaining the curing agent in contact with the ore to be leached when the ammoniacal solution is added.
- the nature and concentration of the curing agent depends on the mineralogy of the carbonate-hosted ore, the texture of the carbonate-hosted or ore and the pore volume of the carbonate-hosted or ore.
- texture describes the manner in which the minerals are arranged in the ore (e.g. goethite coating zinc oxide minerals is a very different proposition to a zinc oxide ore with associated goethite).
- pore space and "pore volume” refer to the space comprising the pores within the ore particles, as opposed to inter-particle pores created by any stacking process.
- the most desirable conditions under which the ore is cured vary as the composition, mineralogy and texture of the ore varies.
- the nature and concentration of the curing agent, the temperature at which the curing step occurs, the pH at which the curing step occurs and the time for which the ore is exposed to the curing agent may all be varied in response to the composition, mineralogy, texture and pore volume of the ore (with low pore volumes necessitating higher concentrations).
- the curing agent may be an agent previously associated with leaching the metal of interest from the ore.
- the concentration of the curing agent in the aqueous solution of the curing agent will typically be substantially higher than the concentrations conventionally associated with leaching the metal of interest from the ore to render the ore to be leached more amenable to the leaching process.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached takes place at atmospheric pressure.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached takes place at ambient temperature.
- the volume of the aqueous solution of the curing agent applied to the ore is a function of a number of parameters including, but not limited to, the texture of the ore, the residence time (the time for which the ore is exposed to the curing agent prior to the leaching step), the concentration of the curing agent and the leach conditions.
- the volumes of aqueous solutions of curing agent exposed to the ore are as low as practicable.
- preferred forms of the invention utilise low volumes of an aqueous solution of a curing agent of high concentration
- preferred methods for curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent are those adapted to utilise low volumes of aqueous solution of the curing agent.
- the present invention identifies a principle enabling the economical recovery of zinc from a wide range of carbonate-hosted ores, in that conventional, energy-intensive physical pre- treatment techniques such as grinding or roasting, used successfully or otherwise in ammoniacal leaching, can be replaced or enhanced by using chemical curing techniques, where combinations of the activity of the curing agent and elevated concentrations of the curing agent render the ore amenable to the subsequent atmospheric ammoniacal leaching.
- Aqueous solutions of curing agents are preferably low volumes of high concentration solutions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 0% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 20% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 30% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 40% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 50% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 60% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 70% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 80% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 90% of the saturated concentration of the curing agent under the prevailing conditions.
- Curing conditions application of curing agent to the ore
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent may be generated in situ, such as by electrolytic means.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent more specifically comprises: spraying the aqueous solution of the curing agent onto the ore prior to the step of leaching the cured ore at atmospheric pressure through the application of an ammoniacaf solution.
- the method of the present invention may include the step of:
- the method of the present invention includes the step of:
- the invention comprises reducing the size of the ore to be treated by wet grinding, wherein the ore is ground in contact with water or a grinding aqueous solution
- the aqueous grinding solution may be provided in the form of the aqueous solution of the curing agent.
- the method comprises the steps of:
- the method of the present invention may include a step of:
- the method of the present invention includes the step of:
- the invention comprises reducing the size of the ore to be leached by wet crushing, wherein the ore is crushed in contact with water or an aqueous crushing solution.
- the aqueous crushing solution may be provided in the form of the aqueous solution of the curing agent.
- the method comprises the steps of:
- the step of curing the ore to be !eached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent more specifically comprises:
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aq eous solution of a curing agent more specifically comprises:
- the method of the present invention may include a step of:
- the method of the present invention includes the step of:
- agglomerating the ore to be leached by contacting the ore with water or an aqueous solution of an agglomerating agent.
- the aqueous solution of the curing agent is also the aqueous solution of the agglomerating agent. That is, the aqueous solution contains both a curing agent and an agglomerating agent.
- the curing agent is an agglomerating agent, such that the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent more specifically comprises:
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent more specifically comprises:
- the method of the present invention comprises the step of:
- the predetermined time for which the ore is rested prior to the step of ammoniacai solution forming a leach solution by applying of an ammoniacal solution to the cured ore wiil be a function of a number of parameters including, but not limited to the particle size of the ore, the concentration of the curing agent and the texture of the ore.
- the predetermined period is between 5 minutes and twenty eight days. Preferably still, the predetermined period is between 1 day and 7 days.
- the curing time will be a function of particle size, small particles requiring substantially less curing time than large particles.
- a high concentration of curing agent will require a shorter resting time than a low concentration of curing agent.
- the ideal extent of saturation of the pore space of the ore with the aqueous solution of the curing agent wiil depend largely on the texture of the ore.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent saturates at least 50% of the pore space with solution.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent saturates at least 60% of the pore space with solution.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent saturates at least 70% of the pore space with solution.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent saturates at least 80% of the pore space with solution.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent saturates at least 90% of the pore space with solution.
- the most desirable conditions under which the cured ore is leached will vary as the conditions under which the ore is cured vary. For example, weaker cure solutions may require more aggressive leach solutions.
- Methods for leaching ore at atmospheric pressure are well known to persons skilled in the art, and include heap leaching, vat leaching, tank leaching and dump leaching.
- the step of ammoniacal solution forming a leach solution by applying of an ammoniacal solution to the cured ore, producing a pregnant leach solution takes place at ambient temperatures. Atmospheric leaching, particularly at ambient temperatures, is one of the least energy-intensive leaching techniques available.
- a curing step that is not energy intensive and that renders an ore amenable to an ammoniacal leaching step that is also not energy intensive has clear advantages over prior art methods.
- the Applicant has discovered that the leaching of carbonate-hosted ores does not require the addition of any buffering agents, such as ammonium carbonate, during the leach process.
- the carbonate content fixes the operating pH to a relatively narrow range and is self-regulating as the carbonate content acts as a self-buffer.
- the pH range buffered by the carbonate content is maintained at a range in which zinc is soluble.
- a second advantage of carbonate systems is that there is iess prospect of gypsum scaling as the sulphate level is always too low for precipitation to occur.
- the calcium ievel will also be low as the precipitation of CaC0 3 will occur whenever calcium ions are released into solution.
- the concentration of ammonium carbonate in the ammoniacal solution is less than 5 g/L.
- the concentration of ammonium carbonate in the ammoniacal solution is less than 4 g/L.
- the concentration of ammonium carbonate in the ammoniacal solution is less than 3 g/L.
- the concentration of ammonium carbonate in the ammoniacal solution is less than 2 g/L.
- the concentration of ammonium carbonate in the ammoniacal solution is less than 1 g/L.
- the concentration of ammonium carbonate in the ammoniacal solution is less than 0.75 g/L.
- the concentration of ammonium carbonate in the ammoniacal solution is less than 0.5 g/L.
- the concentration of ammonium carbonate in the ammoniacal solution is less than 0.25 g/L.
- the ammoniacal solution contains no ammonium carbonate.
- ammonia of the ammoniacal solution may be generated in situ, such as by hydrolysis of urea.
- the free ammonia concentration of the ammoniacal solution may be taiiored to the rate at which the zinc is leached from the cured ore, thereby minimising excess free ammonia and thus minimising ammonia losses due to evaporation.
- the resulting pregnant leach solution preferably contains only a slight excess of free ammonia over that necessary to retain the zinc in solution. As there is little free ammonia in the pregnant leach solution, ammonia losses due to evaporation are low. This is one of the major potential advantages of the present invention.
- ammoniacal solution comprises about 30-70 g/L ammonia.
- step (b) As would be realised by a person skilled in the art the level of ammonia in the solution applied in step (b) would be matched to the level of zinc in the ore and the rate at which it leaches. A low grade ore where the zinc leaches slowly would require a lower concentration of ammonia than a high grade ore where the leaching is rapid.
- Selection of a suitable free ammonia concentration can be used to maintain a specific concentration of zinc in the leach solution. If the concentration of free ammonia is less. than the value necessary to achieve maximum dissolution the solution will become saturated with zinc when all of the free ammonia is complexed. Leaching will therefore need to be performed for a longer period to achieve the same zinc recovery. Whilst this may seen counter productive the constant concentration of zinc in the leach solution makes it very substantially simpler to control the subsequent processes as the feed concentration will be invariant. Typical leaching plants have to deal with constantly varying leach solution concentrations which requires the process to be continually optimised. This is especially problematical in heap leach operations where the solution concentration decreases continually with time as the metal of interest is leached. In this process the quantity of zinc is constant over time until the ore is essentially leached out. The capability to control the maximum solution tenor is a major advantage of the present process.
- the nature of the curing agent depends on the mineralogy of the carbonate-hosted ore, the texture of the carbonate-hosted or ore and the pore volume of the carbonate-hosted or ore.
- a person skilled in the art will use either single curing agents or a suite of curing agents within the same cure solution according to the mineralogy of the ore, the texture of the ore and the pore volume of the ore. Some curing agents are chemically compatible, and may be applied simultaneously. Others may necessitate sequential curing. That is, the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of an aqueous solution of a curing agent, producing a cured ore may comprise the steps of: curing the ore to be leached through the application of a first aqueous solution of a first curing agent; then
- Examples of chemically incompatible curing agents include acids and bases.
- the first curing agent may be provided in the form of an acid, and the second curing agent in the form of ammonia.
- the curing agent of the present invention need not act directly on the zinc.
- the ore is a zinc silicate
- the curing agent may be provided in the form of an aqueous fluoride solution which may complex the silica.
- the curing agent is selected from the group: metal complexing agent, acid, base and combinations thereof.
- the curing agent is selected from the group: metal complexing agent and combinations thereof.
- the curing agent is a metal complexing agent.
- the curing agent is preferably provided in the form of ammonia.
- the concentration of the ammonia in the aqueous solution of the curing agent is at least 30 g/L.
- some ores may be advantageously cured by ammonia concentrations as low as 1g/L.
- the curing agent preferably comprises ammonia and CO2.
- the concentration of the ammonia is at least 30 g/L.
- the concentration of the C0 2 is at least 20 g/L.
- some ores may be advantageously cured by ammonia concentrations as low as 1g/L and / or C0 2 concentrations as low as 1g/L.
- the curing agent preferably comprises a solution of an acid at between pH 2 and 7.
- the curing agent is preferably provided in the form of an ammonia solution.
- the concentration of the ammonia solution is at least 30 g/L.
- some ores may be advantageously cured by ammonia concentrations as low as 1g/L.
- the means for metal recovery of the present invention may comprise one or more of the following: solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation and cementation.
- the step of curing the ore to be leached through the application of a curing agent more particularly comprises curing the ore to be leached through the simultaneous application of a curing agent and a free ammonia solution.
- the curing agent is provided in the form of an aqueous free ammonia solution.
- the free ammonia concentration of the curing solution exceeds the free ammonia concentration of the ammoniacal solution of the leaching step.
- the curing step involves simultaneous application of a free ammonia solution
- the high ammonia concentration used solubilises zinc within the pores and transports it towards the surface.
- the pores will contain a higher ammonia concentration that the leaching solution thereby giving enhanced diffusion of zinc out of the ore during the step of leaching the cured ore through the application of an ammoniacal solution.
- the method of the present invention comprises the step of: allowing the mixture of ore and curing agent to rest for a predetermined period.
- the predetermined period is at least one day.
- Figure 1 is a schematic flow sheet of a method for leaching zinc from an ore in accordance with the present invention
- Figure 2 is the results of the analysis of leached samples of ore showing recovery of zinc as function of ammonium carbonate concentration.
- a method for leaching zinc from an ore in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention is now described.
- a zinc oxide ore is used as the basis for this disclosure, metal recovery is by solvent extraction and electrowinning.
- the flowsheet is shown in Figure 1.
- the ore 11 is mixed with the cure 10 and heaped in order to allow the mixture to rest 12, After an appropriate time the rested ore 13 is irrigated in the leach step 14 using zinc-depleted raffinate 15 from the solvent extraction unit 23.
- the pregnant leach solution 16 is sent to a storage pond 22 from which it I sent to solvent extraction 23 where the zinc is selectively removed using, for example, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA).
- DEHPA di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid
- the zinc is stripped into an acid solution 24 which passes to electrowinning 25 where zinc cathodes 26 are produced.
- the leached solids 17 are irrigated with water 19 in order to recover any entrained zinc and ammonia, the solution 20 being fed into the pregnant leach solution (PLS) pond 22.
- the barren solids 21 are disposed of in an appropriate manner.
- the acid neutralisation capacities of the samples at pH2.0 were 240 and 300 kg H2SO4 / 1 for A and B respectively confirming the high carbonate content in the two samples.
- the higher value for B is a reflection of the higher proportion of carbonate remaining after removal of the mass associated with the lead and zinc sulphides.
- the zinc recovery in AAC is only slightly better than that in 30FA. This is despite there being more than double the amount of free ammonia and the presence of 108g/L ammonium carbonate. As indicated by the results, the effect of ammonium carbonate is small. Further analysis of the data showed that those samples where the recovery in AAC was notably higher than in 30FA were those where the zinc headgrade was highest.
- the maximum solution concentration of zinc is controlled by the concentration of free ammonia as the tetra-amine zincate (Zn(NH3)4 2+ ) complex is formed.
- Zn(NH3)4 2+ ) complex is formed.
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MX2016003686A MX2016003686A (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2014-09-19 | Method for ammoniacal leaching of zinc from carbonate-hosted ores. |
AU2014324082A AU2014324082A1 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2014-09-19 | Method for ammoniacal leaching of zinc from carbonate-hosted ores |
AU2018264020A AU2018264020B2 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2018-11-13 | Method for Ammoniacal Leaching of Zinc from Carbonate-Hosted Ores |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU2013903625A AU2013903625A0 (en) | 2013-09-20 | Method for Ammoniacal Leaching of Zinc from Carbonate-Hosted Ores | |
AU2013903625 | 2013-09-20 |
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WO2015039177A1 true WO2015039177A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
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PCT/AU2014/000927 WO2015039177A1 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2014-09-19 | Method for ammoniacal leaching of zinc from carbonate-hosted ores |
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AU (2) | AU2014324082A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2016003686A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015039177A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3929598A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1975-12-30 | Anaconda Co | Recovery of copper and zinc from low-grade non-ferrous materials |
WO2004076698A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-10 | Outokumpu Technology Oy | Method for recovery of zinc by countercurrent leaching |
US20100180728A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-07-22 | Metaleach Limited | Method for ammoniacal leaching |
-
2014
- 2014-09-19 AU AU2014324082A patent/AU2014324082A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-09-19 WO PCT/AU2014/000927 patent/WO2015039177A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-09-19 MX MX2016003686A patent/MX2016003686A/en unknown
-
2018
- 2018-11-13 AU AU2018264020A patent/AU2018264020B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3929598A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1975-12-30 | Anaconda Co | Recovery of copper and zinc from low-grade non-ferrous materials |
WO2004076698A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-10 | Outokumpu Technology Oy | Method for recovery of zinc by countercurrent leaching |
US20100180728A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2010-07-22 | Metaleach Limited | Method for ammoniacal leaching |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2018264020A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
MX2016003686A (en) | 2016-06-22 |
AU2014324082A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
AU2018264020B2 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
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