WO2015028629A1 - Système de détection de fuite d'eau - Google Patents

Système de détection de fuite d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015028629A1
WO2015028629A1 PCT/EP2014/068414 EP2014068414W WO2015028629A1 WO 2015028629 A1 WO2015028629 A1 WO 2015028629A1 EP 2014068414 W EP2014068414 W EP 2014068414W WO 2015028629 A1 WO2015028629 A1 WO 2015028629A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
under
leak
pipes
threshold value
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PCT/EP2014/068414
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter Appel
Lars GYLDENHOLM
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Energidata Aps
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Application filed by Energidata Aps filed Critical Energidata Aps
Priority to EP14756075.9A priority Critical patent/EP3042172A1/fr
Publication of WO2015028629A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015028629A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/002—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using thermal means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and systems for monitoring and detecting a water leak and/or unintended use of water in a water supply system inside a building having one or more pipes.
  • Water leakage from toilets, faucets, or other plumbing fixtures can account for as much as 10-30 % or more of the water consumption in a building. Therefore, detecting and repairing leaking fixtures forms a good starting point for efficiency improvements.
  • DE 433 33 095 A1 (to Gerhard Ritter) relates to a method for detecting a leak in a drinking water supply network at one of a plurality of consumer connecting lines buried in the ground and connected to a main supply line, where the consumer connecting lines are susceptible to corrosion due to road traffic-related shocks and stresses, seasonal fluctuations, and so on.
  • the method involves determining the temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperature observed in each consumer connecting line during operation and comparing the measured temperature difference of each consumer connecting line with each other.
  • a reliable index of a leak is when one or more of the consumer connecting lines have a significantly lower temperature difference compared to the other consumer connecting lines.
  • DE 433 33 095 A1 describes how to obtain a reliable index of a leak in a water pipe in the ground between the main line and the consumer/building by comparison with other pipes, but is silent about detection of leaks from pipes at the consumer side, or inside a building, in particular larger institutional or commercial buildings, as well as how to avoid fault alarms.
  • the consumer side of the building will be metered, in that a meter will be placed on the consumer side where the consumer connecting line enters the building.
  • a meter When wanting to detect a leak inside a metered building, it may in some instances be possible to shut off all tapping points of the pipes in the building. If the meter, placed where the consumer connecting line enters the building, is still registering consumption of water, then there is a leak in one or more of the pipes of the building. While this method can determine the presence of a leak, in the cases where it is possible to shut off all tapping points of the pipes of the building, the method suffers from the drawback that it is not possible to pin point where and which of the - in some cases hundreds - of pipes that have a leak.
  • the present invention provides methods for continuous monitoring and detection of a water leak in a water supply system inside a building having one or more pipes, comprising the steps of:
  • temperature sensors can be used to find water leaks in pipes inside a building by comparing the lowest temperature of the water pipe (when water is being drawn from the water pipe) with an added threshold temperature to the temperature of the water pipe when it is expected not to be used, e.g. during night hours. If at night the temperature of the water pipe is within the lowest temperature with the threshold added, then this is indicative of a leak being present.
  • at least five pipes are fitted with at least one temperature sensor each.
  • the period of time is a rolling period of time of at least one day.
  • the period of time is a rolling period of time of up to 15 days.
  • the individual lowest temperature is in the range of 4 °C to 15 °C.
  • the threshold value is 15 % to 25 % of the each of the individual lowest temperature. In some embodiments of the present invention, under c) the threshold value is 3°C or lower.
  • the threshold value is at least 1 °C.
  • the period of time is at least 2 hours and/or less than 6 hours.
  • under f) a leak is present and/or a leak alarm is given if all of the temperatures measured under d) are below the temperature with the added threshold value obtained under c).
  • under a) the one or more pipes fitted with one or more temperature sensors are pipes that lead to one or more toilets.
  • the presence or absence of leak alarm(s) are counted over a period of at least 5 idle periods, such as between 10 and 30 idle periods.
  • a second threshold value is added to each individual lowest temperature (t ac tive). and where under f) a leak is present and/or a leak alarm is given if at least one of the temperatures measured under d) is below the temperature with the added first threshold value obtained under c), and a lower severity leak alarm is given if at least one of the temperatures measured under d) is below the temperature with the added second threshold value obtained under c).
  • Figure 1 shows hourly usage of water in m3 from 1 :00 am on 16 July until midnight same day. It can be seen that around 800 liters of water is used in the three hours of idle period where no water is expected to be used.
  • Figure 2 shows an overview including the same 16 July of figure 1 , where an excerpt of 15 individual temperature sensors are shown in the rows together with an indication of whether or not the main line water meter is registering any flow in the period from 1 :00 am to 3:00 am, which is the selected idle period in the office building where these temperature sensors have been mounted.
  • the Legend "X" denotes an alarm.
  • the criteria for an alarm is in this setup where three temperatures measured at 1 :00 am, 2:00 am and 3:00 am all are below the alarm value according to the present invention, which is the sum of each of the individual tactive temperatures and the individual first shoid values.
  • the legend "+” denotes an alarm that is below a second alarm value according to the present invention, which is the sum of each of the individual tacti e temperatures and the individual second threshold values.
  • the names of the temperature sensors denote the placement in the office building. Shown in figure 2 are core water pipes A-E, which split out from the main water line, where the water flow meter is mounted. A number of temperature sensors are shown downstream of Core C, denoted: Core C, Bathroom 1-3; and Core C, Toilet 1-6.
  • the invention in one aspect relates to a method for detecting and/or localising a water leak in a water supply system, in particular inside a building.
  • the water leak may be from leaking fixtures such as faucets, showers, toilets, sprinklers, and so on, as well as from the pipes supplying such fixtures.
  • One particular advantage of the system is that it may be used to detect unintended water usage from a fixture, such as e.g. a leaking toilet.
  • the water supply system for the building may be the municipal water supply system.
  • the method relates to a continuous monitoring and detection of a water leak in a water supply system inside a building having one or more pipes. Having a continuous monitoring system helps detect the water leaks as at an early state, which may be helpful in that the detrimental effects of the water leak will be reduced, if detected sufficiently early.
  • the methods comprise the steps of:
  • One water pipe leading from the metered main line on the north side of the building is split into a number of pipes at a junction, four pipes leading to different rooms on different levels of the building, one such pipe leading from the junction to a bathroom on the south side of the building, where it is split into a faucet and a toilet.
  • these pipes could all be fitted with one temperature sensor, i.e. the number of pipes leading to different rooms from the junction could each be fitted with a temperature sensor (TS), so we have TS1 , TS2, TS3, TS4, and one sensor for the faucet (TS5), and one for the toilet (TS6).
  • TS temperature sensor
  • a threshold value (tthres oid.i - tthreshow.e) is then added to each of these individual lowest temperatures (tactive, i - t act ive,6) resulting in six different alarm values, one for each temperature sensor (TS1-TS6).
  • the system is then ready to detect leaks.
  • Leaks are detected by measuring for each individual temperature sensor (TS1-TS6) at least one temperature, when the pipe is not in use or suspected not to be in use based on a recorded usage pattern.
  • TS1-TS6 individual temperature sensor
  • the toilet (TS6) is above the sum of tactive,6 + tthreshoid,6, then there would not be a leaking toilet. However, if the idle temperature of e.g. the toilet is below that same sum, then this is indicative of a leaking toilet.
  • the method described herein by the inventors is much better than e.g. calculating a dynamic window based on the room temperature and the lowest temperature of the water, or to base the alarm on values involving the highest temperature in e.g. the room or the pipe.
  • the inventors found out that this is i.a. because over a period of time the highest temperature in the environment surrounding the pipe to be measured varies more compared to the lowest temperature of the pipe, when it is in use (t aC f / Ve)- This way of structuring the alarms additionally helps in reducing fault alarms.
  • calculating a dynamic window as described above may in some cases be used, it is could be used in situations where the lowest temperature (tactive) and the surrounding/room temperature does not change much (such as e.g. pipes in the ground) it is still not preferable to calculate a dynamic window, and it is considered that the method according to the invention of detecting a water leak in a pipe located inside a building is superior to the two other alternatives mentioned above.
  • One step a) in the method is fitting one or more pipes with one or more temperature sensors.
  • At least five pipes are fitted with at least one temperature sensor each.
  • at least 10 pipes will be fitted with at least one temperature sensor each, such as at least 20 pipes, such as at least 30 pipes, such as at least 50 pipes, such as at least 100 pipes; and where some of these pipes will be fitted with between 1 to 40 temperature sensors, such as between 1 and 10 temperature sensors.
  • the temperature sensor will allow for the detection and/or localisation of a water leak downstream of where the temperature sensor is fitted to the pipe.
  • the temperature sensor is placed close to the very end of a pipe leading to a fixture, such as a toilet fixture. Such placement will enable the temperature sensor through the method of the present invention to detect unintended water usage from a leaking toilet, but it will not immediately be able to detect if the pipe leading to the toilet has a leak further upstream of the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor may also be placed at the junction where one pipe splits into two or more pipes, e.g. a pipe running into a bathroom being split into three pipes leading to three toilets, and three pipes leading to three faucets.
  • the present invention allows for the detection and/or localisation of a leak along a section of a pipe. This may be accomplished by placing one or more temperature sensors at set intervals along the section of the pipe. Such placement will enable each of the temperature sensors through the method of the present invention to detect a leak downstream of their individual placements. In such a way a potential leak can be narrowed down to the part of the pipe between the last of the temperature sensors that sets off an alarm and the first sensor that does not set off an alarm.
  • the temperature sensor fitted may be any type of temperature sensor, which allows for or is configured to be read from a remote location.
  • a temperature sensor is a sensor that can measure the energy level, i.e. temperature of a matter.
  • Temperature sensors come in a wide variety, and may for example be of the following types: thermocouples, resistive temperature devices (RTDs, thermistors), infrared radiators, bimetallic devices, liquid expansion devices (such as thermometers), molecular change-of-state, silicon diodes and so on.
  • the temperature sensors are fitted so as to be in good thermal contact with the pipe, which may involve using a bracket or other means that attach and/or press the temperature sensor firmly against the pipe, such as e.g. adhesives.
  • thermal conducting paste may be used to improve the thermal contact between the temperature sensor and the pipe, in such a manner that it may rapidly detect changes in water temperature flowing inside the pipe. It is preferable to mount the temperature sensor on the outside of the pipe as this in many cases is the simplest or most economically feasible way of fitting the temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor is fitted so as to be in direct contact with the water flowing in the pipe.
  • the temperature sensor could be placed inside a connecting bolt that can be inserted between the end of a pipe and a toilet cistern.
  • Another step b) in the method is determining the individual lowest temperature (tactive) of each individual temperature sensor over a period of time, where water is drawn from the one or more pipes fitted with one or more temperature sensors;
  • the temperature is monitored during a period of time to determine the lowest temperature during that period of time. It is often the case that the temperature inside a building is higher than the temperature of the water supplied, e.g. through a consumer connecting line. When the inside temperature in the building is higher than the temperature of the water supplied, the lowest temperature that can be recorded will be the temperature of the water supplied.
  • the lowest temperature experienced by a particular temperature sensor may not reach the theoretical lowest temperature, but may correlate with the theoretically lowest temperature.
  • the lowest temperature a given temperature sensor experiences is when a large amount of water is flowing through the pipe fitted with the temperature sensor, i.e. when water is drawn from the pipe.
  • a temperature sensor fitted to a pipe leading to a toilet fixture will experience the lowest temperature when it is flushed repeatedly.
  • the lowest temperature recorded will for each temperature sensor will in the most cases not be identical, as the temperature sensors will be placed throughout the building at different lengths from the inlet of e.g. the consumer connecting line, and also the temperature sensors may be placed on pipes in different rooms, where the room temperature may vary considerably. This will also influence the lowest temperature recorded. See also the table of example 4 in this respect.
  • the temperature of the incoming water from e.g. the consumer connecting line may vary in temperature over the year, from month to month and in some cases from week to week.
  • the inventors when detecting and/or localising a water leak in a water supply system, in particular inside a building, as opposed to e.g. in the ground, the inventors have surprisingly found that using the lowest temperature of each individual pipe (t ac tive), and adding an individual threshold value ( show) to each of the individual lowest temperatures results in a more reliable system compared to basing the measurement on the highest temperature or on a dynamic window between the highest or lowest temperature.
  • the individual lowest temperature is in the range of 4 °C to 15 °C, in some embodiments from 4 °C to 20 °C, such as from 4 °C to 18 °C.
  • Water supplied from e.g. a municipal water supply may be around 8-9 °C when pumped from the ground, and in many cases it will not exceed 12 °C at the end user, i.e. at the inlet of the consumer connecting line, due to the increased risk of bacterial growth at warmer temperatures than Ideally the period of time should be of some length to ensure that indeed the lowest temperature during normal operation is achieved. At the same time the period of time should not be unnecessarily long due to the above reasons.
  • the rolling lowest temperature ensures that the temperature sensor is adapted to the current environment of e.g. the temperature in the particular area where the temperature sensor is fitted and the temperature of the incoming water.
  • the period of time is a rolling period of time of at least half a day, such as one day, i.e. 24 hours.
  • the period where the lowest temperature experienced by each temperature sensor is determined may be over a rolling period of at least 12 hours, such as at least 24 hours, at least 36 hours, at least 48 hours, at least 60 hours, at least 72 hours, at least 84 hours, at least 96 hours, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, at least 15 days, at least 20 days, at least 25 days, at least 30 days.
  • the period of time is a rolling period of time of up to 30 days, such as up to 25 days, such as up to 20 days, such as up to 15 days, such as up to 14 days, up to 13 days, up to 12 days, up to 1 1 days, up to 10 days, up to 9 days, up to 8 days, up to 7 days, up to 6 days, up to 5 days, up to 4 days, up to 3 days, up to 2 days.
  • the period of time is a rolling period of between: 12 hours to 20 days, such as 1 day to 18 days, such as 3 day to 15 days, such as 5 day to 15 days, e.g.
  • the rolling period where the individual lowest temperatures are measured are at least 5 days.
  • Such a period is particularly useful the pipe lead to a toilet, because toilets are special in that they may leak temporarily (e.g. for hours or days) and then suddenly stop. This can happen for a number of reasons. Sometimes lime scale gets stuck between the flush valve seat and the flapper that opens flow from the toilet tank and to the toilet bowl. Such temporarily leaking may be solved as soon as the next person flushes the toilet. Consequently, having a rolling period of some days, such as at least 3 or at least 5 days is advantageous in that such temporary leaking will still be detectable using the method of the present invention.
  • a rolling period of maximum 30 days such as maximum 20 days, e.g. maximum 15 or 10 days, to minimise the risk of the individual lowest temperatures (t ac tive) drifting. This is because, while the temperature of water flowing from the main line is often the same, there is still variations over time. To avoid such variations over time, it may be advantageous to have a maximum rolling period for determining the individual lowest temperatures (tactive)-
  • Intermittent leakage of a toilet may also be marking the end of the service life of the toilet or of the flush valve seat or flapper, which should then be scheduled for maintenance. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the present invention the number of alarms given over the course of a period of time are counted. The absence of alarms may equally be counted. In some embodiments there will be one idle period within a 24 hour window (usually night time). If the system returns a water leak alarm based on the method described herein, then a counter counts the number of water leak alarms, i.e. if a toilet leaks 7 days out of 30 days (i.e. thirty 24 hour idle periods), then the counter will be 7.
  • the presence or absence of leak alarm(s) are counted over a period of at least 5 idle periods, such as between 10 and 30 idle periods or more (such as between 5 and 365 idle periods or more.
  • Such presence or absence may be illustrated (see figure 2 for an example) allowing a viewer to get an overview of the presence or absence of alarms for each of the temperature sensors, as well as the frequency of such presence or absence of alarms. This allows the viewer to take a more informed decision on how the different fixtures are leaking.
  • the individual lowest temperature experienced by each temperature sensor is determined as being the average of the daily lowest temperatures for each temperature sensor.
  • Another step c) in the method is adding for each individual temperature sensor a threshold value ( shoid) to each individual lowest temperature (t ac tive) ⁇
  • shoid a threshold value
  • t ac tive a threshold value that needs to balance between not being too high, and subsequently attracting too many fault alarms, and at the same time not be too low so as to not detecting water leaks.
  • the threshold value is at least 1 °C, such as at least 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 °C, and in some embodiments of the present invention, under c) the threshold value is 3°C or lower, such as 2.9 °C or lower, such as 2.8 °C or lower, such as 2.7 °C or lower, such as 2.6 °C or lower, such as 2.5 °C or lower, such as 2.4 °C or lower, such as 2.3 °C or lower, such as 2.2 °C or lower, such as 2.1 °C or lower, such as 2.0 °C or lower, such as 1.9 °C or lower, such as 1.8 °C or lower, such as 1.7 °C or lower, such as 1.6 °C or lower, such as 1.5 °C or lower, such as 1.4 °C or lower, such as 1.3 °C or lower, such as 1.2 °C or lower, such as 1.1 °C or lower, such as 1.0
  • the threshold value is between 0.1 °C and 3 °C, such as between 0.5 °C and 3 °C, between 1 °C and 3 °C.
  • the most appropriate threshold value may in some embodiments be calculated as a percentage of the individual lowest temperature, such as a percentage of the individual average lowest temperature.
  • the threshold value is between 5% to 30% of the each of the individual lowest temperature, such between as 10 % to 25 %, such as between 15 % to 25 %.
  • the threshold value is 30% or lower of the each of the individual lowest temperature, such as e.g.
  • 25% or lower such as 24% or lower, such as 23% or lower, such as 22% or lower, such as 21% or lower, such as 20% or lower, such as 19% or lower, such as 18% or lower, such as 17% or lower, such as 16% or lower, such as 15% or lower, such as 14% or lower, such as 13% or lower, such as 12% or lower, such as 11% or lower, such as 10% or lower, such as 9% or lower, such as 8% or lower, such as 7% or lower, such as 6% or lower, such as 5% or lower.
  • a second threshold value is added to each individual lowest temperature (t ac tive), and where under f) a leak is present and/or a leak alarm is given if at least one of the temperatures measured under d) is below the temperature with the added first threshold value obtained under c) (a first alarm), and a lower severity leak alarm is given if at least one of the temperatures measured under d) is below the temperature with the added second threshold value obtained under c) (a second alarm).
  • Another step d) in the method is determining one or more temperatures (tidie) during a period of time, where the one or more pipes are not in use.
  • the period or periods of time where the one or more pipes are not in use i.e. water is not drawn from the fixtures connected to these pipes, are the periods where the pipe is in the idle or resting mode, and where the water inside the pipes will slowly heat to the surrounding temperature of the room that the pipe with the temperature sensor fitted is located in.
  • the surrounding temperature will be higher than the threshold temperature added to the lowest temperature of the pipe during operation.
  • idle periods could also be envisaged, such as one idle period per week, if for example a building is closed for the weekend, which is typical for a school.
  • the idle period is during night time, i.e. during a period from 10 pm to 4 am, or during a period starting 1 hour after the sun has set and ends one hour before the sun rises.
  • the period where the pipes are not in use may vary depending on the usage pattern of the pipes where the one or more temperature sensors are fitted.
  • One way of determining when the pipes are in their idle state, i.e. not being used is to measure the temperature for a period of time to determine when there is a steady state where the temperature is higher than when there is not flowing water through the pipes.
  • the period where the one or more pipes are not in use will be during night.
  • the periods of time, where the one or more pipes are not in use may be different periods depending on which pipe the one or more temperature sensors are fitted to.
  • Some pipes are not being used, i.e. water is not drawn from the fixtures connected to these pipes, during night time, which may be fixtures such as toilets, faucets, showers, etc. whereas some pipes may not be used during daytime, e.g. sprinklers for watering plants.
  • Another step e) in the method is comparing for each individual temperature sensor the temperature measurements obtained under d) to the temperature(s) with the added threshold value obtained under c);
  • the lowest temperature e.g. the average lowest temperature of each individual temperature sensor with the individual threshold added is compared with the one or more temperatures from when the pipes are not in use, or at least not expected to be in use.
  • step d If the one or more temperatures from when the pipes are not in use are equal to or lower than the one or more temperatures obtained under step d), then the water appears to be running when the pipe is supposed not to be in use. Consequently, a control signal indicative of a water leak is sent to an alarm unit.
  • step f) in the method a leak is present and/or a leak alarm is given if at least one of the temperatures measured under d) is below the temperature with the added threshold value obtained under c).
  • step d In its simplest form only one temperature is measured under step d). Even though the temperature measured under step d) is taken during a period where it is expected that the pipes will not be in use, there may be situations, where they may be used nevertheless. If the temperature measurement under step d) is taken when e.g. a toilet that the temperature sensor is supposed to monitor has been flushed, then this could generate a fault alarm. In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of fault alarms are reduced by performing more than one measurement during the period where the pipe is supposed not to be in use, and the leak alarm is only presented if more than one of the measurements are below the threshold temperature as determined under step c).
  • At least two temperatures per temperature sensor is determined during a period where the pipes are not expected to be in use, and all temperatures have to be within the temperature as determined under step c). In some embodiments at least three temperatures per temperature sensor is determined, such as e.g. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more measurements.
  • the period of time is at least 2 hours and/or less than 6 hours. In some embodiments, where multiple temperature measurements under step d) is taken during this period, there is at least 15 minutes between each measurement, such as at least 30 minutes, at least 45 minutes, or at least 1 hour. In some embodiments of the present invention, under f) a leak is present and/or a leak alarm is given if all of the temperatures measured under d) are below the temperature with the added threshold value obtained under c).
  • the one or more pipes fitted with one or more temperature sensors are pipes that lead to one or more toilets.
  • Toilets are important to monitor in buildings because once they leak, there will be a significant loss of water, in particular in buildings with many toilets or in buildings which consume more than 10.000 m 3 water per year, or residential buildings as well as institutional and commercial buildings such as schools, hospitals, shopping centers, office buildings, hotels, restaurants, and housing associations. Buildings according to the present invention may be places where significant amounts of water are consumed and where considerable savings can be captured.
  • the fault alarms can be even further reduced.
  • a temperature sensor on a toilet e.g. TS6
  • the alarm can be corroborated by an alarm given by one or more temperature sensors upstream of the temperature sensor TS6, which should also give an alarm.
  • the water leak alarms are further corroborated by correlating the alarm with one or more flow meters upstream of the potential leak.
  • Example 1 Setting up a temperature sensor to detect a leaking toilet
  • a temperature sensor (TSicTM-306 temperature sensor, 1ST, Germany) is attached to the outside of a pipe supplying water to a toilet cistern approximately 20 cm from the toilet.
  • the temperature is read using the wireless M-Bus standard (EN 13757-4) and transferred to an intermediate data logging system (MinEnergi I/O, EnergiData ApS, Denmark), where data is transferred four times per hour to a central server, using GPRS, for further processing.
  • the alarm temperature is generated by taking the lowest temperature the particular sensor has measured during the last seven days.
  • the lowest temperature for toilet sensors as described in example 1 is typically during the daytime, when many persons flushes the toilets within a short period of time thereby generating a larger inflow of colder water from the main line feeding the building.
  • the lowest temperatures registered daily over the course of seven days were between 8.8 °C and 11.3 °C for one of the sensors in example 1.
  • the alarm temperature is generated by taking the lowest temperature over the last seven days (here 8.8 °C) and adding a threshold value.
  • a threshold value of 2 °C is applied making the alarm temperature 10.8 °C.
  • One of the temperature sensors of example 1 has been coded with a threshold temperature for leak alarm at 10.8 °C.
  • the central server is set to analyse the temperature of this sensor during a period, where it is not expected that the toilet will be in use, which for this particular toilet was between 1 :00 am and 3:00 am.
  • the system evaluates the temperature of the sensor a three equally spaced intervals, 1 :00 am, 2:00 am and 3:00 am. Each of the three temperatures must be below the threshold temperature for leak alarm, set at 10.8 °C in order for the system to send out an alarm that the toilet is leaking.
  • Examples 1-3 The system described in examples 1-3 was implemented in an office building, where more than 50 temperature sensors was fitted. An excerpt of these sensors are shown in figure 2 for the second half of the month of July.
  • the legend X is indicative of an alarm based on a first threshold value of 2°, where the legend + is indicative of an alarm based on a second threshold value of 3°.
  • the legend X in the row denoted "Water flow” indicates that water flow has occurred during the "idle period", which for this building has been selected to be from 1 :00 to 3:00 am.
  • the tdie temperature is measured for each temperature sensor at 1 :00 am, 2:00 am and 3:00 am. If all three
  • the individual first and second threshold value have been set to 2 C and 3°, respectively, for all individual sensors. It is noted that it may also be the case that the individual first and/or second threshold values varies for each individual sensor.

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Abstract

Procédé pour la détection et la surveillance en continu d'une fuite d'eau dans un système d'alimentation en eau à l'intérieur d'un bâtiment ayant un ou plusieurs conduit, la détection d'une fuite d'eau étant réalisée à l'aide de capteurs de température.
PCT/EP2014/068414 2013-09-02 2014-08-29 Système de détection de fuite d'eau WO2015028629A1 (fr)

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USD800591S1 (en) 2016-03-31 2017-10-24 Homeserve Plc Flowmeter
US10508966B2 (en) 2015-02-05 2019-12-17 Homeserve Plc Water flow analysis
US10704979B2 (en) 2015-01-07 2020-07-07 Homeserve Plc Flow detection device
CN114251603A (zh) * 2021-12-15 2022-03-29 三杰节能新材料股份有限公司 一种供热管道的泄漏智能检测方法

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