WO2015024102A1 - Procédé de distribution de pyrolyse à petite échelle pour la production de combustibles renouvelables à partir de déchets - Google Patents

Procédé de distribution de pyrolyse à petite échelle pour la production de combustibles renouvelables à partir de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015024102A1
WO2015024102A1 PCT/CA2014/000632 CA2014000632W WO2015024102A1 WO 2015024102 A1 WO2015024102 A1 WO 2015024102A1 CA 2014000632 W CA2014000632 W CA 2014000632W WO 2015024102 A1 WO2015024102 A1 WO 2015024102A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
production site
bio
product
waste
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2014/000632
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English (en)
Inventor
Jocelyn Doucet
Jamal Chaouki
Original Assignee
Services Kengtek Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Services Kengtek Inc. filed Critical Services Kengtek Inc.
Priority to CA2921745A priority Critical patent/CA2921745A1/fr
Priority to US14/912,945 priority patent/US20160200982A1/en
Priority to EP14837617.1A priority patent/EP3036308A4/fr
Publication of WO2015024102A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015024102A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
    • C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
    • C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed generally relates to a method of producing renewable fuels from waste by distributing small scale waste conversion machines.
  • the method includes distributing small scale machines performing a de-polymerization of waste through pyrolysis or gasification that will convert waste produced locally into valuable and energetic by-products that can be either used directly or further processed for production of renewable fuels.
  • the by-products include a gas, a liquid and a solid.
  • the present invention By reducing the volume of waste at the source by at least 90% and efficientlyzing the waste by producing valuable by-products, the present invention will target about 60%-70% of the current costs of waste management, create value from a low-value stream and trigger the development of a high-technology industry that develops, collects, transforms and valorizes the waste by-products.
  • the current waste management approach used in North America is essentially based on door to door collection (single or multi-way collect). Waste is mostly sent to landfills (95% of the waste) and incineration.
  • waste collection and transportation entails the combustion of 7 to 15 litres of diesel per ton of waste. Therefore, in the current context, waste is clearly synonym of net expenses: waste is a nuisance that does not contribute to value creation.
  • Microwave heating although not sensitive to fouling compared to other conventional heating approaches, can hardly be applied to large scale units because of the issue with distributing the microwaves in a larger enclosure. It is also more selective towards specific molecules which yield better quality liquid products. However, it works well at small and medium scale.
  • the proposed small distributed pyrolysis/gasification approach disclosed herein proposes to convert the waste at the production site and produce dense by-products (liquid oil and solid char powder) which reduce the volume of by-products to be collected and transported.
  • the fraction of original MSW that was converted in gas can be used at site for heating, water heating or cooking and further reduce the mass of by-products to be transported and decreases furthermore the overall collection and transportation cost of waste after its conversion at site.
  • a method of performing small scale pyrolysis in a distributed way and creating value through at least one pyrolysis by-product produced therefrom which comprises: a) producing at least one pyrolysis by-product by small scale pyrolysis of at least one waste at a production site to be used by at least one by-product processor.
  • the method may further comprise the step a') prior to step a): a') operating an apparatus for small scale pyrolysis of the waste at a production site.
  • the method may further comprise step b) after step a): b) collecting the at least one pyrolysis by-product from the production sites.
  • the by-product processor may be at the production site.
  • the apparatus for small scale pyrolysis may be leased to the production site, sold to the production site, in consignment at the production site, or transported to the production site.
  • the at least one pyrolysis by-product may be received by an integrator prior to distribution to the at least one by-product processor.
  • the operating the apparatus for small scale pyrolysis may be performed by at least one of an owner of the production site, an owner of the apparatus, a producer of the apparatus, a purchaser of the apparatus, the byproduct processor, the integrator, a third party operator of the apparatus, a lender of the apparatus, a seller of the apparatus, a leaser of the apparatus, a leaseholder of the apparatus, a transporter of the apparatus, or combinations thereof.
  • the apparatus for small scale pyrolysis may be a portable apparatus.
  • the at least one pyrolysis by-product may be chosen from a bio- char, a bio-gas, a bio-oil, and combinations thereof.
  • the method may further comprise the step of using the bio-gas, the bio-oil and/or the bio-char on-site at the production site.
  • the bio-gas may be used for heating, water heating, or cooking.
  • the bio-gas may be used at the production site.
  • the bio-gas may be mixed with at least one other source of gas.
  • the bio-gas may be used by at least one of the owner of the production site, the owner of the apparatus, the producer of the apparatus, the purchaser of the apparatus, the by-product processor, the integrator, the third party operator of the apparatus, the lender of the apparatus, the seller of the apparatus, the leaser of the apparatus, the leaseholder of the apparatus, the transporter of the apparatus, or combinations thereof.
  • the collecting of the at least one pyrolysis by-product may be performed on-demand.
  • the collecting of the at least one pyrolysis by-product may be performed according to a predetermined schedule.
  • the collecting of the at least one pyrolysis by-product may be performed according to a level of the pyrolysis by-products at the production site.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus may further comprise a monitoring system to provide a status of the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • the status may comprise at least one of an apparatus malfunction, a maintenance requirement, and a by-product level status.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus may be provided with an encryption key.
  • the encryption key may be to authorize operation of the pyrolysis apparatus at the production site.
  • the pyrolysis may be a fast pyrolysis.
  • the pyrolysis may be a microwave pyrolysis.
  • the pyrolysis may further include a torrefaction step for removing water from the at least one waste.
  • the method may further comprise the step of upgrading the bio-oil.
  • the upgrading may be performed at the production sites, by the integrator, by the by-product processor, or combinations thereof.
  • the method may further comprise the step of purifying the bio-char.
  • the step of purifying the bio-char may include removal of metals, homogenization and sterilization, activation of carbon, and combinations thereof.
  • the by-product processor may be chosen from a energy company, an oil company, a gasoline company, a gas company, a construction material company, an agricultural company or combinations thereof.
  • the production site may be a house, a restaurant, an office building, a hotel, an airport, a waste treatment plant of an airline, a recycler's site, a sorting facility, and a recycling material drop-off.
  • a system for performing small scale pyrolysis in a distributed way and creating value through at least one pyrolysis by-product produced therefrom which comprises:
  • the transport apparatus may be at least one of a motorized vehicle, a piping, or combinations thereof.
  • the apparatus for small scale pyrolysis may be leased to the production site, sold to the production site, in consignment at the production site, or transported to the production site.
  • the by-product processor may be at the production site.
  • the system may further comprise an integrator for receiving the at least one by-product prior to transportation to the by-product processor.
  • the apparatus for small scale pyrolysis may be a portable apparatus.
  • the system may further comprise a monitoring system to provide a status of the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • the status may comprise at least one of an apparatus malfunction, a maintenance requirement, a by-product level status, an authorized operation status and combinations thereof.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus may be provided with an encryption key.
  • the encryption key may be to authorize operation of the pyrolysis apparatus at the production site.
  • the by-product processor may be chosen from a energy company, an oil company, a gasoline company, a gas company, a construction material company, an agricultural company or combinations thereof.
  • the production site may be a house, a restaurant, an office building, a hotel, an airport, a waste treatment plant of an airline, a recycler's site, a sorting facility, and a recycling material drop-off.
  • by-product is intended to mean a secondary product that is made during the thermal depolymerization of waste by the pyrolysis reaction.
  • by-products include bio-char, bio-oil, and bio-gas.
  • integrator is intended to mean an entity, such as a company that may for example distribute pyrolysis apparatuses, organize and manage collection of the produced by-products and organizes and manages the sale, valorization and/or distribution of by-products to other entities (for example the processors).
  • the integrator may also be comprised of human operated and/or automated machinery which receives the collected by-products and organizes and manages the sale, valorization and/or distribution of by-products to other entities (for example the processors).
  • processor is intended to mean an entity, such as a company which receives the by-product and which may use in their own products and/or resell them to others.
  • the processor may also be the production site itself, in situations where the pyrolysis some of the by-products are reused directly by the production site for their own activities.
  • production site is intended to mean a site which produces wastes or recyclable matter that are pyrolyzed and produces byproducts.
  • Examples of such production sites include houses, restaurants, office buildings, and hotels.
  • Other examples include the waste treatment plant of commercial airlines, as well as airports, which count amongst the largest MSW producer in the world.
  • Other examples include sorting facilities, recycler's collection site, commercial and industrial sites.
  • the production site may include at least one of a house, a restaurant, an office building, a hotel, an airport, a waste treatment plant of an airline, a recycler's site, a sorting facility, a recycling material drop-off and the like.
  • waste is intended to mean mixed solid waste (domestic, residential or commercial), such as plastics, paper, cardboard, textiles, foods, etc.
  • the waste may also contain glass and metals, however they will not be altered by the pyrolysis reaction.
  • the wastes is composed of mixed plastics or other non-recyclable wastes such as food and any of the non-recycled plastics, paper, cardboard, textiles.
  • char or "carbonaceous by-product” is intended to mean the char used as an embedded heater in the process of the present invention, a hot catalyst phase used in the process of the present invention, as well as a self- generated product of the process of the present invention.
  • This "carbonaceous by-product” or “char” may be composed of over 80% carbon.
  • small-scale or “small to medium-scale” is intended to mean from about 0 to about 250 Kg of waste per batch, and preferably, the average weight of a waste disposal bag.
  • open batch is intended to mean that the batch system will have an outlet open to the outside of the reactor throughout the process to avoid pressure build-up and to collect the liquid and gas product.
  • pyrolysis is intended to mean the chemical decomposition of condensed substances by heating that occurs spontaneously at high enough temperatures in absence of oxygen.
  • the word is coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro "fire” and lysys "decomposition”.
  • microwave is intended to mean electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz (0.3 GHz) and 300 GHz.
  • the range of microwaves suitable to be used in the present invention is from about 915 MHz to about 2450 MHz.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a conventional approach to waste management.
  • Community may be formed by individuals or commercial entities.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a method of producing pyrolysis byproducts according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 3A and 3B illustrate system for performing small scale pyrolysis in a distributed way and creating value through at least one pyrolysis by-product produced according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • the present invention will reduce the volume of waste at the source by at least 90%, which will reduce transportation, collection and disposal costs of waste that represent from about 60% to about 70% of the total expenditures related to current waste management strategies. Also, the present invention also results in the production of energetic by-products that may be sold and used or even reused on site.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus that is proposed for use in the method of the present invention is designed to maximize the production pyrolytic oils (or bio-oils) over gases since pyrolytic oil valorization offers more economical opportunities such as fuel for transportation, base for the production of industrial chemicals, etc.
  • pyrolysis gases involve major technical difficulties related to transportation, storage and utilization.
  • Pyrolysis that favors the production of pyrolytic oils (or bio-oils) is also referred to as "fast pyrolysis”.
  • the type of pyrolysis performed by the apparatus in the present invention is a "fast pyrolysis".
  • the any suitable pyrolysis apparatus may be employed in the method of the present invention.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus is a microwave pyrolysis apparatus.
  • microwave power easily allows for the efficient production of microwaves, an energy source that can efficiently transform biomass and waste into pyrolytic oils (bio-oils), gas (bio-gas) and carbon black (char, or bio-char).
  • pyrolytic oils bio-oils
  • gas bio-gas
  • carbon black char, or bio-char
  • the use of electrically powered microwaves for pyrolysis combined with an appropriate catalyst requires less energy per unit mass of waste treated compared to traditional surface-based heating approaches.
  • the technology is energy positive.
  • the pyrolytic gas generated is used to replace electricity as an energy sources for certain domestic applications (such as domestic or hot water heating)
  • the system also contributes to increasing the overall energy efficiency by keeping a noble energy (electricity) for applications other than heating.
  • Microwave heating has also been proven to be safe since ovens are already present in many households.
  • the pyrolysis process in accordance with one embodiment is entirely based on microwave pyrolysis such that heat is provided through absorption of microwaves by a catalyst and by the media itself. It is a batch operated process that subjects domestic waste to a complete pyrolysis reaction. Addition of a carbon-based catalyst is required to absorb microwaves and transfer heat to the microwave-transparent waste which initiates the pyrolysis reaction.
  • the pyrolysis process is for small to medium scale waste quantities.
  • the process is for pyrolysis of about 0 kg to about 250 kg of waste, or for about less than 250 kg, or for about less than 40 kg, or about less than 20 kg, or about less than 10 kg, or about less than 8 kg, or about less than 5 kg.
  • the process is for pyrolysis of about 1 kg to about 20 kg, or from about 1 kg to about 20, kg, or from about 1 kg to about 10 kg, or from about 1 kg to about 8 kg, or from about 1 to about 5 kg.
  • the process is for pyrolysis of an average domestic waste containing bag.
  • the waste may be any domestic, residential or commercial waste, such as plastics, paper, cardboard, textiles, foods, etc, and also include glass and metals. However glass and metals will not be altered by the pyrolysis reaction.
  • the wastes are non- recyclable wastes such as food and any of the non-recyclable or reusable plastics, paper, cardboard, textiles. According to the method of the present invention, no waste would be transported off the premise of the production site intact, but would rather be transformed to energetic by-products.
  • a method of distributing pyrolysis by-products comprising the step of distributing at least one pyrolysis by-product obtained from a production site to at least one by-product processor.
  • the pyrolysis by-products are produced by small scale pyrolysis of a waste at the production site, in a decentralized manner.
  • the method may further comprise providing a pyrolysis apparatus to the production site.
  • production sites such as houses, restaurants, hotels, small, medium or large companies, commercial airlines etc, all of which are together responsible for a large percentage of the world's MSW, may form a plurality of production sites whose combined pyrolysis by-products form a plurality of pyrolysis byproducts.
  • the apparatus may be leased, sold or put in consignment at the production site.
  • the lease of the pyrolysis apparatus may be charged to an operator of the production site (i.e., providing cost avoidance for the operator of the production site). For example, leasing costs may be charged monthly, annually or daily to the operator of the production site.
  • a profit may be shared (i.e., based on the grade and/or volume of pyrolysis by-products such as oil generated from the feedstock) with the leaser (i.e., the operator of the pyrolysis apparatus).
  • the method provides a cost reduction by avoiding landfilling matter (i.e., hauling costs, landfill costs, environmental taxes and the like).
  • the pyrolysis apparatus may comprises a monitoring system to provide a status of the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • the apparatus may report statuses which include apparatus malfunction, maintenance requirement, and by-product level status.
  • the apparatus may communicate the status to an external recipient, such as the user of the apparatus, or an integrator who will take the necessary action.
  • the status may be communicated by any suitable means, such as with a display on the apparatus, or remotely through the internet, cellular network, and the likes.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus may be provided with an appropriate encryption key to allow operation at the production site.
  • the encryption key may be provided through any suitable means, for example, by mail or telephone, or remotely through connection to a internet or cellular network which will provide the appropriate encryption key to allow operation at the production site. This aspect ensures, for example, that the operator is an authorized user and has paid all due fees and charges related the equipment and that he is following the rules set by the contract.
  • the method may further comprise collecting the at least one pyrolysis by-product from the production sites before distribution to by-product processors.
  • by-product processors include but are not limited to energy companies, oil companies, gasoline (fuel) companies, gas company, a construction material companies, tire companies, chemical companies, rubber companies, or combinations thereof.
  • the pyrolysis byproducts may be received by an integrator at a single location point, which may perform some transformation on the pyrolysis by-product.
  • the integrator may upgrade the bio-oil by-product, transform or purify the bio-char (metal removal, homogenization and sterilization through heat treatment, activation of carbon), as well as package and ship of the products for distribution to the by-product processor.
  • the selected integrators or processors may also be responsible for coordinating collection of the pyrolysis by-product, maintain and upgrade the pyrolysis apparatus, as well as replace disposable supplies (such as disposable filters, powder collection bags, oil containers, etc.).
  • Embodiments of the present invention allow for the following advantages:
  • pyrolysis plants are centralized and require additional costs to carry the required flow of feedstock to the plant: it has a negative impact on the environment and profitability of the current business.
  • the approach of the method of the present being distributed, it allows for a significant cost reduction related to transportation and collection of waste.
  • a plurality of pyrolysis apparatus are installed at a plurality of sites and each contribute to the production of byproduct in a distributed and decentralized manner.
  • Small scale (or small to medium scale) pyrolysis offers multiple advantages that are not there with large scale pyrolysis/gasification processes such as: no minimum volume required, reduction of waste volume at the source which reduces the transportation and collection costs of wastes, the possibility to burn the clean gas produced at the source for other applications (water heating, replacing heating fuel).
  • Less sensitive to fouling reactor walls and other components are not used for heating which reduces the sensitivity to fouling.
  • Improved control of reaction time a shorter pyrolysis time maximizes the production of oils over gases and allows for improved control of oil composition.
  • Batch pyrolysis of biomass and waste offers several advantages over continuous processes, in particular with respect to the separation of water from bio-oil.
  • a batch process it is possible to perform torrefaction of the bio- mass/waste prior to pyrolysis which improves substantially the quality of the bio- oil.
  • With the appropriate catalysts it is also possible to further improve the hydrocarbon content of the oil and improve the quality and stability of the bio-oil.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a conventional approach to waste management.
  • Communities may be formed by individuals or commercial entities.
  • the waste selection criterions are that it is available and accessible, homogenous, in important volumes and concentrations, and only a low amount is diverted.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an approach to waste management according to the present invention which includes no minimum volumes to operate the pyrolysis unit, which may or may not include the use of the produced bio-gas for heating (for example hot water, home heating, and stove).
  • the pyrolysis by-products may be collected on-demand, to allow using optimal paths or routes, and minimum energy for collection.
  • collection may be performed according to a predetermined schedule.
  • the volume of the by-products represents about 1% to about 5% of the original waste volume.
  • the valorization of the by-products produced by the pyrolysis apparatus used in the method of the present invention represent a perpetual source of revenue, as MSW are continuously produced at the production sites and collected for sale. Additional revenues are generated by the payment of fees for collection of the by-products as well as rental as well as maintenance of the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • the pyrolysis gas or bio-gas represents about 13%-20% of the waste mass which ends up in bio-gas containing mostly hydrogen and methane. Pyrolysis produces a high quality gas with high calorific values. Most of its constituents are presented in Table 1.
  • the average heating value of this bio-gas is nearly 40 MJ/kg, which is about 80% that of natural gas.
  • the gas On a volumetric basis, the gas has a heating value of 23 000 kJ/m 3 , which is about 60% that of natural gas.
  • Typical yields from the method of the present invention are in the range of 10%-20% of bio-gas which accounts to the production of an average of 30 to 60 MWh/year of energy.
  • the upper range covers most of the natural gas needs for water heating of a conventional fast food establishment (60 MWh/year for water heating).
  • the pyrolysis gas could be used to supply between 14% and 27% of the total natural gas needs.
  • Appropriate adapters on existing burners are required and may be supplied to allow the use of this highly energetic gas.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus may be equipped to collect the bio-gas for later collection.
  • tools and engineered solution packages for the conversion of home electrical appliances such as water heaters, stove, ovens, refrigerators, heating systems into gas fuelled systems are provided to directly use the bio-gas.
  • Waste conversion produces gas with more energy per kg than natural gas, which makes it suitable for co-generation. This would yield savings on electricity bills and also further alleviate the carbon footprint in areas where electricity is mainly produced by burning fossil fuels.
  • the waste may be converted in liquid containing various fractions of hydrocarbons, oxygenated compounds and amides (depending on the waste composition).
  • the bio-oil may be refined and treated to naphta and diesel grade.
  • Biomass energy consumption is projected to increase by 4.4% per year from 2007 to 2030 compared to 0.5% increase in primary energy consumption for end-use markets.
  • biomass consumption in primary markets is expected to reach 20% of renewable energy sources.
  • ethanol and biodiesel have led the adoption of renewable fuels in the transportation industry, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandates production of at least 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels by 2022 with cellulosic biofuels contributing more (16 billion gallons) than corn ethanol (15 billion gallons).
  • bio-oil from fast pyrolysis brings several technological limitations.
  • most of the biomass contains sugars, mainly cellulose and hemicellulose. This is particularly true for paper, wood and other cellulosic (or fibrous) materials such as fruits and vegetables and cereals.
  • the bio-oil obtained from pyrolysis of cellulosic material is known to contain high levels of oxygenated compounds and acids, such as furfural and acetic acids. Presence of these compounds decrease the energetic value of the bio-oil and requires a catalytic upgrading step to improve the quality of the oil and increase fraction of aromatics and hydrocarbons.
  • Oil upgrading and conversion to diesel is a catalytic conversion technology that can contribute to renewable fuels by producing naphtha and diesel range stock fuel starting from highly oxygenated bio-oils. Most of the issues start with the high water content around 15%-30% found in the conventional pyrolysis oil (PO).
  • PO pyrolysis oil
  • the oil obtained from method of the present invention will contain rather small amount of water, in the range below 5% by using a process which involves a torrefaction step which removes the water from the biomass prior to the pyrolysis.
  • bio-oil may be upgraded at the source.
  • bio-oil may be upgraded at a later stage, by the by-product processor.
  • the approach of the present invention has the advantage of dealing with a distributed pyrolysis system where small scale pyrolysis systems produce the heavy oil which is further collected and refined through hydroprocessing.
  • the advantages are:
  • waste is free, and thus leaves room for more profitability when producing bio-fuels from waste pyrolysis oil as opposed to using pyrolysis oil obtained from biomass.
  • the char or bio-char represent about 12% of the total waste remains as carbonaceous material. It also contains minerals (ash) and other impurities. According to an embodiment, bio-char may be used as an additive in cement, or further transformed for the production of carbonaceous compounds, such as activated carbon, and the likes.
  • the bio-char from pyroiysis can be gasified or incinerated. This process has been applied to char produced through medium temperature pyroiysis of municipal waste, electronic scrap, wood and straw. Typical char obtained after pyroiysis of municipal wastes at 500°C shows presence of several metals. As a basis of comparison, ashes from incinerated waste contains metals as well where most commonly found are Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Cd, Zn and Pb with Zn and Pb usually in the largest amount. These metals may cause leaching problems and are harmful to the environment without proper treatment.
  • MSWI Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator
  • Bottom ashes uses as aggregate in concrete (up to 50%), road base, adsorbent for dyes.
  • ⁇ Mixed ashes Several uses in cement clinker (between 1.75% to 50%). Applications in Portugal, Japan and Taiwan.
  • ⁇ Fly ashes uses in concrete (France), eco-cement (Japan), ceramic tiles (China), glass ceramic (Korea), cement clinker (China) and blended cement (UK).
  • leaching aims to extract the heavy metals from bio-char and to further recover them from the leachant solutions.
  • concentration In order to recover the heavy metals, their concentration must be high to ensure recovery.
  • the leaching of heavy metals depends on the type of extraction solvent, the pH, as well as the liquid-to-solid ratio.
  • An electrochemical route also exists where the objective of the process is to remove heavy metals and further recover them.
  • the process involves the application of an electric potential to force the reduction/oxidation reactions on the surface of the cathode and anode. During the process, metals are deposited on the surface of cathode. Although the processes do not involve chemical addition, the efficiencies are quite low.
  • the method of the present invention employs a pyrolysis apparatus that is of a relatively modest, appliance size (e.g. similar to a refrigerator, freezer, or the like).
  • the method of the present invention may be easily portable to installations, from one site to another, or even to remote area such as mining or prospecting camps where waste disposal in order to limit the environmental footprint of the activity represents a significant challenge. Waste matter which would normally be burnt or transported off site to more industrialized areas for treatment can be transformed into useful energetic material which may be directly used on site or, when transported off site is reduced to one tenth of the original volume of the waste material.
  • the apparatus used in the present invention represent a sizable advantage over usual pyrolysis equipment which tends to require an entire building.
  • several apparatuses of the present invention may be employed in industrial settings. For example, in large industries, they may be disposed in several locations within the facility in locations normally occupied by common appliances, freeing space that a centralized waste disposal and treatment area would normally occupy.
  • a system 10 for performing small scale pyrolysis in a distributed way and creating value through at least one pyrolysis by-product produced comprises a pyrolysis apparatus 14, for small scale pyrolysis of at least one waste at the production site 12.
  • the system also comprises a transport apparatus 16 for transportation of the pyrolysis by-products to at least one byproduct processor 18.
  • the transport apparatus may be a motorized vehicle (non limiting examples include trucks, wagons, or cars), piping, such as underground piping laid between the production site and the byproduct processor.
  • the transport apparatus may also be combinations of vehicular transportation and piping.
  • piping could transport the byproducts up to a storage station connecting several productions sites (e.g. several residential homes) and a truck could come and collect the accumulated by-products at this site.
  • apparatus 14 for small scale pyrolysis may be leased, or sold, to the production site 12, in consignment at the production site 12, or even transported to said production site 12 for on-site pyrolysis of the waste.
  • the last option makes use of the portable nature of the pyrolysis apparatus used in the present system, by transporting the apparatus from one production site 12 to another when these sites, for example, do not wish or cannot maintain an apparatus 14 at the production site.
  • the by-product processor 18 may be at the production site 12.
  • transport apparatus 16 e.g. a piping system
  • the system may further comprise an integrator 20 for receiving the by-products prior to transportation to the by-product processor 18.
  • the byproducts may be transported by transport apparatus 16 to the integrator 20, which perform some transformation on the by-products as described above, package and ship the by-products to the by-product processor 18.
  • the system may further comprise a monitoring system 30, which may provide the status of the pyrolysis apparatus 14.
  • the system may report statuses which include apparatus malfunction, maintenance requirement, and byproduct level status.
  • the apparatus may communicate the status to an external recipient, such as the user of the apparatus, or an integrator who will take the necessary action.
  • the status may be communicated by any suitable means, such as with a display on the apparatus, or remotely through the internet, cellular network, and the likes.
  • the system 30 may be provided with an appropriate encryption key to allow operation at the production site 12.
  • the encryption key may be provided through any suitable means, for example, by mail or telephone, or remotely through connection to a internet or cellular network which will provide the appropriate encryption key to allow operation at the production site. This aspect ensures, for example, that the operator is an authorized user and has paid all due fees and charges related the equipment and that he is following the rules set by the contract.
  • by-product processors 18 include but are not limited to energy companies, oil companies, gasoline (fuel) companies, gas company, a construction material companies, tire companies, chemical companies, rubber companies, or combinations thereof.
  • production sites 12 may be a house, a restaurant, an office building, a hotel, an airport, a waste treatment plant of an airline, a recycler's site, a sorting facility, a recycling material drop-off and the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

Le présent document décrit un procédé et un système de distribution de sous-produits de pyrolyse, comprenant une étape de distribution de sous-produits de pyrolyse, produits par pyrolyse de déchets à petite échelle sur un site de production, à une unité de traitement de sous-produits. L'unité de traitement de sous-produits peut être le site de production lui-même.
PCT/CA2014/000632 2013-08-19 2014-08-18 Procédé de distribution de pyrolyse à petite échelle pour la production de combustibles renouvelables à partir de déchets WO2015024102A1 (fr)

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CA2921745A CA2921745A1 (fr) 2013-08-19 2014-08-18 Procede de distribution de pyrolyse a petite echelle pour la production de combustibles renouvelables a partir de dechets
US14/912,945 US20160200982A1 (en) 2013-08-19 2014-08-18 Method of distributing small scale pyrolysis for production of renewable fuels from waste
EP14837617.1A EP3036308A4 (fr) 2013-08-19 2014-08-18 Procédé de distribution de pyrolyse à petite échelle pour la production de combustibles renouvelables à partir de déchets

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WO2017116750A1 (fr) * 2015-12-31 2017-07-06 Chz Technologies, Llc Procédé de thermolyse à plusieurs étages pour la conversion sûre et efficace de matériaux de déchets électroniques
WO2017143359A1 (fr) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Science Medical, LLC Procédé de recyclage d'articles à usage unique ou limité
WO2018224482A1 (fr) 2017-06-06 2018-12-13 Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh Procédé de recyclage pour déchets plastiques contenant du styrène
US10640711B2 (en) 2018-06-05 2020-05-05 Chz Technologies, Llc Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of treated wood waste sources
WO2022060852A1 (fr) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-24 Chz Technologies, Llc Production d'ammoniac vert à partir de gaz de thermolyseur

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CH715973A1 (de) * 2019-03-19 2020-09-30 Microwave Solutions Gmbh Pyrolyse von polymeren Abfallmateriallien.
WO2024108199A1 (fr) 2022-11-18 2024-05-23 Anellotech, Inc. Procédés et système de recyclage chimique de déchets plastiques impliquant une pyrolyse catalytique

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Cited By (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104673340A (zh) * 2015-03-05 2015-06-03 东南大学 联合水洗-烘焙预处理生物质微波热解多联产的系统装置与方法
US10961461B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2021-03-30 Chz Technologies, Llc Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of e-waste materials
US9850433B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2017-12-26 Chz Technologies, Llc Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of E-waste materials
KR20180100600A (ko) * 2015-12-31 2018-09-11 씨에이치지 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 전자 폐기물 재료의 안전하고 효율적인 전환을 위한 다단계 열분해 방법
KR102174330B1 (ko) 2015-12-31 2020-11-04 씨에이치지 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 전자 폐기물 재료의 안전하고 효율적인 전환을 위한 다단계 열분해 방법
WO2017116750A1 (fr) * 2015-12-31 2017-07-06 Chz Technologies, Llc Procédé de thermolyse à plusieurs étages pour la conversion sûre et efficace de matériaux de déchets électroniques
US11306255B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2022-04-19 Chz Technologies, Llc Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of e-waste materials
US11814585B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2023-11-14 Chz Technologies, Llc Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of e-waste materials
WO2017143359A1 (fr) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Science Medical, LLC Procédé de recyclage d'articles à usage unique ou limité
US20180339323A1 (en) * 2016-02-17 2018-11-29 Science Medical, LLC Method of Recycling Single or Limited Use Items
WO2018224482A1 (fr) 2017-06-06 2018-12-13 Ineos Styrolution Group Gmbh Procédé de recyclage pour déchets plastiques contenant du styrène
US10640711B2 (en) 2018-06-05 2020-05-05 Chz Technologies, Llc Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of treated wood waste sources
WO2022060852A1 (fr) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-24 Chz Technologies, Llc Production d'ammoniac vert à partir de gaz de thermolyseur

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EP3036308A1 (fr) 2016-06-29
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CA2921745A1 (fr) 2015-02-26

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