WO2015032009A1 - Procédé et système de taille réduite pour le déchiffrement de signaux audio en signaux audio binauraux - Google Patents

Procédé et système de taille réduite pour le déchiffrement de signaux audio en signaux audio binauraux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015032009A1
WO2015032009A1 PCT/CL2014/000043 CL2014000043W WO2015032009A1 WO 2015032009 A1 WO2015032009 A1 WO 2015032009A1 CL 2014000043 W CL2014000043 W CL 2014000043W WO 2015032009 A1 WO2015032009 A1 WO 2015032009A1
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binaural
recording
acquisition system
sound
clause
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PCT/CL2014/000043
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Pablo RECABAL GUIRALDES
Cristián URRUTIA SOTO
Osvaldo TRAVIESO MANSO
Álvaro MUÑOZ NÚÑEZ
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Recabal Guiraldes Pablo
Urrutia Soto Cristián
Travieso Manso Osvaldo
Muñoz Núñez Álvaro
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Publication of WO2015032009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015032009A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2400/15—Aspects of sound capture and related signal processing for recording or reproduction

Definitions

  • the present invention consists of a system of reduced size for binaural recording and / or reproduction of binaural audio signals that allow the user to experience the three-dimensional sound experience.
  • the invention also proposes an associated methodology to effect said recording and / or reproduction, a computer program associated with said methodology, and the manufacturing process of said system.
  • the technology to record and / or reproduce video in three dimensions (3D) is an important innovation in the entertainment industry, successfully applied both on a large scale, such as in cinemas, as well as on a smaller scale, for example in systems portable and / or for home use.
  • the recording and / or reproduction of three-dimensional sound has not developed as its video pair, which has resulted in the experience of three-dimensional sound experienced by users when listening to a recorded sound is not yet similar with respect to what the human being actually listens in natural circumstances.
  • the human being is able to identify the location of sounds around them very precisely (back, sides, up, down, near, far, etc.).
  • the human auditory system perceives the sound differently in each ear according to each source specific sound and its location.
  • the human brain is able to process these differences allowing you to identify the direction and distance of the origin of the sound.
  • stereo speakers There are several types of speakers, in terms of dimensions and principles of operation, but all are based on the transformation of electrical energy into mechanical energy and, finally, acoustic waves. Most of the speakers used today (in theaters, cars, shops, studios, headphones and home appliances) work with an electromagnet that moves a coil, which in turn moves a cone that generates acoustic waves.
  • the surround system defines the use of five or more channels with speakers generally organized in a horizontal plane, in addition to a low frequency channel with 10% of the sound intensity of the rest of the channels. Given the organization of the speakers, an enveloping (or surround) effect of the sound can be generated in the plane of the speakers, partially similar to a three-dimensional field of sounds, as long as the listener is in a central position in relation to the organization of the speakers.
  • the alternative that solves the practical, economic and technical deficiencies of the surround system is the simulation of the human auditory process that allows identifying the origin of sounds through the use of headphones.
  • This technology is known as binaural reproduction, and is capable of providing a sensation of three-dimensional immersion, personalized for each listener.
  • the reproduction of sound material in 3D has been the subject of research for several decades, both in the surround format and with binaural technology.
  • researchers have made measurements with an artificial head for the simulation of sounds in the three-dimensional field, developing applications of robotic localization; and the personalization and parameterization of anthropometric models (also called structural models) that allow simulating 3D sounds for any physiognomy, among others.
  • HRTF Head-Related Transfer Function
  • 201 developed a customized structural model for an anatomy that explains the relationship that exists between the elevation of a sample and the radius of the head as a part of a structural model of the HRTF, and in particular the relationship that exists between the azimuth of a sample and the dimensions of the ear in function with the PRTF.
  • DJ Kistler et al. A model of head-related transfer functions based on principal components analysis and minimum-phase reconstruction
  • US patent 8,265,284 discloses an apparatus for generating a binaural audio signal that includes a demultiplexer and decoder that receives audio information consisting of an M-channel audio signal that is a mixture of an audio signal of channel N and spatial parameter data to mix the audio signal of channel M with the audio signal of channel N.
  • a conversion processor converts spatial parameters of the information of spatial parameters into the first parameters binaurals in response to at least one binaural perceptual transfer function.
  • a matrix processor converts the M-channel audio signal into a first stereo signal in response to the first binaural parameters and a stereo filter generates the binaural audio signal by filtering the first stereo signal.
  • the filter coefficients for the stereo filter are determined in response to at least one of the binaural perception transfer functions by a coefficient processor, wherein said transfer function is a HRTF.
  • a transfer function is a HRTF.
  • US 8,265,284 relates to the generation of binaural signal for content that has previously been mixed with spatial characteristics, such as a 5.1 surround mix of music or sound for images. Because it only uses parametrized HRTF of human auditory perception, it does not try to model the response of the acquisition system with which the quality of a 3D signal would be captured. Therefore, said system would be imprecise in the transformation of a variety of microphones with a characteristic spatial pattern in a binaural signal, since it does not take into account the structure of the components involved in the capture of sound waves as a relevant parameter. for audio processing with a transfer function.
  • the challenge of the present invention is to design a system and its methodology for binaural recording, wherein said system and method can be adapted to a professional or home-made 3D video camera, as well as to any other type of device. reduced size, and that resolves the current technological limitations described previously.
  • the present invention addresses the challenge of offering a recording system of reduced size, preferably of millimeter dimensions, for example capable of being used inside a video camera, smart phone or even smaller devices, where said system recovers waves of acoustically filtered sound that decodes in such a way that when it is reproduced by means of a conventional type of hearing aid or hearing aid device, it is heard exactly how an observer would experience it from the perspective of the scene.
  • the invention also discloses a recording method used by the system identified above for the processing of the audio signal, a computer program that applies said method and the manufacturing process of said system.
  • the specific objects of this invention are to provide a sound recording system having in an embodiment of the invention, an acoustic filter device that minimize the correlation in the response to the same sound originated from any pair of points with different spherical angle and a binaural processing decoder device, which takes the measured sound response within two acoustic filters, and rescue the information of the location of the sound, which is implicit in the audio signals, transforming it into a pair of signals with the characteristics that would have to be heard by the human being.
  • the human auditory system perceives the sound differently in each ear according to the location of that source. Based on this, the brain uses a series of signals derived from the perception of sound to calculate this location, of which the most important are:
  • Xi, X r All these characteristics can be represented in a vector (Xi, X r ), in which Xj and X r contain the input information of the signal, for example, the level, phase and spectrum representation of the sound, at a given moment , in the left and right ear respectively.
  • the first is the use of a physical model to make the recording of sounds, which interprets the sound around them in a similar way to what happens with human anatomy.
  • a recording technique that is capable of detecting the four signals indicated above that the brain uses to locate sounds.
  • this category we can find the aforementioned dummy head method, the famous Jecklin disc, the microphones developed by the Japanese company Otokinoko, and the methods that use binaural microphones that are placed in the ears of the recording artist.
  • the device is used to make the recordings in situ, that is, the location of the sounds is given by the relative position of the head at the time of recording.
  • the second category groups the methods using a mathematical model of the dimensions of a particular head and digital sound processing to synthesize audio signals that the brain interprets as binaural.
  • the best known of these models uses a HRTF, which is obtained for each head by measuring the response of microphones located inside the ear, when stimulated by sounds with all the existing frequencies in the human auditory range. These sounds are placed in different positions of the 3D space, in a place where there are no sound reflections that interfere with the duration of the HRTF (typically an anechoic chamber), where the recordings of the microphones are evaluated and stored for each location.
  • HRTF typically an anechoic chamber
  • the invention consists of developing a method and devices belonging to the first and second category, combining a physical system for recording binaural sounds with a methodology applied to estimate a Binaural Transformation. (BF) of the signals captured.
  • BF Binaural Transformation.
  • the invention consists of developing a method and devices belonging to the first category, that is, a physical method that minimizes the correlation in response to the same sound originating from any pair of points, with a different spherical angle.
  • Said method and devices are capable of recovering all the information that allows the human being to locate sounds in space, since it minimizes the correlation in the response of the system as a result of equal signals emitted from different spherical locations that help to preserve the information related to the location of the sound.
  • one embodiment of the system of the invention proposes an acoustic filter device with materiality and parameterized specifications for each spherical angle of a defined discretization or sampling grid.
  • this device which is called Acoustic Filter of Angular Parametrization (APAF, acronym in English for Angular Parameterization Acoustic Filter), is applied to a pair of sound capturing devices, for example, microphones of dimensions according to the specifications, to measure more thoroughly the transfer function related to this system, obtained based on its input and output signals.
  • APAF Acoustic Filter of Angular Parametrization
  • MFS microphones-filter system
  • acquisition system is developed. through a combination of existing algorithms of artificial intelligence for the approximation of functions, and thus achieve the function of desired transformation.
  • this transformation function takes a part of the audio captured by the acquisition system and converts it into a signal as it would be heard by a normal human head.
  • a d mmy or model head is used and a calculation is made to obtain the HRTF of this head.
  • Equivalent measurements are made for the acquisition, modeling and obtaining system of an MFS Transfer Function (MFSTF, for the Microphones-Filter System Transfer Functior ⁇ ). From the information of the HRTF and MFSTF, equal parameters are learned such as the typical binaural signals that are then used in the transformation function to approach the binaural audio.
  • MFSTF MFS Transfer Function
  • the desired transformation function is obtained by means of a training and validation process carried out with pairs of results of each transfer function (HRTF and MFSTF) and their parameters calculated for the sounds emitted from the same angular location. relative. Then, the process approximates the MFSTF to the HRTF of said system, obtaining the Binaural Transformation (BT, acronym in English for Binaural
  • Transformatiori that converts the acquired signal into a binaural reproduction signal.
  • the system and method make up an integral design that is capable of recording audio and then processing it for reproduction as a sound environment in three dimensions.
  • Figure 1 shows a listening pattern of a specific sound emitted from the source point S, where Xi is the input signal received by the left ear and X r is the input signal received by the right ear.
  • Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the processing performed on the audio signals, which is the basis of the decoding process to find the binaural representation.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of one of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • the present invention describes a method and binaural recording system, capable of recording sound and decoding its spatial characteristics, which when reproduced with hearing aid-type devices offers a three-dimensional representation of the recorded sound scene.
  • Said system and method offer a solution of reduced size, preferably of millimeter dimensions, which can be applied and / or integrated into professional, domestic, portable devices such as cell phones, among others.
  • said recording system consists of at least two APAF acoustic filter units, where each filter unit has a sound sensor unit in its interior.
  • a microphone that transforms the acoustic signal or sound wave into an electrical signal or an audio signal.
  • the arrangement of the APAF units is known as an acoustic filter device or APAF device.
  • Each APAF unit which are physically separated in one mode, minimizes the angular (spherical) correlation of the response to any pair of identical sounds with frequencies in the human range, measured from the sound sensor unit that is located within the Each unit of acoustic filter.
  • said sound sensor unit consists of a high gain omnidirectional microphone in proportion to its size.
  • the acoustic filter units and sound sensors used are of millimeter dimensions, which facilitates their integration into existing recording devices such as professional, portable or domestic appliances.
  • the present invention considers that the frequency curve of the sound sensor unit used is not excessively different from that of the conventional microphones used in the recording studios, so any non-linearity in the response may be corrected by later equalization stages.
  • the construction of an APAF device comprises materials commonly used in the production of video cameras, smart phones and their accessories, microphones, acoustic absorption and acoustic resonance, the objective being to obtain the minimum angular correlation for a pair of identical sounds emitted from sources located in different angular positions, measured based on an average index of the result obtained for each pair of sounds. Then, the main objective of the acoustic filter device is to preserve the location information of the sound contained in an audio signal, which provides the effects of the variation of the sound spectrum and the variation of the sound level of the received sound wave. Also, due to the spatial separation of the sound sensor units, there is a variation in the time in which the sound events are acquired by each sound sensor, and therefore said time difference is also contained in the signals of audio as information.
  • the APAF device offers:
  • An APAF device with its APAF units that has been coupled to a sound sensor unit or microphone, consists of a subsystem called the microphones-filter system (MFS) or acquisition system, which is one of the central axes for the recording of sound of the present invention.
  • MFS microphones-filter system
  • acquisition system which is one of the central axes for the recording of sound of the present invention.
  • a decoder device is used that translates or transforms the signal recovered by the sound capture device into a three-dimensional signal like that which the human ear hears.
  • the decoding device consists of means for storing calculation and processing information, such as acoustic measurements made to the MFS and a dummy head system, by applying a transformation to the MFS output signal to obtain a binaural reproduction signal in a type of hearing aid device or conventional hearing aids.
  • the acoustic measurements made to both the MFS and the dummy head to determine the transformation function are made based on a sound sample that contains all the frequencies that the human being can hear, where said sample can be of the type white noise, impulses or sinusoidal sweep.
  • the samples are taken with the dummy head for the determined N locations and with the same location N to the MFS or acquisition system, where the samples taken are analyzed for correlation between signals and iteration.
  • the experimental approach used is generating pulses (or pulse type signals such as a "sinusoidal sweep” or a maximum length sequence "MLS", for Maximum Sequence) based on a semi-uniform elevation agreement. and rotations in the horizontal plane (azimuth) over the center of a sphere. That is, the signals emitted from the spherical arrangement are measured for both the dummy head and the binaural acquisition system. Then, the dummy head measurements help to obtain the HRTF corresponding to the dummy head and the descriptive parameters of it.
  • the transformation function of the decoding device is obtained from the acoustic measurements taken from the dummy head (HRTF) and from the transfer function of the acquisition system (MFSTF) in conjunction with the intelligence algorithm artificial that approximates the function that maps both responses, through its descriptive parameters.
  • the transformation function in the decoding device is an approximation function obtained by supervised learning (or an equivalent machine learning technique), in which the input signal to the learning method may come from one embodiment of the invention of the microphones of the system, representing the sound waves X
  • Said artificial intelligence system comprises a programmed learning algorithm in computer systems or software, where said learning algorithm is parameterized to evaluate the best combination of parameters in the validation stage.
  • learning algorithm is parameterized to evaluate the best combination of parameters in the validation stage.
  • the output is the reconstruction of the separated audio segments in the original points.
  • the software of the invention is integrated in the system of small size, it is necessary to perform the previous steps in a microprocessor to have an independent solution, with a digital analog converter of high frequency sampling and a digital analogue output converter.
  • the previous steps can be incorporated into the memory of the devices that house them, for example, portable devices that already have a framework to communicate with their processor, memory, analogue digital converters, data buses, etc.
  • the validation and training of the artificial intelligence system consists of establishing a mathematical correlation between the functions of transfer of the signals captured by the dummy head (generic HRTF) and the transfer functions of the signals captured with MFS (MFSTF).
  • MFSTF transfer functions of the signals captured with MFS
  • Binaural Transformation BF
  • 3 ⁇ 4_MSF corresponds to the parameterized transfer function of the acquisition system, for the position ⁇ , which will be correlated with the transfer function of the dummy head.
  • BF 0 corresponds to the Binaural Transformation described above.
  • 3 ⁇ 4_dummy is the HRTF parameterized for the dummy head, for position ⁇ .
  • the validation and training stage is carried out in order to find the value for B 0 to achieve the equality of the equation previously described for all the angular positions.
  • the parameterized transfer functions of said system could be represented as coefficients that describe the Interaural Time Difference (ITD) for the left microphones. and right.
  • This parameterized transfer function can be easily approximated to an HRTF that has been parameterized in the same way, in which case the transformation function would be a monotonous function that maps the ITDs captured by the acquisition system to the corresponding ITDs that occur in a human head
  • the audio signals picked up by the acquisition system, or in another modality a filtered version of these, can be fed to the transformation function, which would generate an approximate binaural representation of the input audio signal.
  • the output can be written as a linear combination of the inputs and transfer functions that must be estimated in the training and validation stage, using for example the following equation:
  • the binaural recording system (1) object of the present invention describes an operation methodology consisting of in recording the sound using at least a pair of sound sensor devices (2) or microphones, wherein the sound sensor devices are wrapped in an acoustic filter device or APAF (3), comprising the connection of said units the system of microphones-filter or acquisition system (4).
  • the recording stage comprises the standard digital audio recording processes, that is, pre-amplification, anti-wing filter, sampling, analog-digital conversion, decoding and storage, among others.
  • the output audio signal of the acquisition system is processed in a decoder device (5) belonging to the binaural recording system, which applies the Binaural Transformation (BF) to said signal and, preferably, stores it in at least one storage unit, converting it into a pair of signals capable of being understood by a human who listens to them by means of conventional type hearing aids or hearing aids (6) and, in an alternative modality, by means of conventional stereo speakers.
  • a decoder device (5) belonging to the binaural recording system, which applies the Binaural Transformation (BF) to said signal and, preferably, stores it in at least one storage unit, converting it into a pair of signals capable of being understood by a human who listens to them by means of conventional type hearing aids or hearing aids (6) and, in an alternative modality, by means of conventional stereo speakers.
  • the method and system of the invention allow to improve the stereophonic depth of the audio signals in the conventional speakers, thus improving the sound image and the Surround experience of different conventional audio systems.
  • the acquisition system can be replaced by a plurality of spatially separated sound sensor devices or microphones, which together are used to minimize the angular (spherical) correlation of the response to any pair of sounds identical with frequencies in the human range.
  • a system transfer function composed of a plurality of microphones with the aim of correlating said function to the associated parameterized HRTF, obtaining the Binaural Transformation (BF) that applies the decoding device of the signal to convert it into a binaural listening signal that allows recreating the real three-dimensional environment with respect to the capture of sounds by the human ear.
  • BF Binaural Transformation
  • a difference of time, phase and intensity that occurs in the plurality of arrangement of sound sensor devices provides enough information to determine the position of a sound source from the Binaural Transformation (BF), so the system of acquisition of the invention can be replaced by said arrangement.
  • BF Binaural Transformation
  • the acquisition system ie the APAF device enclosing the sound sensor units
  • a portable device such as a video camera, photographic camera, smart phone, tablet and / or smart watch, or any other type of device for binaural recording, wherein said set forms a new acquisition system.
  • the binaural transformation applied by the decoding device is adapted to the geometric or structural configuration formed by the new acquisition system consisting of a portable device that integrates in its structure at least two microphones, spatially separated, wherein said binaural transformation allows the sound wave captured by the acquisition system to be captured recreating the real three-dimensional environment with respect to the perception of sounds by the human ear.
  • the decoding device has all the necessary information to decode the spatiality information that is already present in these two microphones and transform it into a human binaural signal.
  • the methodology of the invention can be applied to existing devices as long as they already have at least two integrated microphones, so that after obtaining the transfer function of said device-microphones system, or MFSTF considering the device as a filter, and To approximate it to the associated HRTF, we can obtain the transformation function that must be applied by the decoding device that converts the input signal into a binaural signal to listen in three dimensions.
  • the acquisition system could be part of the common components of a portable device that consists of at least two sound sensors or microphones, in which the structure of the portable device and its support act as the acoustic filter device enveloping at least two of the sound sensors or microphones mentioned.
  • said device is integrated into the binaural recording system and, alternatively, into the reproduction system, wherein in a convenient embodiment, said decoding device can be implemented in a program computer previously included in a device or that can be installed in the storage memory of the same.
  • Said program includes the implementation of the decoding algorithm based on the learning algorithm that allows obtaining the transfer function of the acquisition system or MFSTF, correlated with the generic HRTF, with the aim of converting the output signal of the acquisition system into a binaural reproduction signal.
  • This objective is fulfilled when obtaining a Binaural Transformation (BF) that allows the signal of a specific acquisition system (microphones-filter, microphones-device, plurality of microphones, among others) to be converted to a stereo binaural signal to listen through of conventional hearing aids or hearing aid type sound reproduction devices.
  • BF Binaural Transformation
  • the computer program for the binaural recording and, alternatively, its reproduction could consist of information storage means to store the information coming from the sound waves captured by a reception device in at least one storage unit, processing means of the information to obtain the relevant parameters of the stored information, means of comparison to correlate the parameters of the stored information with a parameterized HRTF, previously stored in at least one storage unit, means of information processing to obtain the Binaural Transformation (BF) and apply it to the stored information, storage means to save the binaural transformation of the stored information for its later recovery and reproduction, if necessary.
  • information storage means to store the information coming from the sound waves captured by a reception device in at least one storage unit
  • processing means of the information to obtain the relevant parameters of the stored information
  • means of comparison to correlate the parameters of the stored information with a parameterized HRTF, previously stored in at least one storage unit
  • means of information processing to obtain the Binaural Transformation (BF) and apply it to the stored information
  • storage means to save the binaural transformation of the stored information for its later recovery and reproduction, if necessary.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système de taille réduite d'enregistrement binaural, permettant d'enregistrer du son et de le déchiffrer dans un format tridimensionnel rendant disponible sa reproduction en trois dimensions au moyen de dispositifs de reproduction de type audiophones ou audiophones classiques, lesdits procédé et système offrant une solution d'enregistrement portable de dimensions de préférence millimétriques, qui peut être incorporée dans des dispositifs d'enregistrement professionnels ou domestiques. En outre, la présente invention concerne un programme de calcul destiné à l'enregistrement binaurale, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication dudit système d'enregistrement.
PCT/CL2014/000043 2013-09-09 2014-09-09 Procédé et système de taille réduite pour le déchiffrement de signaux audio en signaux audio binauraux WO2015032009A1 (fr)

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EP3465355A4 (fr) * 2016-06-01 2020-01-15 Downey, Patrick M. Procédé d'instruction musicale

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EP3465355A4 (fr) * 2016-06-01 2020-01-15 Downey, Patrick M. Procédé d'instruction musicale

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